TY - CONF A1 - Völker, Tobias T1 - Application of two calibration-free LIBS techniques for synthetic spectra of cement samples N2 - Two calibration-free LIBS techniques are used for the quantitative analysis of synthetic cement samples: the CF-LIBS based on the Boltzmann plot method and the Monte Carlo (MC) LIBS based on the iterative spectrum fitting. In CF-LIBS, the inverse problem is solved, i.e. the elemental concentrations are determined by the reconstruction of plasma parameters from spectra. The MC-LIBS technique solves the direct problem by finding the highest correlation between the model-generated and experimental spectrum. The accuracy of both calibration-free LIBS methods suffers from factors such as inaccurately determined instrumental function, the deviation of experimental plasma from the mathematical model used, not taking into account the collection geometry and from the uncertainty of spectroscopic data. Therefore, the both calibration-free LIBS approaches are applied to synthetic spectra which perfectly suit the mathematical model of the method. This test yields the accuracy of both the approaches for the ideal case. In addition, the accuracy of both methods is investigated for non-isothermal plasma, because real laser-induced plasma often has high gradients in temperature. Both methods assume an isothermal plasma. T2 - Xth international conference on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy CY - Atlanta, GA, USA DA - 21.10.2018 KW - Cement KW - MC-LIBS KW - LIBS KW - CF-LIBS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46774 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völker, Tobias T1 - Application of two calibration-free LIBS techniques N2 - Two calibration-free (CF) LIBS approaches are used for the quantitative analysis of cement samples: the CF-LIBS based on the Boltzmann plot method and the Monte Carlo (MC) LIBS based on the iterative spectrum fitting. In CF-LIBS, the inverse problem is solved, i.e. the elemental concentrations are determined by the reconstruction of plasma parameters from spectra. The MC-LIBS technique solves the direct problem by finding the highest correlation between the model-generated and experimental spectrum. The accuracy of both calibration-free LIBS methods suffers from factors such as inaccurately determined instrumental function, the deviation of experimental plasma from the mathematical model used, not taking into account the collection geometry, and from the uncertainty of spectroscopic data. The both calibration-free LIBS approaches are first applied to synthetic spectra which perfectly suit the mathematical model of the method, i.e. the model of the uniform, isothermal, and stationary plasma. This test yields the accuracy of both the approaches for the ideal case. In addition, the accuracy of both the methods is investigated for non-uniform and non-isothermal plasma, because real laser-induced plasma often has high gradients in temperature and particle number densities. Finally, both calibration-free LIBS approaches are applied to experimental spectra obtained from cement samples. The figures of merits of two approaches are compared when working with both synthetic and experimental spectra. T2 - LIBS 2018 at SciX 2018 CY - Atlanta, GA DA - 21.10.2018 KW - Plasma diagnostics KW - Laser induced plasma KW - LIBS KW - Plasma modeling PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46931 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beckmann, Jörg T1 - Application of Time Domain THz Spectroscopy for Non Destructive Contactless Inspection of Non-Metallic Materials and Substances T2 - Far East Forum On Nondestructive Evaluation/Testing: New Technology & Application CY - Kunshan, China DA - 2010-05-26 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21517 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eichler, Thorsten T1 - Application of Thermal Sprayed Zinc Anode for CP of a Multi-Storey-Car-Park T2 - EUROCORR 2009 CY - Nice, France DA - 2009-09-06 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19549 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Yagdjian, H. T1 - Application of the Thermal Shock Response Spectrum (TSRS) methodology to various forms of heat sources by impulse thermography N2 - In this paper, we investigate the influence of different heat source pulse shapes by Infrared impulse thermography (IRT) on the results of the thermal shock response spectrum (TSRS) methodology. TSRS is a new alternative approach for evaluating impulse thermography (IRT) data based on an analogy to Shock Response Spectrum (SRS) analysis (ISO 18431) for mechanical systems. It allows processing the entire recorded signal without truncating the saturated thermogram, as in pulse-phase thermography (PPT) or thermal signal reconstruction (TSR). For this purpose, we use a widespread halogen lamp as heat source as well as laser spot. The laser source enables not only to generate a precise shape of the pulse, but also to heat a specific area of the sample uniformly. This makes it possible to suppress influences of lateral fluxes due to uneven distribution of the excitation source on the surface of the specimen and leads to improved results. In order to quantitatively compare the results and to investigate the possible influence of the source shape on the TSRS, the Tanimoto criterion and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were applied to the region of interest (ROI) of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate with artificial defects as defect detectability criterion. T2 - Jahrestaung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) 2024 CY - Osnabrück, Germany DA - 06.05.2024 KW - Thermal shock response KW - Laser KW - ZfP KW - Post-processing KW - Thermografie PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60158 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neugum, Tim T1 - Application of the substructure method to assess the fire resistance of thermally restrained columns N2 - Usually, the fire resistance of load-bearing structural elements is determined by single members testing. A mechanical load is applied to the member in a force-controlled manner and is maintained constant throughout the fire test. After applying the mechanical load, the thermal exposure starts according to the ISO 834 fire curve. In this conventional test method, no interaction between the tested member and the entire building structure is considered. In buildings, the surrounding structure can restrain the thermal expansion of a member in case of fire. This may have both positive and negative effects on the fire resistance of this structural element. Several years ago, the Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE) at the University of Coimbra in Portugal and the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und prüfung (BAM) in Germany carried out fire tests on circular and square steel-reinforced concrete columns with restrained thermal expansion. BAM´s column test furnace allows the specimen to be subjected to thermal exposure and mechanical loading simultaneously. In addition, this device has a substructure test module, which can also provide restrained test conditions. In an ongoing research project at BAM and Technische Universität Braunschweig, the effect of restrained test conditions on the behaviour of steel-reinforced columns under fire exposure is further investigated. T2 - 8th International RILEM Workshop on Concrete Behaviour due to Fire Exposure CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 18.09.2025 KW - Substructure method KW - Surrounding structure KW - Fire resistance KW - Column KW - Concrete PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64584 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neugum, Tim T1 - Application of the substructure method to assess the fire resistance of thermally restrained columns N2 - Usually, the fire resistance of load-bearing structural elements is determined by single members testing. A mechanical load is applied to the member in a force-controlled manner and is maintained constant throughout the fire test. After applying the mechanical load, the thermal exposure starts according to the ISO 834 fire curve. In this conventional test method, no interaction between the tested member and the entire building structure is considered. In buildings, the surrounding structure can restrain the thermal expansion of a member in case of fire. This may have both positive and negative effects on the fire resistance of this structural element. Several years ago, the Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE) at the University of Coimbra in Portugal and the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) in Germany carried out fire tests on circular and square steel-reinforced concrete columns with restrained thermal expansion. BAM´s column test furnace allows the specimen to be subjected to thermal exposure and mechanical loading simultaneously. In addition, this device has a substructure test module, which can also provide restrained test conditions. In an ongoing research project at BAM and Technische Universität Braunschweig, the effect of restrained test conditions on the behaviour of steel-reinforced columns under fire exposure is further investigated. The comprehensive test programme of the project includes 14 steel-reinforced concrete columns. Several parameters are varied, i.e., the stiffness representing the surrounding structure of the column, the load level, the eccentricity of the applied load, and the fire exposure to be used. The selection of parameters is based on a real building case study. Furthermore, material tests are carried out to characterize the mechanical properties of the concrete at elevated temperatures, to be included in a numerical simulation. T2 - Vortrag an der Helmut-Schmidt-Universität der Bundeswehr in Hamburg CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 27.01.2026 KW - Fire tests KW - Steel-reinforced concrete columns KW - Thermal constraint KW - Substructure method KW - Numerical simulation PY - 2026 AN - OPUS4-65431 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bulling, Jannis T1 - Application of the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) for numerical simulation of ultrasonic guided waves N2 - The application of waveguides for acoustic measuring technologies and the development of non-destructive evaluation techniques with guided ultrasonic waves for plate like materials like carbon fiber reinforced plastic shells and layered structures require a good understanding of acoustic wave propagation inside the material. The well-known Finite Element Method can be used for simulations, however at least for higher frequencies, the ratio of wavelength and geometrical dimension demands a time-consuming fine grid. Using commercial simulation tools the computational costs increase considerably for ultrasonic frequencies. In the recent years, the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing has developed a very efficient alternative for simulating acoustic wave propagation particularly in wave guides by extending the Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method (SBFEM). The SBFEM as a semi-analytical method has one main advantage over the classical Finite Element Method: It only demands a discretization of the boundary instead of the whole domain. This is pictured in the figures below. The method is still related to the Finite Element Method and uses their well-known solving strategies. SBFEM is shown to be highly efficient, especially in the frequency domain. Additionally, the efficiency can be increased by using higher-order spectral elements. In plates and cylinders, the SBFEM can be used to animate propagating modes and computes their wavenumber. In this contribution, we present a short introduction into the basics of SBFEM formulation of the dynamic elastic wave equation. The applicability and efficiency of the approach is demonstrated by applying the method to layered structures and different wave guide geometries. As one example we present the wave propagation in a typical adhesive joint of different metal sheets as common in new designs in automotive industry. The analysis comprises the computation of dispersion curves as starting point of every development of non-destructive testing techniques for inspecting such structures as well as the analysis of the propagating modes. Additional examples presented handle special cases for axis-symmetric geometries, such as pipes and cylindrical rods which are common in various acoustic measurement applications. T2 - Sensor + Test CY - Nürnberg, Germany DA - 30.05.2017 KW - Ultrasound KW - Guided waves KW - Numerical simulation KW - Scaled boundary finite element method PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-41879 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Köppe, Enrico T1 - Application of the inertial navigation system 3D-self-calibration-method for the minimization of the measurement uncertainty T2 - LBS 2014 - 11th International Symposium on Location Based Services CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 2014-11-26 PY - 2014 N1 - Geburtsname von Köppe, Tabea: Wilk, T. - Birth name of Köppe, Tabea: Wilk, T. AN - OPUS4-32415 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert T1 - Application of the Hilbert-Huang Transform for the impact-echo data analysis T2 - TRB 85th Annual Meeting, AFF40(1) Sub-Committee Meeting CY - Washington, D.C., USA DA - 2006-01-22 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-14355 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Golze, Manfred T1 - Application of the EU Drinking Water Directive in PT T2 - 5th Workshop Proficiency Testing in Analytical Chemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine - Current Practice and Future Directions CY - Portorož, Slovenia DA - 2005-09-26 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11359 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosemann, Paul T1 - Application of the electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation method on martensitic stainless steels N2 - The double loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) method is a standardised procedure for detecting and quantifying sensitisation on austenitic, ferritic and ferritic-austenitic stainless-steel grades. This sensitisation is caused by microstructural alternations, as the formation of chromium carbides, nitrides or sigma-phases, which generate local chromium depleted zones nearby. The latter strongly influence the corrosion resistance and the electrochemical response of a stainless steel during electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation, providing important information on the degree of chromium depletion. In case of martensitic stainless steels, which are used for cutlery and surgical instruments, the heat treatment has a strong impact on the microstructure, the material properties and especially on the corrosion resistance. To study this interaction, the EPR method was modified for the application on martensitic stainless steels with about 13 wt.-% chromium. Different H2SO4 concentrations and EPR-parameters were tested and compared on two standard martensitic stainless-steel grades (AISI 420 A / X20Cr13 and AISI 420 C / X46Cr13) to define applicable parameters. Afterwards, these parameters were used to study the effect of austenitisation time and cooling rate on the corrosion resistance of both martensitic stainless steels. The response of both alloys was different due to the different carbon levels, which will be explained by microstructural investigations in detail. All results allow postulating a process window, in which chromium depletion is suppressed and an optimised corrosion resistance is guaranteed. Based on this research, the modified EPR-test is now used to control the heat treatment and its impact on the corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels in the cutlery industry. The EPR-test is thus an interesting alternative for manufacturers, processors, users and researchers to the time-consuming exposition test normally used to characterise the corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels. T2 - Electrochemical Methods in Corrosion Research 2018 CY - Cambridge, UK DA - 22.07.2018 KW - EPR KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Heat treatment KW - Stainless steels KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion testing KW - Martensitic stainless steels PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45613 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kupsch, Andreas T1 - Application of the DIRECTT Algorithm to Sub-Nanometer Electron Tomography T2 - International Symposium on Digital Industrial Radiology and Computed Tomography (DIR 2011) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2011-06-20 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24117 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Duarte, Larissa T1 - Application of the cyclic R-curve analysis to determine the Kitagawa-Takahashi Diagram N2 - The fatigue limit of metallic materials corresponds to the maximum stress below which all microcracks that were originally able to grow still arrest. In technical alloys, microcracks are normally initiated at material defects. As a result, the fatigue limit of these materials is a function of the defect size. The Kitagawa-Takahashi Diagram (KT-diagram) provides a useful description of this dependency. However, the established methods for its determination are associated with great uncertainties, especially in the technically interesting region corresponding to the short crack regime. In addition, the effect of crack closure and the influence of local stresses are not considered. For this reason, short crack models offer a better alternative for estimating KT-diagrams. In this work, a methodology is presented that incorporates the determination of the fatigue limit based on crack arrest (cyclic R-curve analysis). The crack driving force is determined by FE simulations, while the increase in material resistance with cyclic crack propagation in the region of physically short cracks is described experimentally by the cyclic R-curve. To validate the procedure, fatigue limit tests based on the staircase method are carried out on smooth and notched specimens with 3 different notch sizes. Furthermore, tests are carried out on a low-alloyed steel with two different heat treatments for considering different strengths. The experimental results are compared with the simulations and the possible differences are discussed. T2 - 5th International Symposium on Fatigue Design and Material Defects CY - Trento, Italy DA - 14.05.2025 KW - Fatigue limit KW - Material defects KW - Kitagawa-Takahashi Diagram KW - Cyclic R-curve analysis PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63144 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lugovtsova, Yevgeniya T1 - Application of Temperature Compensation Strategies for Ultrasonic Guided Waves to Distributed Sensor Networks N2 - The application of temperature compensation strategies is crucial in structural health monitoring approaches based on guided waves. Actually, the varying temperature influences the performance of the inspection system inducing false alarms or missed detection, with a consequent reduction of reliability and impact on probability of detection (POD). This paper quantitatively describes two different methods to compensate the temperature effect, namely the optimal baseline selection (OBS) and the baseline signal stretch (BSS) extending their application to the case of a distributed sensor networks (DSN). This latter introduces a number of possible data to explore compensation strategies which do not necessarily returns univocal results. Hence, a decision framework is needed, which takes into consideration multiple ultrasonic time traces with different arrival times and amplitude. In detail, the effect of temperature separation between baseline time-traces in OBS are investigated considering multiple couples of sensors employed in the DSN. A combined strategy that uses both OBS and a frequent value warning is introduced to find the more probable temperature with increasing reliability of the assessment. The same procedure is applied using the BSS algorithm. Finally, the use of both approaches is introduced, comparing the capability of the mixed algorithm to correctly sort temperature information from OBS and then apply the BSS combining the frequent value warning to have a unique correction all over the DSN. Theoretical results are compared, using data from two several experiments, which use different frequency analysis with either predominantly A0 mode or S0 mode data or both. The focus is given on the fact that different paths are available in a sensor network and several possible combinations of results are available. Nonetheless, introducing a frequent value warning it is possible to increase the efficiency of the OBS and BSS approaches making use of fewer signal processing algorithms. These confirm that the performance of OBS quantitatively agrees with predictions. In addition, the possibility to combine BSS approached also demonstrates that the use of compensation strategies improves detectability and localization of damage even in a DSN. This result can be used to improve the SHM system reliability, with promising perspectives in increasing POD. T2 - ASME 2022 49th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE2022) CY - San Diego, CA, USA DA - 25.07.2022 KW - Performance assessment KW - Elastic waves KW - Structural Health Monitoring PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55427 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Traub, Heike T1 - Application of synthetic calibration samples for the analysis of pure copper using femtosecond LA-ICP-MS T2 - 9th European Workshop on laser ablation in elemental and isotopic analysis CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2008-07-07 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17541 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hüsken, Götz T1 - Application of Steel Fibres in Alkali-Activated Mortars N2 - Alkali-activated materials are ideal for the repair of concrete structures in harsh environmental conditions due to their high durability in chemically aggressive environments. However, slag-based mortars, in particular, are prone to shrinkage and associated cracks. In this respect, the application of steel fibres is one solution to reduce the formation of shrinkage induced cracks and to improve post cracking behaviour of these mortars. This study investigated the influence of two different types of steel fibres on the tensile properties of two alkali-activated mortars. Direct tensile tests and single fibre pull-outs were performed to analyse the determining failure modes both on macro and micro scale. Mechanical testing was accompanied by non-destructive testing methods such as digital image correlation and acoustic emission for a detailed analysis of the fracture process. T2 - 14th International Conference on Local Mechanical Properties CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 06.11.2019 KW - Steel fibres KW - Alkali-activated materials KW - Tensile strength KW - Fibre pull-out PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49578 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gojani, Ardian T1 - Application of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy for chemical analysis based on Raman and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy N2 - Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy (SHS) is a spectrometric technique that combines both dispersive and interferometric features into a customizable instrument. The Basis of SHS is a Michelson interferometer with its mirrors replaced by diffraction gratings and with no moving parts. The output signal from SHS is the interferogram, which is recorded with a 1D or 2D pixel array detector. The spatial periodicity of the fringes on the interferogram is a function of the wavelength of the diffracted light. Using the Fast Fourier Transform, the original optical spectrum that enters SHS is retrieved. The light that is analyzed by SHS can come from a variety of sources. In our work, we used Raman scattering and Laser-Induced Plasma to perform quantitative and qualitative analyses. Figure 1 compares the performance of the SHS with that of high Resolution echelle and portable low-resolution asymmetrically crossed Czerny-Turner spectrometers (OO in Fig.1). The analyzed light came from the plasma induced on a stainless-steel reference material. The SHS exhibits the resolution comparable to that of the echelle spectrometer used, about 8000. Due to a high throughput of the SHS (theoretically, ~200 times higher than that of grating instruments), the number of spectra needed to be accumulated for comparable signal-to-noise ratios is much smaller than in the case of the echelle and comparable to OO spectrometers. Examples of Raman SHS applied to several pure liquids are given in Fig. 2. Raman SHS was used in three different settings: (i) for classification of six types of oils, (ii) for univariate/multivariate analysis of binary mixture cyclohexane-isopropanol, and (iii) for multivariate analysis of glycerol solution in water. For the last two settings, chemometric analysis of the spectra yielded linear calibration plots over the range 1-90% of concentrations of isopropanol in cyclohexane, and 0.5-10% of glycerol in water. T2 - ANAKON 2019 CY - Münster, Germany DA - 25.03.2019 KW - Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Laser-Induced Background Spectroscopy PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49176 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana T1 - Application of Solvent-free Sample Preparation for LC/MALDI-MS Coupling T2 - 52nd ASMS Conference CY - Nashville, TN, USA DA - 2004-05-23 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-4344 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Traub, Heike T1 - Application of solution doped powder pellets for the analysis of pure copper using Plasma Profiling TOFMS T2 - 16. Anwendertreffen "Analytische Glimmentladungsspektrometrie" 2013 CY - Duisburg, Germany DA - 2013-04-24 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28779 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grohmann, Maria T1 - Application of Reverse-Time Migration to Ultrasonic Echo Data in Nondestructive Testing N2 - Ultrasonic echo testing is widely used in non-destructive testing to investigate concrete structures as well as to locate built-in components or inhomogeneities. Currently, Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique algorithms (SAFT) are used for imaging. These algorithms are highly developed but have some limitations. It is not possible to image the lower boundary of tendon ducts or vertical reflectors. We adopted a geophysical imaging technique, the Reverse Time Migration (RTM), to non-destructive testing in order to improve the imaging of complicated structures in concrete. By using the entire wavefield there are fewer limitations compared to SAFT. In a first step, simulations for polyamide and concrete structures were performed by using a 2D acoustic finite difference code. The simulations were followed by experiments at a polyamide specimen. Here we were able to determine shape and size of boreholes with a sufficient accuracy. After these successful tests we carried out experiments at a reinforced concrete foundation slab. The reconstruction of the structure of the lower boundary of the slab was improved and vertical reflectors inside the slab were imaged clearly. These tests on polyamide and concrete showed that RTM is a step forward for ultrasonic testing. However we observed migration artifacts and difficulties in imaging 3D structures. In a second step we implemented a 2D elastic RTM code, since for our ultrasonic measurements elastic waves are emitted. The modeling code is included in the Madagascar software package. The required computing power for performing elastic RTM is significantly high. Thus we need appropriate computer hardware to obtain meaningful results within an adequate time frame. Using our hardware RTM of an ultrasonic data set takes far too long (3 months). We applied the elastic code to ultrasonic data acquired on a concrete specimen which contains vertical reflectors. A comparison of the acoustic RTM results with those obtained by elastic RTM showed an improvement in the image quality. Future work includes the analysis of RTM artifacts and the expansion of the algorithm to three dimensions. Another topic to be addressed is to how to account for the size of the ultrasonic transducer arrays which we are using. T2 - Future Soc Lab Day am Hasso Plattner Institut CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 25.04.2017 KW - Ultrasonic Echo Technique KW - Nondestructive Testing PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-40036 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Brink, Arne T1 - Application of quantitative impulse thermography for structural evaluation in civil engineering - comparison of experimental results and numerical simulations T2 - QIRT 2002 CY - Dubrovnik, Croatia DA - 2002-09-24 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3307 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Takahashi, Kazunori T1 - Application of POD to complex industrial problems: New approaches T2 - Review of Progress in Quantitative NDE CY - Chicago, IL, USA DA - 2008-07-20 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18536 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pfeifer, Jens T1 - Application of Plasmasource Spectrometry for the characterization of pure zinc matrices T2 - European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY - Münster, Germany DA - 2015-02-22 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-32568 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heinrich, Hans-Joachim T1 - Application of palladium as a chemical modifier in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with glassy carbon platforms T2 - CSI XXIX Post Symposium Electrothermal Atomization in Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy CY - Ulm, Germany DA - 1995-09-03 PY - 1995 AN - OPUS4-15930 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Perret, William T1 - Application of numercial welding simulation in car body construction - possibilities and limits T2 - Automotive Circle International - Fügen im Karosseriebau 2011 CY - Bad Nauheim, Germany DA - 2011-04-12 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23587 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Application of numercial welding simulation for distortion optimisation of beam weld parts T2 - AKL 08, International Laser Technology Congress CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 2008-05-07 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17765 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Segebade, Christian T1 - Application of nuclide-excited EDXRS in the recycling progress of photovoltaic CdTe-modules T2 - European Conference on X-Ray Spectrometry (EXRS 2004) CY - Alghero, Italy DA - 2004-06-06 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-6001 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Verhassel, A. T1 - Application of novel tumor cell glycan-specific nanoprobes for detecting and targeting breast and prostate cancer N2 - Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that is involved in the regulation of many biological processes. The glycosylation pattern in cancer cells differs from that in normal cells. One of the main alterations that has been observed in several cancers is the increase of sialic acids at the end of the glycan. The increase of sialic acids and other alterations affect development and progression of tumors and are found to play an important role in cancer invasiveness and metastasis. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic recognition elements that show high selectivity and affinity for their targets. These polymers show promising applications in detection methods for cancer cells. In this study newly synthesized MIPs, labelled with a nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) fluorophore, are investigated for their specificity and utility in the detection of cancer cell-related sialic acids. T2 - Biomarkers – methods and technologies CY - Malmö, Sweden DA - 25.10.2018 KW - Nanoparticles KW - MIPs KW - Cancer PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46490 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erhard, Anton T1 - Application of Nondestructive Testing - Methods for Packaging Examination T2 - 25th IAPRI Symposium on Packaging, international association of packaging research institutes (IAPRI) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2011-05-16 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23899 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sugiyama, Kaori T1 - Application of new sample introduction systems for single cells based on direct injection and laser ablation T2 - 2012 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY - Tucson, AZ, USA DA - 2012-01-09 PY - 2012 N1 - Geburtsname von Sugiyama, Kaori: Shigeta, K. - Birth name of Sugiyama, Kaori: Shigeta, K. N1 - Geburtsname von Müller, Larissa: Wäntig, L. - Birth name of Müller, Larissa: Wäntig, L. AN - OPUS4-25371 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert T1 - Application of NDT to nuclear structures N2 - The presentation is #4 of the lecture series within the CE5390 NDT&E Course at the “University of Texas at El Paso”, USA (UTEP): 1. Application of NDT to Transportation Infrastructure 2. Application of NDT to Pavements 3. Application of NDT to Tunnels 4. Application of NDT to Nuclear Structures 5. Ultrasonic Methods 6. Electrical Resistivity (ER) 7. Galvanostatic Pulse Measurement (GPM) 8. Half-Cell Potential (HCP) 9. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to Infrastructure 10. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to Pavements 11. Impact Echo (IE)/Ultrasonic Surface Waves (USW) 12. Infrared Thermography (IR) 13. Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) 14. Ultrasonic Tomography (UST) 15. Falling Weight Deflectometer/Light Weight Deflectometer 16. Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave 17. Traffic Speed Deflectometer 18. Integrity of Foundations 19. Integration of Technologies Applications of NDT for nuclear structures are presented with an overview over the special challenges for NDE in this area. The lecture was held as a webinar on August 29, 2017 T2 - Webinar UTEP CE 5390 Special Topics Civil Engineering CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 31.08.2017 KW - Non-destructive testing in civil engineering KW - Nuclear structures PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-41810 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane T1 - Application of NDT and MDT methods to the assessment of historical structures - case studies of the EC project ONSITEFORMASONRY T2 - EC Clustering Workshop "Protecting Europs Cultural Heritage through EU technological research" CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 2004-09-01 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5212 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ried, Peter T1 - Application of nanopowders as SOFC cathode layers T2 - DKG-Jahrestagung u. Symposium Hochleistungskeramik CY - Hermsdorf (Thuringia), Germany DA - 2010-03-22 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21145 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Elert, Anna Maria T1 - Application of NanoIR interdisciplinary research at BAM N2 - Atomic force microscopy based Infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) is a quickly evolving technique that provides chemical analysis and compositional mapping with spatial resolution far below conventional optical diffraction limits. This is possible since the detection method is based on a very sharp AFM tip which starts to oscillate when the sample starts to thermally expand (the changed is caused by the absorption of IR wavelength) where the thermal expansion is related to the IR absorption. This presentation briefly described the application of that new technique from polymer characterization and utilization of AFM-IR in material research, up to life science applications. T2 - AFM-IR Workshop: Nanoscale IR Spectroscopy CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 29.11.2017 KW - NanoIR KW - AFM KW - Composite KW - Polyurethane PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43221 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heinrich, Hans-Joachim T1 - Application of Methane as a Gaseous Modifier for the Determination of Silicon Using ET AAS T2 - European Symposium on Atomic Spectrometry ESAS 2010 CY - Wroclaw, Poland DA - 2010-09-05 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21789 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erhard, Anton T1 - Application of longitudinal creeping waves with special emphasis on practical aspects T2 - Vortragsveranstaltung an der Drexel University CY - Philadelphia, PA, USA DA - 1985-11-01 PY - 1985 AN - OPUS4-18828 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hampel, Marco T1 - Application of localized electrochemical methods to the analysis of microbiologically influenced corrosion N2 - The corrosion of stainless steel components is a problem of global scale, economically as well as in regards to the safety of industrial equipment and facilities. With microorganisms involved (microbial influenced corrosion, MIC), the problem becomes more complex. Iron reducing bacteria (IRB) for example accelerate the corrosion of iron based materials like stainless steel via the reduction of iron oxides in the passive layer. When co-cultivated with iron oxidizing bacteria, IRBs can induce deep, heterogeneously distributed pits on stainless steel surfaces. The analysis of localized corrosion – or pitting corrosion – is of great relevance since it can lead to unpredictable material failure. In general, macroscopic electrochemical methods are not capable of providing information about the spatial heterogeneity of a sample and thus need to be complemented by multi-electrode based techniques or scanning electrochemical methods. The aim of this work is to develop methods for the analysis of localized corrosion, on stainless steel surfaces induced by IRB biofilms. The greatest challenge is to address the complexity of two heterogeneous systems at the metal/biofilm interface. First there is the variation in the passive layer composition and microstructure. Secondly, the microbial biofilm with its heterogeneous tree-dimensional structure resulting in local differential aeration cells and electrochemical parameters. To be able to differentiate between individual effects, artificial biofilms mimicking the physical properties of a natural biofilm are used in this study as model systems. This artificial biofilm is applied on a multi-electrode probe to identify local anodic sites during exposure experiments. The detailed analysis of active sites by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) allows the investigation of local properties within the biofilm and its immediate vicinity. The presented analytical approach delivers promising results in clarifying how localized corrosion of stainless steels develops chronologically and spatially in the presence of IRBs. Furthermore, our results on model systems provide the basis for the application of the methodology for the investigation of natural or multi-species biofilms in the future. T2 - Electrochemistry 2016 CY - Goslar, Germany DA - 26.09.2016 KW - MIC KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion KW - Scanning electrochemical microscope KW - Multielectrode assemblies PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38198 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Application of Lifetime Management for mechanical Systems, Structures and Components (SSC) in Nuclear Power Plants T2 - Technical Meeting on Current Trends on Nuclear Reactor Safety Aspects and Their Uses in the Development of an Update of the Regulatory Approach - Seventh Mission - November 2008 CY - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil DA - 2008-11-15 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18176 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völker, Tobias T1 - Application of LIBS to identify construction and demolition waste for circular economy N2 - Responsible treatment of the environment and resources is a key element of sustainability. The building and construction industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources. Consequently, there is a particular need for regulations and technologies that help to create closed material cycles. From the technological point of view, such efforts are complicated by the growing material diversity and the amount of composites contained in present and future construction and demolition waste (CDW). Nowadays, simple but proven techniques like manual sorting are mainly used. However, this practice not only poses health risks and dangers to the staff performing the work, but also relies on merely obvious, visually striking differences. Automated, sensor-based sorting of these building materials could complement or replace this practice to improve processing speed, recycling rates, sorting quality, and prevailing health conditions. The preliminary results for the identification of a wide variety of building materials with LIBS are presented. T2 - XII Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS 2022) CY - Bari, Italy DA - 04.09.2022 KW - LIBS KW - Construction and demolition waste KW - Circular economy PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55679 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Application of LIBS in civil engineering – status, trends and challenges N2 - The main application of LIBS in civil engineering is the detection of harmful ions in concrete, which can penetrate the component through the porous concrete structure. The advantages of LIBS over standard methods are the possibility of multi-element analysis, measurement speed, spatially resolved measurements, and minimal sample preparation. The spatially resolved measurements of LIBS allow the assessment of the heterogeneity of the concrete by measuring separately the chemical composition of the aggregates and the binder matrix. The latter is particularly relevant because the determined elemental distribution can be directly related to the binder matrix. This is not possible with standard methods, since the material is homogenized to powder during sample preparation stage and the determined concentration is thus related to the total mass. In addition to the use of LIBS for the specific analysis of individual harmful ions, LIBS can also be used to estimate the concrete composition and thus determine, for example, the type of cement used. Corresponding information are relevant for the estimation of the remaining service life and for the preparation of a maintenance concept. In recent years, LIBS has been increasingly used in civil engineering. Currently, however, it is primarily used in research institutions and only occasionally in building materials laboratories. Special commercial devices have also been developed, which greatly simplify the application due to the high degree of automation. Mobile LIBS systems allow on-site application. A central point, which limits the use of LIBS in the commercial sector, is the lack of norms and standards. Therefore, within the framework of a project funded by the German government, work has been carried out on the preparation of a leaflet on quantitative chlorine determination in concrete, which will be published this year. In interlaboratory comparisons the robustness and accuracy for the practical application was demonstrated. LIBS also has great potential in the recycling of construction waste in conjunction with hyperspectral sensors. This issue is currently being addressed in a national project. During the presentation, the state of the art of LIBS in civil engineering will be presented, next steps will be discussed, and future challenges will be outlined. T2 - XII international conference on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS 2022) CY - Bari, Italy DA - 04.09.2022 KW - LIBS KW - Concrete KW - Chlorine KW - Civil engineering PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56535 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Schaurich, Dieter A1 - Wöstmann, Jens T1 - Application of LIBS in civil engineering for the analysis of concrete N2 - Our aim is the application of LIBS as a simple, quasi on-line method for the non-destructive testing of concrete. Concrete is naturally inhomogeneous. Therefore we must take into account the local variation of the element composition using a statistical analysis. Depending on how much cement and aggregate is measured with each laser pulse, a scan on the surface of a concrete specimen produces a distribution of points in the Rankin diagram which is used to characterise the concrete. T2 - First International Conference on Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy and Applications CY - Tirrenia, Italy DA - 08.10.2000 KW - Element composition KW - Statistical analysis KW - Rankin diagramm PY - 2000 AN - OPUS4-36539 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Application of LIBS for the chemical investigation of concrete infrastructure N2 - The majority of the built infrastructure is made of concrete, which is a multiphase system made of cement, aggregates, water and pores (every year nearly 4 billion tons of cement are produced which is largest mass flow generated by mankind). Concrete is often used in combination with steel as reinforced concrete. Environmental influences, especially the ingress of harmful ions in combination with the ingress of water, trigger different damage processes which reduce the designed lifetime of a structure. The ingress of chlorides from de-icing salt or sea water leads to corrosion of the reinforcement. Also the carbonation of the concrete may trigger the corrosion of the reinforcement. The ingress of alkalis from de-icing salts may cause the expansion of the amorphous silica aggregates (alkali-silica reaction) through formation of a swelling gel of calcium silicate hydrate if water is present. The ingress of sulfates may cause spalling of the concrete surface due to ett-ringite formation. For the standard procedure in civil engineering cores are taken, cut in slices, grinded and the obtained homogenized powder is solved in acid and investigated by standard procedures. BAM has developed the LIBS technique for the 2D evaluation of the chemical composition of concrete [1-5]. The technique is established for automated laborato-ry use with high numbers of samples to investigate transport processes of harmful species (Cl-, CO2, SO42- and alkalis) in concrete. Information about ingress depth and the quantitative values are important to estimate the remaining lifetime of the infrastructure. LIBS is a surface technique. To get information about the ingress depth, a core has to be taken and cut in the middle. The measurements are carried out at the cross section. The main advantages of LIBS are the direct measure-ment on the surface of the concrete, fast analysis (sample rate 100 Hz) with a spatial resolution of up to 100 μm, the consideration of the heterogeneity of the concrete and the possibility of automated measurements which save a lot of man-power and time. As an example the investigation of ingress profiles for standard diffusion and migration tests in civil engi-neering takes hours in comparison to just a few minutes using LIBS. At the same time a 2D-evaluation provides information about hot spots of elemental concentration which may not be found by standard methods. The state of the art of LIBS technique for applications in civil engineering will be presented, including typical results of 2D investigation of concrete in laboratory. The performance is also demonstrated by examples for on-site applications using a mobile LIBS system. The road map to standardization is presented as well. T2 - 9th Euro-Mediterranean Symposium on LIBS / Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale XL CY - Pisa, Italy DA - 12.06.2017 KW - ASR KW - LIBS KW - Concrete KW - Chlorid KW - Carbonation PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43194 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Application of LIBS for the chemical investigation of concrete infrastructure N2 - Overview about LIBS applications in civil engineering T2 - Structural Faults + Repair-2018 CY - Edinburgh, UK DA - 15.05.2018 KW - On-site measurements KW - LIBS KW - Concrete KW - Chloride KW - Sulfates PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46948 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Application of LIBS for the chemical investigation of concrete infrastructure N2 - Concrete is often used in combination with steel as reinforced concrete. Environmental influences, especially the ingress of harmful ions in combination with the ingress of water, trigger different damage processes which reduce the designed lifetime of a structure. The ingress of chlorides from de-icing salt or sea water leads to corrosion of the reinforcement. Also the carbonation of the concrete may trigger the corrosion of the reinforcement. The ingress of alkalis from de-icing salts may cause the expansion of the amorphous silica aggregates (alkali-silica reaction) through formation of a swelling gel of calcium silicate hydrate if water is present. The ingress of sulfates may cause spalling of the concrete surface due to ettringite formation. BAM has developed the LIBS technique for automated laboratory use with high numbers of samples to investigate transport processes of harmful species (Cl-, CO2, SO42- and alkalis) in concrete. Information about ingress depth and the quantitative values are important to estimate the remaining lifetime of the infrastructure. To get information about the ingress depth, a core has to be taken and cut in the middle. The measurements are carried out at the cross section. The main advantages of LIBS are the direct measurement on the surface of the concrete, fast analysis (sample rate 100 Hz) with a spatial resolution of up to 100 µm, the consideration of the heterogeneity of the concrete. The possibility of automated measurements saves a lot of manpower and time. At the same time a 2D-evaluation provides information about hot spots of elemental concentration which may not be found by standard methods. Typical results of 2D investigation of concrete in laboratory will be presented. The performance is also demonstrated by examples for onsite applications using a mobile LIBS system. The road map to standardization is presented as well. T2 - 12th ECNDT CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 11.06.2018 KW - LIBS KW - Concrete KW - Chloride KW - Sulfates KW - Heterogeneity PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46828 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Application of LIBS for the chemical investigation of concrete infrastructure N2 - The majority of the built infrastructure is made of concrete, which is a multiphase system made of cement, aggregates, water and pores. Concrete is often used in combination with steel as reinforced concrete. Environmental influences, especially the ingress of harmful ions in combination with the ingress of water, trigger different damage processes which reduce the designed lifetime of a structure. The ingress of chlorides from de-icing salt or sea water leads to corrosion of the reinforcement. Also the carbonation of the concrete may trigger the corrosion of the reinforcement. The ingress of alkalis from de-icing salts may cause the expansion of the amorphous silica aggregates (alkali-silica reaction) through formation of a swelling gel of calcium silicate hydrate if water is present. The ingress of sulfates may cause spalling of the concrete surface due to ettringite formation. For the standard procedure in civil engineering cores are taken, cut in slices, grinded and the obtained homogenized powder is solved in acid and investigated by standard procedures. BAM has developed the LIBS technique for the 2D evaluation of the chemical composition of concrete [1-11]. The technique is established for automated laboratory use with high numbers of samples to investigate transport processes of harmful species (Cl-, CO2, SO42- and alkalis) in concrete. Information about ingress depth and the quantitative values are important to estimate the remaining lifetime of the infrastructure. LIBS is a surface technique. To get information about the ingress depth, a core has to be taken and cut in the middle. The measurements are carried out at the cross section. The main advantages of LIBS are the direct measurement on the surface of the concrete, fast analysis (sample rate 100 Hz) with a spatial resolution of up to 100 µm, the consideration of the heterogeneity of the concrete and the possibility of automated measurements which save a lot of manpower and time. As an example the investigation of ingress profiles for standard diffusion and migration tests in civil engineering takes hours in comparison to just a few minutes using LIBS. At the same time a 2D-evaluation provides information about hot spots of elemental concentration which may not be found by standard methods. Ingress of chlorides due to a crack in a repair mortar. Left: Photo of the cross section of a concrete core and the surface investigated by LIBS (area 70 mm x 70 mm). Right: Color coded chlorine intensity on the cross section of a concrete core, dark red represents high chlorine content. The state of the art of LIBS technique for applications in civil engineering will be presented, including typical results of 2D investigation of concrete in laboratory. The performance is also demonstrated by examples for onsite applications using a mobile LIBS system. The road map to standardization is presented as well. T2 - ICCRRR2018, 5th international conference on Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting CY - Cape Town, South Africa DA - 19.11.2018 KW - LIBS KW - Chlorid KW - Alkalies KW - Concrete KW - Damage PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46781 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rolle, Annette A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor A1 - Neumeyer, Tino A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Application of leakage rates measured on scaled cask or component models to the package containment safety assessment N2 - The containment systems of transport casks for spent fuel and high radioactive waste usually include bolted lids with metallic or elastomeric seals. The mechanical and thermal loadings associated with the routine, normal and accident conditions of transport can have a significant effect on the leak tightness of such containment system. Scaled cask models are often used for providing the required mechanical and thermal tests series. Leak tests have been conducted on those models. It is also common practice to use scaled component tests to investigate the influence of deformations or displacements of the lids and the seals on the standard leakage rate as well as to study the temperature and time depending alteration of the seals. In this paper questions of the transferability of scaled test results to the full size design of the containment system will be discussed. T2 - ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference CY - Prag, Czech Republic DA - 15.08 2018 KW - Containment KW - Spent fuel KW - Leakage rate PY - 2018 VL - 7 SP - PVP2018-84089, 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-46533 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rolle, Annette A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor A1 - Neumeyer, Tino A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Application of leakage rates measured on scaled cask or component models to the package containment safety assessment N2 - The mechanical and thermal loadings associated with the routine, normal and accident conditions of transport can have a significant effect on the leak tightness of the containment system of transport casks for spent fuel and high radioactive waste. The containment systems of such transport casks usually include bolted lids with metallic or elastomeric seals. Scaled cask models are often used for providing the required mechanical and thermal tests series. Leak tests have been conducted on those models. It is common practice to use scaled component tests to investigate the influence of deformations or displacements of the lids and the seals on the standard leakage rate as well as to study the temperature and time depending alteration of the seals. In this paper questions and open points of the transferability of scaled test results to the fullscale design of the containment system will be discussed. T2 - 11th International Conference on the Transport, Storage and Disposal of Radioactive Materials CY - London, UK DA - 15. Mai 2018 KW - Transport packages KW - Radioactve KW - Seals KW - Leakage rate PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46734 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rolle, Annette T1 - Application of leakage rates measured on scaled cask or component models to the package containment safety assessment N2 - The containment systems of transport and storage casks for spent fuel and highlevelradioactive waste usually include bolted lids with metallic or elastomeric seals. The mechanical and thermal loadings associated with the routine, normal and accident conditions of transport can have a significant effect on the leak tightness of such containment system. Scaled cask models are often used for providing the required mechanical and thermal tests series.Leak tests have been conducted on those models. It is also common practice to use scaled component tests to investigate the influence of deformations or displacements of the lids and the seals on the standard leakage rate as well as to study the temperature and time depending alteration of the seals. In this paper questions of the transferability of scaled test results to the full size design of the containment system will be discussed. T2 - PATRAM 2019 CY - New Orleans, USA DA - 04.08.2019 KW - Leakage rate KW - Transport packages KW - Seals KW - Radioaktive PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49052 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the chemical investigation of concrete infrastructure N2 - The majority of the built infrastructure is made of concrete, which is a multiphase system made of cement, aggregates, water and pores (every year nearly 4 billion tons of cement are produced which is largest mass flow generated by mankind). Concrete is often used in combination with steel as reinforced concrete. Environmental influences, especially the ingress of harmful ions in combination with the ingress of water, trigger different damage processes which reduce the designed lifetime of a structure. The ingress of chlorides from de-icing salt or sea water leads to corrosion of the reinforcement. Also the carbonation of the concrete may trigger the corrosion of the reinforcement. The ingress of alkalis from de-icing salts may cause the expansion of the amorphous silica aggregates (alkali-silica reaction) through formation of a swelling gel of calcium silicate hydrate if water is present. The ingress of sulfates may cause spalling of the concrete surface due to ettringite formation. For the standard procedure in civil engineering cores are taken, cut in slices, grinded and the obtained homogenized powder is solved in acid and investigated by standard procedures. BAM has developed the LIBS technique for the 2D evaluation of the chemical composition of concrete [1-11]. The technique is established for automated laboratory use with high numbers of samples to investigate transport processes of harmful species (Cl-, CO2, SO42- and alkalis) in concrete. Information about ingress depth and the quantitative values are important to estimate the remaining lifetime of the infrastructure. LIBS is a surface technique. To get information about the ingress depth, a core has to be taken and cut in the middle. The measurements are carried out at the cross section. The main advantages of LIBS are the direct measurement on the surface of the concrete, fast analysis (sample rate 100 Hz) with a spatial resolution of up to 100 µm, the consideration of the heterogeneity of the concrete and the possibility of automated measurements which save a lot of manpower and time. As an example the investigation of ingress profiles for standard diffusion and migration tests in civil engineering takes hours in comparison to just a few minutes using LIBS. At the same time a 2D-evaluation provides information about hot spots of elemental concentration which may not be found by standard methods. Ingress of chlorides due to a crack in a repair mortar. Left: Photo of the cross section of a concrete core and the surface investigated by LIBS (area 70 mm x 70 mm). Right: Color coded chlorine intensity on the cross section of a concrete core, dark red represents high chlorine content. The state of the art of LIBS technique for applications in civil engineering will be presented, including typical results of 2D investigation of concrete in laboratory. The performance is also demonstrated by examples for onsite applications using a mobile LIBS system. The road map to standardization is presented as well. T2 - Optics and photonics international congress - Laser Solutions for Space and the Earth CY - Yokohama, Japan DA - 18.04.2017 KW - LIBS KW - Beton KW - On-site KW - Chloride PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43199 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eschlböck-Fuchs, S. A1 - Huber, N. A1 - Ahamer, C. M. A1 - Hechenberger, J. G. A1 - Kolmhofer, P. J. A1 - Heitz, J. A1 - Rössler, R. A1 - Demidov, Alexander A1 - Schmid, Thomas A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B. A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Pedarnig, J. D. T1 - Application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the analysis of slags in industrial steel production N2 - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a fast and versatile technique for (semi) quantitative element analysis of solids, liquids, gases, and particulate matter. The LIBS method is used for optical sensing in various branches of industrial production. In the contribution we review some of our recent results on LIBS analysis of slags from secondary metallurgy in industrial steel making. Major oxides in steel slags are measured at-line and after homogenization using a calibration-free (CF) method. Two approaches for CF analysis based on the Boltzmann plot method and on the calculation of synthetic spectra are compared for the analysis of quaternary oxides. We also present the research in cooperation with our industrial partners in the process-analytical chemistry network PAC. T2 - 11. Kolloquium Arbeitskreis Prozessanalytik CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 30.11.2015 KW - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) KW - Process analytical technology KW - Steel slag PY - 2015 PB - Plandruck+ Gesellschaft m.b.H. CY - Wien AN - OPUS4-39005 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eschlboeck-Fuchs, S T1 - Application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the analysis of slags in industria steel production T2 - 11. Kolloqium Prozessanalytik CY - Wien, Austria DA - 2015-11-30 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35167 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Application of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for the detection of hydrophobic coatings T2 - 9th International Conference and Exhibition "Structural Faults and Repair" CY - London, England DA - 2001-07-04 PY - 2001 AN - OPUS4-3335 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Giesen, Charlotte T1 - Application of labelled Antibodies for ICP-MS Detection T2 - FACSS 2010 CY - Raleigh, NC, USA DA - 2010-10-17 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22586 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Konchina, V. T1 - Application of ISO 5725-5725-6 for the validation of ultrasonic testing T2 - ECNDT 2006 9. Europäische Konferenz für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 PY - 2006 N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. AN - OPUS4-14321 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weise, Frank T1 - Application of innovative testing methods for the quasi non-destructive assessment of the material condition in hydraulic engineering structure T2 - SACoMaTiS 2008 First International RILEM Symposium CY - Varenna, Italy DA - 2008-09-01 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18494 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Voland, Katja T1 - Application of Innovative Measurement Techniques for Monitoring of ASR Induced Damage Processes in Concrete T2 - 8th fib PhD Symposium CY - Kongens Lyngby, Denmark DA - 2010-06-20 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21514 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane T1 - Application of Impulse Radar for Non-Destructive Investigation of Concrete Structures T2 - 9th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar 2002 - GPR 2002 CY - Santa Barbara, CA, USA DA - 2002-04-29 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3303 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sötebier, Carina T1 - Application of ICP-MS in the single particle mode and isotope dilution analysis on the example of silver nanoparticles N2 - Due to its simplicity, speed and ability to obtain a particle number size distribution, single particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS) has emerged as an important tool for the analysis of nanoparticles (NPs). However, when NPs are suspended in a complex, unknown solution, matrix effects can occur affecting the instrument’s sensitivity. As a result, an over- or underestimation of the particle size is possible. In this work, a proof-of-concept study of the combination of isotopic dilution analysis (IDA) and spICP-MS compensating for possible matrix effects is presented. As an example, an isotopically enriched 109Ag standard solution was added to silver NPs (Ag NP) suspensions. Different NP suspensions with mean particle diameters between 30 and 80 nm were chosen. The mixtures were analyzed using a quadrupole ICP-MS instrument. Both Ag isotopes (107Ag and 109Ag) were monitored during one experiment. The result show a good agreement with the diameters obtained using conventional spICP-MS. In a second step, the Ag NPs were suspended in a simulated seawater matrix. Using conventional spICP-MS, a great reduction in the signal intensities and consequently in the particle sizes, was monitored. The application of the IDA-spICP-MS approach on these samples was able to obtain similar diameters compared to the samples without matrix. T2 - Anwendertreffen Plasmaspektrometrie CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.02.2016 KW - Single particle ICP-MS KW - Silver nanoparticles KW - Isotope dilution analysis PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-35627 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Algernon, Daniel T1 - Application of Hilbert-Huang Transform for the Analysis of Impact-Echo Signals T2 - Review of Progress in Quantitative NDE, Bowdoin College CY - Brunswick, ME, USA DA - 2005-07-31 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11416 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plotnikov, Alexei T1 - Application of glow discharge mass spectrometry with "fast flow" source to the determination of impurities in refined magnesium using pressed powder samples T2 - Euroanalysis 2013 CY - Warsaw, Poland DA - 2013-08-25 PY - 2013 N1 - Geburtsname von Mieller, Björn: Brandt, B. - Birth name of Mieller, Björn: Brandt, B. AN - OPUS4-30356 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Application of Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry to the Multielement Ultra-Trace Determination in Ultrahigh Purity Copper and Iron - a Way of Calibration to Achieve Qualification and Traceability T2 - International Conference on Ultrahigh Purity Base Metals, UHPM 2005 CY - Nagasaki, Japan DA - 2005-11-07 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-10953 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pfeifer, Jens T1 - Application of glow discharge mass spectrometry for the analysis of high purity magnesium using pressed powder samples with different doping types T2 - 2nd International Glow Discharge Spectroscopy Symposium CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2014-04-06 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-31492 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane T1 - Application of georadar for the determination of moisture content and distribution in masonry T2 - Workshop of the RILEM Rechnical Committee 177MDT: Site control and non-destructive evaluation of masonry structures and materials CY - Mantua, Italy DA - 2001-11-13 PY - 2001 AN - OPUS4-3889 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Habel, Wolfgang T1 - Application of Fibre-Optic Sensors for Health Monitoring Purposes in Geo-Engineering (invited lecture) T2 - International Symposium on Optics in Geo-Engineering OSMG-4 2012 CY - Suzhou, China DA - 2012-10-11 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-27092 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Szymoniak, Paulina A1 - Kolmangadi, Mohamed A. A1 - Schönhals, Andreas T1 - Application of Fast Scanning Calorimetry in Soft Matter Research – Two Examples: 1. Polymers for Gas separation membranes 2. Ionic Liquid Crystals N2 - The application of fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) with heating rates in the range from 10 K/s to 10,000 K/s in soft matter research is discussed through two examples. In the first part, FSC is applied to polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs). No glass transition could be measured for these polymers by conventional calorimetry before their degradation. By decoupling the time scales of chemical degradation and the glass transition, it could be shown for the first time that PIMs undergo a glass transition. In the second part, FSC is applied to ionic liquid crystals to investigate their molecular mobility. In order to cover a broad dynamical range, FSC is combined with temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry, and temperature-modulated FSC. T2 - Colloqium at the physics department of the Charles university Prague CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 12.11.2024 KW - Fast Scanning Calorimetry PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61670 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Banach, Ulrich T1 - Application of Electronic Nose and Ion Mobility Spectrometer to Quality Control of Spice Mixtures T2 - International Symposium on Olfraction and Electronic Nose, Isoen 2009 CY - Brescia, Italy DA - 2009-04-15 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19444 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grohmann, Maria T1 - Application of Elastic Reverse Time Migration to Ultrasonic Echo Data in Civil Engineering N2 - The ultrasonic echo technique is widely used in non-destructive testing for investigation and damage analysis of concrete constructions. Important applications include thickness measurements, geometry determination, the localization and characterization of built-in components as well as the detection of quality issues (cracks, honeycombing, low concrete strength). To improve ultrasonic data imaging of complicated structures in concrete, we transferred a seismic migration technique, the Reverse Time Migration (RTM), to non-destructive testing in civil engineering. In a preliminary study, we tested a 2D acoustic RTM algorithm on measured ultrasonic echo data acquired at a concrete foundation slab. Compared to the conventional used synthetic aperture focusing technique algorithms (SAFT) for ultrasonic data reconstruction, our acoustic RTM results showed a significant improvement in imaging the interior structure of the concrete slab. Vertical reflectors were reconstructed which was not possible by traditional imaging. In contrast to SAFT, RTM is a wavefield-continuation method in time and uses the full wave equation. RTM is, thus, able to include multiple reflections and to handle multi-pathing as well as many other complex situations. As a drawback RTM requires extensive computing power and memory capacity. Nevertheless, due to progresses in parallel processing and other computational technologies RTM has become appealing for the application in the field of non-destructive testing. An RTM algorithm, which uses the full elastic wave equation instead of the full acoustic one (as applied in our preliminary work) has the potential to optimize the imaging results even further. This is due to the fact, that our ultrasonic measurement data are generated by exciting elastic waves. Thus, in a first step, two 2D elastic RTM algorithms were tested on synthetic ultrasonic echo data generated with a concrete model consisting of several steps and circular shaped air inclusions. In addition, two imaging conditions were evaluated to reduce migration artifacts. Our synthetic elastic RTM results showed an enhancement in imaging the features inside the test model compared to acoustic RTM and SAFT. In a second step, we acquired ultrasonic measurement data at a concrete test specimen consisting of three steps and four air filled tendon ducts. The evaluation of the real data with our elastic RTM code was also successful and the reconstruction of the geometries of the steps and tendon ducts could be improved. With our study we have shown that elastic RTM is a step forward for ultrasonic testing in civil engineering. T2 - NDT-CE 2022 CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 16.08.2022 KW - Ultrasonic Echo Technique KW - Reverse Time Migration KW - Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56113 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grohmann, Maria A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Buske, B. T1 - Application of Elastic Reverse Time Migration to Ultrasonic Echo Data in Civil Engineering N2 - To improve ultrasonic imaging of concrete structures, we transferred a seismic migration technique, the Reverse Time Migration (RTM), to non-destructive testing. A 2D elastic RTM algorithm was tested on synthetic ultrasonic echo data. Compared to the typically used synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) as well as our acoustic RTM algorithm, the presented elastic RTM results show an enhancement in imaging vertical reflectors and complex features inside the 2D numerical concrete model. T2 - The International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing in Civil Engineering CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 16.08.2022 KW - Ultrasonic Echo Technique KW - Reverse Time Migration KW - Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-561147 UR - https://www.ndt.net/article/ndtce2022/paper/60699_manuscript.pdf SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-56114 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Application of Duplex Stainless Steels in Civil Engineering T2 - Duplex Stainless Steels Conference & Exhitbition 2010 CY - Beaune, France DA - 2010-10-13 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21258 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fischer, Tobias T1 - Application of dual-mode XPS and fluorescence labels in the quantification of surface functional groups T2 - 15th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis 2013 (ECASIA'13) CY - Sardinia, Italy DA - 2013-10-13 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29566 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Steckert, Carsten T1 - Application of digital color image analysis for colorimetric quality evaluation of surface defects on paint coatings T2 - Proceedings of SPIE (International Society for Optical Engineering) CY - San José, CA, USA DA - 2001-01-23 PY - 2001 AN - OPUS4-3312 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - Application of Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) and spectroscopic techniques to analyze phosphorus in soils N2 - A wide range of analytical methods are used to estimate the plant-availability of soil phosphorus (P). Previous investigations showed that analytical methods based on the Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (DGT) technique provide a very good correlations to the amount of bioavailable nutrients and pollutants in environmental samples (Davison 2016, Vogel et al. 2017). However, the DGT results do not identify which P compound of the soil has the high bioavailability. But there are various spectroscopic techniques (infrared, Raman, P K-edge and L-edge XANES and P NMR spectroscopy) available to characterize P species in soils. Therefore, spectroscopic investigation of DGT binding layers after deployment allow us to determine the specific compounds. Nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen are often, together with other elements, present as molecules in the environment. These ions are detectable and distinguishable by infrared, P K- and L-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and NMR spectroscopy, respectively. Additionally, microspectroscopic techniques make it also possible to analyze P compounds on the DGT binding layer with a lateral resolution down to 1 μm2. Therefore, species of elements and compounds of e.g. a spatial soil segment (e.g. rhizosphere) can be mapped and analyzed, providing valuable insight to understand the dynamics of nutrients in the environment. T2 - SPP1685 Closing Conference: New Approaches to Ecosystem Nutrition - Phosphorus and Beyond CY - Freiburg, Germany DA - 25.10.2021 KW - Phosphorus KW - Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) KW - Passive sampling PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53641 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Traub, Heike T1 - Application of different calibration strategies for the analysis of pure copper using nano- and femtosecond laser ablation ICP-MS T2 - European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY - Graz, Austria DA - 2009-02-15 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19007 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Application of different analytical methods for the multi-element ultra-trace dertermination in ultrahigh purity metals T2 - 14th Conference on Ultrahigh Purity Metals CY - Paris, France DA - 2007-07-02 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-14947 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hickel, Tilmann T1 - Application of Density Functional Theory in the Context of Phase Diagram Modelling N2 - An important pillar for the modelling of phase diagrams is the availability of accurate thermodynamic data for the individual phases. While experimental calorimetry is a powerful technique, a prediction of materials behavior solely on the computer, i.e. complementary to experimental investigations, has its own advantages. It allows one to resolve uncertainties in experimental data, to develop physical thermodynamic models and to determine free energies of phases that are not stable in reality. For this purpose, density functional theory (DFT), which does not require any experimental or empirical fit parameters, is the method of choice. Its advantage is to take the quantum-mechanical solution for the electronic wave functions as a starting point, when determining the chemical bonding of atoms. In the first part of the talk, I will speak about enthalpies of formation resulting from this approach, the underlying approximations, the achievable accuracies, as well as the typical incorporation into Calphad assessments. We note, however, that a disadvantage of DFT is the restriction of the method to T = 0 K in their original formulation. Phase stabilities of real materials, on the other hand, are often dominated by processes that are due to finite temperatures. To include temperature effects in DFT, a significant method development was necessary in the last decade. In the second part of this talk, I will therefore provide the basic concepts for the calculation of vibrational, electronic, and magnetic entropy contributions. I will also highlight some recent methodological achievements in this field and show how these methods opened new routes in understanding and characterizing materials. At the end a few examples of ab initio based phase diagrams will be discussed. The focus will be on phase stabilities and microstructure formation in Ni-based materials. The advantages of combining theoretical, experimental and Calphad concepts will be particularly emphasized. T2 - MSIT Winter School on Materials Chemistry CY - Tegernsee, Germany DA - 21.01.2024 KW - Ab initio simulations KW - CALPHAD KW - Thermodynamics KW - Free energies PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62729 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hickel, Tilmann T1 - Application of density functional theory in the context of phase diagram modelling N2 - In this presentation the fundamentals of density functional theory are explained in the context of phase diagram modelling. A special focus is on the Ni-Mg phase diagram. T2 - 7th MSIT Winter School CY - Kreuth, Germany DA - 12.03.2023 KW - Ab initio simulations KW - Thermodynamics KW - Phase diagrams PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58855 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Evsevleev, Sergei T1 - Application of deep learning to the segmentation of synchrotron X-ray tomography data of multiphase metal matrix composites N2 - The 3D microstructure of an Al alloy matrix composite with two ceramic reinforcements was investigated by synchrotron X-ray tomography. A deep learning algorithm was used for the segmentation of four different phases. We show that convolutional networks with the U-Net architecture are able to solve complex segmentation tasks with small amount of training data. T2 - International Conference on Tomography of Materials & Structures CY - Cairns, Australia DA - 22.07.2019 KW - Synchrotron X-ray tomography KW - Deep learning KW - Segmentation KW - Metal matrix composite PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48606 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Elfetni, Seif A1 - Darvishi Kamachali, Reza T1 - Application of deep learning to multi-phase-field modelling and simulation N2 - Recent advances in Deep Learning (DL) have significantly impacted the field of materials modelling. DL tools have been recently considered as promising tools to address the complex relationships among processing, microstructure and property of materials. The thermal stability of polycrystalline materials is a highly interesting and complex problem that could be addressed using DL techniques. The Multi-Phase-Field (MPF) method has emerged as a powerful tool for addressing grain growth phenomena from multiple perspectives. Unlike sharp-interface based methods, the MPF approach bypasses the need for detailed information on individual grains. In this work, we use DL to address issues related to MPF simulations of grain growth including numerical efficiency, computing speed, and resource consumption. This presents specific challenges for high-performance computing (HPC) due to the large datasets and complex computations required by both MPF and DL methods. We study various 3D microstructure settings with the goal of accelerating the simulation process while exploring different physical effects. In particular, the impact of grain boundary and triple junction energies on grain growth are to be investigated. The results will be presented in terms of the evolving size and shape distribution of the grains. T2 - Euromat 2023 CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 03.09.2023 KW - Phase-Field Simulation KW - Microstructure Evolution KW - Physics-informed Neural Network KW - Machine Learning PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58225 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Charmi, Amir T1 - Application of deep learning for structural health monitoring of a composite overwrapped pressure vessel undergoing cyclic loading N2 - Structural health monitoring (SHM) using ultrasonic-guided waves (UGWs) enables continuous monitoring of components with complex geometries and provides extensive information about their structural integrity and their overall condition. Composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) used for storing hydrogen gases at very high pressures are an example of a critical infrastructure that could benefit significantly from SHM. This can be used to increase the periodic inspection intervals, ensure safe operating conditions by early detection of anomalies, and ultimately estimate the remaining lifetime of COPVs. Therefore, in the digital quality infrastructure initiative (QI-Digital) in Germany, an SHM system is being developed for COPVs used in a hydrogen refueling station. In this study, the results of a lifetime fatigue test on a Type IV COPV subjected to many thousands of load cycles under different temperatures and pressures are presented to demonstrate the strengths and challenges associated with such an SHM system. During the cyclic testing up to the final material failure of the COPV, a sensor network of fifteen surface-mounted piezoelectric (PZT) wafers was used to collect the UGW data. However, the pressure variations, the aging process of the COPV, the environmental parameters, and possible damages simultaneously have an impact on the recorded signals. This issue and the lack of labeled data make signal processing and analysis even more demanding. Thus, in this study, semi-supervised, and unsupervised deep learning approaches are utilized to separate the influence of different variables on the UGW data with the final aim of detecting and localizing the damage before critical failure. T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.06.2024 KW - Anomaly detection KW - Damage localization KW - Deep learning KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Ultrasonic-guided waves PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60745 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heideklang, René T1 - Application of Data Fusion in Nondestructive Testing (NDT) T2 - 16th International Conference on Information Fusion CY - Istanbul, Turkey DA - 2013-07-09 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29780 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Steckert, Carsten T1 - Application of CRT displays and scanners for correct colour image reproduction of naturally weathered paint coatings T2 - DFZ-BAM-Workshop: Digital and analog ISO-Test chart reproduction in offices CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 1999-11-01 PY - 1999 AN - OPUS4-4822 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nolde, Moana T1 - Application of AUTODYN at BAM T2 - ANSYS AUTODYN Update Seminar 2009 CY - Freiburg, Germany DA - 2009-05-19 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19589 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem T1 - Application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) for in situ corrosion studies of thin film covered AA2024 T3 aluminium alloy surface N2 - The performance of functional coatings and adhesively joined hybrid components relies strongly on the stability of the polymer-metal interface. With the increasing utilization of multi-material structures in the automotive and aerospace industry, it is of great scientific and technical interest to understand the processes leading to interface degradation and to develop novel strategies to increase corrosion and delamination resistance. The aim of this project is to develop thin epoxy-based films and their carbon nanofiller loaded composites on aluminium alloy AA2024-T3 as a model system and to investigate their interfacial stability under corrosive and coupled corrosive-mechanical load. Spin coating was used for the layer-by-layer deposition of poly[(o-cresyl glycidyl ether)-co-formaldehyde] and poly-(ethylenimine) bi-layers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results indicate a very homogeneous and dense film with low surface roughness. Carbon nanofillers were introduced either by mixing into the coating components or in between individual layers to control the separation between the carbon nanofillers and alloy surface. The film chemistry and barrier properties were characterized by means of spectroscopic and electrochemical methods, respectively. The degradation and delamination behavior of the epoxy-based films was characterized by means of in situ AFM corrosion experiments. The quantitative imaging (QI) mode allowed the observation of hydrogen-generation induced blister formation during exposure to corrosive electrolyte and how the local corrosion processes evolved with exposure time. Complementary energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis was performed to correlate the corrosion behavior with the different intermetallic particle chemistries and distributions. The presentation will summarize our results on the effect of interface chemistry and carbon nanofiller – alloy separation on the initiation of local corrosion processes on thin film covered AA2024-T3 aluminium alloys. T2 - EuroCorr2019 CY - Sevilla, Spain DA - 09.09.2019 KW - Corrosion KW - Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50293 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Application of an optimized ELISA assay in the assessment of 17?-estradiol levels in surface and waste waters from the Aveiro region T2 - 3rd Portuduese Young Chemists Meeting (3PYCheM) CY - Oporto, Portugal DA - 2012-11-09 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-26652 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wienold, Julia T1 - Application of an IR laser ablation system and comparison to spark and glow discharge methods T2 - 9th European Workshop on laser ablation in elemental and isotopic analysis CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2008-07-07 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17546 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bartscher, M. T1 - Application of an Industrial CT Reference Standard for Cast Freeform Shaped Workpieces T2 - International Symposium on Digital Industrial Radiology and Computed Tomography (DIR2011), 20.-22.6.2011 in Berlin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2011-06-20 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24630 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Konert, Florian A1 - Nietzke, Jonathan T1 - Application of an in-situ H2Test Method N2 - The degradation effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of steels is well known, but still not sufficiently understood. The fast and safe market ramp up of hydrogen technologies makes it evident to evaluate a wider understanding of this topic. In general it is often described as hydrogen embrittlement. Therefore it is desirable to achieve a test method which is able to provide material properties under hydrogen atmosphere in an easy way. Currently mechanical tests under hydrogen atmosphere are executed in autoclaves. For this technique complex hardware is needed, therefore tests are expensive and test capacities are only available in a small scale. The shown test method promises a trendsetting approach for reducing costs and machine time by using hollow specimen. T2 - 4th International Conference on Metals and Hydrogen - Steely & Hydrogen 2022 CY - Ghent, Belgium DA - 11.10.2022 KW - Hydrogen KW - Hollow specimen KW - In-situ KW - Test procedure PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56032 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - John, Sebastian T1 - Application of an experimental modal analysis on composite pressure vessels for monitoring prestress conditions N2 - Due to high specific stiffness, fibre reinforced plastics are the dominant material group for the design of mobile pressure vessels. At the Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing (BAM) aging process of composite pressure vessels is studied to be able to give more accurate lifetime predictions in future. Investigations are based on type III breathing air cylinders consisting of an aluminium tank which is fully wrapped with carbon fibre reinforced plastics. Goal is to detect changes of residual stresses over life time which directly affect fatigue strength. Within this paper an approach is presented to monitor residual stresses via an experimental modal analysis (EMA). First, the influence of changed stress conditions on modal parameters is analysed via a numerical study. Secondly, a test bench for an EMA is set up. To be able to analyse cylinders of different prestress condition, several specimens are prestress modified via high-temperature and high-pressure treatment. During modification processes, specimens are monitored via optical fibres to control prestress modifications. Through experimental measurements of the modified specimens via EMA changes in prestressing can be detected. Finally, validity and accuracy of the EMA is evaluated critically by comparing all numerically and experimentally obtained data. T2 - INTERNOISE 2018 CY - Chicago, USA DA - 25.08.2018 KW - Residual stress KW - Composite KW - Pressure vessel KW - Modal analysis PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46330 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Harrer, Andrea T1 - Application of active thermography to the detection of safety relevant defects in civil engineering structures T2 - 7th International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing in Civil Engineering CY - Nantes, France DA - 2009-07-02 PY - 2009 N1 - Geburtsname von Harrer, Andrea: Kramer, A. - Birth name of Harrer, Andrea: Kramer, A. AN - OPUS4-19808 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane T1 - Application of active thermography to the detection of safety relevant defects in civil engineering structures T2 - 11th International Conference on Infrared Sensors and Systems, SENSOR + TEST Conference 2009 CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 2009-05-26 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19810 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane T1 - Application of active thermography in production processes T2 - InnoTesting 2015, Integrated Modelling and Testing in Global Enviroment CY - Wildau bei Berlin DA - 2015-02-19 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-32800 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Myrach, Philipp T1 - Application of Active Thermography for the Characterization of Building Structures in Cultural Heritage T2 - QIRT Asia 2015 CY - Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu, India DA - 2015-07-06 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33756 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lischka, Susanne T1 - Application of a twofold C-labeled calibration standard for the analysis of arsenobetaine using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS T2 - CIA CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2011-09-26 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24418 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - Application of a new gas mixing device to test adsorptive wall materials T2 - Healthy Buildings 2009 CY - Syracuse, NY, USA DA - 2009-09-13 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19898 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Orrin-Seemann, Daniel T1 - Application of a modified GTN-model to predict large deformation failure of pressure vessels N2 - The purpose of this research is to predict failure of a largely deformed pressure vessel. The employed Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model enables a failure prediction through its in-built damage evolution law. A critical damage threshold defines the limit state of the evolution. Here, crack initiation is seen as the limit. Unfortunately, the GTN model does not capture void volume growth under shear stress and shows thermodynamic inconsistencies under pressure. To overcome these drawbacks and to make the model applicable to a wide range of complex stress states, a user-defined subroutine of the GTN model with an extension of its damage evolution law has been developed. The routine also accounts for large deformation which is advantageous for ductile vessel materials. The wall of a pressurised vessel is subjected to multi-axial stress states. Features, such as anges and valves, lead to even more complex stress states. The subroutine is used to determine the burst pressure and the location of failure. This research compares the results of the conventional and the modified GTN model with results of experimentally conducted burst tests. The conclusion of this research is that there is a clear improvement in failure prediction by using the modified GTN model. T2 - Fifth International Conference on Computational Modeling of Fracture and Failure of Materials and Structures CY - Nantes, France DA - 14.06.2017 KW - Multi KW - GTN model KW - Shear softening KW - Large deformation KW - Failure KW - Pressure vessel KW - Axial stress PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-41117 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sugiyama, Kaori T1 - Application of a droplet generator for sample introduction in ICP-Sector Field Mass Spectrometer for analysis of single selenium enriched yeast sells T2 - 23. ICPMS Anwendertreffen und 10. Symposium Massenspektrometrische Verfahren der Elementspurenanalyse CY - Tulln an der Donau, Austria DA - 2012-09-10 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-27348 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pittner, Andreas T1 - Application of a combined modelling technique to reduce experimental effort-a case study for Laser-GMA-Hybrid Welding T2 - Beam Technologies & Laser Application, VI International Conference CY - Saint Petersburg, Russia DA - 2009-09-23 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20851 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lischka, Susanne T1 - Application of a 13C-lableled calibration standard for the analysis of arsenobetaine in fish using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS T2 - TraceSpec CY - Pau, France DA - 2011-05-18 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23563 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Riedel, Soraya T1 - Application of 3,3’,5,5’-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in Amperometric Immunoassays for Mycotoxin Detection N2 - Electrochemical methods make great promise to meet the demand for user-friendly on-site devices for monitoring important parameters. Food industry often runs own lab procedures, e.g., for mycotoxin analysis, but it is a major goal to simplify analysis, linking analytical methods with miniaturized technologies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, with photometric detection of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) substrate 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), form a good basis for sensitive detection. To provide a straight-forward approach for the miniaturization of the detection step, we have studied the pitfalls of the electrochemical TMB detection. By cyclic voltammetry, it could be shown that TMB electrochemistry is strongly dependent on the pH and the electrode material. It was found that screen-printed gold electrodes and a very low pH value (pH 1) are well-suited to perform the electrochemical detection of TMB, due to the reversible character of the redox reaction under these conditions. Under these conditions, a good signal stability over several measuring cycles is achieved, providing the basis for analyzing multiple samples. In contrast to this, for carbon screen-printed electrodes, it was found that the signal response has changed after the electrochemical reaction with TMB at pH 1. At moderately acidic conditions (pH 4), neither with carbon nor with gold electrodes a reproducible electrochemical detection of TMB could be achieved. Based on these findings, we created a smartphone-based, electrochemical, immunomagnetic assay for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) and ergometrine in food samples. A competitive assay is performed on magnetic beads using HRP and TMB/H2O2 to generate the signal. Enzymatically oxidized TMB is quantified after addition of H2SO4 by amperometry with screen-printed gold electrodes in a custom-made wall-jet flow cell. The results are in good correlation with the established photometric detection method, providing a solid basis for sensing of further analytes in HRP-based assays using the newly developed miniaturized smartphone-based, electrochemical, immunomagnetic assay. T2 - 73rd Annual Meeting of the ISE CY - Online meeting DA - 12.09.2022 KW - Cylic Voltammetry KW - Immunoassay KW - Mycotoxins KW - Amperometry KW - Electrochemistry PY - 2022 N1 - Geburtsname von Riedel, Soraya: Höfs, S. - Birth name of Riedel, Soraya: Höfs, S. AN - OPUS4-55793 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -