TY - CONF A1 - Sanchez-Olivares, G. T1 - Fire Behaviour and Viscoelasticity of Sustainable Thermoplastic Polyurethane Multicomponent Systems N2 - Main message: An interesting influence of viscoelastic properties on fire behavior of multicomponent systems based on thermoplastic polyurethane using industrial-waste leather fibers was observed. A detailed investigation on rheological properties, morphology, pyrolysis, flammability and forced flaming combustion highlighted that fire retardancy is best achieved when the multicomponent systems exhibit a predominant elastic behavior. Introduction: Multicomponent systems represent a sustainable alternative to traditional high-loaded flame retardant polymer materials, particularly in local areas where industrial-waste fibers are a problem.The final properties of those systems greatly depend on the melt blending process [1-2]. In this work,thermoplastic polyurethane multicomponent systems using industrial-waste leather fibers and a commercial flame-retardant additive were produced and investigated. Results and Discussion: According to rheological measurements, the viscoelastic behavior of the TPU multicomponent systems depends on the melt blending process conditions. Systems produced under low blending temperature profile and high rotational speed (TPU/5LF/5APP_T1/V3) display a predominant viscous behavior, meanwhile TPU/5LF/5APP_T1/V1 and TPU/5LF/5APP_T2/V2 samples, exhibit a more elastic one. The combination of LF and APP at low loadings (5 phr each) results in an important reduction on the peak of heat release rate (pHRR), total heat evolved (THE) and total smoke production (TSP) regarding to pure TPU. The UL94 vertical test pointed out that multicomponent systems with predominant elastic behavior (TPU/5LF/5APP_T1/V1 and TPU/5LF/5APP_T2/V2 samples) reached the V-0 rating, meanwhile for the system with the most viscous tendency (TPU/5LF/5APP_T1/V3), non-rating is obtained. Acknowledgement: Part of this work was funded by the Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT), Mexico, grant number CF-2023-I-865. T2 - 20th European Meeting on Fire Retardant Polymeric Materials (FRPM2025) CY - Madrid, Spain DA - 03.06.2025 KW - TPU KW - Fire behavior KW - Viscoelastic properties KW - Leather fibers KW - Industrial wastes PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63400 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rabe, Sebastian A1 - Sanchez-Olivares, G. A1 - Pérez-Chávez, R. A1 - Schartel, Bernhard ED - Laoutid, F. T1 - Natural Keratin and Coconut Fibres from Industrial Wastes in Flame Retarded Thermoplastic Starch Biocomposites N2 - Natural keratin fibres derived from Mexican tannery waste and coconut fibres from coconut processing waste were used as fillers in commercially available, biodegradable thermoplastic starch-polyester blend to obtain sustainable biocomposites. The morphology, rheological and mechanical properties as well as pyrolysis, flammability and forced flaming combustion behaviour of those biocomposites were investigated. In order to open up new application areas for these Kinds of biocomposites, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was added as a flame retardant. Extensive flammability and cone calorimeter studies revealed a good flame retardance effect with natural fibres alone and improved effectiveness with the addition of APP. In fact, it was shown that replacing 20 of 30 wt. % of APP with keratin fibres achieved the same effectiveness. In the case of coconut fibres, a synergistic effect led to an even lower heat release rate and total heat evolved due to reinforced char residue. This was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy of the char structure. All in all, these results constitute a good approach towards sustainable and biodegradable fibre reinforced biocomposites with improved flame retardant properties. KW - Biomaterials KW - Biodegradation KW - Calorimetry KW - Composites KW - Flame retardance PY - 2020 SN - 978-3-03928-350-7 SN - 978-3-03928-351-4 SP - 45 EP - 66 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-50738 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sanchez-Olivares, G. A1 - Rabe, Sebastian A1 - Pérez-Chávez, R. A1 - Calderas, F. A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Industrial-waste agave fibres in flame-retarded thermoplastic starch biocomposites N2 - Flame-retarded biocomposites of thermoplastic starch and natural fibres are successfully processed according to state-of-the-art extrusion and injection moulding. Using agave fibres and henequen fibres recovered from local industrial waste is a convincing contribution to sustainability. A systematically varied set of biocomposites is investigated comprehensively, e.g. electron microscopy is used for characterizing the morphology, rheology for the melt viscosity, tensile and impact resistance for the mechanical properties, thermal analysis for the pyrolysis, UL 94 burning chamber and oxygen index for the flammability, and cone calorimeter for the fire behaviour. Achieving sufficient mechanical properties was not the goal in our pre-competitive study but may be tackled by adding compatibilizer in future. The combination of well-dispersed natural fibres, aluminium diethylphosphinate (AlPi) and a special silicone synergist (Si) is proposed as promising innovative route for V-classified biocomposites. The flame-retardancy modes of action in the gas phase (fuel dilution and flame inhibition) and in the condensed phase (charring, protective layer formation) are discussed in detail, as is the role of combining the ingredients. This work is a convincing proof of principle of how to prepare industrial-waste fibres biocomposites, to apply the synergistic combination of AlPi and Si for future flame-retarded technical polymer materials that are based on renewable resources and compostable. KW - Flame-retardant biocomposites KW - Natural fibre KW - Biopolymer KW - Sustainability KW - Industrial-waste fibres KW - Flammability PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107370 SN - 1359-8368 VL - 177 SP - 107370 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-48777 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -