TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Wagner, Adrian A1 - Lehmann, Jens A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Auslagerungsversuche von Standardproben unter verschiedenen atmosphärischen Bedingungen N2 - Der Vortrag berichtet über die Auslagerung von Standardproben nach DIN EN ISO 9223 bis 9226 aus Zink, Stahl, Kupfer und Aluminium auf den verschiedenen atmosphärischen Bewitterungsständen der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM). Im Vortrag werden die Masseverluste, Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten und Korrosivitätskategorien der Standardproben im freibewitterten und überdachten Bereich nach einem Jahr vorgestellt und Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Atmosphärenbedingungen aufgezeigt. Freibewitterte Proben zeigen dabei deutliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich ihres Korrosionsverhaltens im Vergleich zu überdachten Proben. Die ermittelten Korrosivitätskategorien sind sowohl standort- als auch materialspezifisch. T2 - Arbeitskreissitzung „Eisen und Stahl“ des GfKORR e. V. CY - Duisburg, Germany DA - 26.06.2019 KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion KW - Auslagerungsversuche KW - Freibewitterung KW - Korrosion PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48344 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin T1 - Korrosionsuntersuchungen mit gelartigen Elektrolyten an Zink - Eine innovative Prüfmethodik N2 - Ein neuer Ansatz bei elektrochemischen Korrosionsuntersuchungen kann durch den Einsatz von gelartigen Elektrolyten als Alternative zu wässrigen Prüfelektrolyten beschritten werden. Gelartige Elektrolyte ermöglichen minimalinvasive Untersuchungen an natürlich gebildeten Zinkdeckschichten. Dadurch können korrosionsrelevante Kennwerte ermittelt werden, die Aussagen zur Deckschichtbildung und zur Stabilität von atmosphärisch gebildeten Deckschichten erlauben. In diesem Beitrag wird anhand verschiedener Untersuchungen an Reinzink der Mehrwert von gelartigen Elektrolyten für die Korrosionsforschung und -prüfung verdeutlicht. Darüber hinaus werden neue Erkenntnisse zur Deckschichtbildung von Zink unter atmosphärischen Bedingungen vorgestellt. T2 - GfKORR-Jahrestagung 2019 CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 12.11.2019 KW - Zink KW - Gelartige Elektrolyte KW - Korrosionsuntersuchungen KW - Deckschichtbildung PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49641 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Heise, Svenja A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Normentwurf für ein Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung von Deckschichtwiderständen an Zinküberzügen mittels gelartiger Elektrolyte N2 - Der Vortrag stellt das WIPANO-Vorhaben GELELEK vor. Zu Beginn werden die Messtechnik und die Projektidee kurz erläutert. Anschließend wird ein Überblick über die Projektpartner, Projektziele und Arbeitsschritte gegeben. T2 - 12. Sitzung des NA 062-01-77 AA "Korrosionsprüfverfahren" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.02.2019 KW - Korrosion KW - Zinküberzüge KW - Gelartige Elektrolyte KW - Deckschichtbildung PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47416 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Heise, Svenja A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Normentwurf für ein Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung von Deckschichtwiderständen an Zinküberzügen mittels gelartiger Elektrolyte N2 - Der Vortrag stellt das WIPANO-Vorhaben GELELEK vor. Zu Beginn werden die Messtechnik und die Projektidee kurz erläutert. Anschließend wird ein Überblick über die Projektpartner, Projektziele und Arbeitsschritte gegeben. T2 - 66. Sitzung des NA 062-01-76 AA "Chemische und elektrochemische Überzüge" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 19.03.2019 KW - Deckschichtbildung KW - Gelartige Elektrolyte KW - Korrosion KW - Zinküberzüge PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47575 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Lehmann, Jens A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Auslagerungsversuche von Standardproben unter verschiedenen atmosphärischen Bedingungen N2 - Der Vortrag berichtet über die Auslagerung von Standardproben nach DIN EN ISO 9223 bis 9226 aus Zink, Stahl, Kupfer und Aluminium auf den verschiedenen atmosphärischen Bewitterungsständen der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM). Im Vortrag werden die Masseverluste, Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten und Korrosivitätskategorien der Standardproben im freibewitterten und überdachten Bereich nach einem Jahr vorgestellt und Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Atmosphärenbedingungen aufgezeigt. Freibewitterte Proben zeigen dabei deutliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich ihres Korrosionsverhaltens im Vergleich zu überdachten Proben. Die ermittelten Korrosivitätskategorien sind sowohl standort- als auch materialspezifisch. T2 - 44. Arbeitskreissitzung „Schadensuntersuchung“ des GfKORR e. V. CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 02.04.2019 KW - Korrosion KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion KW - Freibewitterung KW - Auslagerungsversuche PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47719 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Aristia, Gabriela A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Effect of CO2 gas on carbon steel corrosion in an acidic-saline based geothermal fluid T2 - Electronic Proceedings Eurocorr 2019 N2 - Geothermal energy is one of the most promising energy resources to replace fossil fuel. To extract this energy, hot fluids of various salts and gases are pumped up from a geothermal well having a certain depth and location. Geothermal wells in volcanic regions often contain highly corrosive CO2 and H2S gases that can be corrosive to the geothermal power-plants, which are commonly constructed of different steels, such as carbon steel. This research focuses on the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel exposed to an artificial geothermal fluid containing CO2 gas, using an artificial acidic-saline geothermal brine as found in Sibayak, Indonesia. This medium has a pH of 4 and a chloride content of 1,500 mg/L. Exposure tests were conducted for seven days at 70 °C and 150 °C to simulate the operating temperatures for low and medium enthalpy geothermal sources. Surface morphology and cross-section of the specimens from the above experiments were analysed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Electrochemical tests via open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed to understand the corrosion processes of carbon steel in CO2-containing solution both at 70 °C and 150 °C. Localized corrosion was observed to a greater extent at 70 °C due to the less protectiveness of corrosion product layer compared to that at 150 °C, where FeCO3 has a high corrosion resistance. However, a longer exposure test for 28 days revealed the occurrence of localized corrosion with deeper pits compared to the seven-day exposed carbon steel. In addition, corrosion product transformation was observed after 28 days, indicating that more Ca2+ cations incorporate into the FeCO3 structure. T2 - EUROCORR 2019 CY - Sevilla, Spain DA - 09.09.2019 KW - Carbon steel KW - CO2 KW - EIS KW - Geothermal KW - Corrosion PY - 2019 SP - Paper 200245, 1 EP - 5 CY - Madrid, Spain AN - OPUS4-49099 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aristia, Gabriela A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Electrochemical deposition of polyaniline on carbon steel for corrosion study in geothermal solution JF - Materials Science Forum N2 - Polyaniline has been widely developed for many applications, e.g. sensor, supercapacitor components, electrochromic devices, and anticorrosion pigments. Although the addition of polyaniline pigment in organic coatings has been an alternative for corrosion protection in industrial applications, the protection mechanism is still not fully understood. Herein in this study, as a part of the development of polyaniline/silicon dioxide coating for geothermal application, polyaniline has been deposited electrochemically on carbon steel surface in oxalic acid medium and tested in geothermal solution to understand the contribution of polyaniline to the corrosion protection of a polyaniline-based composite in the geothermal system. To observe the surface/interface reaction between the electrolyte and electrode surface during the electrochemical polymerization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was applied after each cycle. For corrosion study in the geothermal application, an artificial geothermal solution was used with the composition of 1,500 mg/l Cl⁻, 20 mg/l SO₄²⁻, 15 mg/l HCO₃⁻, 200 mg/l Ca²⁺, 250 mg/l K⁺, and 600 mg/l Na⁺, and pH 4 to simulate a geothermal brine found in Sibayak, Indonesia. An electrochemical measurement was performed by monitoring the open circuit potential over seven days, with the interruption by EIS every 22 hours. The experiments were performed at room temperature and 150 °C (1 MPa) in an oxygen-free environment. Impedance spectra showed a reduction of the total impedance value of approximately 10 times for specimens measured at 150 °C compared to the specimens measured at room temperature, suggesting a less stable layer at high temperature. KW - Corrosion KW - Electrochemical deposition KW - Polyaniline PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.966.107 SN - 1662-9752 VL - 966 SP - 107 EP - 115 PB - Trans Tech Publications Ltd CY - Zürich AN - OPUS4-48776 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aristia, Gabriela A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Artificial Geothermal Brine: Influence of Carbon Dioxide at 70 °C and 150 °C JF - Materials N2 - This study focuses on the corrosion mechanism of carbon steel exposed to an artificial geothermal brine influenced by carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. The tested brine simulates a geothermal source in Sibayak, Indonesia, containing 1500 mg/L of Cl-, 20 mg/L of SO4 2-, and 15 mg/L of HCO3-with pH 4. To reveal the temperature effect on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel, exposure and electrochemical tests were carried out at 70 °C and 150 °C. Surface analysis of corroded specimens showed localized corrosion at both temperatures, despite the formation of corrosion products on the surface. After 7 days at 150 °C, SEM images showed the formation of an adherent, dense, and crystalline FeCO3 layer. Whereas at 70 °C, the corrosion products consisted of chukanovite (Fe2(OH)2CO3) and siderite (FeCO3), which are less dense and less protective than that at 150 °C. Control experiments under Ar-environment were used to investigate the corrosive effect of CO2. Free corrosion potential (Ecorr) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirm that at both temperatures, the corrosive effect of CO2 was more significant compared to that measured in the Ar-containing solution. In terms of temperature effect, carbon steel remained active at 70 °C, while at 150 °C, it became passive due to the FeCO3 formation. These results suggest that carbon steel is more susceptible to corrosion at the near ground surface of a geothermal well, whereas at a deeper well with a higher temperature, there is a possible risk of scaling (FeCO3 layer). A longer exposure test at 150 °C with a stagnant solution for 28 days, however, showed the unstable FeCO3 layer and therefore a deeper localized corrosion compared to that of seven-day exposed specimens. KW - Carbon steel KW - CO2 KW - Corrosion KW - Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy KW - Geothermal PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-498168 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12223801 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 12 IS - 22 SP - 3801-1 EP - 20 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-49816 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Aristia, Gabriela T1 - Fenomena Korosi pada aplikasi panas bumi N2 - To accelerate the development of Indonesian geothermal energy, progress should be done in all aspects. Corrosion is an important part on the technological development to ensure the safety and longevity of a power plant. T2 - Fireside Chat der Indonesischen Botschaft CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 21.11.2019 KW - Corrosion KW - Korosi KW - Korrosion PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49735 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Aristia, Gabriela T1 - Fireside Chat - Sharing PhD N2 - Erfahrung einer indonesischen Stipendiatin beim Aufenthalt in Deutschland als Doktorandin; Hinweise und Empfehlungen für indonesische Jungwissenschaftler und Studenten T2 - Fireside Chat der Indonesischen Botschaft CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 21.11.2019 KW - Indonesien PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49737 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Aristia, Gabriela A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Roth, C. T1 - The Effect of Different Polyaniline Types in Silicon Dioxide Containing Coatings for Carbon Steel Protection in Artificial Geothermal Brines N2 - According to the results of the experiments carried out, the following points can be concluded: 1. Exposure tests showed that specimens with the addition of SiO2 particles and polyaniline particles exhibit better corrosion resistance than specimens with the addition of only polyaniline particles or binder only. 2. Open circuit potential measurements showed that in the beginning of the experiments, both coatings had an open circuit potential 100 mV higher than carbon steel. Within one day of immersion, the potential of carbon steel increased significantly, indicating the formation of oxide layer. After extended exposure the carbon steel potential sat between PS1 (which had higher potential) and PS2 (which had a lower potential) and all three were in the range –600 mV to –500 mV vs Ag/AgCl. 3. Both coatings PS-1 and PS-2 were degraded with increasing exposure time, shown by the decrease of absolute impedance value at low frequency range after 2, 4, and 6 days exposure. 4. Potentiodynamic test was performed after 3 hours and 6 days exposure, and it was shown that the coating in the initial stage exhibited more passive behavior than the specimens exposed for 6 days. T2 - NACE International Corrosion Conference 2019 CY - Nashville, TN, USA DA - 24.03.2019 KW - Geothermal KW - Coating KW - Polyaniline KW - Corrosion PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47914 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Aristia, Gabriela A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Roth, C. T1 - Electrochemical measurement of polyaniline containing coating at high temperature: PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES N2 - This presentation describes special aspects when performing measurements at high temperatures. Especially electrochemical issues are addressed for impedance spectroscopy, like overlapping time constants, handling of noise etc. T2 - Electrochemical Doctoral School “Corrosion: from analysis to modelling” CY - Brussels Belgium DA - 04.02.2019 KW - Polyaniline KW - Geothermal KW - Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47917 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Aristia, G. A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Roth, C. T1 - The Effect of Different Polyaniline Types in Silicon Dioxide Containing Coatings for Carbon Steel Protection in Artificial Geothermal Brines T2 - Proceedings NACE International Corrosion Conference 2019 N2 - According to the results of the experiments carried out, the following points can be concluded: 1. Exposure tests showed that specimens with the addition of SiO2 particles and polyaniline particles exhibit better corrosion resistance than specimens with the addition of only polyaniline particles or binder only. 2. Open circuit potential measurements showed that in the beginning of the experiments, both coatings had an open circuit potential 100 mV higher than carbon steel. Within one day of immersion, the potential of carbon steel increased significantly, indicating the formation of oxide layer. After extended exposure the carbon steel potential sat between PS1 (which had higher potential) and PS2 (which had a lower potential) and all three were in the range –600 mV to –500 mV vs Ag/AgCl. 3. Both coatings PS-1 and PS-2 were degraded with increasing exposure time, shown by the decrease of absolute impedance value at low frequency range after 2, 4, and 6 days exposure. 4. Potentiodynamic test was performed after 3 hours and 6 days exposure, and it was shown that the coating in the initial stage exhibited more passive behavior than the specimens exposed for 6 days. T2 - NACE International Corrosion Conference 2019 CY - Nashville, TN, USA DA - 24.03.2019 KW - Geothermal KW - Coating KW - Polyaniline KW - Corrosion PY - 2019 SP - 13121-1 EP - 13121-14 PB - NACE International CY - Houston AN - OPUS4-47913 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -