TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Mikroplastik heute: Was haben wir in den letzten Jahren erreicht? N2 - In diesem Vortrag geht es um eine Übersicht über die Thematik der Mikroplastik, Was ist Mikroplastik, wie entsteht es und wo kommt es her. Es wird beschrieben wie eine repräsentative Probenahme erfolgen kann und wie welche Herausforderungen bei der Probenvorbereitung existieren. Die Detektion wird ausführlich beschrieben, sowohl mit Partikelanzahl als auch Masse. Im weiteren werden erste Referenzmaterialien und ihre Anwendung in internationalen Ringversuchen beschrieben. Der zweite Teil zeigt die Normungsaktivitäten im Bereich der Mikroplastik. T2 - Mitgliederversammlung der GdCh Lackchemie CY - Online Meeting DA - 20.09.2024 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Polymer 3R KW - Reference material KW - ILC on detection methods PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61087 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Seasonal microplastic concentrations along the rivers Rhine and Danube N2 - Over the last 20 years, many researchers, politicians and citizens have become increasingly aware of the growing plastic problem of our time. A lack of recycling concepts and plastic collection points as well as careless dumping lead to accumulation of plastic products in the environment. Natural weathering can cause these plastics to degrade and fractionate, meaning that microplastics (1 1,000 µm, ISO/TR 21960:2020) and nanoplastics (< 1 µm, ISO/TR 21960:2020) of various synthetic polymer materials can now be detected in all parts of the world. Whether microplastics or nanoplastics pose a toxicological hazard is being investigated in a variety of ways. Valid results are still pending. However, the EU precautionary principle applies to micro- and nanoplastics. Monitoring of microplastics is already required in the revision of the Drinking Water and Wastewater Framework Directive. Reliable monitoring of rivers can be carried out by sampling with sedimentation boxes and microplastic detection by using thermal extraction desorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) in routine operation (Figure 1). The river Rhine was sampled for microplastic masses at three different sampling locations over a period of one year and in addition the Danube at randomized sampling locations The TED-GC/MS results showed that various synthetic polymers frequently produced in industry, such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polystyrene as well as the tire compound styrene-butadiene rubber were found. The work not only shows a possible workflow for monitoring concepts, but also provides information on environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastics and tire components in surface waters. This in turn is necessary for ecotoxicological studies. T2 - ESOPS CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 09.09.2024 KW - Microplastics KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Polymer 3R PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61016 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Visileanu, Emilia A1 - Catalin Grosu, Marian A1 - Tiberiu Miclea, Paul A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Brossell, Dirk T1 - Methods for the collection and characterization of airborne particles in the textile industry N2 - Airborne particulate matter is one of the main air pollutants. Their impact on mortality, and the occurrence of pulmonary and cardiovascular complications, have been the subject of numerous studies. Airborne particles are complex mixtures of organic and inorganic substances from different sources of particle emissions. Particulate Matter (PM) particles are classified according to their aerodynamic diameter expressed in µm and can vary from coarse (PM 10) to fine (less than PM 2.5). These diameter considerations are fundamental because they condition the penetration of particles into the bronchopulmonary system and the body. In recent years, there has been an interest in so-called “ultra-fine” particles, with a diameter of 0.1 µm (or 100 nm), or PM 0.1. They are nanoparticles and their impact on human health is not yet clear.With more than 1.5 million employees, textiles and clothing is a diverse sector that plays an important role in the European manufacturing industry, producing a turnover of €162 billion.An important component of the solid particles that generate air pollution in the textile industry is microplastics (MP) and nano plastics (NP), which also include microfibers (<5mm) and nanofibers (<100 nm), respectively. The particles released into the air during fiber and yarn processing range from 1 µg/m3 to 50 µg/m3.The paper presents the results of the determination of indoor and outdoor air concentration levels in textile companies, to identify the areas with the highest concentration level, by using an online recording system such as the Laser Aerosol Spectrometer MINI LAS model 11-E. The total concentration level TSP (µg/m3), the fractions PM 10(µg/m3), PM 2.5(µg/m3), PM1(µg/m3), as well as the total number of particles TC (1/l), were shown. It was noted that TSP is approximately at the same level both indoors and outdoors, but the fractions of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 have much higher values indoors than outdoors with possible consequences on workers' health.The next step was the collection of fibers, namely micro and nano plastic particles from the vicinity of the workplaces of polyester, polyamide, and polypropylene fibers processing units in the textile industry in Romania, to obtain a sufficient quantity for laboratory analysis to determine the size and shape of the particles as well as their chemical composition. Two types of pumps were used, differentiated by their operating parameters: TECORA SKYPOST with airflow of 38 l/min and GILAIRPLUS with airflow 2l/min. Filters made of different materials with different diameters and pore sizes were used, namely: quartz filters (ø 47 mm, and ø 37 mm) on a TECORA SKYPOST type pump, polycarbonate nucleopore coated with a gold membrane (ø 25 mm) and silica filter (ø 9 mm) on GILAIRPLUS type pump.Using descriptive statistics, the calculation of correlation coefficients highlighted a strong correlation between the variables: "Collected mass/ Air concentration" and "Collected mass/ Air volume" for all diameters of the filters.The highest collected particle volume, determined by weighing the filters before and after collection, was obtained with the quartz filters (ø 47 mm) at an airflow of 38 l/min. The particles collected (polyester, polyamide, polypropylene) in the first stage were analyzed by SEM and thermogravimetric and it was found that the quartz filters absorbed the particles inside, with very few remaining on the surface. Thus no known methods can be used to perform analysis for particles collected on quartz filters. The number of particles on the filters was insufficient for analysis either because of the collection parameters used or because of the loss of particles during transport. As a result, in the next step, the use of 9 mm Si filters using the GILAIRPLUS pump at an airflow rate of 2l/min was chosen.To improve the transport conditions and avoid the loss of the particles and keep them on the surface of the filters, two methods were applied:- after weighing the filters were reintroduced into the collection pump holder;- a filtration system for airborne micro-nano plastics was designed and manufactured to selectively collect and transport PM10 and PM1 particles collected on SI filters.In both cases, SEM, Raman mapping, and GS-MS microscopy were used for analysis.Several times more PM10 than PM1 (74.5µg compared to 12.5 µg) was found. In all cases, both particles and fibers showed the same Raman fingerprint.The GS-MS analyses showed some contamination of the workspaces with particles other than the processed fibers. The presence of non-notifiable substances was also observed.The most viable filters are Si filters with a pore size of 10 microns to 1 micron and the use of the selected collection and transport filter system. In the following a filter system will be applied for collection on Au membrane-coated polycarbonate filters. T2 - 5th International Conference on Human Systems Engineering and Design: Future Trends and Applications (IHSED 2023) KW - Microplastics KW - Textiles PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-624442 DO - https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004132 VL - 112 SP - 212 EP - 223 PB - AHFE International AN - OPUS4-62444 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Braun, U. A1 - Herper, D. A1 - Knefel, M. A1 - Bednarz, M. A1 - Bannick, C.-G. T1 - Smart filters for the analysis of microplastic in beverages filled in plastic bottles N2 - The occurrence of microplastic (MP) in food products, such as beverages in plastic bottles, is of high public concern. Existing analytical methods focus on the determination of particle numbers, requiring elaborate sampling tools, laboratory infrastructure and generally time-consuming imaging detection methods. A comprehensive routine analysis of MP in food products is still not possible. In the present work, we present the development of a smart filter crucible as sampling and detection tool. After filtration and drying of the filtered-off solids, a direct determination of the MP mass content from the crucible sample can be done by thermal extraction desorption gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (TED-GC/MS). The new filter crucible allows a filtration of MP down to particle sizes of 5 µm. We determined MP contents below 0.01 µg/L up to 2 µg/L, depending on beverages bottle type. This may be directly related to the bottle type, especially the quality of the plastic material of the screw cap. Dependent on the plastic material, particle formation increases due to opening and closing operations during the use phase. However, we have also found that some individual determinations of samples were subjected to high errors due to random events. A conclusive quantitative evaluation of the products is therefore not possible at present. KW - Microplastic KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Plastic bottles KW - Bbeverages KW - Filter crucible PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2021.1889042 SN - 1944-0057 VL - 38 IS - 4 SP - 691 EP - 700 PB - Taylor & Francis AN - OPUS4-52323 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Repräsentative Untersuchungsstrategien für ein integratives Systemverständnis von spezifischen Einträgen von Kunststoffen in die Umwelt (RUSEKU) N2 - Der Vortrag wurde im Rahmen der Abschlusskonferenz des Forschungsschwerpunktes "Plastik in der Umwelt" des BMBF gehalten. Er fasst die Ergebnisse des Verbundprojektes RUSEKU zusammen. Es wurde die Herstellung verschiedener Testmaterialien für die Mikroplastik (MP) Analytik beschrieben. Im weiteren geht es um verschiedene Ansätze MP kostengünstig und schnell zu detektieren, z.B. mit Nahinfrarotspektroskopie. Nanoplastik konnte mit der Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie sichtbar gemacht werden. Für die praxisnahe Beprobung von Gewässern wurde die Fraktionierte Filtration entwickelt. Integrale Beprobungen können mit dem Sedimentationskasten erfolgen. Als Beispiele für die Beprobung realer Gewässer wurde das urbane Abwassersystem Kaiserslautern, Getränkewasser und Waschmaschinenwasser gezeigt. T2 - Abschlusskonferenz des Forschungsschwerpunktes "Plastik in der Umwelt" des BMBF CY - Online meeting DA - 20.04.2021 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Probennahme KW - RUSEKU PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52546 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - BAM activities on microplastics N2 - The presentation is about BAM's activities on the topic of microplastics. It describes what BAM has done in this field in recent years. On the one hand, TED-GC/MS is presented as an analytical method, on the other hand, currently available microplastic reference materials are presented. T2 - JRC/BAM Workshop on ILC CY - Online meeting DA - 11.02.2021 KW - Microplastic KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Microplastic particles KW - Reference materials PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52120 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Microplastics at BAM: TED-GC/MS and reference materials N2 - Thsi talk aims to present the activities of microplastic analysis at BAM according to TED-GC/MS and reference materials developement. T2 - Webinar BAM / University of Birmingham CY - Online meeting DA - 15.06.2021 KW - Microplastic KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Reference materials PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53738 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eisentraut, Paul T1 - Fast quantitative detection of microplastics using TED-GC/MS, an innovative thermoanalytical method N2 - Im Vortrag wird die BAM vorgestellt und die Motivation für Engagement im Feld der Mikroplastikanalysen dargelegt. Die Herausforderungen bei der Analyse werden aufgezeigt und der Umgang mit ihnen. Das Arbeitsprinzip der TED-GC/MS sowie Leistungsparameter werden erläutert sowie das Vorgehen zur Identifikation und Quantifizierung von Polymeren in er Umwelt. An ausgewählten Beispielen werden interessante Ergebnisse präsentiert und die Mikroplastikreferenzmaterialien der BAM vorgestellt. N2 - In the talk, the BAM is introduced and the motivation for our engagement in the field of microplastic analysis is explained. The challenges in the analysis of microplastics are shown and how we deal with them. The working principle of TED-GC/MS and its performance parameters are presented, as well as the procedure for identifying and quantifying polymers in environmental samples. Interesting results are shown using selected examples. Finally, BAM's microplastic reference materials are highlighted. T2 - National Environmental Monitoring Conference CY - Online meeting DA - 02.08.2021 KW - Microplastic KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Environmental analysis PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53081 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Mikroplastik – Ein Problem für die Menschheit? N2 - Mikroplastik findet sich in Ozeanen, Seen, Flüssen und Bächen. Es kann in unserem Boden, in der Luft und sogar in Organismen nachgewiesen werden. Jedes Jahr werden weltweit Millionen Tonnen freigesetzt. Doch wo und wie landet Mikroplastik in der Umwelt? Und wie können wir diese winzigen Partikel nachweisen? T2 - Berlin Science Week CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 01.11.2021 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53734 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Braun, U. T1 - Monitoring von Mikroplastik N2 - Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick was bei der Analyse von Mikroplastik zu beachten ist und beschreibt die Vor- und Nachteile der TED-GC/MS. T2 - Abschlusstreffen MikroPlaTas CY - Online meeting DA - 23.06.2021 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Mikroplastik-Analytik PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52916 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -