TY - CONF A1 - Meermann, Björn A1 - Simon, Fabian A1 - Gehrenkemper, Lennart A1 - Von der Au, Marcus T1 - HR-CS-GFMAS as a promising new tool for the analysis of organo-fluorine in environmental samples N2 - New HR-CS-GFMAS based methods for organically bound fluorine detection in environmental samples. T2 - CRC Colloquium - CRC 1349 Fluorine-Specific Interactions CY - Online meeting DA - 21.06.2021 KW - HR-CS-GFMAS KW - Organically bound fluorine KW - Fluorine sum parameter KW - Environmental analysis PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52844 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Fabian A1 - Gehrenkemper, Lennart A1 - von der Au, Marcus A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - A fast and simple extraction method for the determination of PFASs in soil samples - HR-CS-GFMAS a new screening tool N2 - Here, we describe a fast and simple extraction method for the determination of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) utilizing extractable organic fluorine (EOF) sum parameter analysis and high resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) in soil samples. After extraction and separation of inorganic and organic fluorinated compounds, organically bound fluorinated compounds were indirectly determined via the molecular absorption of gallium mono-fluoride at 211.248 nm. The implementation of the decisions of the “Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants” as well as the “Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution” of the UNECE include the reduction respectively the elimination of PFASs in the environment. Currently, regulations aim to target single compounds (mostly C8-PFAS). But the PFAS group includes over 4700 substances, which are potentially persistent and toxic, thus target analytical approaches are not suitable for a holistic approach investigating the PFAS pollutant situation. Furthermore, forbidden PFASs are substituted by short-chain PFASs, thus the number of unknow substances is steadily increasing. For this reason, sum parameter approaches are more suitable to investigate and assess the pollution situation as well as derive exposure limits. Our developed analytical method was successfully applied to determine PFASs in soil samples from a polluted site. In view of steadily increasing numbers of PFAS substances, our method will make an important contribution in assessing the pollution situation as well as support policy makers in deriving exposure limits for PFAS in the future. T2 - ENSOr - International Workshop on Emerging policy challenges on new soil contaminants CY - Online Meeting DA - 06.05.2021 KW - PFAS KW - HR-CS-GFMAS KW - Soil KW - Sediment PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52608 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - Elemental analytical methods in material- & environmental analysis N2 - Materials in contact with the environment release e.g., metal-ions, elemental species and/or (nano-)particles. Once these species and/or particles are released, they are ingested by organisms and cells and thus, might have a negative impact on the environment. Thus, identification as well as quantification of potentially harmful substances is of utmost importance and highly needed to assess ecotoxicological impact of (emerging) pollutants. The oral presentation provides an overview on the power of elemental analytical techniques, in particular: ICP-MS as well as HR-CS-GFMAS in environmental research. Current research topics will be highlighted: i) Elemental Speciation analysis of anti-fouling agents via CE/MC-ICP-MS; ii) Per- and polyfluorinated compounds in surface waters via high resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectroscopy (HR-CS-GFMAS); iii) Single cell and single organism analysis via sc-ICP-ToF-MS and ETV/ICP-MS for ecotoxicological assessment. T2 - Analytical Colloquium at MERCK CY - Online meeting DA - 19.04.2021 KW - HR-CS-GFMAS KW - ICP-ToF-MS KW - ETV/ICP-MS PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52566 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dinter, Adelina-Elisa A1 - An-Stepec, Biwen A1 - Wurzler, Nina A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - Development of a single cell-ICP-ToF-MS-method for multielement analysis of MIC organisms grown on solid steel samples N2 - The latest ICP-MS technology - ICP-ToF (time of flight)-MS – enables the analysis of the multi-element fingerprint of individual cells. The interface between material and environmental analysis thus receives special attention, e.g., when considering corrosion processes. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a highly unpredictable phenomenon due to the influence of the environment, microbial communities involved and the respective electron source. However, the interaction pathway between cells and the metal surface remains unclear. The development of the MIC-specific ICP-ToF-MS analytical method presented here at the single cell level, in combination with the investigation of steel-MIC interactions, contributes significantly to progress in instrumental MIC analysis and will enable clarification of the processes taking place. For this, a MIC-specific staining procedure was developed. It allows the analysis of archaea at a single cell level and provides information about the interaction of the cells with the staining agent which is extremely scarce compared to other well characterized organisms. Additionally, the single cell ICP-ToF-MS is used for the analysis of archaea involved in MIC of steel. Hence, the possible uptake of individual elements from different steel samples is investigated - the information obtained will be used in the future to elucidate underlying mechanisms and develop possible material protection concepts, thus combining modern methods of analytical sciences with materials. T2 - DAAS Doktorandenseminar 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 20.09.2021 KW - Sc-ICP-ToF-MS KW - Single cell analysis KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion KW - Archaea PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53340 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gehrenkemper, Lennart A1 - Simon, Fabian A1 - von der Au, Marcus A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - Detection of PFAS pollution in environmental samples - A Fast & sensitive PFAS sum parameter method using HR CS GFMAS N2 - The substance class of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) comprises more than 5300 organic compounds. PFAS are completely fluorinated on at least one carbon atom. They are associated with negative impacts on human and animal health, are extremely persistent in the environment, and bioaccumulate along food chains. Therefore, PFAS are classified as emerging pollutants. At the same time, their physicochemical properties make them attractive for use in diverse technical applications. They are both hydrophobic and lipophobic and show high thermal as well as chemical resistance due to the strong C-F bond. First regulations of some PFAS in combination with the technically excellent properties generated an innovation pressure and led to an enormous increase in the number of fluorinated substitution compounds. Due to the increasing complexity of this substance class, target analysis is not able to cover such a variety and multitude of analytes. Therefore, a suitable PFAS sum parameter method is necessary for an accurate detection of PFAS pollution in the environment, the identification of PFAS hotspots and an evaluation of appropriate remediation measures. Here we provide insights into the current state of PFAS sum parameter development and present our latest results on method development for the quantitative analysis of PFAS as extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) in environmental samples using high-resolution molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS). For this purpose, we optimized the extraction of PFAS from different solid matrices with simultaneous separation of inorganic fluoride. For quantification resulting extracts were measured using a fluorine specific HR-CS-GFMAS method. By adding gallium salt solutions as modifiers in HR-CS-GFMAS, fluorine can be indirectly quantified very selectively by the in situ formation of GaF with low limits of quantification (instrumental LOQ c(F) < 3 µg/L). Here we will show results from real soil samples from sites with and without known contamination. T2 - 6. Doktorandenseminar des Deutschen Arbeitskreises für Analytische Spektroskopie (DAAS) CY - Online meeting DA - 20.09.2021 KW - High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) KW - Soil KW - Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) KW - Extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) KW - Solid-liquid extraction PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53333 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Fabian A1 - Gehrenkemper, Lennart A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - An improved method for the determination of PFAS using HR-CS-GFMAS via GaF detection N2 - Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of over 4730 individual compounds. Several PFASs are extremely persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic. The analysis of PFASs is challenging because of their various chemical and physical properties as well as the high number of compounds. Target-based approaches (e.g., LC-MS/MS) are limited to the availability of analytical grade standards and are not suitable for the analysis of new/unknown PFASs and transformation products. Therefore, PFAS sum parameter methods become increasingly important to indicate realistic PFAS pollution levels. PFAS sum parameters display the proportion of organically bound fluorine that can either be extracted (EOF) or adsorbed to activated carbon (AOF). For the instrumental analysis of such sum parameters, a fluorine selective detector is needed. High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) is a sensitive and highly selective tool for fluorine determination. The method is based on the in situ formation of diatomic gallium-mono fluoride (GaF) in a graphite furnace at a temperature of 1550°C. The molecular absorption of GaF can be detected at its most sensitive wavelength at 211.248 nm providing limits of quantification of c(F) 2.7 µg/L. Here, we present an improved method for the determination of PFASs using HR-CS-GFMAS via GaF detection. The optimized method includes a Ga pretreatment as described by Gawor et al. resulting in overall lower detection limits. Furthermore, during optimization the influence of species-specific responses during HR-CS-GFMAS analysis was reduced resulting in a more accurate determination of PFAS sum parameters. To test the applicability of the improved method, we analyzed soil samples from a former fire-fighting training area combining the improved method for detection with our previously optimized extraction method for EOF determination in soils. T2 - ESAS - CSSC CY - Brno, Czech Republic DA - 04.09.2022 KW - PFAS KW - HR-CS-GFMAS KW - Fluorine PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55782 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Fabian A1 - Gehrenkemper, Lennart A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - An improved method for the determination of PFAS using HR-CS-GFMAS via GaF detection N2 - Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of over 4730 individual compounds. Several PFASs are extremely persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic. The analysis of PFASs is challenging because of their various chemical and physical properties as well as the high number of compounds. Target-based approaches (e.g., LC-MS/MS) are limited to the availability of analytical grade standards and are not suitable for the analysis of new/unknown PFASs and transformation products. Therefore, PFAS sum parameter methods become increasingly important to indicate realistic PFAS pollution levels. PFAS sum parameters display the proportion of organically bound fluorine that can either be extracted (EOF) or adsorbed to activated carbon (AOF). For the instrumental analysis of such sum parameters, a fluorine selective detector is needed. High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) is a sensitive and highly selective tool for fluorine determination. The method is based on the in situ formation of diatomic gallium-mono fluoride (GaF) in a graphite furnace at a temperature of 1550°C. The molecular absorption of GaF can be detected at its most sensitive wavelength at 211.248 nm providing limits of quantification of c(F) 2.7 µg/L. Here, we present an improved method for the determination of PFASs using HR-CS-GFMAS via GaF detection. The optimized method includes a Ga pretreatment as described by Gawor et al. resulting in overall lower detection limits. Furthermore, during optimization the influence of species-specific responses during HR-CS-GFMAS analysis was reduced resulting in a more accurate determination of PFAS sum parameters. To test the applicability of the improved method, we analyzed soil samples from a former fire-fighting training area combining the improved method for detection with our previously optimized extraction method for EOF determination in soils. T2 - SALSA - Communicating Make and Measure 2022 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.09.2022 KW - PFAS KW - HR-CS-GFMAS KW - Fluorine PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55783 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Olbrich, Adelina-Elisa A1 - An-Stepec, Biwen A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - Multielemental analysis of MIC organisms grown on solid steel samples by means of single cell-ICP-ToF-MS N2 - Inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry (ICP-ToF-MS) enables the analysis of the multi-element fingerprint of individual cells due to a (quasi-)simultaneous detection of about 70 elements of the periodic table. The interface between material and environmental analysis thus receives special attention, e.g., when considering corrosion processes. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a highly unpredictable phenomenon due to the influence of the environment, microbial communities involved and the respective electron source. However, the interaction pathway between cells and the metal surface remains unclear. The development of the MIC-specific ICP-ToF-MS analytical method presented here, in combination with the investigation of steel-MIC interactions, contributes significantly to progress in instrumental MIC analysis and will enable clarification of the processes taking place. For this, a MIC-specific staining procedure was developed which ensures the analysis of intact cells. It allows the studies of archaea at a single cell level which is extremely scarce compared to other well characterized organisms. Additionally, the single cell ICP-ToF-MS is used for the analysis of archaea involved in MIC of steel. Hence, the possible uptake of individual elements from different steel samples is investigated - the information obtained will be used in the future to elucidate underlying mechanisms and develop possible material protection concepts, thus combining modern methods of analytical sciences with materials research. T2 - DGMS Young Scientists Fall Meeting 2022 CY - Hünfeld, Germany DA - 28.09.2022 KW - Single cell KW - Microbiological influenced corrosion MIC KW - Sc-ICP-ToF-MS KW - Method development PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55910 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - New possibilities in single cell analysis via ICP-ToF-MS – zooming into the region where materials meet environment N2 - Materials are key for our modern communities; current life seems nearly impossible without concrete, plastic and metal. In particular metals play important roles in all areas of our daily life - from building materials to high tech products. However, due to the increasing consumption of metals and corresponding waste production, an elevated release of metals from buildings and consumer goods into the environment takes place. Furthermore, metals in direct contact with the environment undergo corrosion processes which leads also to a release of metals into the (aquatic) environment. Besides this immediate metal release, the lifespan of products/buildings are substantially reduced – hence unnecessary economic costs arise. Thus, research in this regard is needed within the force field of metal/material  environment. However, to evaluate the environmental impact of materials as well as developing “safe” materials, new analytical methods are highly needed. One promising powerful tool in this regard is single cell-ICP-ToF-MS for multi-elemental analysis on a single cell/organism level. Within this presentation the concept, strength as well as challenge of single cell-ICP-MS are briefly introduced. Afterwards, two application examples are presented: (i) assessing the environmental impact of metals and (ii) the impact of the environment on metal-based materials and the derivation of potential environmental-friendly material protection strategies. These applications highlight the strength of new analytical approaches to explore the durability and safety of newly developed materials. Thus, analytical chemistry is one corner stone to transformation of modern society into circular economy (CEco). (i) Diatoms are located at the bottom of the food chain. Thus, toxicological relevant metals taken up by diatoms can possibly accumulate within the food web and cause harmful effects. Diatoms are a common test system in ecotoxicology. To investigate potential metal uptake and harmful effects on a single cell level, we developed an on-line single cell-ICP-ToF-MS approach for multi-elemental diatom analysis. Our approach is a new potential tool in ecotoxicological testing for metal-based materials. (ii) Next to classical corrosion processes, microorganisms are responsible for so called microbially influenced corrosion (MIC). MIC is a highly unpredictable process relying on the interaction pathways between cells and the metal surface. To shed light on MIC processes and derivate potential metal protection strategies, we applied single cell-ICP-ToF-MS for MIC research on a single bacteria/archaea level. It turned out that microorganism are taking up particular metals from alloys - thus, single bacteria-ICP-ToF-MS will enable the development of environmental friendly corrosion protection strategies. T2 - 10th Nordic Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY - Loen, Norway DA - 12.06.2022 KW - sc-ICP-ToF-MS KW - Material - Environment interaction KW - Diatom, Bacteria PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55533 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Fabian A1 - Faßbender, Sebastian A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - Mercury speciation in sediments of industrially impacted water bodies in Northern Germany using SSID GC/ICP-ToF-MS N2 - Sediments and soils can act as sinks of species of inorganic mercury (Hg2+), while they are simultaneously sources of organic species, such as monomethylmercury (MMHg). Although the fraction of MMHg in total Hg of sediments is suggested to be only 0.1–1%, MMHg poses a threat for humans and wildlife due to its toxic properties, high bioaccumulation potential and the ability to pass the blood-brain barrier. One example of a highly Hg contaminated waterbody is the Finow Canal, the oldest artificial waterway still in operation in Germany. Here, Hg mass fractions of up to 100 µg/g were found in the sediment in previous studies. These are suggested to be associated with a chemical plant producing mercury-based seed dressings. Despite this high mass fraction of Hg, no Hg speciation studies have been conducted there up to now. In this study, Hg speciation in sediments of Finow Canal at locations before and after the known polluted site was conducted using species-specific isotope dilution (SSID) GC-ICP-ToF-MS. Mass fractions of up to 0.41 µg/g MMHg were determined. In addition, waterbodies around the initially polluted site were investigated and elevated concentrations were also determined around 14 km downstream. For MMHg analysis, the performance of ICP-ToF-MS for SSID GC/ICP-MS was compared with ICP-Q-MS and ICP-SF-MS. Here, isotope ratio precision was similar between the tested instruments. However, the (quasi-) simultaneous detection of the whole mass spectrum will probably offer a much higher precision of ICP-ToF-MS, when more than one isotope system is used. These results are the first evidence of the occurrence of MMHg in this region and show the need for further investigations of the whole regional ecosystem, as well as the consideration of possible measures of remediation. SSID GC-ICP-(ToF)-MS is a suitable tool for investigating species-specific (multi) isotope systems for environmental monitoring. T2 - 33. Doktorandenseminar des AK Separation Science CY - Hohenroda, Germany DA - 08.01.2023 KW - Mercury KW - GC/ICP-ToF-MS KW - Isotope dilution PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-56816 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -