TY - JOUR A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Roesch, Philipp A1 - Wittwer, Philipp A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Lisec, Jan A1 - Sommerfeld, Thomas A1 - Kluge, Stephanie A1 - Herzel, Hannes A1 - Huthwelker, T. A1 - Borca, C. A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in various wastewater-derived fertilizers – analytical investigations from different perspectives JF - Environmental Science: Advances N2 - Solid wastewater-based fertilizers were screened for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by the extractable organic fluorine (EOF) sum parameter method. The EOF values for ten sewage sludges from Germany and Switzerland range from 154 to 7209 mg kg−1. For thermal treated sewage sludge and struvite the EOF were lower with values up to 121 mg kg−1. Moreover, the application of PFAS targeted and suspect screening analysis of selected sewage sludge samples showed that only a small part of the EOF sum parameter values can be explained by the usually screened legacy PFAS. The hitherto unknown part of EOF sum parameter contains also fluorinated pesticides, pharmaceutical and aromatic compounds. Because these partly fluorinated compounds can degrade to (ultra-)short PFAS in wastewater treatment plants they should be considered as significant sources of organic fluorine in the environment. The combined results of sum parameter analysis and suspect screening reveal the need to update current regulations, such as the German fertilizer ordinance, to focus not solely on a few selected PFAS such as perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) but consider an additional sum parameter approach as a more holistic alternative. Moreover, diffusion gradient in thin-films (DGT) passive samplers were utilized as an alternative simplified extraction method for PFAS in solid wastewater-based fertilizers and subsequently quantified via combustion ion chromatography. However, the DGT method was less sensitive and only comparable to the EOF values of the fertilizers in samples with >150 mg kg−1, because of different diffusion properties for various PFAS, but also kinetic exchange limitations. KW - Combustion Ion Chromatography KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Sewage sludge KW - Fertilizer PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-583429 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d3va00178d VL - 2 IS - 10 SP - 1436 EP - 1445 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) AN - OPUS4-58342 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steinhäuser, Lorin A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Westphalen, Tanja A1 - Kaminski, Katja T1 - Evaluation, comparison and combination of molecularly imprinted polymer solid phase extraction and classical solid phase extraction for the preconcentration of endocrine disrupting chemicals from representative whole water samples JF - Talanta Open N2 - Estrogens are endocrine disrupting chemicals and of high concerns due to demonstrated harmful effects on the environment and low effect levels. For monitoring and risk assessment, several estrogens were included in the "watch list" of the EU Water Framework Directive which sets very low environmental quality standard (EQS) levels for Estrone (E1) and 17β-Estradiol (E2) of 0.4 ng L−1 and for 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) of 0.035 ng L−1 requiring sensitive detection methods, as well as extensive sample preparation. A sensitive, derivatization-free, isotope dilution calibration HPLC-MS/MS method for a panel of 5 selected estrogens (including the 3 estrogens of the EU WFD watchlist), and a procedure for the reproducible preparation of a representative whole water matrix including mineral water, humic acids and solid particulate matter are presented. These are used in a diligent comparison of classical solid phase extraction (SPE) on hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced (HLB) phase to SPE on an estrogen-specific molecularly imprinted polymer phase (MISPE) for ultra-trace levels of the analytes (1–10 ng L−1). Additionally, a two-step procedure combining HLB SPE disks followed by MISPE is evaluated. The tow-step procedure provides superior enrichment, matrix removal and sample throughput while maintaining comparable recovery rates to simple cartridge SPE. Estimated method quantification limits (MQLs) range from 0.109–0.184 ng L−1 and thus meet EQS-levels for E1 and E2, but not EE2. The representative whole water matrix provides a reproducible comparison of sample preparation methods and lays the foundation for a certified reference material for estrogen analysis. The presented method will serve as the basis for an extended validation study to assess its use for estrogen monitoring in the environment. KW - Estrogens KW - Whole water samples KW - Molecular imprinted polymers KW - EU-WFD PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-563547 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2022.100163 SN - 2666-8319 VL - 6 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam, Niederlande AN - OPUS4-56354 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Steinhäuser, Lorin A1 - Lardy-Fontan, S. A1 - Lalere, B. A1 - Le Diouron, V. A1 - Heath, E. A1 - Ana Kovačič, A. A1 - Potalivo, M. A1 - de Zorzi, P. A1 - Centioli, D. A1 - Naykki, T. A1 - Viidanoja, J. A1 - Gökcen, T. A1 - Budzinski, H. A1 - Le Menach, K. A1 - Selih, V. T1 - EDC-WFD: A project to deliver reliable measurements for better monitoring survey and risks assessments. N2 - Monitoring programs should generate high-quality data on the concentrations of substances and other pollutants in the aquatic environment to enable reliable risk assessment. Furthermore, the need for comparability over space and time is critical for analysis of trends and evaluation of restoration of natural environment. Additionally, research work and exercises at the European level have highlighted that reliable measurements of estrogenic substances at the PNEC level are still challenging to achieve. The project EDC-WFD Metrology for monitoring endocrine disrupting compounds under the EU Water Framework Directive aims to develop traceable analytical methods for determining endocrine disrupting compounds and their effects, with a specific focus on three estrogens of the first watch list (17-beta-estradiol (17βE2), 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and estrone (E1)). Estrogens 17-alpha-estradiol (17E2) and estriol (E3) will be included to demonstrate the reliability of the developed methods and to support the requirements of Directive 2013/39/EC, Directive 2009/90/EC and Commission Implementation Decision (EU) 2018/840, hence improving the comparability and compatibility of measurement results within Europe. During the EDC-WFD project four selected effect-based methods (EBM) will be deeply investigated in order to improve their rationale use and their support in water quality assessment. In particular, the EBM sensitivity, specificity and accuracy on reference materials with single or mixture solutions of the five substances at a concentration of EQS values will be explored. This contribution will present the objectives and methods applied within the EDC-WFD project. T2 - EuChemS CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 29.08.2022 KW - WFD KW - Estrogens KW - Whole water samples KW - EQS PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-57096 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Kovačič, A. A1 - Steinhäuser, Lorin A1 - Heath, E. A1 - Lardy-Fontan, S. T1 - A method for monitoring estrogens in whole surface waters by GC-MS/MS N2 - Natural and synthetic estrogens are key endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Despite occurring at ultra-trace levels (below ng L-1), it is believed that they are contributing to an increase in feminized fish and other endocrine disruptive effects, and hence, their inclusion in the Watch list was not unexpected. One of the main sources ofestrogens to surface waters is wastewater effluent. Once in surface waters, they can partition into different compartments, i.e., water and suspended particulate matter. For this reason, there is an urgent need for a methodology to monitor estrogen levels below the environmental quality standards (EQS) set by the Water Framework Directive requirements. In this study, a precise and accurate gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method (GC-MS/MS) for the analysis of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), 17α-estradiol (17α- E2), 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and estriol (E3) in whole water samples with ng L-1 limit of quantification (LOQ) was developed and validated in accordance with CEN/TS 16800:2020 guidelines. T2 - IMSC 2022 CY - Maastricht, Netherlands DA - 27.08.2022 KW - EDC KW - WFD KW - GC-MS PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-57097 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bilsel, M. A1 - Gökçen, T. A1 - Binici, B. A1 - Isleyen, A. A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Kar-wai, A. A1 - Krylov, A. A1 - Miheeva, A. A1 - Beliakov, M. A1 - Palagina, M. A1 - chenko, Irina Tka A1 - Perkola, N. A1 - Lewin, M. A1 - Hua, T. T1 - High polarity analyte(s) in aqueous media: determination of L-PFOA and L-PFOS in ground water JF - Metrologia N2 - The CCQM-K156 comparison was coordinated by TUBITAK UME on behalf of the Organic Analysis Working Group (OAWG) of the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM) for National Measurement Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) which provide measurement services in organic analysis under the 'Comité International des Poids et Mesures' Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA). Perfluoro alkyl substances (PFAS) such as PFOS and PFOA have been used in numerous industrial applications and products. Because of their high stability and resistance to biodegradation, atmospheric photooxidation, direct photolysis and hydrolysis, they are extremely persistent in the environment. The European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive lists PFOS as a priority hazardous substance that poses a significant risk to the aquatic environment. The use of PFOS-containing Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (AFFFs) has been banned since June 2011 in the EU. As relatively water-soluble, effectively non-degradable compounds, PFOS and PFOA migrate to ground water. They are not removed in the conventional drinking water treatment, and therefore cause health risks in polluted areas. The EU Drinking Water Directive and the European Commission has proposed a limit value of 100 ng/L for the sum of 20 PFAS, including PFOS and PFOA. This study provides the means for assessing measurement capabilities for determination of high polarity measurands in a procedure that requires extraction, clean-up, analytical separation and detection. Successful participation in CCQM-K156 demonstrates measurement capabilities in determining mass fraction of organic compounds, with a molecular mass of 200 g/mol to 700 g/mol, having high polarity pKow -2, in a mass fraction range from 0.5 ng/kg to 500 ng/kg in aqueous media. Nine NMIs and DIs participated in the CCQM-K156 key comparison. Seven institutes reported their results. SPE was applied in the sample pre-treatment and LC-MS was applied for detection. All participating laboratories applied isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) techniques for quantification. Participants established the metrological traceability of their results using certified reference materials (CRMs) from NMIs with stated traceability; where commercially available high purity materials were used the purity was determined in-house. The CCQM-K156 results for L-PFOA and L-PFOS range from 2.75 ng/kg to 5.50 ng/kg with a % RSD of 19.5 % for L-PFOA and from 2.04 ng/kg to 4.45 ng/kg with a % RSD of 21.3 % for L-PFOS. The KCRV was assigned using a Hierarchical Bayesian Random Effects Model (HB REM) estimator from the values reported by six of the participants. One participant result of L-PFOS and one result of L-PFOA were excluded from the KCRV for technical reasons. The KCRV was 4.9 ng/kg ± 0.4 ng/kg for L-PFOA and 3.8 ng/kg ± 0.4 ng/kg for L-PFOS. The six institutes that were included in the assignment of consensus KCRV all agreed within their standard uncertainties. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA). KW - PFAS KW - Surface water KW - ILC KW - CCQM PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/59/1A/08016 VL - 59 IS - 1A SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - IOP Publishing AN - OPUS4-58941 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - von Törne, Jannik Wipert A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Karnstedt, L. T1 - Einblicke in das Transformationsverhalten von Warfarin T2 - Umwelteinflüsse erfassen, simulieren, bewerten N2 - Warfarin ist seit den 1950er Jahren einer der bekanntesten Gerinnungshemmer. Beim Menschen wird es bis heute zur Vorbeugung von Thrombose und der Behandlung von Vorhofflimmern und Arrhythmie eingesetzt. Doch schon einige Jahre vor der FDA Zulassung (U. S. Food and Drug Administration) als Medikament wurde es zur Bekämpfung von Nagetieren eingesetzt. Bis heute wurde es nur teilweise durch weitaus wirksamere antikoagulante Rodentizide (ARs) der zweiten Generation, sogenannte Superwarfarine, ersetzt. In der Fachliteratur finden sich zahlreiche Beispiele für sekundäre und tertiäre Vergiftung mit ARs bei Wildtieren und anderen Nichtzieltieren. Bisher ist relativ wenig über die Bioakkumulation, Persistenz und Toxizität von ARs und deren Transformationsprodukten (TPs) in der terrestrischen und aquatischen Umwelt, sowie der Nahrungskette bekannt. Um Einblicke in mögliche Transformations- und Abbauprozesse von Warfarin unter umweltrelevanten Bedingungen zu erhalten und um diese Einflüsse zu simulieren, wurde hierzu eine elektrochemische Reaktorzelle in Kopplung mit einem Massenspektrometer verwendet. So können mögliche Phase-I-Metabolite und sogenannte „oxidation products“ vorausgesagt werden. Hinsichtlich des Verhaltens während der Wasseraufbereitung in Kläranlagen wurden technisch relevante Prozesse wie Chlorung, UV-Bestrahlung und Ozonung in Modellen simuliert, um hier potenzielle Abbauwege und -prozesse aufzuklären. Gebildete Transformationsprodukte wurden daher mittels unterschiedlicher chromatografischer Verfahren getrennt und massenspektrometrisch identifiziert, charakterisiert und verglichen. T2 - 49. Jahrestagung der GUS 2020 CY - Stutensee, Blankenloch DA - 24.03.2021 KW - Warfarin KW - Transformationsprodukte KW - Umweltverhalten PY - 2021 SN - 978-3-9818507-6-5 VL - 49 SP - 265 EP - 272 AN - OPUS4-53963 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thinnes, A. A1 - Westenberger, M. A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Letho, L. A1 - Wirth, F. A1 - Lau, H. A1 - Klein, J. T1 - Cholinergic and metabolic effects of metformin in mouse brain JF - Brain Research Bulletin N2 - Metformin is widely used as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, but central effects of metformin have received little attention. When metformin (200 mg/kg i.p.) was administered to C57Bl6 mice, metformin concentration in cerebrospinal fluid peaked at 29 μM after 30 min but dropped quickly and was low at 90 min. In mouse hypothalamus sampled by microdialysis, systemically administered metformin caused minor and transient increases of acetylcholine, glucose and lactate while choline levels decreased. When metformin (0.2−10 mM) was locally infused via retrodialysis, there was a short-lasting increase of acetylcholine in the hypothalamus. Extracellular lactate levels in hypothalamus showed a massive increase upon metformin infusion while glucose levels decreased. In isolated mitochondria of mouse brain, metformin inhibited oxygen consumption and the activity of complex I. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration likely explains lactate formation in the brain during metformin infusion which may cause lactic acidosis during metformin intoxication. The changes of cholinergic activity in the hypothalamus may be associated with appetite suppression observed during metformin treatment. KW - Metformin KW - Blood-brain barrier KW - Lactate KW - Glucose KW - Microdialysis KW - Hypothalamus PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.02.018 SN - 0361-9230 VL - 170 SP - 211 EP - 217 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam, Niederlande AN - OPUS4-52189 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Faßbender, Sebastian A1 - von der Au, Marcus A1 - Koenig, Maren A1 - Pelzer, J. A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - Species-specific isotope dilution analysis of monomethylmercury in sediment using GC/ICP-ToF-MS and comparison with ICP-Q-MS and ICP-SF-MS JF - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry N2 - A recently introduced inductively coupled plasma-time-of-flight-mass spectrometer (ICP-ToF-MS) shows enhanced sensitivity compared to previous developments and superior isotope ratio precision compared to other ToF and commonly used single-collector ICP-MS instruments. Following this fact, an improvement for isotope dilution ICP-MS using the new instrumentation has been reported. This study aimed at investigating whether this improvement also meets the requirements of species-specific isotope dilution using GC/ICP-MS, where short transient signals are recorded. The results of the analysis of monomethylmercury (MMHg) of a sediment reference material show that isotope ratio precision of ICP-MS instruments equipped with quadrupole, sector-field, and time-of-flight mass analyzers is similar within a broad range of peak signal-to-noise ratio when analyzing one isotopic system. The procedural limit of quantification (LOQ) for MMHg, expressed as mass fraction of Hg being present as MMHg, w(Hg)MMHg, was similar as well for all investigated instruments and ranged between 0.003 and 0.016 μg/kg. Due to the simultaneous detection capability, the ICP-ToF-MS might, however, be more favorable when several isotopic systems are analyzed within one measurement. In a case study, the GC/ICP-ToF-MS coupling was applied for analysis of MMHg in sediments of Finow Canal, a historic German canal heavily polluted with mercury. Mass fractions between 0.180 and 41 μg/kg (w(Hg)MMHg) for MMHg, and 0.056 and 126 mg/kg (w(Hg)total) for total mercury were found in sediment samples taken from the canal upstream and downstream of a former chemical plant. KW - Methylmercury KW - Legacy pollution KW - Finow Canal KW - Isotope dilution KW - Mercury speciation PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-529967 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03497-z SN - 1618-2642 VL - 413 IS - 21 SP - 5279 EP - 5289 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-52996 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westwood, S. A1 - Martos, G. A1 - Josephs, R. A1 - Choteau, T. A1 - Wielgosz, R. A1 - Davies, S. A1 - Moawad, M. A1 - Tarrant, G. A1 - Chan, B. A1 - Alamgir, M. A1 - de Rego, E. A1 - Wollinger, W. A1 - Garrido, B. A1 - Fernandes, J. A1 - de Sena, R. A1 - Oliveira, R. A1 - Melanson, J. A1 - Bates, J. A1 - Mai Le, P. A1 - Meija, J. A1 - Quan, C. A1 - Huang, T. A1 - Zhang, W. A1 - Ma, R. A1 - Zhang, S. A1 - Hao, Y. A1 - He, Y. A1 - Song, S. A1 - Wang, H. A1 - Su, F. A1 - Zhang, T. A1 - Li, H. A1 - Lam, W. A1 - Wong, W. A1 - Fung, W. A1 - Philipp, Rosemarie A1 - Dorgerloh, Ute A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Riedel, Juliane A1 - Westphalen, Tanja A1 - Giannikopoulou, P. A1 - Alexopoulos, Ch. A1 - Kakoulides, E. A1 - Kitamaki, Y. A1 - Yamazaki, T. A1 - Shimizu, Y. A1 - Kuroe, M. A1 - Numata, M. A1 - Pérez-Castorena, A. A1 - Balderas-Escamilla, M. A1 - Garcia-Escalante, J. A1 - Krylov, A. A1 - Mikheeva, A. A1 - Beliakov, M. A1 - Palagina, M. A1 - Tkachenko, I. A1 - Spirin, S. A1 - Smirnov, V. A1 - Tang Lin, T. A1 - Pui Sze, C. A1 - Juan, W. A1 - Lingkai, W. A1 - Ting, L. A1 - Quinde, L. A1 - Yizhao, C. A1 - Lay Peng, S. A1 - Fernandes-Whaley, M. A1 - Prevoo-Franzsen, D. A1 - Quinn, L. A1 - Nhlapo, N. A1 - Mkhize, D. A1 - Marajh, D. A1 - Chamane, S. A1 - Ahn, S. A1 - Choi, K. A1 - Lee, S. A1 - Han, J. A1 - Baek, S. A1 - Kim, B. A1 - Marbumrung, S. A1 - Jongmesuk, P. A1 - Shearman, K. A1 - Boonyakong, C. A1 - Bilsel, M. A1 - Gündüz, S. A1 - Ün, I. A1 - Yilmaz, H. A1 - Bilsel, G. A1 - Gökçen, T. A1 - Clarkson, C. A1 - Warren, J. A1 - Achtar, E. T1 - Mass fraction assignment of Bisphenol-A high purity material JF - Metrologia N2 - The CCQM-K148.a comparison was coordinated by the BIPM on behalf of the CCQM Organic Analysis Working Group for NMIs and DIs which provide measurement services in organic analysis under the CIPM MRA. It was undertaken as a "Track A" comparison within the OAWG strategic plan. CCQM-K148.a demonstrates capabilities for assigning the mass fraction content of a solid organic compound having moderate molecular complexity, where the compound has a molar mass in the range (75 - 500) g/mol and is non-polar (pKow < −2), when present as the primary organic component in a neat organic solid and where the mass fraction content of the primary component in the material is in excess of 950 mg/g. Participants were required to report the mass fraction of Bisphenol A present in one supplied unit of the comparison material. Participants using a mass balance method for the assignment were also required to report their assignments of the impurity components present in the material. Methods used by the seventeen participating NMIs or DIs were predominantly based on either stand-alone mass balance (summation of impurities) or qNMR approaches, or the combination of data obtained using both methods. The results obtained using thermal methods based on freezing-point depression methods were also reported by a limited number of participants. There was excellent agreement between assignments obtained using all three approaches to assign the BPA content. The assignment of the values for the mass fraction content of BPA consistent with the KCRV was achieved by most of the comparison participants with an associated relative standard uncertainty in the assigned value in the range (0.1 - 0.5)%. KW - Bisphenol-A KW - Purity assessment KW - Interlaboratory key comparison KW - Metrology PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/58/1A/08015 VL - 58 IS - 1A SP - 08015 PB - IOP Publishing AN - OPUS4-54188 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Hein, Sebastian A1 - von Törne, Jannik Wipert A1 - Kaminski, Katja A1 - Klyk-Seitz, Urszula-Anna T1 - NSO-Heterozyklen – Zwischen Rattengift und Normung N2 - Warfarin als ein Vertreter der NSO-Hetereozyklen, ist seit den 1950er Jahren einer der bekanntesten Gerinnungshemmer. Beim Menschen wird es bis heute zur Vorbeugung von Thrombose und der Behandlung von Vorhofflimmern und Arrhythmie eingesetzt. Doch schon einige Jahre vor der FDA Zulassung als Medikament wurde es zur Bekämpfung von Nagetieren eingesetzt. Bis heute wurde es nur teilweise durch weitaus wirksamere antikoagulante Rodentizide (ARs) der zweiten Generation, sogenannte Superwarfarine, ersetzt. In der Fachliteratur finden sich zahlreiche Beispiele für sekundäre und tertiäre Vergiftung mit ARs bei Wildtieren und anderen Nichtzieltieren. Bisher ist relativ wenig über die Bioakkumulation, Persistenz und Toxizität von ARs und deren Transformationsprodukten (TPs) in der terrestrischen und aquatischen Umwelt, sowie der Nahrungskette bekannt. Um Einblicke in mögliche Transformations- und Abbauprozesse von Warfarin zu erhalten und um Umwelteinflüsse zu simulieren, wurde es in einer elektrochemischen Reaktorzelle oxidativ umgesetzt und mittels Massenspektrometrie analysiert. Hinsichtlich der Wasseraufbereitung in Kläranlagen wurden technisch relevante Simulationsverfahren wie Chlorung, UV-Bestrahlung und Ozonung angewendet um potentielle Eliminierungswege aufzuklären. Gebildete Transformationsprodukte wurden daher mittels unterschiedlicher chromatografischer Verfahren getrennt, massenspektrometrisch analysiert und verglichen. T2 - MS-Tage CY - Düsseldorf, Germany DA - 03.12.2019 KW - GC-MS KW - Warfarin KW - NSO-Heterozyklen PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49974 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -