TY - CONF A1 - Steglich, P. A1 - Mai, C. A1 - Bondarenko, S. A1 - Paul, Martin A1 - Weller, Michael G. A1 - Schrader, S. A1 - Mai, A. T1 - BioPIC - Integration of Biosensors based on Photonic Integrated Circuits by Local-Backside Etching N2 - Silicon photonic sensors are promising candidates for lab-on-a-chip solutions with versatile applications and scalable production prospects using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication methods. However, the widespread use has been hindered because the sensing area adjoins optical and electrical components making packaging and sensor handling challenging. In this work, a local back-side release of the photonic sensor is employed, enabling a separation of the sensing area from the rest of the chip. This approach allows preserving the compatibility of photonic integrated circuits in the front-end of line and metal interconnects in the back-end of line. T2 - ATTRACT online Conference CY - Online meeting DA - 22.09.2020 KW - Silicon Photonics KW - Photonic Sensor KW - Photonic Integrated Circuits KW - Point-Of-Care-Diagnostics KW - CMOS KW - Microfluidics KW - Lab-on-a-chip KW - Ring resonator PY - 2020 UR - https://attract-eu.com/showroom/project/integration-of-biosensors-based-on-photonic-integrated-circuits-by-local-backside-etching-biopic/ SP - 1 EP - 5 AN - OPUS4-51735 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - von Törne, Jannik Wipert A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Karnstedt, L. T1 - Einblicke in das Transformationsverhalten von Warfarin N2 - Warfarin ist seit den 1950er Jahren einer der bekanntesten Gerinnungshemmer. Beim Menschen wird es bis heute zur Vorbeugung von Thrombose und der Behandlung von Vorhofflimmern und Arrhythmie eingesetzt. Doch schon einige Jahre vor der FDA Zulassung (U. S. Food and Drug Administration) als Medikament wurde es zur Bekämpfung von Nagetieren eingesetzt. Bis heute wurde es nur teilweise durch weitaus wirksamere antikoagulante Rodentizide (ARs) der zweiten Generation, sogenannte Superwarfarine, ersetzt. In der Fachliteratur finden sich zahlreiche Beispiele für sekundäre und tertiäre Vergiftung mit ARs bei Wildtieren und anderen Nichtzieltieren. Bisher ist relativ wenig über die Bioakkumulation, Persistenz und Toxizität von ARs und deren Transformationsprodukten (TPs) in der terrestrischen und aquatischen Umwelt, sowie der Nahrungskette bekannt. Um Einblicke in mögliche Transformations- und Abbauprozesse von Warfarin unter umweltrelevanten Bedingungen zu erhalten und um diese Einflüsse zu simulieren, wurde hierzu eine elektrochemische Reaktorzelle in Kopplung mit einem Massenspektrometer verwendet. So können mögliche Phase-I-Metabolite und sogenannte „oxidation products“ vorausgesagt werden. Hinsichtlich des Verhaltens während der Wasseraufbereitung in Kläranlagen wurden technisch relevante Prozesse wie Chlorung, UV-Bestrahlung und Ozonung in Modellen simuliert, um hier potenzielle Abbauwege und -prozesse aufzuklären. Gebildete Transformationsprodukte wurden daher mittels unterschiedlicher chromatografischer Verfahren getrennt und massenspektrometrisch identifiziert, charakterisiert und verglichen. T2 - 49. Jahrestagung der GUS 2020 CY - Stutensee, Blankenloch DA - 24.03.2021 KW - Warfarin KW - Transformationsprodukte KW - Umweltverhalten PY - 2021 SN - 978-3-9818507-6-5 VL - 49 SP - 265 EP - 272 AN - OPUS4-53963 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tang, Chi-Long A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Seeger, Stefan A1 - Kalus, Sabine A1 - Erdmann, Kerstin T1 - Chemical characterization of ultrafine particles released from 3D printers N2 - Previous studies have shown that desktop 3D printers (Fused Filament Fabrication) emit high numbers of particulate matter, mainly as ultrafine particles (UFP, particle diameter less than 100 nm). However, the chemical composition of emitted particles has been less extensively investigated. In this study, we therefore focused on the chemical composition of particles emitted from 3D printing. The measurements were conducted in a 1 m³ emission test chamber. Emitted particles were sampled by a 13-stage low-pressure cascade impactor onto aluminum foils and then analyzed by TD-GC/MS to identify their organic compounds. Nine commercial filaments made from basic polymers such as Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA), Polycarbonate (PC), Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), Nylon, High Performance Polystyrene (HIPS) and a copper-filled Polylactide (PLA) were investigated. The results show that the organic components of the particles are primarily plastic additives such as plasticizer, antioxidant agents, lubricants, UV-absorbers and UV-stabilizers from the filaments. T2 - 17th International Conference Healthy Buildings Europe 2021 CY - Online Meeting DA - 21.06.2021 KW - Chemical characterization KW - FFF-3D-Printer KW - UFP KW - Chamber measurement PY - 2021 SP - 251 EP - 252 AN - OPUS4-54255 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Seeger, Stefan A1 - Brödner, Doris A1 - Erdmann, Kerstin A1 - Rasch, Fabian T1 - Chemical characterization of ultra-fine particles released from laser printers N2 - 11 laser printers from 5 manufacturers were purchased in 2017 and tested for their UFP emissions. Size resolved sampling of the emitted particles was done with a 13 stage (30 nm to 10 µm) low pressure cascade impactor. The sampled particles were analysed for their chemical composition by thermal extraction (vaporization at 290°C) followed by GC-MS analysis. High boiling cyclic siloxanes (D10 to D16) were detected as constituents of UFP from laser printers. In comparison to measurements in 2008, aliphatic long-chain alkanes (C22 to C34) were detected additionally as chemical constituents of UFP from most of the tested printers and their amounts were higher than for cyclic siloxanes. Printers of one manufacturer showed very low UPF emissions compared to the other manufacturers. T2 - Indoor Air Conference 2022 CY - Kuopio, Finland DA - 12.06.2022 KW - UFP KW - Thermal extraction KW - Cascade impactor PY - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-55106 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Klein, Luise A1 - Wilke, Olaf T1 - Chamber comparison for the determination of initial VOC emissions from consumer products N2 - Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from consumer products contribute to human inhalation exposure and may cause adverse health effects. Existing methods to determine long-term VOC emissions from e.g. building products need to be verified for their suitability to reliably detect initial VOC emissions from consumer products within the first hours and days of use, which would facilitate realistic inhalation exposure assessments. To investigate this issue, VOCs emitted from a test sample were determined in a large-scale emission test chamber and in two micro-chambers of different volumes, and the results were compared. T2 - Healthy Buildings 2023 Europe CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 11.06.2023 KW - Micro-chamber KW - Emission test chamber KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Inhalation exposure KW - Consumer products PY - 2023 SP - 6 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-58055 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ronen, A. A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Leube, Peter A1 - Ben Efraim, R. A1 - Nir, O. A1 - Chaudhary, M. A1 - Futterlieb, M. A1 - Panglisch, S. T1 - DEFEAT-PFAS: Detection, Quantification, and Treatment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Groundwater N2 - The research project focuses on tackling the detection, measurement, and elimination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from polluted groundwater, with a particular emphasis on addressing short (C4-C7) and ultrashort (C1-C3) chain PFAS. Given the widespread use of PFAS in various products, they are commonly found in groundwater near industrial and military sites in Germany and Israel. Moreover, recent regulations limiting the use of long chain PFAS have led industries to shift towards shorter chain alternatives. Hence, our efforts are geared towards refining detection, quantification, and removal methods for short and ultrashort chain PFAS. In terms of detection, ww are developing passive sampling devices capable of collecting and tracking the temporal distribution of PFAS species in groundwater. This will enable us to analyze contaminations in German and Israeli groundwater using cutting-edge analytical techniques. Additionally, contaminated groundwater will undergo a two-stage treatment process aimed at concentrating the relatively low PFAS concentrations using innovative membrane technologies such as closed-circuit reverse osmosis and mixed matrix composite nanofiltration membrane adsorbers. Subsequently, the streams containing higher PFAS concentrations will be treated through coagulation, with the remaining PFAS being adsorbed onto carbonaceous nanomaterials. The outcome of this research will include the creation of advanced tools for detecting, measuring, and eliminating PFAS from polluted groundwater, while also enhancing our understanding of the scope of these contaminations. T2 - German Israeli Water Technology Status Seminar CY - Koblenz, Germany DA - 18.06.2024 KW - Ground water KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Remediation PY - 2024 UR - https://indico.scc.kit.edu/event/4029/attachments/7552/12045/Proceedings_Ger-Isr-Coop_Status-Seminar-2024.pdf SP - 33 EP - 36 AN - OPUS4-60331 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Narayanan, A. A1 - Duddi, M. A1 - Kocherla, Amarteja A1 - Subramaniam, K. V. L. T1 - Continuous monitoring of the early-age strength development of cement paste using embeddable piezoelectric-based ultrasonic transducers N2 - A piezoelectric-based ultrasonic transducer that can be embedded at the time of casting is developed for the purpose of continuously monitoring the early-age strength development of cement paste. The transducers that have been developed are equipped with various levels of protection in order to enhance their resilience in an alkaline environment and mitigate the risk of short-circuits. The transducers are operated in actuator-receiver mode. The obtained ultrasonic signal is analyzed in frequency domain. The initial and final setting time estimated from calorimetry measurements demonstrated a strong agreement with the proposed frequency domain approach. The observed behavior of concrete in wave transmission measurements exhibits similarities to that of an electronic filter. Initially, concrete behaves similar to a low-pass filter, but as time elapses, it transitions into a high-pass filter. T2 - 9th Civil Structural Health Monitoring Workshop (CSHM-9) CY - Kuwait City, Kuwait DA - 12.02.2024 KW - Hydration KW - Embedded sensor KW - Early-age KW - Cementitious KW - PZT KW - Ultrasonic PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-031-62252-6 SN - 978-3-031-62255-7 SN - 978-3-031-62253-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62253-3_4 SN - 2366-2557 N1 - Serientitel: Lecture notes in civil engineering – Series title: Lecture notes in civil engineering VL - 516 SP - 44 EP - 51 PB - Springer Nature Switzerland CY - Cham AN - OPUS4-62593 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Duddi, M. A1 - Kocherla, Amarteja A1 - Subramaniam, K. V. L. T1 - Real-time monitoring of concrete properties using an embedded smart piezoelectric sensor with active and passive sensing abilities N2 - Concrete undergoes physical and chemical changes from the time of casting. These changes in early stage of hydration of concrete, highly influence the final properties and overall performance of concrete structures. Comprehensive health monitoring sensors can help to improve the quality and performance of concrete structures by providing detailed and accurate real-time information about the properties and condition of concrete at different stages of its life cycle. In this study, an embedded smart PZT (Lead Zirconate and Titanium) sensor is developed and its potential for comprehensive health monitoring of concrete structures is explored. To protect the PZT sensor from short-circuiting and alkaline environment, a robust and sensitive protection scheme is developed. The developed embedded smart PZT sensor was placed in the concrete during casting to infer the in-situ properties of concrete through active and passive sensing techniques. Through active sensing techniques Electrical Impedance (EI) and wave propagation (WP), the hydration and damage are monitored, respectively; through passive sensing techniques vibration, and acoustic emission (AE), the development of Young’s modulus and cracking in concrete are monitored. The methodology to infer the changes inworkability, complete set behavior, property development, and crack opening in concrete structures is developed. The reproducibility of all these techniques using the developed embedded smart PZT sensor is established. Since the developed sensor is capable of both active and passive sensing, it allows for a more comprehensive and flexible approach to health monitoring. This contributes to increased data accuracy, reliability, and a more holistic understanding of the concrete structure’s condition. T2 - 1st Interdisciplinary Symposium on Smart & Sustainable Infrastructure (ISSSI 2023) CY - Vancouver, BC, Canada DA - 04.09.2023 KW - Embedded smart PZT sensor KW - Electrical impedance (EI) KW - Wave propagation (WP) KW - Acoustic emission (AE) KW - Vibration monitoring KW - Hydration KW - Damage PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-031-53388-4 SN - 978-3-031-53389-1 SN - 978-3-031-53391-4 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53389-1_96 SN - 2211-0844 N1 - Serientitel: RILEM bookseries – Series title: RILEM bookseries VL - 48 SP - 1089 EP - 1100 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham AN - OPUS4-62681 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Schröder, Simon Alexander A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Stephan, Ina A1 - Hohmann, Gloria A1 - Ziegert, Christof T1 - Identifikation und Einordnung von historischen Lehmbauteilen für die Wiederverwendung hinsichtlich Anreicherung von Schadstoffen und bauschädlichen Salzen T1 - Identification and classification of historical earth construction elements for recycling in respect of accumulation of pollutants and structurally damaging salts N2 - Lehmbaustoffe, einschließlich Lehm aus dem historischen Baubestand, bieten ein hohes Potenzial für ihre Wiederverwendbarkeit und die Schonung natürlicher Ressourcen. Zur Bewertung des Wiederverwendungspotenzials gibt es nur wenige Studien hinsichtlich der Schadstoffbelastung und der Anreicherung von Salzen in Gebäuden aus dem historischen Bestand. Tonminerale, die in Lehmbaustoffen als Bindemittel fungieren, können Schadstoffe binden. Die Region Mitteldeutschland ist geprägt durch jahrzehntelange Einwirkung erheblicher Schadstoffemissionen aus der Chemie- und Braunkohleindustrie. Der Eintrag von Schadstoffen in Lehmbaustoffe ist außerdem aus geogenen Hintergrundbelastungen denkbar, z. B. in Auenböden beeinflusst durch Einträge aus dem Erzbergbau. Salzbildende Anionen wie Chloride oder Nitrate können aufgrund ihrer hohen Löslichkeit mittels kapillarer Kräfte durch die Porenstruktur transportiert werden. In Lehmwänden können sie vor allem in oberflächennahen Lagen, in denen höhere Verdunstungsraten vorherrschen, durch Bindung mit in Lösung vorliegenden oder baustoffeigenen Kationen auskristallisieren und bauschädliche Salze ausbilden. Auch durch spezifische Nutzungen akkumulierte Schadstoffe, z. B. durch die Einwirkung von Tabakrauch, könnten theoretisch einer Wiederverwendung von Lehm entgegenstehen. In Anbetracht der Herausforderungen hinsichtlich der klimatischen und gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen, sind wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse im Lehmbau erforderlich, die eine Integration in eine nachhaltige Kreislaufwirtschaft ermöglichen. Bei bisherigen Gesetzgebungsverfahren zu rezyklierten Baustoffen wurden Lehmbaustoffe noch nicht berücksichtigt. Ziel einer Vorstudie im Rahmen der WIR!-Initiative GOLEHM ist die Überprüfung der Wiederverwendbarkeit Wiederverwendbarkeit von Lehmbaustoffen aus historischen Bauten an Stichproben hinsichtlich der Umwelt- und Nutzerverträglichkeit. Für den Raum Mitteldeutschland können damit Anhaltspunkte darüber gegeben werden, welche Schadstoffe und bauschädlichen Salze in welchem Maße in Lehmbaustoffen aus dem Gebäudebestand erwartet werden können. Daraus können Hinweise zum Umgang mit Lehmbaustoffen aus historischen Gebäuden abgeleitet werden. Darüber hinaus wurden exemplarisch an zwei Gebäuden mikrobiologische Untersuchungen zur Ermittlung einer möglichen Belastung mit Schimmelpilzen vorgenommen. N2 - Earth construction materials, including earth from historical building stock, offer high potential in terms of their recyclability and sparing use of natural resources. Yet, only a few studies have been conducted on the levels of pollutants and the accumulation of salts in buildings from the historical building stock to enable an assessment of the potential for recycling. The aim of a preliminary study as part of the GOLEHM Initiative from WIR! is to use spot checks to review the recyclability of earth construction materials from historical buildings in terms of environmental impact and tolerance by users. This could provide indicators for the Central Germany region on which pollutants and structurally damaging salts can be expected in earth construction materials from the building stock and to what extent, allowing conclusions to be drawn on how to manage earth construction materials from historical buildings. Additionally, microbiological inspections of two sample buildings were performed to assess a potential contamination with mould. T2 - Lehm 2024 Fachtagung CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 27.09.2024 KW - Lehm KW - Wiederverwendung KW - Kreislaufwirtschaft KW - Schadstoffe KW - Bauschädliche Salze PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 8 CY - Weimar AN - OPUS4-61883 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dalichow, Dirk A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Völker, Tobias T1 - Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for the Chemical Investigation of Concrete—Status of Practical Application N2 - The assessment and maintenance of reinforced concrete structures depends largely on knowledge of the chloride content and chloride ingress. Common methods are the wet chemical analysis of drill dust or powder from ground drill core segments. However, due to the homogenization process, this approach often fails to detect locally elevated chloride levels. A state-of-the-art alternative method is laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), which offers rapid analysis and the possibility of detecting several chemical elements simultaneously. This method is particularly characterized by its ability to measure light elements such as hydrogen, carbon or sodium. The spatial resolution of LIBS is usually 0.25 mm but can be increased to 0.1 mm or less if required. BARG, is the first commercial building materials laboratory in Germany to use LIBS in practice. The current LIBS setup enables rapid, spatial quantification of the chlorine content and at the same time the creation of element maps that visually represent the distribution of essential elements in the concrete. This method can be used to localize areas of elevated chlorine content, particularly in cracks or near reinforcing bars. With the ability to analyze several elements simultaneously, LIBS can determine measurement points associated with the cement phase and, taking into account the water content, relate the measured contents directly to the cement mass. The detailed ingress profiles determined by LIBS provide essential data for the estimation of accurate chlorine diffusion coefficients, which are crucial for probabilistic lifetime predictions. The estimation of the carbon distribution enables the localization of carbonated regions and their effect on the chloride distribution. The possibility of quantitatively determining the sulfur distribution also indicates areas that are affected by a possible sulfate attack. The presentation uses practical examples to demonstrate the possibilities and advantages of the LIBS method. In addition, the newly published leaflet B14 of the German Society for Non-Destructive Testing (DGZfP) will be presented, which describes the use of LIBS for the quantitative determination of chloride content in concrete. T2 - ICCRRR 2024 CY - Cape Town, South Africa DA - 04.11.2024 KW - Concrete KW - Chloride KW - Corrosion KW - Repair KW - Maintenance PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-75507-1_40 VL - 59 SP - 411 EP - 420 AN - OPUS4-62480 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -