TY - CONF A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Wegmann, Marc A1 - Hannemann, M. A1 - Somma, V. A1 - Jochum, T. A1 - Niehaus, J. A1 - Roggenbuck, D. T1 - Automated determination of genotoxicity of nanoparticles with DNA-based optical assays - The NANOGENOTOX project N2 - The overall interest in nanotoxicity, triggered by the increasing use of nanomaterials in the material and life sciences, and the synthesis of an ever increasing number of new functional nanoparticles calls for standardized test procedures1,2 and for efficient approaches to screen the potential genotoxicity of these materials. Aiming at the development of fast and easy to use, automated microscopic methods for the determination of the genotoxicity of different types of nanoparticles, we assess the potential of the fluorometric γH2AX assay for this purpose. This assay, which can be run on an automated microscopic detection system, relies on the detection of DNA double strand breaks as a sign for genotoxicity3. Here, we provide first results obtained with broadly used nanomaterials like CdSe/CdS and InP/ZnS quantum dots as well as iron oxide, gold, and polymer particles of different surface chemistry with previously tested colloidal stability and different cell lines like Hep-2 and 8E11 cells, which reveal a dependence of the genotoxicity on the chemical composition as well as the surface chemistry of these nanomaterials. These studies will be also used to establish nanomaterials as positive and negative genotoxicity controls or standards for assay performance validation for users of this fluorometric genotoxicity assay. In the future, after proper validation, this microscopic platform technology will be expanded to other typical toxicity assays. T2 - SPIE 2018 CY - San Francisco, USA DA - 27.01.2018 KW - Nanoparticle KW - Fluorescence KW - Surface chemistry KW - Size KW - Assay KW - Microscopy KW - Nanotoxicity KW - Toxicity KW - Automation KW - Calibration KW - Standard PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44186 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nöller, Renate A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Danielewski, A. A1 - Giel, R. A1 - Overgaauw, E. T1 - Untersuchungen der Humboldt Codices "Fragmens de peinture hiéroglyphique Aztèques, deposés à la bibliotheque royale de Berlin" N2 - In der Berliner Sammlung "Manuscripta Americana" befinden sich Fragmente von Bilderhandschriften, die Alexander von Humboldt 1804 in Mexiko erwarb und der Königlichen Bibliothek schenkte. Die in der frühen Kolonialzeit hergestellten verschiedenartigen Codices waren damals schon nicht mehr an den Orten ihrer ursprünglichen Verwendung. Entsprechend ihres Seltenheitswertes gelangten einzelne Schriftstücke seit der Conquista in die Bestände bedeutender Persönlichkeiten. Hierzu fertigte man auch Abschriften oder Kopien an, oder zerstückelte sogar einzelne Blätter, so dass die Darstellungen auf den abgetrennten Fragmenten oft nur zum Teil abgebildet vorliegen. Um herauszufinden, ob einige Schriftstücke der "Humboldt Codices" in Bezug zu einander stehen, werden die Dokumente, ihre Symbole und Schriftzeichen und das zur Herstellung verwendete Material miteinander verglichen. Mit den für die Analyse von Manuskripten bewährten Untersuchungsmethoden werden Papier und Farbmittel identifiziert. Hierzu zählen Raman-, FTIR-, Röntgenfluoreszenz- und VIS- Spektroskopie. Charakteristisch für die Herstellung von schriftlichen Dokumenten in der Kolonialzeit von Amerika ist die Verwendung von indigenem Material wie Papier aus Baumrinde und Pflanzenfarben zusammen mit den aus Europa bekannten Materialien. Geklärt wird, inwieweit neben den bekanntesten Farbstoffen wie Cochenille, Mayablau oder Mischungen mit Tonmineralen auch mineralische Pigmente zum Einsatz kamen. Vorgestellt werden die auf Tafel 36 in den "Vues des Cordillères et Monuments des Peuples Indigènes de l`Amerique, Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland" abgebildeten Fragmente. Die hier von Humboldt vorgenommene Zusammenstellung wird mit der Farbpalette der in Berlin archivierten originalen Schriftstücke verglichen. Die Interpretation der Ergebnisse gibt einen Hinweis auf die Zuordnung oder auch Zusammengehörigkeit dieser einzigartigen Dokumente amerikanischer Geschichte. Hierbei wird die Frage aufgeworfen, inwiefern davon auszugehen ist, dass diese mit weiteren Fragmenten in Verbindung gebracht werden können, was für die Beleuchtung der kulturhistorischen Zusammenhänge von großer Bedeutung ist. T2 - Archäometrie und Denkmalpflege 2018 CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 20.03.2018 KW - FTIR KW - Humboldt Codices KW - XRF KW - VIS KW - RAMAN PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44746 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Makowski, Maike A1 - Jung, Christian A1 - Werneburg, Martina A1 - Haase, H. A1 - Koch, Matthias T1 - Non-invasive Cereal Analysis by GC-MS detection of Trichodiene as a Volatile Mycotoxin Biomarker N2 - Due to the increasing consumption of cereals worldwide, the monitoring of growth, storage and processing is becoming more and more crucial. Particularly when stored, infested grains breed fungal clusters (“hot spots”) in which mycotoxins greatly exceed allowed maximum levels. Because of their unpredictable presence, current sample drawing and procedures for mycotoxin analysis represent a complex challenge for operators, involving invasive and cost intensive steps. Therefore, new time- and labour-saving mycotoxin control methods including sampling and analysis steps are needed. A possible approach is the non-invasive analysis of the homogeneous gas phase above the crops, instead of analyzing random samples. However, this procedure requires microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOC´s) being released by the samples and representing the present mycotoxins. Previous investigations revealed trichodiene to be a precursor in trichothecenes biosynthesis – one of the largest mycotoxin groups with over 180 compounds. Due to its non-functionalized sesquiterpene structure, trichodiene has already been quantified using Headspace GC-MS methods (for instance). Thereby, it can possibly be used as a biomarker for trichothecene contamination in foodstuff. However, further investigations are necessary. The correlation between trichodiene concentration in the gas phase and trichothecenes mass fraction in the sample must be examined closely to draw conclusions about the exact trichothecene content within samples. Realizing this idea, would widely extend the applicability of trichodiene and enormously simplify trichothecene quantification. Hence, this first step of an ongoing study aims to develop a laboratory reference method using trichodiene as volatile biomarker to quantify trichothecenes in cereals. Static headspace and SPME-enrichment coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed. In a second step, this reference method is intended to validate new approaches for fast on-site screening of trichodiene in cereals. T2 - 10th World Mycotoxin Forum Conference CY - Amsterdam, The Netherlands DA - 11.03.2018 KW - Trichodiene KW - GC-MS KW - Mycotoxin Biomarker PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44509 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nutsch, A. A1 - Dill, S. A1 - Kamleitner, I. A1 - Sehorz, A. A1 - Schwarzenberger, M. A1 - Streeck, C. A1 - Beckhoff, B. A1 - Merz, H. A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - A Methodology to Obtain Traceability and Validation of Calibration Samples for Thin Metal Alloy Layers for X-Ray Fluorescence Tools N2 - Statistic process control as well as process capability demand for calibrated determination of layer thicknesses in various industries, e.g. automotive, aerospace, microelectronics manufacturing. Calibration requires well know and well characterized samples. A calibration laboratory accredited according to DIN EN ISO 17025 has the objective to distribute standards traceable to SI units to industrial laboratories for quality control of manufacturing of various products. Especially, the thickness determination of thin metallic coatings e.g. from galvanic processes or layer deposition using X-Ray Fluorescence can be significantly improved by customized calibration samples. This is essential as the measurement uncertainty directly correlates to the capability performing reliable control of processes with high yield. For calibration laboratories, the validation of results using round robins and the direct comparison to national metrology institutes is a prerequisite to demonstrate the competence to perform calibration services. In this paper a strategy to obtain traceability and validation for thin alloy layers as well as first results are presented. The combined use of the accredited method for determination of mass per area from measurement of mass and area combined with standard free X-Ray Fluorescence as well as chemical analysis of dissolved samples with thin layers is deployed for material systems as NixZn1-x as well as NixP1-x. The obtained results are compared to reference free X-Ray Fluorescence at the BESSY II laboratories of Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. An excellent agreement of the obtained measured values as mass per unit area and alloy concentrations from the different applied methods within the measurement uncertainty was observed for NixP1-x showing the successful performed traceability of the calibration samples to SI units in combination with a validation of results by national metrology institutes and the round robin approach. T2 - European Conference on X-Ray Spectrometry CY - Ljubljana, Slowenia DA - 24.06.2018 KW - Traceability KW - Thin metal alloy layers KW - X-ray fluorescence PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45317 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Drescher, D. A1 - Büchner, T. A1 - Merk, V. A1 - Kneipp, J. A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert T1 - Studying nanoparticle-cell interaction by LA ICP-MS N2 - The interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with cells has become a major field of interest, ranging from medical applications to nanotoxicology. Size, shape and surface modification of the NPs determine the uptake rate and pathway into the cells, and therefore impact specific cell components and processes. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is an established quantitative multi-elemental analysis and mapping technique. In recent years, it was shown that LA-ICP-MS can provide quantitative as well as distribution information of NPs in cell samples. Here LA-ICP-MS was applied for the imaging of individual cells to study the uptake and intracellular processing of metal-containing nanostructures. Additionally, the local distribution of naturally occurring elements in cells like P was measured to indicate cell morphology. The cells were incubated with different types of NPs under varying experimental conditions. For LA analysis, the cells were fixed and dried. Our findings show, that LA-ICP-MS is suitable for the localisation of nanoparticle aggregates within cellular compartments. The studied NPs accumulate in the perinuclear region in the course of intracellular processing, but do not enter the cell nucleus. The uptake efficiency depends strongly on the physicochemical properties of the nanostructures as well as on the incubation conditions like concentration and incubation time. The results demonstrate the potential of LA-ICP-MS providing insight into NP uptake, intracellular distribution and cell-to-cell variation dependent on experimental parameters. T2 - Workshop on Laser Bioimaging Mass Spectrometry CY - Münster, Germany DA - 24.05.2018 KW - Imaging KW - Laser ablation KW - ICP-MS KW - Nanoparticle KW - Cell PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45071 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert T1 - Heritage Lecture N2 - After finishing my diploma thesis in plasma physics in 1981, I dreamt of a future in a research lab to develop novel fusion reactors for energy production or to study universal plasmas and their emission in the cosmos. This dream never became real, however I found my first job in a team to build up a new museum dedicated to “Energy”, and this first part of my career was already finished after a year, because the funding was not extended. So, I found immediately a new job as a young scientist in the institute for analytical sciences (originally ISAS: Institute for Plasmachemistry and Applied Spectroscopy) in 1982 to develop novel plasma ion sources for inorganic mass spectrometry. The first source of interest was based on a glow discharge for direct analysis of conducting solids (technically supported by Finnigan MAT, Bremen). Here I adopted the design of the Grimm type discharge for the first time, which was well known in optical emission spectroscopy, and coupled it to a quadrupole mass analyzer. The advantage of this design was that flat craters are produced by sputtering which made this source very powerful for in-depth analysis of technical layers. This then became the topic of my PhD, which was not originally planned, and I had to learn a lot about surface analysis. However, since the first project was too successful we established a small team (in cooperation with Jose Broekaert - an expert in ICP-OES) which started with the development of our own inductively coupled plasma ion source in 1986 coupled to a quadrupole and in 1989 to a sector field mass spectrometer (funded by the Minister of Science and Technology; again in cooperation with Finnigan MAT). The latter device was launched to the market in 1993 as the Element 1. The second decade of my career was still related to instrumental development but mainly of glow discharge sources. In an EU funded project first an automated glow discharge sector field instrument was developed where the Grimm type geometry was combined with a fast flow concept (in cooperation with Volker Hoffmann at IFW in Dresden). This was done in cooperation with VG (which became later a part of Thermo Fisher Scientific together with Finnigan MAT), so that it is not surprising that this concept for the Element GD. This project was later continued in the third phase of my career, again funded by the EU and in cooperation with the group of Alfredo Sanz-Medel (Rosario Pereiro and Jorge Pisonero), to develop a fast flow, but now rf-powered GD ion source in combination with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, which was later launched to the market commercially by Horiba Jobin Yvon (France) for in-depth profiling of thin layers even of non-conducting materials. In the first decade of my career I started to study already “analytical chemistry” from the scratch because the instruments developed have been applied now for direct analysis of solid materials, technical layers and environmental samples. In case of environmental applications our ICP-MS (the quadrupole and the sector field instrument) was coupled with separation techniques, so that this period of instrumental development was dominated in the second decade by development of high efficiency sample introduction systems in combination with speciation studies of Pt group elements, arsenic, selenium and phosphorus (in DNA and phosphorylated proteins), Ni and Cr. Additionally, we continued with the analysis of solid ceramic materials (Al2O3, SiC, SiN) and ambient air-born particles. At the end of the second decade we complemented our instrumental pool by a collision and reaction cell instrument in cooperation with Micromass and used this instrument for speciation studies of peptides and proteins and demonstrated that by ICP-HEX-MS quantitative proteomics is feasible. Therefore, we more and more focused in the following years on metalloproteins and published a famous paper on “Metallobiomolecules: The basis of life, the challenge of atomic spectroscopy” (together with Luc Moens and Ryszard Lobinski). For detection of metalloproteins we applied typical workflows of biochemistry and proteomics, for which I had to extend my knowledge about biochemistry and proteomics. As a new analytical tool, we used a homemade laser ablation cell for sample introduction of metalloproteins after their separation by gel electrophoresis and extended this work by applying metal-tagging of antibodies for Western blot assays. For this purpose, proteins were separated in SDS-PAGE and electroblotted onto membranes. Specific detection of proteins even not containing any metal could be performed by laser ablation ICP-MS using the metal tagged antibodies for indirect detection. This research was interrupted in 2009 by a movement from ISAS (where atomic spectroscopy was declining) to BAM (the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin) where this research direction was fostered. The experience we achieved at ISAS in the previously mentioned projects were now used here at BAM in the fourth decade for materials research and the development of a quantitative elemental microscope with cellular resolution. So, at the end of my career I am trying to apply all my knowledge and expertise to develop analytical methods and to apply multimodal spectroscopies to decipher the construction code of the cellular machinery, which is the most precise and complex machinery I have ever seen. If we were able to understand how this machinery works, we can better diagnose and treat a malfunction in case of the development of a disease. Finally, I can conclude that lifelong learning starts before school but does not end at the end of this lecture. It looks like this heritage lecture will be focused on my career only, but this is not the case because some highlights of my career will be used to illustrate a few universal principles: how to have fun, how to find friends and how this all leads to an increase of joy and joy is the basis of new ideas (which must not always be related to your profession) and novel ideas are essential for a successful and satisfying career. So, this heritage lecture wants to answer the most important question of a life which was dedicated to plasma spectrochemistry: 1) Is it possible - at all - to have fun in this research direction? 2) Can we learn already today what we need tomorrow? 3) How can we still realize our scientific dreams of cutting edge research in times of cutting budgets? Which automatically leads to the next question: 4) Is necessity the mother of invention? All questions will be answered! Controversial discussions (for angry or disappointed colleagues) will be stimulated and my visions of future research (for students and postdocs) and instrumental developments (for manufacturer) will be presented. Finally, conclusions will be drawn by the auditorium (everybody) and thanks will be given to Ramon Barnes (by me) already in advance! T2 - 2018 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY - Amelia Island, FL, USA DA - 08.01.2018 KW - History of the research work of Norbert Jakubowski KW - Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry KW - Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry KW - Laser Ablation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44461 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert T1 - Heritage Lecture N2 - After finishing my diploma thesis in plasma physics in 1981, I dreamt of a future in a research lab to develop novel fusion reactors for energy production or to study universal plasmas and their emission in the cosmos. This dream never became real, however I found my first job in a team to build up a new museum dedicated to “Energy”, and this first part of my career was already finished after a year, because the funding was not extended. So, I found immediately a new job as a young scientist in the institute for analytical sciences (originally ISAS: Institute for Plasmachemistry and Applied Spectroscopy) in 1982 to develop novel plasma ion sources for inorganic mass spectrometry. The first source of interest was based on a glow discharge for direct analysis of conducting solids (technically supported by Finnigan MAT, Bremen). Here I adopted the design of the Grimm type discharge for the first time, which was well known in optical emission spectroscopy, and coupled it to a quadrupole mass analyzer. The advantage of this design was that flat craters are produced by sputtering which made this source very powerful for in-depth analysis of technical layers. This then became the topic of my PhD, which was not originally planned, and I had to learn a lot about surface analysis. However, since the first project was too successful we established a small team (in cooperation with Jose Broekaert - an expert in ICP-OES) which started with the development of our own inductively coupled plasma ion source in 1986 coupled to a quadrupole and in 1989 to a sector field mass spectrometer (funded by the Minister of Science and Technology; again in cooperation with Finnigan MAT). The latter device was launched to the market in 1993 as the Element 1. The second decade of my career was still related to instrumental development but mainly of glow discharge sources. In an EU funded project first an automated glow discharge sector field instrument was developed where the Grimm type geometry was combined with a fast flow concept (in cooperation with Volker Hoffmann at IFW in Dresden). This was done in cooperation with VG (which became later a part of Thermo Fisher Scientific together with Finnigan MAT), so that it is not surprising that this concept for the Element GD. This project was later continued in the third phase of my career, again funded by the EU and in cooperation with the group of Alfredo Sanz-Medel (Rosario Pereiro and Jorge Pisonero), to develop a fast flow, but now rf-powered GD ion source in combination with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, which was later launched to the market commercially by Horiba Jobin Yvon (France) for in-depth profiling of thin layers even of non-conducting materials. In the first decade of my career I started to study already “analytical chemistry” from the scratch because the instruments developed have been applied now for direct analysis of solid materials, technical layers and environmental samples. In case of environmental applications our ICP-MS (the quadrupole and the sector field instrument) was coupled with separation techniques, so that this period of instrumental development was dominated in the second decade by development of high efficiency sample introduction systems in combination with speciation studies of Pt group elements, arsenic, selenium and phosphorus (in DNA and phosphorylated proteins), Ni and Cr. Additionally, we continued with the analysis of solid ceramic materials (Al2O3, SiC, SiN) and ambient air-born particles. At the end of the second decade we complemented our instrumental pool by a collision and reaction cell instrument in cooperation with Micromass and used this instrument for speciation studies of peptides and proteins and demonstrated that by ICP-HEX-MS quantitative proteomics is feasible. Therefore, we more and more focused in the following years on metalloproteins and published a famous paper on “Metallobiomolecules: The basis of life, the challenge of atomic spectroscopy” (together with Luc Moens and Ryszard Lobinski). For detection of metalloproteins we applied typical workflows of biochemistry and proteomics, for which I had to extend my knowledge about biochemistry and proteomics. As a new analytical tool, we used a homemade laser ablation cell for sample introduction of metalloproteins after their separation by gel electrophoresis and extended this work by applying metal-tagging of antibodies for Western blot assays. For this purpose, proteins were separated in SDS-PAGE and electroblotted onto membranes. Specific detection of proteins even not containing any metal could be performed by laser ablation ICP-MS using the metal tagged antibodies for indirect detection. This research was interrupted in 2009 by a movement from ISAS (where atomic spectroscopy was declining) to BAM (the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin) where this research direction was fostered. The experience we achieved at ISAS in the previously mentioned projects were now used here at BAM in the fourth decade for materials research and the development of a quantitative elemental microscope with cellular resolution. So, at the end of my career I am trying to apply all my knowledge and expertise to develop analytical methods and to apply multimodal spectroscopies to decipher the construction code of the cellular machinery, which is the most precise and complex machinery I have ever seen. If we were able to understand how this machinery works, we can better diagnose and treat a malfunction in case of the development of a disease. Finally, I can conclude that lifelong learning starts before school but does not end at the end of this lecture. It looks like this heritage lecture will be focused on my career only, but this is not the case because some highlights of my career will be used to illustrate a few universal principles: how to have fun, how to find friends and how this all leads to an increase of joy and joy is the basis of new ideas (which must not always be related to your profession) and novel ideas are essential for a successful and satisfying career. So, this heritage lecture wants to answer the most important question of a life which was dedicated to plasma spectrochemistry: 1) Is it possible - at all - to have fun in this research direction? 2) Can we learn already today what we need tomorrow? 3) How can we still realize our scientific dreams of cutting edge research in times of cutting budgets? Which automatically leads to the next question: 4) Is necessity the mother of invention? All questions will be answered! Controversial discussions (for angry or disappointed colleagues) will be stimulated and my visions of future research (for students and postdocs) and instrumental developments (for manufacturer) will be presented. Finally, conclusions will be drawn by the auditorium (everybody) and thanks will be given to Ramon Barnes (by me) already in advance! T2 - BAM-Doktorandenseminar CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 07.02.2018 KW - History of the research work of Norbert Jakubowski KW - Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry KW - Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry KW - Laser Ablation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44462 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Keller, Julia A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Haase, H. T1 - Kopplung von Elektrochemie und Massenspektrometrie in der Mykotoxinforschung N2 - Mykotoxine werden als sekundäre Metabolite von Schimmelpilzen gebildet und haben diverse schädliche Effekte auf Menschen, Tiere und Pflanzen. Laut FAO sind weltweit bis zu 25 % aller Lebens- und Futtermittel mit Mykotoxinen kontaminiert, wodurch jährlich immense ökonomische Verluste entstehen. Neben den eigentlichen Mykotoxinen rücken zunehmend deren Transformationsprodukte (TPs) in den Fokus. Diese können als natürliche Stoffwechselprodukte toxischer sein als das eigentliche Mykotoxin und stellen eine potenzielle zusätzliche Gefahr für den Verbraucher dar. TPs werden überwiegend mit in vitro und in vivo Techniken untersucht, welche sowohl zeit- als auch kostenintensiv sind. Ziel war es nun, schnelle und zudem verlässliche Techniken zur Simulation von TPs diverser Mykotoxine zu testen. Die Kopplung von Elektrochemie und Massenspektrometrie, kurz EC/MS, als rein instrumenteller Ansatz ist seit vielen Jahren in der pharmazeutischen Forschung etabliert. Hierbei wird mithilfe einer elektrochemischen Durchflusszelle der oxidative Metabolismus einer Substanz simuliert und zugleich analysiert. Unter Verwendung von EC/MS, EC/LC/MS und HPLC-MS Techniken (MS/MS und FT-ICR) wurden nun die Mykotoxine Zearalenon, Citrinin und Dihydroergocristin (als Modellsubstanz für die Ergotalkaloide) elektrochemisch bei Potentialen bis zu 2500 mV vs. Pd/H2 oxidiert und deren TPs mit mikrosomalen in vitro Ansätzen verglichen. Hierbei konnten mehrere Übereinstimmungen hydroxylierter Spezies, sowohl elektrochemisch als auch biochemisch generiert, festgestellt werden. Die EC/MS ist somit auch in der Lebensmittelanalytik als nützliches und vielseitiges Werkzeug verwendbar. T2 - 24. Arbeitstagung des Regionalverband Nordost der LChG CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 06.03.2018 KW - Elektrochemie KW - Mykotoxine KW - Metabolismus PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44425 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rhode, Michael A1 - Mente, Tobias A1 - Münster, C. A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Specimen temperature during CGHE and influence on hydrogen determination N2 - Hydrogen determination in weld seams is standardized in ISO 3690. In accordance to this standard, a defined time for hydrogen collection has to be anticipated for different extraction temperatures. In other words, the temperature is the most important value that has to be monitored in addition to the aimed hydrogen determination. The specimen geometry has influence on the real sample temperature during CGHE vs. the adjusted furnace temperature. This presentation gives a short summary on possible influences on the "correct" hydrogen determination temperature during carrier gas hot extraction (CGHE) using infrared radiation driven furnace. The main findings are: (1) specimen surface is important in terms of polished or oxidized condition, (2) specimen geometry is important for fast heating, (3) PID-values of control software are a considerable influence to accelerate the heating process depite thick specimens and (4) independent sample temperature determination before CGHE is strongly recommended. T2 - Intermediate Meeting of IIW Subcommission II-E CY - Genoa, Italy DA - 05.03.2018 KW - Hydrogen KW - Welding KW - Carrier gas hot extraction KW - Temperature KW - Measurement PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44427 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lauer, Franziska A1 - Diehn, Sabrina A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kneipp, Janina T1 - A graphical user interface for a fast multivariate classification of MALDI-TOF MS data of pollen grains N2 - The common characterization and identification of pollen is a time-consuming task that mainly relies on microscopic determination of the genus-specific pollen morphology. A variety of spectroscopic and spectrometric approaches have been proposed to develop a fast and reliable pollen identification using specific molecular information. Amongst them, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) shows a high potential for the successful investigation of such complex biological samples. Based on optimized MALDI sample preparation using conductive carbon tape, the application of multivariate statistics (e.g. principal components analysis, PCA) yields an enormous improvement concerning taxonomic classification of pollen species compared to common microscopic techniques. Since multivariate evaluation of the recorded mass spectra is of vital importance for classification, it’s helpful to implement the applied sequence of standard Matlab functions into a graphical user interface (GUI). In this presentation, a stand-alone application (GUI) is shown, which provides multiple functions to perform fast multivariate analysis on multiple datasets. The use of a GUI enables a first overview on the measured dataset, conducts spectral pretreatment and can give classification information based on HCA and PCA evaluation. Moreover, it can be used to improve fast spectral classification and supports the development of a simple routine method to identify pollen based on mass spectrometry. T2 - 12. Interdisziplinäres Doktorandenseminar, GDCh AK Prozessanalytik CY - BAM, AH, Berlin, Germany DA - 25.03.2018 KW - MALDI KW - GUI KW - Pollen PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44661 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Millar, Steven A1 - Günther, Tobias T1 - Analyse des Tausalzeintrages in Fahrbahndeckenbetone im Kontext der Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktion N2 - In den letzten Jahren sind im deutschen Bundesautobahnnetz (BAB-Netz) vermehrt AKR-Schäden an Betonfahrbahndecken aufgetreten, die zum Teil zu einer Halbierung ihrer geplanten Nutzungsdauer von 30 Jahren führte. Ursächlich hierfür ist die Verwendung alkaliempfindlicher Gesteinskörnung, die bei gleichzeitiger Anwesenheit von Wasser infolge der Exposition der Fahrbahndecke und dem alkalischen Milieu durch den Einsatz alkalireicher Portlandzemente bei der Betonherstellung zu einer Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktion (AKR) führt. Zusätzlich wird der AKR-Schädigungsprozess in Betonfahrbahndecken durch den externen Tausalzeintrag (primär NaCl) im Winter begünstigt. Vor diesem Hintergrund kommt der Ermittlung des Tausalzeintrags in den Fahrbahndeckenbeton eine große Bedeutung zu. Die Analyse des Tausalzeintrags erfolgte bisher ausschließlich nasschemisch an gemahlenen Bohrkernsegmenten. Nachteilig ist hierbei die fehlende differenzierte Betrachtung des Natriumgehaltes im Zementstein und in der Gesteinskörnung. Der alternative Einsatz von LIBS (Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) eröffnet in diesem Kontext neue Möglichkeiten. So wird in diesem Beitrag an Hand von Bohrkernen aus einem AKR-geschädigten BAB-Abschnitt exemplarisch die Vorgehensweise bei der LIBS-Analyse zur Ermittlung der Na- und interagierenden Cl-Verteilung an vertikalen Schnittflächen des Bohrkerns aufgezeigt. Da der Tausalzeintrag primär über den Zementstein erfolgt, wurde der verfälschende Na-Grundgehalt der Gesteinskörnung mittels Zementsteinkriteriums (Nutzung unterschiedlichen Ca-Gehalts in Zementstein und Gesteinskörnung) eliminiert. Vergleichend durchgeführte Cl-Mappings mit Mikroröntgenfluoreszenzanalyse (MRFA) belegen die Güte der durchgeführten LIBS-Messungen. Aber auch bei der Verifizierung der Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse der zum Ausschluss reaktiver Gesteinskörnung bei Neubau und Erneuerung im BAB-Netz eingesetzten Performanceprüfungen mit externem Alkalieintrag auf Praxisverhältnisse hat sich das LIBSVerfahren bewährt. So wurde festgestellt, dass die mit NaCl-Lösung beaufschlagten Laborprüfkörper aus einem repräsentativen Fahrbahndeckenbeton bei der Klimawechsellagerung (KWL) über ihre gesamte Höhe von 10 cm einen Eintrag von Na und Cl erfahren. Weiterhin konnte im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Annahmen erstmals mit LIBS und Nasschemie gezeigt werden, dass die Frost-Tauwechsel-Phase bei der KWL zu keinem erhöhten Tausalzeintrag führt. T2 - Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose 2018 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.02.2018 KW - Baustoffe KW - Betonfahrbahndecken KW - AKR KW - Tausalzeintrag KW - LIBS KW - MRFA KW - Nasschemie KW - Klimawechsellagerung PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-446499 AN - OPUS4-44649 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tatzel, Michael A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Rosner, M. A1 - Tütken, T. T1 - Exploring variations in the three-isotope space: A new approach and application to magnesium isotope fractionation in the mammal food web N2 - In chemical elements with three or more stable isotopes, mass-dependent stable isotope fractionation is expressed by co-varying isotope ratios. In the three-isotope space ((δ’m2/δ’m1)/(( δ’m3/δ’m1)) these plot along a line with a slope (β), the so called ‘terrestrial fractionation line’. This partitioning of stable isotopes results from both kinetic and equilibrium reactions that are characterized by specific β-values. For the natural range of isotope ratios of ‘novel’ stable isotope systems such as Si, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu this information cannot be accessed because samples fall close to the delta-zero standard where the current measurement precision is too low to resolve small differences in β. We present a new approach to resolve deviations from a reference slope β by standard-sample bracketing against material offset from the natural range. We use this approach to explore the isotope fractionation mechanism in the mammalian food web. We have analyzed Mg stable isotope ratios in bone bioapatite of herbivore, omnivore and carnivore mammals. Positive shifts in δ26/24Mg along the trophic chain (from herbivore to carnivore) together with β= 0.513 suggest the presence of two isotope fractionation mechanisms operating during biomineralization. While positive shifts in δ26/24Mg are in favor of equilibrium isotope fractionation process, the proximity of β to the theoretically calculated β(kinetic) of typically 0.511 suggests the presence of a second component that fractionates stable isotopes kinetically. The herein presented approach is applicable to any element with 3+ stable isotopes analyzed by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. T2 - ESAS & CANAS 2018 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.03.2018 KW - Magnesium delta values KW - Equilibrium isotope fractionation KW - Kinetic isotope fractionation KW - Measurement uncertainty KW - Mammals KW - Food web PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44643 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Drescher, D. A1 - Büchner, T. A1 - Pisonero, J. A1 - Bouzas-Ramos, D. A1 - Kneipp, J. A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert T1 - LA-ICP-MS to study nanoparticle-cell interaction N2 - Nanoparticles (NPs) have found a wide range of applications in research and industry. Thereby the interaction of NPs with biological systems like cells has become a major field of interest, ranging from medical applications to nanotoxicology. Size, shape and surface modification of the nanomaterials determine the uptake rate and pathway into the cells, and therefore impact specific cell components and processes. In recent years, elemental imaging of biological samples using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is gaining more and more importance. Improvements concerning both spatial resolution (down to 1 µm) and signal-to-background ratio due to low-dispersion LA chambers make LA-ICP-MS particularly interesting for single cell analysis. Here LA-ICP-MS was applied for the imaging of individual cells to study the uptake and intracellular processing of metal-containing nanostructures. The cells were incubated with different NPs under varying experimental conditions and afterwards fixed with para-formaldehyde and dried for LA analysis. High-spatial resolution LA-ICP-MS was achieved by careful optimisation of the laser ablation parameters. Our findings show, that LA-ICP-MS is applicable to localize NP aggregates within cellular compartments. The uptake efficiency depends strongly on the physicochemical properties of the nanostructures as well as on the incubation conditions like concentration and incubation time. The results demonstrate the potential of LA-ICP-MS providing insight into nanoparticle-cell interaction dependent on experimental parameters. T2 - 14th European Workshop on Laser Ablation (EWLA) CY - Pau, France DA - 26.06.2018 KW - Laser ablation KW - ICP-MS KW - Imaging KW - Nanoparticle KW - Cell PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45570 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mansurova, Maria A1 - Bell, Jérémy A1 - Gotor, Raul A1 - Rurack, Knut T1 - Fluorescence-based optical system for the detection of total petroleum hydrocarbons in water and soil with smartphone read-out compatibility - Spectrocube, a sensor for rapid oil test in water and soil N2 - Contamination of natural bodies of water with oil and lubricants (or generally, hydrocarbon derivatives such as petrol, fuel and others) is a commonly found phenomenon around the world due to the extensive production, transfer and use of fossil fuels. The timely identification of these contaminants is of utmost importance, since they directly affect water quality and represent a risk for wildlife and human health even in trace amounts. In this work, we develop a simple system for the on-field detection of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in water and soil, the "Spectrocube". The test is based on the measurement of the fluorescence signal emitted by the molecular rotor 4-DNS-OH dye. This dye is embedded in a hydrophobic polymeric matrix (PVDF), avoiding interactions of water with the dye and providing a robust support for use in test-strip fashion. The test-strip’s fluorescence intensity increases linearly at low concentrations of TPH, reaching a saturation value at higher concentrations. For excitation and evaluation of the test-strip fluorescence, a simple miniature optical system was designed. The system works semi-quantitatively as solvent-free TPH detection kit, as well as quantitatively when using a simple cyclopentane extraction step. To simplify the fluorescence read-out, the device is coupled to a tablet computer via Bluetooth, running a self-programmed software ("app"). T2 - Oil Spill India 2018 CY - New Delhi, India DA - 05.07.2018 KW - Oil analysis KW - Water analysis KW - Fluorescence KW - Spectrocube KW - Rapid test KW - Field test KW - Spectroscopy KW - Sensor PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45606 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Coelho Lima, Isabela A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Grohmann, Maria T1 - Alternative imaging conditions for reverse time migration N2 - Ultrasound echo is a widely used NDT technique for determining the internal geometry of structures. Reverse-time migration (RTM) has been recently introduced to NDT applications, as an imaging method for ultrasound data, to overcome some of the limitations (e.g. imaging steeply dipping reflector) experienced by the Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT), the most commonly used imaging algorithm for these measurements. The standard implementation of RTM also experiences some drawbacks caused by its imaging condition, which is based on the zero-lag of the cross-correlation between source and receiver wavefields and generates high-amplitude low-frequency artifacts. Three alternative imaging conditions, developed for seismic data applications, were tested for their ability to provide better images than the standard cross-correlation: illumination compensation, deconvolution and wavefield decomposition. A polyamide specimen was chosen for the simulation of a synthetic experiment and for real data acquisition. The migrations of both synthetic and real data were performed with the software Madagascar. The illumination imaging condition was able to reduce the low-frequency noise and had a good performance in terms of computing time. The deconvolution improved the resolution in the synthetic tests, but did not showed such benefit for the real experiments. Finally, as for the wavefield decomposition, although it presented some advantages in terms of attenuating the low-frequency noise and some unwanted reflections, it was not able to image the internal structure of the polyamide as well as the cross-correlation did. Suggestions on how to improve the cost-effectiveness of the implementation of the deconvolution and wavefield decomposition were presented, as well as possible investigations that could be carried out in the future, in order to obtain better results with those two imaging conditions. T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung 2018 CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 07.05.2018 KW - Ultrasound KW - Reverse time migration KW - Imaging condition KW - Concrete PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44873 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Müller, L. A1 - Wanka, Antje T1 - Development of immuno-assays and metal-staining techniques for bioimaging of cells and tissues using LA-ICP-MS N2 - We are using LA-ICP-MS to quantify metals in biological cells and thin cuts of tissues from varies organs. Different applications will be presented to demonstrate the state of the art of bioimaging to visualize the elemental distribution pattern in soft bio-materials (tissue, single cells) of metals, metal containing stains and metal-tagged antibodies. For this purpose, different strategies for metal tagging will be presented and will be compared in terms of analytical figures of merit. First applications for detection of biomarkers in animal and human tissue samples will be presented. In a first example, we have applied LA-ICP-MS to visualize the local distribution of proteins, which are used as bio-markers for neurodegenerative diseases. For this purpose, brain tissues from mice experiments have been stained by metal-tagged antibodies. House-keeping proteins have been investigated as internal cellular standards. Additionally, ink-jet printing of metal doped inks onto the surface of tissue samples has been applied for drift corrections and quantification. Validation of our results are achieved in comparison to immune-histochemical staining and optical microscopy. In a second example, we used specific metal-tagged antibodies for detection of biomarker specific for prostate cancer. For this purpose, micro tissue arrays are incubated with metal-tagged antibodies for bioimaging of samples from many patients using simultaneous detection of all relevant biomarkers and their tags. For improvement of sensitivity in the next example application nanoparticle tagged antibodies for detection of metallothionines in eye lens tissue samples will be discussed. Recently we have used our tagging and staining strategies to determine the cell cycle of single cells, which is of future interest for toxicological studies. Finally, future trends in elemental microscopy and mass cytometry imaging will be discussed. T2 - Workshop on Laser Bioimaging Mass Spectrometry CY - Münster, Germany DA - 24.05.2018 KW - Single cell analysis KW - LA-ICP-MS KW - Immuno-Assays PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45160 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Keller, Julia A1 - Borzekowski, Antje A1 - Haase, H. A1 - Rueß, L. A1 - Menzel, R. A1 - Koch, Matthias T1 - Using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans for the toxicity testing of citrinin, zearalenone and zearalenone-14-sulfate N2 - To keep up with emerging mycotoxins and their transformation products fast and reliable toxicity tests are needed. Toxicity testing of mycotoxins is carried out usually by performing in vitro assays or is evaluated by using laboratory animals like mice, rats or chicken in in vivo studies. Settled between classical in vitro approaches and in vivo studies with higher animals are tests with the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Since Sydney Brenner described 1974 the cultivation and handling of C. elegans, this worm is widely used as model organism in developmental biology and neurology. Due to many benefits like easy and cheap cultivation, a completely sequenced genome and short generation time, it also plays an important role in toxicological research. Finally, the high number of conserved genes between human and C. elegans make the worm an ideal candidate for toxicological investigations. In this study we used C. elegans to assess the toxic effects of the relevant food mycotoxin citrinin (CIT), the mycoestrogen zearalenone (ZEN) and the modified mycotoxin ZEN-14-sulfate (ZEN-14-S) on different lifetable parameters including reproduction, thermal and oxidative stress tolerance and lifespan. All tested mycotoxins significantly decreased the amount of offspring. In case of ZEN and CIT also significant negative effects on stress tolerance and lifespan were observed compared to the control group. Moreover, metabolization of mycotoxins in the worms was investigated by using LC MS/MS. Extraction of the worms treated 5 days with mycotoxin-containing and UVC-killed bacteria showed metabolization of ZEN to α-ZEL and β-ZEL (ZEL = zearalenol, ratio about 3:2). ZEN 14-S was reduced to ZEL 14-S and CIT was metabolized to mono hydroxylated CIT. T2 - 40th Mycotoxin Workshop CY - Munich, Germany DA - 11.06.2018 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Caenorhabditis elegans KW - Toxicity testing PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45170 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Detjens, Marc T1 - Elektrolyseverfahren zur Bestimmung der Spurenfeuchte N2 - Die Spurenfeuchte ist eine wichtige Messgröße bei der Qualitätsbeurteilung von technischen und medizinischen Gasen und muss daher zuverlässig gemessen werden. Der Spurenbereich ist definiert durch einen Wasserdampf-Stoffmengenanteil kleiner als 2600 µmol/mol bzw. einer Frostpunkttemperatur kleiner -10 °C. Eine geeignete Methode für die kontinuierliche Spurenfeuchtemessung stellt das Elektrolyseverfahren bzw. coulometrische Messprinzip dar. Bei diesem Prinzip strömt ein feuchtes Gas über eine hygroskopische Phosphorpentoxid-Schicht, welche kontinuierlich Wasserdampf absorbiert. Durch das Anlegen einer Zersetzungsspannung wird das absorbierte Wasser elektrolysiert und der resultierende Elektrolysestrom korreliert zum Feuchtegehalt im Gas. Neben dem Einfluss von unterschiedlichen Gasen auf das Messverfahren, wurde der Einfluss der Druckfeuchte im Druckbereich von 2 bis 15 bar untersucht. Des Weiteren wurde eine neuartige Sensorbeschichtung basierend auf einer ionischen Flüssigkeit getestet und es wurde ein Prototyp für die abgestufte Bestimmung der Wasseraktivität und der Materialfeuchte aufgebaut. T2 - Seminar am Institut für Chemie und Biotechnik CY - Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany DA - 06.06.2018 KW - Elektrolyseverfahren KW - Spurenfeuchte in Gasen KW - Druckfeuchte KW - Materialfeuchte KW - Ionische Flüssigkeit PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45122 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rurack, Knut T1 - Molecularly Imprinted Polymers with Integrated Fluorescence as Versatile Biomimetic Sensing Matrices N2 - Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are an established, versatile and high-performance matrix for the selective separation or enrichment of (bio)chemical species, especially small molecules of biochemical or environmental relevance. MIPs are prepared through the polymerization of a mixture of functional monomers and cross-linkers in the presence of the template with subsequent extraction of the latter. Conceptionally, this process can be seen as mimicking in a strongly accelerated, though single-step manner a biological process such as antibody formation. Because the resulting MIPs contain cavities in their matrix that are complementary in size, shape and electronic/ electrostatic or hydrogen bonding demand to the imprinted target molecule or template, these polymers are frequently termed “artificial antibodies”. Compared to natural antibodies, they are chemically and physically much more robust. Regarding sensitivity and selectivity, however, there is still a gap to bridge before MIPs can fully compete with antibodies. Another favorable aspect that distinguishes MIPs from antibodies is that they can be endowed with an explicit function, allowing the use of MIPs in applications that require more than only an efficient binder. For instance, if specifically designed and polymerizable fluorescent indicators are integrated as functional monomers into a MIP, direct fluorescence sensing can be accomplished. Because MIPs can be prepared in a variety of different formats, their combination with miniaturized or other specific analytical techniques or sensory devices is possible, especially when the transduction mode is light. This presentation will introduce basic design considerations, challenges, limitations and the potential that lies with such sensor materials with some recent examples of our group, targeting various organic oxoanions as analytes. T2 - 8th International Symposium on Bioanalysis, Biomedical Engineering and Nanotechnology CY - Changsha, Hunan, China DA - 25.05.2018 KW - Molecularly imprinted polymers KW - Fluorescence KW - Anion recognition PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45641 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Saatz, Jessica A1 - Grunert, Bianca A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Tagging reagents for imaging mass cytometry N2 - In der klinischen Diagnostik werden für zytometrische Messverfahren bereits eine Reihe von Reagenzien eingesetzt zur Markierung von Antikörper eingesetzt, um die Detektion von Biomarkern mittels Fluoreszenz- oder Flugzeitmassenspektrometrie zu ermöglichen. Seit kurzem ist auch eine Imaging Mass Cytometry Kombination direkt erhältlich, wodurch der Nachweis von Biomarkern in Gewebeschnitten erreicht werden kann. Dazu wird eine Kopplung von Laser Ablation und induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma Massenspektrometrie eingesetzt, wobei ähnlich der Massenzytometrie, zuvor Antikörper mit Metallen markiert, und im Anschluss mit dem Gewebeschnitt inkubiert werden. Durch die hohe Ortsauflösung können die Biomarker lokalisiert, und zukünftig vielleicht auch quantifiziert werden. Insbesondere Lanthanide eignen sich als Markierungsmetalle, da sie einen niedrigen Untergrund und chemisch ähnliches Verhalten zueinander aufweisen. Allein durch diese Elemente können bereits etwa 15 Parameter unterschieden werden, was durch isotopenreine Standards weiter gesteigert werden kann. Vom Markierungsgrad abhängig werden unterschiedlich viele Metalle am Antikörper gebunden, und beeinflussen so die Sichtbarkeit im ICP-MS. Nanopartikel könnten daher eine deutliche Steigerung der Sensitivität bewirken. GdVO4 Nanokristalle scheinen bisher sehr vielversprechend und bieten neben multiparametrischen Anwendungen auch Multimodalität. Die Synthese der Nanokristalle zeigte hohe Homogenität und Reproduzierbarkeit in Partikelgröße in der Zusammensetzung. Ein erstes Experiment mit einer Zellkultur konnte bereits die effiziente Markierung der Zellen unter Beweis stellen, wobei durch hohe Signalstärke auch subzelluläre Auflösung in der LA-ICP-MS erreicht werden konnte. T2 - ICPMS Anwendertreffen 2018 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 03.09.2018 KW - LA-ICP-MS KW - Immuno assay KW - Bioimaging KW - Nanocrystal KW - Lanthanide KW - Metal-tag PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45866 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -