TY - CONF A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Saatz, Jessica A1 - Ascher, Lena A1 - Boyraz, B. A1 - Hahndorf, J. A1 - Schnorr, J. A1 - Schellenberger, E. A1 - Tauber, R. T1 - Unraveling the interaction of MRI contrast agents with tissue using LA ICP MS N2 - Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is increasingly used to study the distribution of metal-containing drugs, imaging probes and nanomaterials in connection with disease related changes and therapy progress. Additionally, biomolecules can be detected indirectly by using metal-tagged antibodies. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is, besides the cells, an important component of all body tissues. The macromolecular network of the ECM consists of structural proteins (e.g., collagen, elastin) and proteoglycans composed of highly negatively charged carbohydrates, the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are covalently linked to a protein core. Many diseases, including inflammatory processes and tumors, are associated with characteristic ECM changes at an early stage. Recent studies have shown that contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which are based on gadolinium containing chelate complexes or iron oxide nanoparticles, can bind themselves to ECM components. To elucidate the role of GAGs like keratan sulfate (KS) and its modification state in disease, highly specific tools are necessary. As a complement to conventional immunohistochemistry LA-ICP-MS was applied to investigate the distribution of KS in tissue thin sections using a well characterized anti-KS antibody labelled with metal ions. Furthermore, LA-ICP-MS was used for the detection of MRI contrast agents and the identification of their target cells and molecules in tissue samples from animal models, e.g. for cardiovascular diseases. The results show the possibilities of LA-ICP-MS for the elucidation of pathological tissue changes. T2 - European Workshop on Laser Ablation (EWLA 2022) CY - Berne, Switzerland DA - 12.07.2022 KW - Laser ablation KW - Imaging KW - ICP-MS KW - Antibody PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55315 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Even, Morgane A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - Development of a procedure for the analysis of the emissions of VVOCs N2 - Several aspects were explored towards the standardization of a suitable procedure. The use of gaseous standards is necessary and a standard gas mixture containing 60 substances was successfully generated and employed for further investigations. The suitability of different chromatography columns was addressed: The use of PLOT (Porous Layer Open Tubular) columns is well suitable for VVOC analysis. The recoveries of the 60 analytes on several adsorbents and their combinations were determined: A combination of a graphitized carbon black and a carbon molecular sieve showed great results for all analytes. Carbon molecular sieves adsorb water which can impair the analysis. Different options such as purging, the use of a drying system or splitting were investigated for water removal. This contribution will present experimental results supporting the standardization of a method for VVOC analysis. T2 - Indoor Air conference CY - Kuopio, Finland DA - 12.06.2022 KW - Analytical method KW - EN 16516 KW - ISO 16000-6 KW - VVOCs PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55282 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lilensten, L. A1 - Provost, K. A1 - Perrière, L. A1 - Fonda, E. A1 - Couzinié, J. A1 - Amman, F. A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Dirras, G. A1 - Guillot, I. T1 - Experimental investigation of the local environment and lattice distortion in refractory medium entropy alloys N2 - EXAFS analysis of pure elements, binary and ternary equiatomic refractory alloys within the Nb-Zr-Ti-Hf- Ta system is performed at the Nb and Zr K-edges to analyze the evolution of the chemical local environ- ment and the lattice distortion. A good mixing of the elements is found at the atomic scale. For some compounds, a distribution of distances between the central atom and its neighbors suggests a distortion of the structure. Finally, analysis of the Debye-Waller parameters shows some correlation with the lat- tice distortion parameter δ², and allows to quantify experimentally the static disorder in medium entropy alloys. KW - BAMline KW - Refractory alloys KW - EXAFS KW - Debye-Waller parameter PY - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.114532 SN - 1359-6462 VL - 211 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-55287 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Margreiter, R. A1 - Baumann, J. A1 - Mantouvalou, I. A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Reinholz, Uwe A1 - Strub, E. T1 - Investigations on fire-gilding N2 - Fire-gilding is a historic technique for the application of golden layers on a number of different base materials utilizing a gold amalgam. This technique leaves a significant amount of Hg in the golden layer, giving archeometrists a reliable indicator to identify firegildings. Recent findings on presumably fire-gilded objects have shown in several cases significantly lower Hg content than previously studied objects. This prompted a synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence investigation into the Hg distribution along the material–gilding interface, as well as a series of measurements regarding the Hg content development in fire-gilded samples during artificial aging. This work presents findings on laboratory-prepared fire-gildings, indicating an Hg enrichment at the interface of firegilded silver samples. Notably, such an enrichment is missing in fire-gilded copper samples. Further, it is confirmed that fire-gilded layers typically do not undercut an Hg bulk content of 5%. In this light, it seems improbable that ancient samples that contain <5% Hg are fire-gilded. The results presented in this study might lead to a non-destructive method to identify the Hg enrichment at the interface. This might be obtained by a combination of different non-destructive measurements and might also work unambiguously in samples in which the gold top layer is altered. KW - BAMline KW - X-Ray Fluorescence KW - Gilding KW - Depth profile KW - Archaeometry PY - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-552885 SN - 0003-813X SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Wiley online library AN - OPUS4-55288 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raab, A. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Solovyev, N. A1 - El-Khatib, Platt A1 - Costas-Rodriguez, M. A1 - Schwab, K. A1 - Griffin, E. A1 - Platt, B. A1 - Theuring, F. A1 - Vanhaecke, F. T1 - Isotope signature of iron, copper and zinc in mouse models (L66 and 5XFAD) and their controls used for dementia research N2 - Introduction: The influence of copper, iron and zinc concentrations on the formation of ß-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is widely discussed in the community. The results from human and animal studies so far are mixed with some studies showing a correlation and others not. From a number of studies, it is known that disease state and isotopic composition of essential elements can be coupled. Aim: The aim of the study was to identify changes in element content and isotopic composition in two transgenic mouse models used in AD research compared to their genetic WT relatives and to establish whether element content and isotopic signature between different laboratories is comparable. Methods: ß-amyloid (5xFAD) and tau overexpressing (L66) mice together with their matching wild-types were bred at dedicated facilities in accordance with the European Communities Council Directive (63/2010/EU). Serum and brain were sampled after sacrifice and the samples distributed among the participants of the study. The tissues were acid digested for total element determination and high-precision isotope ratio determination. Element content was determined by either sector-field or quadrupole-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). For the determination of isotope ratios multi-collector ICPMS was used. Results: Total copper content was significantly higher for L66 and their matched WT compared to 5xFAD and WT. Brains of L66 mice contained more Fe in brain than their WT, Zn and Cu were not significantly different between L66 and WT. Whereas 5xFAD mice had a slightly lower Cu and slightly higher Zn concentration in brain compared to WT. The isotopic signature in brain of L66 mice for Fe was different from their controls, whereas Zn isotope ratios were influenced in 5xFAD mice compared to their WT. The Cu isotopic ratio did not seem to be influenced in either strain. In serum, the shifts were less pronounced. Conclusion: Even though neither Tau-protein nor amyloid precursor protein are known to be metal-dependent / -containing proteins, the overexpression of both influences the Fe, Cu and Zn metabolism in brain and to some extent also in serum as can be seen not only using total element determination but probably more clearly studying the isotopic signature of Fe, Cu and Zn. T2 - The International Conference of Trace Elements and Minerals (ICTEM) 2022 CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 05.06.2022 KW - Isotope ratio KW - Isotope delta value KW - Metrology KW - Alzheimer disease KW - Measurement uncertainty PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55204 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schühle, Florian A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - Bereitstellung qualitätsgesicherter VOC-Aufnahmeraten für axiale Passivsammler N2 - Quality assured uptake rates for passive sampling of indoor air VOCs Passive sampling of VOCs with Tenax® TA and thermal desorption GC-MS analysis is a simple, cost efficient and representative method to determine VOCs concentrations in indoor air. In theory, the uptake into the passive sampler is only dependent on the diffusion coefficient of the analyte in air and the geometry of the sampler (ideal adsorption). For characterization, the uptake rate (UR) is used, defined as the ratio of the uptaken mass and the product of ambient concentration and exposure time. Various reported effective uptake rates (UR,eff) differ considerably from ideal values (UR,id). Literature values in national and international standards, are essentially sorted by the applicable exposure time, while detailed information about the corresponding concentration range is lacking. Moreover the number of itemized substances is limited. The aim of this study was to review and expand this set of uptake rates by determination of own quality assured laboratory values.The determined uptake rates are considered accurate in terms of RSD and comparability to literature values and can be recommended for exposure times of seven days at 50 100 µg/m³ (approximately 100 300 ppm min). Seven day uptake rates in ISO16017 2 and ASTM D6196 are not generally suited for this purpose, as has been exemplarily shown for benzene. N2 - Die passive Probenahme von VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) mit Tenax® TA und Thermodesorption GC/MS Analytik ist eine einfache, kosteneffiziente und repräsentative Methode zur Bestimmung der VOC-Konzentrationen in der Innenraumluft. In der Theorie ist die Stoffaufnahme in den Passivsammler nur abhängig vom Diffusionskoeffizienten der Substanz in Luft und der Geometrie des Sammlers (ideale Adsorption). Um sie zu charakterisieren, wird die Aufnahmerate (UR), definiert als Quotient der Massenaufnahme und dem Produkt aus Konzentration und Expositionszeit, verwendet. Viele effektive Aufnahmeraten (UR,eff) unterscheiden sich beträchtlich von idealen (theoretischen) Werten (UR,id). Literaturwerte sind in nationalen und internationalen Normen lediglich für bestimmte Expositionszeiten vorgegeben, während detaillierte Informationen über den zugehörigen Konzentrationsbereich fehlen. Außerdem ist die Anzahl der insgesamt in der Literatur beschriebenen Substanzen begrenzt. Das Ziel der vorgestellten Studie ist es diesen Fundus an Aufnahmeraten zu begutachten und zu prüfen und ihn durch die Bestimmung eigener qualitätsgesicherter Laborwerte zu ergänzen. Die bestimmten Aufnahmeraten werden als akkurat bezüglich ihrer relativen Standardabweichung und Vergleichbarkeit zu Literaturwerten betrachtet und können für Expositionszeiten von 7 Tagen bei Konzentrationen von 50 100 µg/m³ (ca. 100 300 ppm min) empfohlen werden. Die Sieben Tage Aufnahmeraten aus ISO16017 2 und ASTM D6196 sind nicht generell für diesen Zweck geeignet, wie exemplarisch für Benzol gezeigt wurde. T2 - Kongress 29. WaBoLu-Innenraumtage CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 24.05.2022 KW - IAQ KW - VOC KW - Passive sampling KW - Uptake rate PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-949241-04-8 AN - OPUS4-55209 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Even, Morgane A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - Weiterentwicklung und Validierung eines leistungsfähigen Verfahrens zur Bestimmung von VVOCs aus Bauprodukten und in der Innenraumluft N2 - Mehrere Aspekte wurden im Hinblick auf die Standardisierung eines geeigneten Verfahrens für die Analyse sehr flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen (VVOCs) untersucht. Die Verwendung gasförmiger Standards ist notwendig und es wurde ein stabiles Standardgasgemisch aus 60 Substanzen erfolgreich erzeugt und auf Stabilität und Reaktivität überprüft. Die Eignungsuntersuchung verschiedener Chromatographiesäulen ergab, dass PLOT-Säulen (Porous Layer Open Tubular) für die VVOC-Analytik gut geeignet sind. Für die 60 Analyten wurden Wiederfindungsraten auf mehreren Adsorbenzien und deren Kombinationen bestimmt. Dabei zeigte eine Kombination aus einem graphitierten Ruß und einem Kohlenstoff-Molekularsieb hervorragende Ergebnisse für alle Zielkomponenten. Nachteilig an Kohlenstoff-Molekularsieben ist, dass sie Wasser adsorbieren, was die Analyse beeinträchtigen kann. Zur Wasserentfernung wurden verschiedene Optionen wie das Trockenspülen oder der Einsatz eines Trocknungssystems untersucht. T2 - WaBoLu Innenraumtage CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 24.05.2022 KW - Analytische Methode KW - EN 16516 KW - ISO 16000-6 KW - VVOCs PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55281 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mi, W. A1 - Josephs, R. D. A1 - Melanson, J. E. A1 - Dai, X. A1 - Wang, Y. A1 - Zhai, R. A1 - Chu, Z. A1 - Fang, X. A1 - Thibeault, M.-P. A1 - Stocks, B. B. A1 - Meija, J. A1 - Bedu, M. A1 - Martos, G. A1 - Westwood, S. A1 - Wielgosz, R. I. A1 - Liu, Q. A1 - Teo, T. L. A1 - Liu, H. A1 - Tan, Y. J. A1 - Öztuğ, M. A1 - Saban, E. A1 - Kinumi, T. A1 - Saikusa, K. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Weller, Michael G. A1 - Konthur, Zoltán A1 - Jaeger, Carsten A1 - Quaglia, M. A1 - Mussell, C. A1 - Drinkwater, G. A1 - Giangrande, C. A1 - Vaneeckhoutte, H. A1 - Boeuf, A. A1 - Delatour, V. A1 - Lee, J. E. A1 - O'Connor, G. A1 - Ohlendorf, R. A1 - Henrion, A. A1 - Beltrão, P. J. A1 - Naressi Scapin, S. M. A1 - Sade, Y. B. T1 - PAWG Pilot Study on Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibody - Part 1 N2 - Under the auspices of the Protein Analysis Working Group (PAWG) of the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM) a pilot study, CCQM-P216, was coordinated by the Chinese National Institute of Metrology (NIM), National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). Eleven Metrology Institutes or Designated Institutes and the BIPM participated in the first phase of the pilot study (Part 1). The purpose of this pilot study was to develop measurement capabilities for larger proteins using a recombinant humanized IgG monoclonal antibody against Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 (Anti-S IgG mAb) in solution. The first phase of the study was designed to employ established methods that had been previously studies by the CCQM Protein Analysis Working Group, involving the digestion of protein down to the peptide or amino acid level. The global coronavirus pandemic has also led to increased focus on antibody quantitation methods. IgG are among the immunoglobulins produced by the immune system to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG can therefore be detected in samples from affected patients. Antibody tests can show whether a person has been exposed to the SARS-CoV-2, and whether or not they potentially show lasting immunity to the disease. With the constant spread of the virus and the high pressure of re-opening economies, antibody testing plays a critical role in the fight against COVID-19 by helping healthcare professionals to identify individuals who have developed an immune response, either via vaccination or exposure to the virus. Many countries have launched large-scale antibody testing for COVID-19. The development of measurement standards for the antibody detection of SARS-CoV-2 is critically important to deal with the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, the SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody is being used as a model system to build capacity in methods that can be used in antibody quantification. Amino acid reference values with corresponding expanded uncertainty of 36.10 ± 1.55 mg/kg, 38.75 ± 1.45 mg/kg, 18.46 ± 0.78 mg/kg, 16.20 ± 0.67 mg/kg and 30.61 ± 1.30 mg/kg have been established for leucine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine and proline, respectively. Agreement between nearly all laboratories was achieved for the amino acid analysis within 2 to 2.5 %, with one participant achieving markedly higher results due to a technical issue found in their procedure; this result was thus excluded from the reference value calculations. The relatively good agreement within a laboratory between different amino acids was not dissimilar to previous results for peptides or small proteins, indicating that factors such as hydrolysis conditions and calibration procedures could be the largest sources of variability. Peptide reference values with corresponding expanded uncertainty of 4.99 ± 0.28 mg/kg and 6.83 ± 0.65 mg/kg have been established for ALPAPIEK and GPSVFPLAPSSK, respectively. Not surprisingly due to prior knowledge from previous studies on peptide quantitation, agreement between laboratories for the peptide-based analysis was slightly poorer at 3 to 5 %, with one laboratory's result excluded for the peptide GPSVFPLAPSSK. Again, this level of agreement was not significantly poorer than that achieved in previous studies with smaller or less complex proteins. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. KW - Antibody quantification KW - Amino acid analysis KW - Peptide analysis KW - Round robin test PY - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/59/1a/08001 VL - 59 IS - 1A SP - 08001 AN - OPUS4-54972 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Schmidt, Alexandra A1 - Rasmussen, K. A1 - Rauscher, H. T1 - Counting Small Particles in Electron Microscopy Images — Proposal for Rules and Their Application in Practice N2 - Electron microscopy (EM) is the gold standard for the characterisation of the morphology (size and shape) of nanoparticles. Visual observation of objects under examination is always a necessary first step in the characterisation process. Several questions arise when undertaking to identify and count particles to measure their size and shape distribution. In addition to challenges with the dispersion and identification of the particles, more than one protocol for counting particles is in use. This paper focuses on precise rules for the counting of particles in EM micrographs, as this influences the measurement accuracy of the number of particles, thus implicitly affecting the size values of the counted particles. We review and compare four different, commonly used methods for counting, which we then apply in case studies. The impact of the selected counting rule on the obtained final particle size distribution is highlighted. One main aim of this analysis is to support the application of a specific, well-defined counting approach in accordance with regulatory requirements to contribute to achieving more reliable and reproducible results. It is also useful for the new harmonised measurement procedures for determining the particle size and particle size distribution of nanomaterials. KW - Nano KW - Particle size distribution KW - Nanoparticle KW - Nanomaterial KW - OECD PY - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-551891 SN - 2079-4991 VL - 12 IS - 13 SP - 2238 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-55189 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kittner, Maria A1 - Kerndorff, A. A1 - Ricking, M. A1 - Bednarz, M. A1 - Obermaier, N. A1 - Lukas, M. A1 - Asenova, M. A1 - Bordós, G. A1 - Eisentraut, Paul A1 - Hohenblum, P. A1 - Hudcova, H. A1 - Humer, F. A1 - István, T. G. A1 - Kirchner, M. A1 - Marushevska, O. A1 - Nemejcová, D. A1 - Oswald, P. A1 - Paunovic, M. A1 - Sengl, M. A1 - Slobodnik, J. A1 - Spanowsky, K. A1 - Tudorache, M. A1 - Wagensonner, H. A1 - Liska, I. A1 - Braun, U. A1 - Bannick, C. G. T1 - Microplastics in the Danube River Basin: A First Comprehensive Screening with a Harmonized Analytical Approach N2 - In this study, carried out within the Joint Danube Survey 4, a comprehensive microplastic screening in the water column within a large European river basin from its source to estuary, including major tributaries, was realized. The objective was to develop principles of a systematic and practicable microplastic monitoring strategy using sedimentation boxes for collection of suspended particulate matter followed by its subsequent analysis using thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In total, 18 sampling sites in the Danube River Basin were investigated. The obtained suspended particulate matter samples were subdivided into the fractions of >100 μm and <100 μm and subsequently analyzed for microplastic mass contents. The results showed that microplastics were detected in all samples, with polyethylene being the predominant polymer with maximum contents of 22.24 μg/mg, 3.23 μg/mg for polystyrene, 1.03 μg/mg for styrene-butadiene-rubber, and 0.45 μg/mg for polypropylene. Further, polymers such as different sorts of polyester, polyacrylates, polylactide, and natural rubber were not detected or below the detection limit. Additional investigations on possible interference of polyethylene signals by algae-derived fatty acids were assessed. In the context of targeted monitoring, repeated measurements provide more certainty in the interpretation of the results for the individual sites. Nevertheless, it can be stated that the chosen approach using an integrative sampling and determination of total plastic content proved to be successful. KW - Thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS), monitoring KW - Microplastics KW - River KW - Suspended particulate matter (SPM) KW - Sedimentation box (SB) PY - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-551444 VL - 2 IS - 7 SP - 1174 EP - 1181 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-55144 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Theiner, S. A1 - Corte Rodriguez, M. A1 - Traub, Heike ED - Golloch, A. T1 - Novel applications of lanthanoids as analytical or diagnostic tools in the life sciences by ICP-MS based techniques N2 - Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a well-established analytical method offering high sensitivity and multi-element analysis. ICP-MS has found acceptance in various application areas ranging from material analysis to applications in the life sciences. Within the last 15 years new strategies for the sensitive detection and accurate quantification of biomolecules in complex biomedical samples have been developed. Recent instrumental improvements have contributed to this progress. As most of the biomolecules do not contain endogenous metals etectable with ICP-MS, bioconjugation with artificial metal-containing tags based on metal-loaded chelate complexes or nanoparticles is increasingly applied to determine biomolecules indirectly. Especially, the combination of immunohistochemical workflows using lanthanoid-tagged antibodies and ICP-MS detection provides new insights in the complexity and interdependency of cellular processes. Single-cell ICP-MS, also termed as mass cytometry, allows high-dimensional analysis of biomarkers in cell populations at single-cell resolution. For that purpose, lanthanoid isotope labelled antibodies are used to detect their corresponding target molecules. The visualisation of the elemental distribution is possible with laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICPMS) at high spatial resolution. Especially, the combination of LA with ICP time-of-flight mass spectrometry, also referred to as imaging mass cytometry (IMC), opens new possibilities for multiparametric tissue imaging at the single-cell level and even below. The lanthanoid localisation and concentration can be linked to their conjugated antibody target providing valuable information about surface markers, intracellular signalling molecules to measure biological function, and the network state of an individual cell in a tissue. This book chapter focuses on new applications, where the multi-element capabilities of ICP-MS are used for the detection of lanthanoids applied as artificial elemental stains or tags for biomolecules and in particular antibodies. KW - ICP-MS KW - Laser ablation KW - Cell KW - Antibody KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Lanthanoid KW - Mass cytometry KW - Imaging PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-11069-645-5 SN - 978-3-11069-636-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110696455-013 SP - 399 EP - 444 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin, Boston ET - 2. rev. and exten. edition AN - OPUS4-55118 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Fabian A1 - Gehrenkemper, Lennart A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - A fast and simple PFAS extraction method for soil sample analysis using HR-CS-GFMAS N2 - Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are a substance class of over 4730 individual compounds. Several PFASs are extremely persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic. The analysis of PFASs is challenging because of their different chemical and physical properties as well as the high number of target substances. Target-based approaches (e.g., LC-MS/MS) are limited to the availability of analytical grade standards and are not suitable for the analysis of new/unknown PFASs and transformation products. Therefore, PFAS sum parameter methods become increasingly important to indicate a realistic PFAS pollution level. PFAS sum parameters compromise the proportion of organically bound fluorine that can either be extracted (EOF) or adsorbed to activated carbon (AOF). For the instrumental analysis of such sum parameters, a fluorine selective detector is needed. High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) is a sensitive and highly selective tool for indirect fluorine determination. The method is based on the in situ formation of diatomic gallium-mono fluoride (GaF) in a graphite furnace at a temperature of 1550°C. The molecular absorption of GaF can be detected at its most sensitive wavelength at 211.248 nm providing limits of quantification of c(F) 2.7 µg/L. Here, we describe a fast and simple extraction method for the determination of the EOF using HR-CS-GFMAS in soil samples. Common approaches for the EOF determination use solid phase extraction (SPE). To omit the bias of this time consuming and expensive step we optimized a fast and simple SPE-free extraction method. The developed extraction method consists of a liquid-solid extraction using acidified methanol. Comparison of the method with and without an SPE clean-up step revealed a drastic underestimation of EOF concentrations using SPE. In the next step, the applicability of our method was tested for other solid matrices. In view of steadily increasing numbers of PFASs, our method will make an important contribution in assessing the pollution situation as well as support policy makers in deriving exposure limits for PFASs in the future. T2 - Analytica conference CY - München, Germany DA - 21.06.2022 KW - PFAS KW - HR-CS-GFMAS KW - Soil KW - Fluorine KW - SPE PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55124 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - You, Zengchao A1 - Akkus, A. A1 - Weisheit, W. A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique T1 - Multi element analysis in soil using nitrogen microwave inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MICAP MS) N2 - Due to the fast growth of industry and the use of metal-containing compounds such as sewage sludge in agricultural fields, soil pollution associated with heavy metals presents a terrifying threat to the environment. Throughout the world, there are already 5 million sites of soil contaminated by heavy metals1. Some heavy metals pollutants can influence food chain safety and food quality, which in turn affects human health. According to the German Federal Soil Protection and Contaminated Site Ordinance (BBodSchV) 13 heavy metals such as arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are classified as heavily toxic to human health2. Therefore, elemental analysis and precise quantification of the heavy metals in soil are of great importance. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) emerged as a powerful technique for trace analysis of soil due to its multi-element capability, high sensitivity and low sample consumption. However, despite its success and widespread use, ICP-MS has several persistent drawbacks, such as high argon gas consumption, argon-based polyatomic interferences and the need for complicated RF-power generators. Unlike argon-based ICP, the nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (MICAP-MS) uses nitrogen as plasma gas, which eliminates high operating costs associated with argon-gas consumption as well as the argon-based interferences3. For the first time, the applicability of MICAP-MS for elemental analysis of environmental soils is investigated in this work. For this purpose, 7 reference- and 3 random soil samples containing vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), zink (Zn), copper (Cu), chrome (Cr), mercury (Hg), As, Pb and Cd are digested with aqua regia and used for analysis. Concentrations of selected elements are determined using MICAP-MS and validated using ICP-MS. Sensitivities, limits of detection and gas consumption for both methods are compared and discussed in detail. Moreover, the performance of MICAP-MS under different nitrogen plasma gas concentrations is investigated and compared T2 - Spectroscopium Colloquium CY - Gijon, Spain DA - 30.05.2022 KW - Microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (MICAP-MS) KW - Multi-element analysis KW - Soil KW - Nitrogen plasma PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55181 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - You, Zengchao A1 - Akkus, A. A1 - Weisheit, W. A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Abad Andrade, Carlos Enrique T1 - Multi element analysis in soil using nitrogen microwave inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MICAP MS) N2 - Due to the fast growth of industry and the use of metal-containing compounds such as sewage sludge in agricultural fields, soil pollution associated with heavy metals presents a terrifying threat to the environment. Throughout the world, there are already 5 million sites of soil contaminated by heavy metals1. Some heavy metals pollutants can influence food chain safety and food quality, which in turn affects human health. According to the German Federal Soil Protection and Contaminated Site Ordinance (BBodSchV) 13 heavy metals such as arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are classified as heavily toxic to human health2. Therefore, elemental analysis and precise quantification of the heavy metals in soil are of great importance. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) emerged as a powerful technique for trace analysis of soil due to its multi-element capability, high sensitivity and low sample consumption. However, despite its success and widespread use, ICP-MS has several persistent drawbacks, such as high argon gas consumption, argon-based polyatomic interferences and the need for complicated RF-power generators. Unlike argon-based ICP, the nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (MICAP-MS) uses nitrogen as plasma gas, which eliminates high operating costs associated with argon-gas consumption as well as the argon-based interferences3. For the first time, the applicability of MICAP-MS for elemental analysis of environmental soils is investigated in this work. For this purpose, 7 reference- and 3 random soil samples containing vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), zink (Zn), copper (Cu), chrome (Cr), mercury (Hg), As, Pb and Cd are digested with aqua regia and used for analysis. Concentrations of selected elements are determined using MICAP-MS and validated using ICP-MS. Sensitivities, limits of detection and gas consumption for both methods are compared and discussed in detail. Moreover, the performance of MICAP-MS under different nitrogen plasma gas concentrations is investigated and compared. T2 - BAM Adlershofer Kolloquium CY - Online meeting DA - 21.06.2022 KW - Microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (MICAP-MS) KW - Multi-element analysis KW - Soil KW - Nitrogen plasma PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55182 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kader, A. A1 - Kaufmann, Jan Ole A1 - Mangarova, D. B. A1 - Moeckel, J. A1 - Brangsch, J. A1 - Adams, L. C. A1 - Zhao, J. A1 - Reimann, C. A1 - Saatz, Jessica A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Buchholz, R. A1 - Karst, U. A1 - Hamm, B. A1 - Makowski, M. R. T1 - Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Visualization of Prostate Cancer in MRI N2 - Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men. For detection and diagnosis of PCa, non-invasive methods, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can reduce the risk potential of surgical intervention. To explore the molecular characteristics of the tumor, we investigated the applicability of ferumoxytol in PCa in a xenograft mouse model in two different tumor volumes, 500 mm3 and 1000 mm3. Macrophages play a key role in tumor progression, and they are able to internalize iron-oxide particles, such as ferumoxytol. When evaluating T2*-weighted sequences on MRI, a significant decrease of signal intensity between pre- and post-contrast images for each tumor volume (n = 14; p < 0.001) was measured. We, furthermore, observed a higher signal loss for a tumor volume of 500 mm3 than for 1000 mm3. These findings were confirmed by histological examinations and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The 500 mm3 tumors had 1.5% iron content (n = 14; sigma = 1.1), while the 1000 mm3 tumors contained only 0.4% iron (n = 14; sigma = 0.2). In vivo MRI data demonstrated a correlation with the ex vivo data (R2 = 0.75). The results of elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry correlated strongly with the MRI data (R2 = 0.83) (n = 4). Due to its long retention time in the blood, biodegradability, and low toxicity to patients, ferumoxytol has great potential as a contrast agent for visualization PCa. KW - Imaging KW - Nanoparticle KW - Cancer KW - Iron oxide KW - ICP-MS KW - Magnetic resonance imaging PY - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-550075 VL - 14 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-55007 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xiao, J. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Rosner, M. A1 - Jin, Z. T1 - Boron isotope fractionation in soil-plant systems and its influence on biogeochemical cycling N2 - Boron (B) is an essential mineral nutrient for higher plants. Although B plant nutrition is well studied, the B isotope fractionation at the soil-plant interface, within plant metabolism, and its influence on biogeochemical cycling is not fully understood. Boron concentrations and isotope variations (δ11B) of the dicotyledonous plants of Chenopodium album and Brassica napus and their growing soils along a climatic gradient were analyzed to decipher these unresolved issues of the B behavior. The boron concentrations and δ11B values show an increasing trend from roots to leaves for both plants, while a decreasing trend from flower to shell and to seed for Brassica napus. A large boron isotope fractionation occurs within the plants with median Δ11Bleaf-root ≈ +20‰, which is related to different boron transporters and transportation ways. Formation of borate dimerized rhamnogalacturonan II in cell and B(OH)3 transportation in xylem lead to heavier δ11B values from root to stem and leaf while B(OH)4􀀀 transportation in phloem lead to lighter δ11B values from flower to shell and seed. Although samples cover a distinct transect with systematically different climatic conditions, Δδ11B within the individual plant compartments and between the bulk plants and the soil available B do not show any systematic variation. This suggests that B uptake from the soil into Chenopodium album and Brassica napus occurs without a distinct isotope fractionation at the soil-plant interface (median Δ11Bbulkplant-soil = 􀀀 0.2‰) and plants are able to regulate boron uptake. Both the observed large B fractionation within plant and low or absent B isotope fractionation at the soil-plant interface may have profound implications for the biological and geological B cycle. If this observed boron behavior also exists in other plants, their litters would be an important source for exporting 11B-rich biological material from continental ecosystems via rivers to the global oceans. This may be helpful for the explanation of ocean B cycle and the increasing δ11B values over the Cenozoic. KW - Boron isotopic composition KW - Boron isotope fractionation KW - Soil available boron KW - Biological boron recycling KW - Chenopodium album KW - Brassica napus PY - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.120972 SN - 0009-2541 VL - 606 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-55031 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Roesch, Philipp A1 - Wittwer, Philipp A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) technique as screening tool for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination in wastewater-based fertilizers N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of organofluorine surfactants used in the formulations of thousands of consumer goods, including aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) used to suppress aviation fires in training scenarios, non-stick cookware, fast-food wrappers, water-repellent fabrics, medical equipment, and plastic and leather products. As a result of the perpetual use of PFAS containing products, effluents and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been observed to be an important pathway for PFAS into the environment. In Germany, phosphorus and other nutrients from sewage sludge and wastewater should be recycled in WWTPs of cities with a large population. However, it is not clear if PFAS contamination from wastewater and sewage sludge end up in novel wastewater-based fertilizers. Normally, PFAS are analyzed using PFAS protocols typically with time-consuming extraction steps and LC-MS-MS quantification. However, for screening of PFAS contaminations in sewage sludge or wastewater-based fertilizers also passive sampler based on the Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) technique can be used for the PFAS extraction. Afterwards, combustion ion chromatography (CIC) can be applied to analyse the “total” amount of PFAS on the passive sampler. Here, we show results from the DGT method in comparison to those of the extractable organic fluorine (EOF) method for a variety of wastewater-based fertilizers. Additionally, we analysed the adsorption of PFAS on the weak anion exchanger (WAX) based DGT passive sampler binding layer by infrared and fluorine K-edge X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. T2 - SETAC Europe 2022 CY - Copenhagen, Denmark DA - 15.05.2022 KW - Passive sampling KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Sewage sludge KW - Wastewater PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54883 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de O. Primo, J. A1 - Horsth, D.F. A1 - de S. Correa, J. A1 - Das, A. A1 - Bittencourt, C. A1 - Umek, P. A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Yusenko, Kirill A1 - Zanetta, C. A1 - Anaissi, F.J. T1 - Synthesis and Characterization of Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles for Bacteria Disinfection in Water N2 - n this study, two green synthesis routes were used for the synthesis of Ag/ZnO nanoparticles, using cassava starch as a simple and low-cost effective fuel and Aloe vera as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The Ag/ZnO nanoparticles were characterized and used for bacterial dis- infection of lake water contaminated with Escherichia coli (E. coli). Characterization indicated the formation of a face-centered cubic structure of metallic silver nanoparticles with no insertion of Ag into the ZnO hexagonal wurtzite structure. Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses described in “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater” were used to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment. In comparison to pure ZnO, the synthesized Ag/ZnO nanoparticles showed high efficiencies against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and general coliforms present in the lake water. These pathogens were absent after treatment using Ag/ZnO nanoparticles. The results indicate that Ag/ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via green chemistry are a promising candidate for the treatment of wastewaters contaminated by bacteria, due to their facile preparation, low-cost synthesis,and disinfection efficiency. KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline PY - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-562440 SN - 2079-4991 VL - 12 IS - 10 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-56244 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Winckelmann, Alexander T1 - Why do I have to charge my phone twice a day? N2 - Aging Mechanisms of Lithium Batteries: How can we make batteries more durable and more sustainable in the future? Lithium batteries are particularly susceptible to ageing processes. During each charging and discharging process in an electric battery, lithium ions are deposited in the electrodes of the cell like in the pores of a sponge. Over time, however, fractures and cracks occur in the filigree structures. The result: more and more lithium ions no longer fit into the hollow spaces of the „sponge“, instead they accumulate in heaps around the electrodes and hinder the movement of other ions. The performance of the battery decreases. We present our new project, in which we are developing a fast and cost-effective method with which companies that produce lithium batteries can already assess the ageing behaviour of their batteries in the laboratory. T2 - Berlin Science Week 2022 CY - Online meeting DA - 10.11.2022 KW - Lithium Ion Batteries KW - Aging Mechanisms PY - 2022 UR - https://berlinscienceweek.com/de/event/why-do-i-have-to-charge-my-phone-twice-a-day/ UR - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bF7bQTY49rQ AN - OPUS4-56245 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Cakir, Cafer Tufan T1 - Big to Small - Getting Smarter@BAMline N2 - In this talk an overview about artificial intelligence/machine learning applications @BAMline is given. In the first part, the use of neural networks for the quantification of XRF measurements and the decoding of coded-aperture measurements are shown. Then it is shown how Gaussian processes and Bayesian statistics can be used to achieve an optimal alignment of the set-up and in general for optimization of measurements. T2 - Forschungsseminar Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik TU Berlin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 25.10.2022 KW - Artificial Inelligence KW - Machine Learning KW - Bayesian Statistics KW - Gaussian process KW - Neural network KW - BAMline KW - Synchrotron PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56249 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -