TY - JOUR A1 - Lancaster, Shaun T. A1 - Sahlin, Eskil A1 - Oelze, Marcus A1 - Ostermann, Markus A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Laperche, Valérie A1 - Touze, Solène A1 - Ghestem, Jean-Philippe A1 - Dalencourt, Claire A1 - Gendre, Régine A1 - Stammeier, Jessica A1 - Klein, Ole A1 - Pröfrock, Daniel A1 - Košarac, Gala A1 - Jotanovic, Aida A1 - Bergamaschi, Luigi A1 - Di Luzio, Marco A1 - D’Agostino, Giancarlo A1 - Jaćimović, Radojko A1 - Eberhard, Melissa A1 - Feiner, Laura A1 - Trimmel, Simone A1 - Rachetti, Alessandra A1 - Sara-Aho, Timo A1 - Roethke, Anita A1 - Michaliszyn, Lena A1 - Pramann, Axel A1 - Rienitz, Olaf A1 - Irrgeher, Johanna T1 - Evaluation of X-ray fluorescence for analysing critical elements in three electronic waste matrices: A comprehensive comparison of analytical techniques N2 - As the drive towards recycling electronic waste increases, demand for rapid and reliable analytical methodology to analyse the metal content of the waste is increasing, e.g. to assess the value of the waste and to decide the correct recycling routes. Here, we comprehensively assess the suitability of different x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF)-based techniques as rapid analytical tools for the determination of critical raw materials, such as Al, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Pd and Au, in three electronic waste matrices: printed circuit boards (PCB), light emitting diodes (LED), and lithium (Li)-ion batteries. As validated reference methods and materials to establish metrological traceability are lacking, several laboratories measured test samples of each matrix using XRF as well as other independent complementary techniques (instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ICP optical emission spectrometry (OES)) as an inter-laboratory comparison (ILC). Results highlighted key aspects of sample preparation, limits of detection, and spectral interferences that affect the reliability of XRF, while additionally highlighting that XRF can provide more reliable data for certain elements compared to digestion-based approaches followed by ICP-MS analysis (e.g. group 4 and 5 metals). A clear distinction was observed in data processing methodologies for wavelength dispersive XRF, highlighting that considering the metals present as elements (rather than oxides) induces overestimations of the mass fractions when compared to other techniques. Eventually, the effect of sample particle size was studied and indicated that smaller particle size (<200 μm) is essential for reliable determinations. KW - XRF KW - WEEE KW - PCB KW - Battery KW - LED KW - Recycling PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-614060 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2024.10.015 VL - 190 SP - 496 EP - 505 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-61406 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sowoidnich, Kay A1 - Pätzold, Stefan A1 - Ostermann, Markus A1 - Sumpf, Bernd A1 - Maiwald, Martin T1 - Qualitative and quantitative soil characterization on an agricultural field using a portable shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy instrument N2 - Site-specific farmland management requires comprehensive information about the soil status to derive informed treatment decisions, e.g. for liming or fertilizer recommendations. Standard laboratory methods relying on sample collection have only limited ability to adequately capture the spatial variability of typical agricultural fields. Here, on-site analytical techniques with the potential to measure the soil properties on a substance-specific level and at the required spatial resolution could be very beneficial. Raman spectroscopy is a very promising technique for this purpose as it provides a molecular fingerprint of soil constituents. However, intrinsic soil fluorescence and daylight interference can be major issues masking characteristic Raman signals. Here, we apply an in-house developed portable shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) instrument based on a dual-wavelength diode laser emitting around 785 nm to effectively separate the Raman signals of soil from such interferences. SERDS investigations on a selected agricultural field in Germany demonstrate that the Raman spectroscopic signature of 9 soil minerals and organic carbon could successfully be separated from intense backgrounds. Using partial least squares regression against reference analyses, a successful prediction of the soil carbonate (R2 = 0.86, root mean squared error of cross validation RMSECV = 2.49%) and soil organic carbon content (R2 = 0.89, RMSECV = 0.32%) as important soil parameters is realized. The results obtained on-site with the portable instrument were confirmed by SERDS laboratory experiments of collected soil samples thus highlighting the capability and reliability of portable SERDS as promising and complementary tool for precision agriculture KW - XRF KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Soil KW - SERDS KW - Precision agriculture PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-634597 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d5an00178a SN - 0003-2654 VL - 150 IS - 13 SP - 2934 EP - 2944 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) AN - OPUS4-63459 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gordon, Nehemia A1 - Patrick, Andrist A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Vasileiadis, Pavlos D. A1 - Calvillo, Nelson A1 - Rabin, Ira T1 - Did the Original Scribes Write the Distigmai in Codex Vaticanus B of the Bible (Vat. gr. 1209)? N2 - The fourth-century Greek Bible manuscript Codex Vaticanus B (Vat. gr. 1209) contains pairs of horizontally aligned marginal dots known as distigmai, which correspond to textual variants in other manuscripts. The production of the distigmai has been variously dated to the 4th or 16th centuries. A fourth-century date would prove the early existence of hundreds of textual variants, many of which are otherwise only witnessed by later manuscripts. Near infrared microscope reflectography combined with micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy proved that the distigmai, both those categorized as “apricot” (which are visually similar to the ink of the original main text) and “chocolate” (which are visually similar to the reinking of the main text) were written with ink(s) made from chemically purified vitriol, a process that only became standard in the 16th century. As a result, there is no reasonable chance that the distigmai were written in the fourth century. Horizontal lines that have been hypothesized to function as text-critical obeloi were written in the same ink as the original main text, which differs completely from that of the distigmai. In other words, the distigmai and horizontal lines tested were not produced during the same writing session and are separated by more than 1,000 years, making it impossible for them to have functioned as conjoining text-critical symbols in the 4th century. KW - Bible manuscripts KW - New Testament KW - Paratextual features KW - Textual criticism KW - Obelos KW - Septuagint KW - XRF KW - Greek palaeography PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-622902 DO - https://doi.org/10.1163/27728641-00302005 SN - 2772-8633 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 125 EP - 156 PB - Brill CY - Leiden AN - OPUS4-62290 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rabin, Ira ED - Binder, J. T1 - The marginal notes of Tosefta MS Erfurt N2 - Manuscript Erfurt 12 of the Tosefta (now Berlin, Staatsbibliothek, Ms. or. fol. 1220) is one of three major textual witnesses of the Tosefta. This manuscript has over 80 marginal notes which have not merited scholarly attention. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of all the marginal notes, including an evaluation of their ink composition, a palaeographic assessment of the scripts, as well as a philological assessment of their contents. Combining these methodologies differentiates between the glosses of the scribe and those added by later hands and identifies their provenance, allowing us to trace the history of the manuscript via the emendations that took place in the scholarly communities in which the manuscript was studied. One of the important outcomes of the research is an early dating of the manuscript to eleventh-century Italy, overturning the scholarly view which dates the manuscript to twelfth-century Rhineland KW - Hebrew Manuscripts KW - Ink KW - NIR KW - XRF PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.3828/jjs.2025.76.2.272 SN - 0022-2097 VL - 76 IS - 2 SP - 272 EP - 300 AN - OPUS4-64770 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rabin, Ira T1 - Material analysis of afghanistan liturgical quire (ALQ) conducted at the BAM N2 - The lecture presents the results of the detailed material analysis of the inks and of the parchment of the Afghanistan Liturgical Quire (ALQ), conducted at the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung (BAM) in Berlin. Testing was conducted using the following techniques: 3-color photography, 3D-digital microscopy, scanning μ-X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), μ- Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. I will give a short explanation of the principles of the techniques and explain the choice of the instruments. The main task of our work at the BAM required characterization of the inks and comparison of the ink as well as the composition of parchment. For the ink characterization we have followed the protocol developed at the BAM. The standard protocol includes three non-invasive stages: a) near infrared photography (NIRR) to determine the ink type or its main component; b) X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) to determine a fingerprint for iron-gall inks or contaminants in carbon/plant inks; c) Raman spectroscopy if there is an indication that the inks are of a mixed type. For parchment characterization, we usually employ µ-XRF-mapping and FTIR to gain information on specific treatments experienced by the parchment during its preparation and history. T2 - 19th World Congress of Jewish Studies CY - Jerusalem, Israel DA - 04.08.2025 KW - Hebrew Manuscripts KW - Parchment KW - Ink KW - XRF KW - NIR PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64776 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Cohen, Zina ED - Corazzol, Giacomo ED - Fargeon, Sarah T1 - Black inks in medieval Jewish manuscripts N2 - Our aim was to obtain information about the use of different black inks in medieval Hebrew manuscripts, focusing on the question of possible preferences in the use of certain inks by different scribes. We present here an overview of the inks detected in a selection of Hebrew documents penned in the Middle East in the period from the 11th century to the 13th century. KW - Historic ink KW - Ink KW - Hebrew manuscripts KW - XRF KW - NIR PY - 2025 UR - https://books.openedition.org/ephe/2673?lang=en DO - https://doi.org/10.4000/13sug SP - 13 EP - 30 CY - Paris AN - OPUS4-65349 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Machine learning: examples from BAMline N2 - Various applications for artificial intelligence in the context of spectroscopy will be presented. in particular, examples from BAMline will be presented. After a short introduction to synchrotron radiation, artificial intelligence algorithms for the quantification of X-ray fluorescence measurement are discussed. In the second example, information retrieval by natural language processing is discussed. T2 - Analytical Academy CY - Online meeting DA - 02.06.2020 KW - Machine learning KW - BAMline KW - XRF KW - Synchrotron PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51898 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Illuminating the Past, Shaping the Future: Advanced Technologies in Gold Analysis and Beamline Control N2 - The presentation explores how synchrotron radiation is used for non-destructive and highly precise analysis of gold artifacts. It explains how synchrotron radiation provides extremely bright and tunable X-rays that can examine very small areas with great accuracy. These features make it ideal for studying cultural heritage objects without damaging them. The presentation highlights case studies such as the Nebra Sky Disk, the Hiddensee gold jewelry, Phoenician ivory, and Egyptian gold from Abydos. These examples show how synchrotron-based techniques reveal details about the origin, composition, and manufacturing of ancient gold. A major focus is the Bernstorf gold discovery in Bavaria. Over several years, different analytical methods, including synchrotron X-ray fluorescence, were applied to test whether the gold was genuinely ancient. The studies found nearly pure gold, sparking debate about whether such purity could be achieved in the Bronze Age. In the final part, the presentation connects this research with modern developments in automation and artificial intelligence. It describes how beamline experiments can be controlled through the EPICS system, Python scripting, and AI tools such as ChatGPT and Whisper, enabling intelligent and voice-assisted operation. T2 - Seminar Strahlenphysikalische Anwendungen in Technik und Medizin CY - Wien, Austria DA - 29.01.2025 KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - AI KW - Gold KW - XRF PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64477 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - X-Ray fluorescence with synchrotron radiation basics and applications N2 - In this talk, the features of X-ray fluorescence analysis with synchrotron radiation will be presented. First, the basics of the origin of synchrotron radiation and X-ray fluorescence analysis and the experimental setup will be discussed. Then, examples of trace element detection, micrometer resolution, and application of the X-ray color camera will be shown. T2 - HZB Photon school 2020 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 09.03.2020 KW - Synchrotron KW - BAMline KW - XRF KW - Machine learning PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51894 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cakir, Cafer Tufan A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Radtke, Martin T1 - Digital Twin for Multimodal Synchrotron Experiments N2 - In this contribution, I present a digital twin-based workflow designed to optimize experimental parameters in X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), with a focus on reproducibility, data integration, and alignment with FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles in materials science and engineering (MSE). The developed pipeline begins with automated retrieval of crystallographic information from the Materials Project database based on a given sample composition. This structural data is then used to simulate the corresponding XES spectra using FDMNES, allowing for accurate prediction of element-specific emission lines. The simulated emission lines are fed into an X-ray tracing (XRT) module, which builds a virtual replica of the experimental setup. This digital twin environment enables predictive modeling of spectrometer performance based on geometric configurations. The optimization focuses on two key parameters: the choice of the analyzing crystal and the distance between the sample and crystal (which also defines the crystal–detector distance due to Bragg condition constraints). An active learning algorithm is employed to iteratively adjust these parameters in order to achieve a desired energy-per-pixel (E/pixel) resolution with minimal intensity loss, enabling efficient, data-driven experimental planning. By integrating data-driven simulations with real-time optimization strategies, this workflow supports efficient experiment planning while minimizing resource consumption and human error. Furthermore, all stages of the process—from data collection and simulation to optimization and visualization—are structured to ensure traceability and interoperability, facilitating future reuse and collaborative research. I hope this contribution aligns well with the topic “Workflows for FAIR MSE Data” and offers a concrete example of how digital twins can be harnessed to improve the design, execution, and documentation of spectroscopy experiments in the MSE domain. T2 - MSE Research Data Forum 2025 CY - Siegburg, Germany DA - 08.07.2025 KW - Multi Modal KW - XRD KW - XRF KW - Optimization PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63794 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -