TY - CONF A1 - Bellon, Carsten T1 - Radiographic Simulator aRTist - Computer simulation for industrial Tomography N2 - aRTist is an easy-to-use and practical simulation tool to generate realistic radiographic images from CAD objects. A dedicated add-on module makes CT simulation easy (virtual computer tomography). Just choose the number of projections. Unlike in the practice, simulation can separately image the primary and scatter radiation. This allows studying the scattering artefacts in CT (gray-level variations in regions of homogeneous material). T2 - 5. Jenaer μCT-Workshop CY - Jena, Germany DA - 20.11.2019 KW - Vitual computer tomography simulation PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49826 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas A1 - Wack, Y. A1 - Mook, G. T1 - Simulation of an instrumented ultrasonic test run with a rail inspection train N2 - Rail inspection performed by ultrasonic rail inspection trains is a complex and challenging process. A large number of variables and parameters given by the environment, the track and the testing-system have an influence on the overall performance of the inspection and the inspection result. Typically the parameter vary in a combination depending on the track condition. To evaluate the individual influence of each relevant variable, simulation tools can be used. Therefore the entire inspection process has to be transferred into a model using combined modelling techniques. The goal of this work is to model an instrumented ultrasonic test run with a rail inspection train with the parameters varied by a script over a virtually driven distance. T2 - 46th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation- QNDE 2019 CY - Portland, OR, USA DA - 14.07.2019 KW - Ultrasound KW - Rail inspection KW - Modelling KW - Simulation PY - 2019 VL - 2019 SP - 1 EP - 3 AN - OPUS4-49839 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Bente, Klaas A1 - Hufschläger, Daniel T1 - Air-coupled ultrasonic sensors N2 - We present an overview of air-coupled ultrasonic transducers. T2 - Workshop BAM-IWF CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 25.11.2019 KW - Air-coupled transducers KW - Ferroelectret KW - Thermoacoustics KW - Plasma PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49806 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Boehm, Rainer T1 - Phased Array und Imaging, zwei raumzeitliche Interferenzverfahren N2 - Phased-Array-Technik und Bildgebung mit Ultraschallwellen sind nach langer Entwicklungszeit inzwischen auf dem Weg zu allgemeiner Verbreitung. Daher bietet sich an, die verschiedenen Techniken und deren Begriffe wie z.B. Phased-Array, SAFT, TFM, FMC und Sparse-Array zusammenfassend in Beziehung zu setzen. All diesen Techniken liegt dieselbe Idee zu Grunde, nämlich durch gezielte Überlagerung von Ultraschallsignalen den gewünschten Effekt zu erreichen. Die verschiedenen Techniken werden kurz charakterisiert und neben den Unterschieden wird beschreiben, auf welche Weise bei all diesen Techniken das Phänomen der konstruktiven Interferenz jeweils genutzt wird. T2 - Ultraschall-Array-Technologien und ihre Anwendungen, Seminar des FA Ultraschallprüfung der DGZfP CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.11.2019 KW - Phased Array KW - Imaging KW - Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique KW - Total Focusing Methode KW - Full Matrix Capture PY - 2019 UR - https://www.dgzfp.de/seminar/ultraschall# AN - OPUS4-49791 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Boehm, Rainer T1 - Phased Array und Imaging, zwei raumzeitliche Interferenzverfahren N2 - Phased-Array-Technik und Bildgebung mit Ultraschallwellen sind nach langer Entwicklungszeit inzwischen auf dem Weg zu allgemeiner Verbreitung. Daher bietet sich an, die verschiedenen Techniken und deren Begriffe wie z.B. Phased-Array, SAFT, TFM, FMC und Sparse-Array zusammenfassend in Beziehung zu setzen. All diesen Techniken liegt dieselbe Idee zu Grunde, nämlich durch gezielte Überlagerung von Ultraschallsignalen den gewünschten Effekt zu erreichen. Die verschiedenen Techniken werden kurz charakterisiert und neben den Unterschieden wird beschreiben, auf welche Weise bei all diesen Techniken das Phänomen der konstruktiven Interferenz jeweils genutzt wird. T2 - Ultraschall-Array-Technologien und ihre Anwendungen, Seminar des FA Ultraschallprüfung der DGZfP CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.11.2019 KW - Phased Array KW - Imaging KW - Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique KW - Total Focusing Methode KW - Full Matrix Capture PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-497924 UR - https://www.dgzfp.de/seminar/ultraschall# SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - DGZfP AN - OPUS4-49792 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bulling, Jannis A1 - Gravenkamp, H. T1 - Comparison of different models for stress singularities in higher order finite element methods for elastic waves N2 - In this contribution, we present three models to capture singularities in combination with the Spectral Element Method. The first model, the continued-fraction-based Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method, the second model, a new approach based on enrichment with static modes, and the third model, which uses an hp-refinement near the singularity, are compared among each other and evaluated in terms of their respective efficiency and accuracy. T2 - GAMM 2019 CY - Wien, Austria DA - 18.02.2019 KW - Enriched finite element method KW - Scaled boundary finite element method PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201900095 VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - Wiley-VHC AN - OPUS4-49794 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bulling, Jannis T1 - Simulation von Wechselwirkungen von geführten Wellen mit Fehlstellen N2 - In der Zerstörungsfreien Prüfung und der Zustandsüberwachung sind geführte Wellen von großem Interesse, um Fehlstellen zu finden und zu charakterisieren. Die Interaktion der Wellen mit den Fehlstellen kann dabei aufgrund ihrer Komplexität häufig nicht analytisch beschrieben werden. Dies macht numerische Programme neben Experimenten unabdingbar. Aufgrund der kleinen Wellenlänge im Verhältnis zur Bauteilgröße ist jedoch eine effiziente Simulation noch immer Teil der aktiven Forschung. Um die Effizienz der Simulationsalgorithmen zu steigern, ist es möglich, analytische Annahmen in die Finite Elemente Methode (FEM) zu integrieren. Beispiele für solche Methoden sind die Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method als ein semi-analytisches Verfahren und eXtended Finite Element Method. Diese beiden Möglichkeiten erlauben es, die Wechselwirkungen effizient zu simulieren. In diesem Beitrag werden verschiedene Wechselwirkungen und Auswertungsmöglichkeiten von geführten Wellen mit Fehlstellen vorgestellt. Hierbei liegt der Fokus auf linearen und nicht-linearen Effekten. Zunächst wird auf Modenkonversion eingegangen und der Frage nachgegangen, ob diese ausreicht, um einen Riss zu charakterisieren. Diese Untersuchungen motivieren dann ein inverses Verfahren, mit dem einige Parameter eines simulierten Risses in einer Folge von Simulationen wieder rekonstruiert werden. Ein zweiter Teil beschäftigt sich mit nicht-linearen Risseffekten. Diese Risseffekte erzeugen im allgemeinen höhere harmonische Wellen. Hier werden Ergebnisse und Filtermethoden zur Auswertung vorgestellt. T2 - Doktorandenseminar "Geführte Wellen" CY - Delbrück, Germany DA - 21.10.2019 KW - Singular stress KW - Enriched finite element method KW - Scaled boundary finite element method; Stress intensity factors PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49798 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lugovtsova, Yevgeniya A1 - Mesnil, Olivier A1 - Bulling, Jannis A1 - Prager, Jens A1 - Boller, Christian T1 - Damage Quantification in Aluminium-CFRP Composite Structures using Guided Wave Wavenumber Mapping N2 - The use of composite materials is associated not only with the advantages of weight reduction and improved structural performance but also with the risk of barely visible impacts or manufacturing damages. One of the promising techniques for the detection and characterisation of such damages is based on ultrasonic guided wave propagation and analysis. However, the multimodal nature and dispersive behaviour of these waves make their analysis difficult. Various signal processing techniques have been proposed for easier interpretation of guided wave signals and extraction of the necessary information about the damage. One of them is the wavenumber mapping which consists of creating a cartography of the wavenumber of a propagating mode over an inspected area, using a dense wavefield acquisition measured for example with a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer. This technique allows both the quantification of the in-plane size and the depth of damage, for example, impact-induced delamination in composite laminates. In this contribution, wavenumber mapping is applied to a delaminated aluminium-CFRP composite structure which corresponds to composite-overwrapped pressure vessels used for storing gases in aerospace and automotive industries. The analysis of experimental data obtained from measurements of guided waves propagating in an aluminium-CFRP composite plate with impact-induced damage is performed. The output of the imaging is a three-dimensional representation of the delamination induced by the impact. Good agreement between conventional ultrasonic testing and guided wave damage mapping can be found. T2 - 11th International Symposium on NDT in Aerospace CY - Paris Saclay, France DA - 13.11.2019 KW - Damage assessment KW - Lamb waves KW - Multilayered structures KW - Wavefield analysis KW - Impact damage PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49662 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lugovtsova, Yevgeniya A1 - Mesnil, Olivier A1 - Bulling, Jannis A1 - Prager, Jens A1 - Boller, C. T1 - Damage Quantification in Aluminium-CFRP Composite Structures using Guided Wave Wavenumber Mapping N2 - The use of composite materials is associated not only with the advantages of weight reduction and improved structural performance but also with the risk of barely visible impacts or manufacturing damages. One of the promising techniques for the detection and characterisation of such damages is based on ultrasonic guided wave propagation and analysis. However, the multimodal nature and dispersive behaviour of these waves make their analysis difficult. Various signal processing techniques have been proposed for easier interpretation of guided wave signals and extraction of the necessary information about the damage. One of them is the wavenumber mapping which consists of creating a cartography of the wavenumber of a propagating mode over an inspected area, using a dense wavefield acquisition measured for example with a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer. This technique allows both the quantification of the in-plane size and the depth of damage, for example, impact-induced delamination in composite laminates. In this contribution, wavenumber mapping is applied to a delaminated aluminium-CFRP composite structure which corresponds to composite-overwrapped pressure vessels used for storing gases in aerospace and automotive industries. The analysis of experimental data obtained from measurements of guided waves propagating in an aluminium-CFRP composite plate with impact-induced damage is performed. The output of the imaging is a three-dimensional representation of the delamination induced by the impact. Good agreement between conventional ultrasonic testing and guided wave damage mapping can be found. T2 - 11th International Symposium on NDT in Aerospace CY - Paris Saclay, France DA - 13.11.2019 KW - Damage assessment KW - Lamb waves KW - Multilayered structures KW - Wavefield analysis KW - Impact damage PY - 2019 SP - 33 AN - OPUS4-49663 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Kohlhoff, Harald A1 - Gawlitza, Kornelia A1 - Bell, Jérémy A1 - Mansurova, Maria A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Semi-automatic Gas Measurement Device Based on Fluorescent Multi-gas Sensors N2 - This paper describes the development of a semi-automatic gas measurement device presenting potentially a broad range of applications, noteworthy in the agricultural sector. Non-reversible fluorescent molecular sensors were designed and syn-thesized. Upon, integration into a hydrogel matrix with an optimal ratio of co-solvents, the sensors reacting selectively to ammonia were illuminated by excitation light to produce a concentration-correlated fluorescence emission. An automated mechanical-elec-trical device initiates a given gas mixture and thus simulates con-centrations similar to a threshold value. The aim of this project is to develop a sensor or a low-cost method which can monitor low concentrations of harmful gases and aid in their elimination or regulation in livestock housing, barns or stables. T2 - IEEE Sensors 2019 CY - Montreal, Canada DA - 27.10.2019 KW - gas analysis KW - fluorescence KW - embedded sensor KW - spectroscopy KW - environment KW - agricultural economy PY - 2019 SN - 978-1-7281-1634-1 SP - 88 EP - 92 PB - IEEE AN - OPUS4-49506 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Powierza, Bartosz A1 - Gollwitzer, C. A1 - Wolgast, D. A1 - Staude, A. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Fully experiment-based evaluation of few digital volume correlation techniques N2 - Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) is a powerful set of techniques used to compute the local shifts of 3D images obtained, for instance, in tomographic experiments. It is utilized to analyze the geometric changes of the investigated object as well as to correct the corresponding image misalignments for further analysis. It can therefore be used to evaluate the local density changes of the same regions of the inspected specimens, which might be shifted between measurements. In recent years, various approaches and corresponding pieces of software were introduced. Accuracies for the computed shift vectors of up to about 1‰of a single voxel size have been reported. These results, however, were based either on synthetic datasets or on an unrealistic setup. In this work, we propose two simple methods to evaluate the accuracy of DVC-techniques using more realistic input data and apply them to several DVC programs. We test these methods on three materials (tuff, sandstone, and concrete) that show different contrast and structural features. KW - DVC KW - Finite-element analysis KW - Image processing KW - Stress strain relations KW - Computed tomography PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5099572 SN - 1089-7623 VL - 90 IS - 11 SP - 115105 PB - AIP Publishing AN - OPUS4-49671 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Pavlovic, M. A1 - Bartsch, L. A1 - Muhs, V. A1 - Holstein, R. T1 - Zuverlässigkeitsbetrachtungen bei der Ultraschallprüfung von Radsatzwellen im Ausbildungsbetrieb N2 - Im Rahmen der UT1-M1 Ausbildung im Ausbildungszentrum Wittenberge der DGZfP wurden statistische Untersuchungen am Beispiel der Radsatzwellenprüfung mit Testradsatzwellen durchgeführt. Diese Untersuchungen hatten zum Ziel, die wesentlichen Einflussparameter bei der Prüfung auf das Prüfergebnis zu evaluieren. Dabei wurde unter anderem die intrinsische Fähigkeit des Prüfverfahrens zum Auffinden verschiedener Reflektorgeometrien ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse der Handprüfung wurden mit Ergebnissen mechanisierter Prüfungen verglichen. Im Rahmen der Zuverlässigkeitsbetrachtung wurden die Probability of Detection (POD) und die Nachweisgrenzen ermittelt. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es auch, menschliche und organisatorische Einflussfaktoren auf die Ultraschall-Handprüfung von Radsatzwellen zu identifizieren, um Empfehlungen zur Optimierung der Ausbildung auszuarbeiten. Dazu wurden prüfungsbezogene Risiken in der Praxis mittels Fehlzustandsart- und –auswirkungsanalyse (FMEA) analysiert sowie von den Prüfern empfundene Probleme während der Ausbildung und in der Praxis mittels Fragebogen identifiziert. Die Ergebnisse der FMEA haben gezeigt, dass während des gesamten Prozesses Fehler auftreten können, für die Gegenmaßnahmen getroffen und implementiert werden sollten. Aus den Hinweisen und Erkenntnissen wurden einige Empfehlungen zur Optimierung der Ausbildung erarbeitet. T2 - DGZfP DACH Tagung 2019 CY - Friedrichshafen, Germany DA - 27.05.2019 KW - Zuverlässigkeit KW - Wellenprüfung KW - Ultraschall PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-496783 VL - 2019 SP - 1 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-49678 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berthold, J. A1 - Vrana, J. A1 - Heckel, Thomas A1 - Kanzler, D. A1 - Jatzlau, P. A1 - Große, C. T1 - Modellgestützte Bestimmung der Auffindwahrscheinlichkeit (POD) von Reflektoren bei der Ultraschallprüfung großer Schmiedeteile N2 - Bruchmechanische Untersuchungen werden zur Vorhersage der Lebensdauer und der Wartungszyklen benutzt. Dabei wird davon ausgegangen, dass auch Objekte ohne detektierte Anzeigen Materialfehler mit einer Reflektivität kleiner der Nachweisgrenze aufweisen können. Keine detektierte Anzeige bedeutet daher für Bauteilauslegung, dass sie eine konservative Annahme machen müssen: es wird angenommen, dass das Bauteil Materialfehler in Größe der Nachweisgrenze enthält. Dies macht die Nachweisgrenze zu dem die Lebensdauer limitierenden Faktor. Bei probabilistischen Methoden wird zusätzliches Wissen, wie Zuverlässigkeit und Fehlerauffindwahrscheinlichkeiten bei der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung mit in die Berechnung einbezogen, um zu konservative Annahmen zu vermeiden. Ziel ist es eine Model-Assisted-POD aufzubauen mit der die reale volumetrische Ultraschallprüfung großer Schmiedeteile nachgebildet werden kann. Die resultierende POD soll im Weiteren in bruchmechanischen Betrachtungen Verwendung finden. In vorangegangenen Arbeiten [Preißel2015] wurde dazu der Einfluss des Prüfrasters nach der DGZfP-Richtlinie US 07:2014 auf die Fehlerauffindwahrscheinlichkeit (parametrisch) simulativ betrachtet und die Simulationstechnik experimentell validiert. In diesem Paper werden die Ergebnisse von Preißel überprüft und um eine Prüfraster-Summen-POD, die das Szenario der realen Bauteilprüfung beschreibt, erweitert. Zudem wird eine experimentell validierte, simulative, nicht-parametrische POD für schrägliegende Defekte aufgebaut. Schließlich werden erste Untersuchungen zur Defektmorphologie vorgestellt. Diese Arbeit ist im Rahmen eines Studenten-Stipendiums der DGZfP entstanden. T2 - DGZfP DACH Tagung 2019 CY - Friedrichshafen, Germany DA - 27.05.2019 KW - Schmiedeteile KW - POD KW - Ultraschall KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-496796 UR - http://www.ndt.net/?id=24529 VL - 24 IS - 8 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - NDT.net CY - Kirchwald AN - OPUS4-49679 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas A1 - Boehm, Rainer A1 - Mook, G. T1 - Ultrasonic rail inspection with array probes N2 - For more than 60 years ultrasonic rail inspection is used as non-destructive testing method to ensure the safe operation of rail tracks. Constantly increasing traffic density and heavy loads have been the motor for the development of new test equipment from handheld devices to rail inspection trains. (Krull 2003)Up to the present most of the system solutions feature conventional ultrasonic transducers housed in wheel-type and slide-type probes. Different tasks have to be carried out during an in-service inspection for flaws in the rail head, rail web and rail foot as well as rolling contact fatigue (Heckel 2018). The more tasks the inspection system has to perform, the more probes are needed. Compared against standard ultrasonic testing methods the application of array probes offers advantages and flexibility by the electronic steering possibilities to control the transmitted and received sound fields. This allows to increase functionality by software while decreasing the number of probes needed in hardware in parallel. One drawback in application of phased array probes is that the repetition frequency of the subsequent measurements will be reduced by the number of virtual probe functions each phased array probe has to perform. This may limit the range of use for phased array probes in high speed applications. To overcome these limits special designs for array probes and signal processing are necessary. T2 - Railway Engineering 2019 CY - Edinburgh, UK DA - 03.07.2019 KW - High speed KW - Ultrasound KW - Rail inspection KW - Phased array probes PY - 2019 VL - 2019 SP - 1 EP - 3 AN - OPUS4-49680 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas A1 - Boehm, Rainer A1 - Mook, G. T1 - Ultrasonic Rail inspection with array Probes N2 - For more than 60 years ultrasonic rail inspection is used as non-destructive testing method to ensure the safe operation of rail tracks. Constantly increasing traffic density and heavy loads have been the motor for the development of new test equipment from handheld devices to rail inspection trains. (Krull 2003)Up to the present most of the system solutions feature conventional ultrasonic transducers housed in wheel-type and slide-type probes. Different tasks have to be carried out during an in-service inspection for flaws in the rail head, rail web and rail foot as well as rolling contact fatigue (Heckel 2018). The more tasks the inspection system has to perform, the more probes are needed. Compared against standard ultrasonic testing methods the application of array probes offers advantages and flexibility by the electronic steering possibilities to control the transmitted and received sound fields. This allows to increase functionality by software while decreasing the number of probes needed in hardware in parallel. One drawback in application of phased array probes is that the repetition frequency of the subsequent measurements will be reduced by the number of virtual probe functions each phased array probe has to perform. This may limit the range of use for phased array probes in high speed applications. To overcome these limits special designs for array probes and signal processing are necessary. T2 - Railway Engineering 2019 CY - Edinburgh, UK DA - 03.07.2019 KW - High speed KW - Ultrasound KW - Rail inspection KW - Phased array probes PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49681 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baensch, Franziska T1 - Acoustic Emission Monitoring of materials, production processes, infrastructures N2 - Acoustic Emission testing is a usable tool for failure Analysis of materials as well as to monitor infrastructurs or production processes. T2 - 5th International Conference on Smart Monitoring, Assessment and Rehabilitation of Civil Structures CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 27.08.2019 KW - Acoustic Emission (AE) KW - Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) KW - Pipeline KW - NDT Monitoring PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49696 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bertovic, Marija T1 - Human-Related Risks in the Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) of Hollow Railway Axles: Implications for the Education and Training of the NDT Personnel N2 - Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a major contributor to the safe railway operation. Even though NDT reliability in railway maintenance is affected by human factors, there are only just a few studies published in this field so far. Education and training of the NDT personnel are some of the most important drivers of safe and reliable NDT. Continuously improving current practices and tools used for educational purposes can be achieved not only through technical con¬tent, but also through the attention to human factors. The aim of this study was to deepen the understanding of possible human-related risks in the manual ultrasonic inspection of the hollow railway axles and to suggest measures to improve the education and training of the NDT person¬nel. This was achieved by means of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) carried out with eight NDT experts and by a survey of 27 experienced inspectors. The results show that failures can happen throughout the entire NDT process. Prevention of those failures could be improved through the optimization of the organization, technology, documentation and regulations, working conditions and the general process, and through the optimization of the formal education and training. Specialized training of the executives, extended training of the supervisors and the inspectors and improvement of the inspection documentation have been suggested. The study also showed potential for the improvements of the inspection in the field. T2 - 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 22.09.2019 KW - Human Factors KW - Non-Destructive Testing KW - NDT KW - Education KW - Training KW - Failure Modes and Effects Analysis KW - Railway KW - Axle Inspection KW - Ultrasonic Testing KW - Reliability PY - 2019 SN - 978-981-11-2724-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2724-3_1058-cd SP - 294 EP - 300 PB - Research Publishing CY - Singapore AN - OPUS4-49733 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wasmer, Paul A1 - Bulling, Jannis A1 - Gravenkamp, H. A1 - Prager, Jens T1 - Acoustic-structure interaction in the Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method for primsatic geometries N2 - Due to the short wavelength compared to the dimensions of the structure, the simulation of ultrasonic waves is still a challenging task. A numerical method well suited for this purpose is the semi-analytical Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method (SBFEM). When applying this method, only the boundary of a computational domain is discretized using finite elements, while the interior is described by an analytical ansatz. Hence, the number of degrees of freedom is reduced significantly compared to the classical Finite Element Method (FEM). In recent years, a particular formulation of the SBFEM for the simulation of ultrasonic guided waves was developed. The method constitutes an efficient algorithm for prismatic structures of arbitrary length, such as plates, pipes, or beams. Wave propagation phenomena in such structures can be modeled for isotropic and anisotropic inhomogeneous waveguides. Even though the method is an efficient tool for the simulation of guided waves in solid media, a reliable model for the simulation of acoustic wave propagation in fluids as well as acoustic-structure interaction in terms of SBFEM is still missing. In principle, the fluid can be described by a displacement-based formulation and thus be implemented in existing SBFEM algorithms for solid bodies. However, due to the discretization with classical finite elements, spurious modes occur, which cannot be separated from the physical modes straightforwardly. The spurious modes can be suppressed using a penalty parameter. Although very accurate results were achieved for some problems, this procedure has been proven unreliable for certain cases. For this reason, we propose a different approach in this contribution. We employ a pressure model to simulate the acoustic behavior of fluids. The implementation of the pressure model results in a higher effort due to the necessity of incorporating coupling terms, but it presents a stable alternative without spurious modes. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated in comparison with analytical solutions and results obtained using the FEM. T2 - GACM 2019 CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 28.08.2019 KW - Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method KW - Guided Waves KW - Ultrasound KW - Acoustic-Structure Interaction PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-497364 UR - https://www.upress.uni-kassel.de/katalog/abstract.php?978-3-7376-5093-9 SN - 978-3-86219-5093-9 DO - https://doi.org/10.19211/KUP9783737650939 SP - 347 EP - 350 AN - OPUS4-49736 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bertovic, Marija T1 - Human-related risks in the nondestructivetesting (NDT) of hollow railway axles: implications for the education and training of the NDT personnel N2 - Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a major contributor to the safe railway operation. Even though NDT reliability in railway maintenance is affected by human factors, there are only just a few studies published in this field so far. Education and training of the NDT personnel are some of the most important drivers of safe and reliable NDT. Continuously improving current practices and tools used for educational purposes can be achieved not only through technical content, but also through the attention to human factors. The aim of this study was to deepen the understanding of possible human-related risks in the manual ultrasonic inspection of the hollow railway axles and to suggest measures to improve the education and training of the NDT personnel. This was achieved by means of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) carried out with eight NDT experts and by a survey of 27 experienced inspectors. The results show that failures can happen throughout the entire NDT process. Prevention of those failures could be improved through the optimization of the organization, technology, documentation and regulations, working conditions and the general process, and through the optimization of the formal education and training. Specialized training of the executives, extended training of the supervisors and the inspectors and improvement of the inspection documentation have been suggested. The study also showed potential for the improvements of the inspection in the field. T2 - 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 22.09.2019 KW - Human Factors KW - Non-Destructive Testing KW - NDT KW - Education KW - Training KW - Failure Modes and Effects Analysis KW - Railway KW - Axle Inspection KW - Ultrasonic Testing KW - Reliability PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49729 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heckel, Thomas A1 - Wack, Yannick A1 - Mook, G. T1 - Simulation von mechanisierten Eisenbahnschienenprüfungen mit Ultraschall N2 - Bei der mechanisierten Prüfung von verlegten Eisenbahnschienen mit Schienenprüfzügen werden große Prüfdatenmengen mit einer komplexen Prüfkopfanordnung in kurzer Zeit bei hohen Prüfgeschwindigkeiten aufgenommen. Der Typ und der Zustand des Gleises kann während der Prüfung in schnellem Wechsel streckenabhängig variieren, z.B. unterschiedliche Schienentypen oder Abnutzung sowie beim Durchfahren von Weichenstraßen. Der logistische Aufwand diese Prüfung insgesamt durchzuführen ist dabei sehr hoch und eine Wiederholung der Prüfung in einem kurzen Zeitintervall nicht möglich. Es werden während der Prüfdatenaufnahme bereits Datenreduktionsverfahren, Rekonstruktionsverfahren und Online-Parametervariationen eingesetzt, um die Ergebnisdaten zum einen in Ihrer Menge zu begrenzen zum anderen auf die lokalen Geometrie- und Zustandsänderungen des Prüfobjektes Schiene zu reagieren. Im Regelwerk EN 16729-1 „Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung an Schienen im Gleis -Teil 1: Anforderungen an Ultraschallprüfungen und Bewertungsgrundlagen“ werden Bezugsreflektoren definiert, um die Leistung automatisierter Ultraschallsysteme für die Schienenprüfung zu verifizieren. Um die Einflüsse der komplexen Randbedingungen der mechanisierten Schienenprüfung auf das Prüfergebnis evaluieren zu können, wurde ein Softwarewerkzeug erarbeitet, mit dem eine Prüffahrt auf einer Schiene simuliert werden kann. Basierend auf der Datenaufnahme mit dem Glassy-Rail-Diagramm können alle relevanten Prüfparameter und Artefakte in Schienen sowie Störeinflüsse bei der Simulation berücksichtigt werden. T2 - DGZfP DACH Tagung 2019 CY - Friedrichshafen, Germany DA - 27.05.2019 KW - Eisenbahnschienen KW - Simulation KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Ultraschall PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49682 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -