TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Vrana, J. ED - Krieger, J. T1 - ZfPBau 4.0 – Herausforderungen an die ZfP im Bauwesen im Rahmen der Digitalisierung N2 - Die ZfP ist im Bauwesen bisher deutlich weniger reguliert (und auch akzeptiert) als in anderen Industriebereichen. Zum Beispiel gibt für die meisten Prüfverfahren weder Normen noch ein allgemein akzeptiertes Ausbildungs- und Zertifizierungssystem. Dies hat auch Konsequenzen für die Digitalisierung. Im Gegensatz dazu wird im Bauwesen derzeit für viele Bereiche verbindlich ein neues Verfahren zur Unterstützung von Design, Planung, Herstellung und Betrieb eingeführt: BIM (Building Information Modeling). Der Vortrag beleuchtet das Spannungsfeld zwischen dem geringen Organisations- und Standardisierungsgrad und den neuen digitalen Möglichkeiten und stellt den neuen Arbeitskreis zur ZfP 4.0 im Bauwesen vor. Er beleuchtet auch, in welchen Bereichen die ZfP im Bauwesen von Entwicklungen aus „Industrie 4.0“ und der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung in anderen Anwendungsbereichen profitieren kann - z. B. bei Datenformaten, Datenarchivierung und Schnittstellen. T2 - Fachkongress Digitale Transformation im Lebenszyklus der Verkehrsinfrastruktur CY - Esslingen, Germany DA - 29.06.2021 KW - ZfPBau KW - BIM KW - Datenbank KW - SHM KW - Industrie 4.0 PY - 2021 SP - 187 EP - 190 PB - expert CY - Esslingen AN - OPUS4-52915 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Vrana, J. T1 - ZfPBau 4.0 - Herausforderungen an die ZfP im Bauwesen im Rahmen der Digitalisierung N2 - Die ZfP ist im Bauwesen bisher deutlich weniger reguliert (und auch akzeptiert) als in anderen Industriebereichen. Zum Beispiel gibt für die meisten Prüfverfahren weder Normen noch ein allgemein akzeptiertes Ausbildungs- und Zertifizierungssystem. Dies hat auch Konsequenzen für die Digitalisierung. Im Gegensatz dazu wird im Bauwesen derzeit für viele Bereiche verbindlich ein neues Verfahren zur Unterstützung von Design, Planung, Herstellung und Betrieb eingeführt: BIM (Building Information Modeling). Der Vortrag beleuchtet das Spannungsfeld zwischen dem geringen Organisations- und Standardisierungsgrad und den neuen digitalen Möglichkeiten und stellt den neuen Arbeitskreis zur ZfP 4.0 im Bauwesen vor. Er beleuchtet auch, in welchen Bereichen die ZfP im Bauwesen von Entwicklungen aus „Industrie 4.0“ und der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung in anderen Anwendungsbereichen profitieren kann - z. B. bei Datenformaten, Datenarchivierung und Schnittstellen. T2 - TAE Fachkongress Digitale Transformation im Lebenszyklus der Verkehrsinfrastruktur CY - Esslingen, Germany DA - 29.06.2021 KW - ZfPBau KW - SHM KW - Industrie 4.0 KW - BIM KW - Datenbank PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52914 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Große, Christian A1 - Arndt, Ralf A1 - Mähner, Dietmar A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Taffe, Alexander T1 - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung im Bauwesen: Memorandum zur Lehre an deutschsprachigen Hochschulen N2 - Dieses erste Memorandum zur Lehre und Forschung an deutschsprachigen Hochschulen auf dem Gebiet der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung im Bauwesen gibt einen Überblick hinsichtlich der akademischen Ausbildung und zeigt mögliche Schwerpunkte vor allem in der Lehre auf. Diese Schwerpunkte berücksichtigen auch aktuelle Entwicklungen und Themen auf dem Gebiet der Forschung. Es werden Anregungen zur Entwicklung bzw. Weiterentwicklung der Lehr-Curricula im Hinblick auf eine umfassende und solide fachliche Ausbildung der Studierenden des Bauwesens und angrenzender Fachrichtungen gegeben. Inhaltlich und formal lehnt sich der Beitrag an dem Memorandum der Hochschullehrer im Fachgebiet „Werkstoffe im Bauwesen“ (Breit et al., 2012) an und beruht auf einer Initiative des Unterausschusses Ausbildung – Arbeitsgruppe Ausbildung in der Hochschule – des Fachausschusses ZfP im Bauwesen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP). Die Hauptredaktion wurde übernommen von Prof. Christian U. Grosse (TU München) und Prof. Ralf W. Arndt (FH Erfurt). KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Lehrplan KW - Bauwesen PY - 2019 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bate.201900008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/bate.201900008 SN - 1437-0999 SN - 0932-8351 VL - 96 IS - 4 SP - 360 EP - 368 PB - Ernst & Sohn CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-47606 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - X-rays without X-rays: Can muon tomography provide pictures from within concrete objects? N2 - Until the 1980s radiography was used to inspect civil structures in case of special demands and showed a much better resolution than other NDT techniques. However, due to safety concerns and cost issues, this method is almost never used anymore. Meanwhile, non-destructive techniques such as ultrasound or radar have found regular, successful practical application but sometimes suffer from limited resolution and accuracy, imaging artefacts or restrictions in detecting certain features when applied to reinforced or prestressed concrete inspection. Muon tomography has received much attention recently. Muons are particles generated naturally by cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere and pose no risk to humans. Novel detectors and tomographic imaging algorithms have opened new fields of application, mainly in the nuclear sector, but also in spectacular cases such as the Egyptian pyramids. As a first step towards practical application in civil engineering and as a proof of concept we used an existing system to image the interior of a reference reinforced 600 kg concrete block. Even with a yet not optimized setup for this kind of investigation, the muon imaging results have been at least of similar quality compared to ultrasonic and radar imaging, potentially even better. Recently, the research was expanded to more realistic testing problems such as the detection of voids in certain structural elements. However, before practical implementation, more robust, mobile, and affordable detectors would be required as well as user-Friendly imaging and simulation software. T2 - ISNT NDE 2023 CY - Pune, India DA - 07.12.2023 KW - Muon tomography KW - Concrete KW - Civil engineering PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59347 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - X-rays without X-rays: Can muon tomography provide pictures from within concrete and other objects? N2 - Until the 1980s radiography was used to inspect civil structures in case of special demands and showed a much better resolution than other NDT techniques. However, due to safety concerns and cost issues, this method is almost never used anymore. Meanwhile, non-destructive techniques such as ultrasound or radar have found regular, successful practical application but sometimes suffer from limited resolution and accuracy, imaging artefacts or restrictions in detecting certain features when applied to reinforced or prestressed concrete inspection. Muon tomography has received much attention recently. Muons are particles generated naturally by cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere and pose no risk to humans. Novel detectors and tomographic imaging algorithms have opened new fields of application, mainly in the nuclear sector, but also in spectacular cases such as the Egyptian pyramids. As a first step towards practical application in civil engineering and as a proof of concept we used an existing system to image the interior of a reference reinforced 600 kg concrete block. Even with a yet not optimized setup for this kind of investigation, the muon imaging results have been at least of similar quality compared to ultrasonic and radar imaging, potentially even better. Recently, the research was expanded to more realistic testing problems such as the detection of voids in certain structural elements. However, before practical implementation, more robust, mobile, and affordable detectors would be required as well as user-Friendly imaging and simulation software. The talk also discusses other applications , such as volcanology, mining and geothermal exploration. T2 - RWTH Aachen, Geophysikalisches Seminar CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 11.01.2024 KW - Muon tomography KW - Civil engineering KW - Mining KW - Geothermal engineering PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59349 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prabhakara, Prathik A1 - Mielentz, Frank A1 - Stolpe, Heiko A1 - Behrens, Matthias A1 - Lay, Vera A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Validation of novel ultrasonic phased array borehole probe by using simulation and measurement N2 - Low-frequency ultrasonic testing is a well-established non-destructive testing (NDT) method in civil engineering for material characterization and the localization of cracks, reinforcing bars and delamination. A novel ultrasonic borehole probe is developed for in situ quality assurance of sealing structures in radioactive waste repositories using existing research boreholes. The aim is to examine the sealing structures made of salt concrete for any possible cracks and delamination and to localize built-in components. A prototype has been developed using 12 individual horizontal dry point contact (DPC) shear wave transducers separated by equidistant transmitter/receiver arrays. The probe is equipped with a commercially available portable ultrasonic flaw detector used in the NDT civil engineering industry. To increase the sound pressure generated, the number of transducers in the novel probe is increased to 32 transducers. In addition, the timed excitation of each transducer directs a focused beam of sound to a specific angle and distance based on the previously calculated delay time. This narrows the sensitivity of test volume and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signals. In this paper, the newly designed phased array borehole probe is validated by beam computation in the CIVA software and experimental investigations on a half-cylindrical test specimen to investigate the directional characteristics. In combination with geophysical reconstruction methods, it is expected that an optimised radiation pattern of the probe will improve the signal quality and thus increase the reliability of the imaging results. This is an important consideration for the construction of safe sealing structures for the safe disposal of radioactive or toxic waste. KW - Ultrasound KW - Phased array KW - Concrete KW - Borehole PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565722 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249823 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 24 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-56572 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rabe, U. A1 - Pudovikov, S. A1 - Herrmann, H.-G. A1 - Wiggenhauser, H. A1 - Prabhakara, Prathik A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Using the Corner Reflection for Depth Evaluation of Surface Breaking Cracks in Concrete by Ultrasound N2 - The corner echo is a well-known effect in ultrasonic testing, which allows detection of surface breaking cracks with predominantly perpendicular orientation to the surface as, for example, corrosion cracks in metal pipes or shafts. This echo is formed by two planes, the surface of the crack and the surface which the crack breaks. It can also be classified as a half-skip method, since a reflection of the pulse occurs on the backwall before the reflection at the defect takes place. In combination with the diffraction from the crack tip, the corner echo also allows crack sizing. As shown in this paper, the corner reflection can be used in civil engineering for nondestructive inspection of concrete. Commercially available low frequency ultrasonic arrays with dry point contact sources generate SH transversal waves with sufficient divergence of the sound field in order to detect corner reflections. Ultrasonic line-scans and area-scans were acquired with a linear array on flat concrete specimens, and the data were reconstructed by the Synthetic aperture focusing technique. If the angles and the area of reconstruction are chosen accordingly, the corner echo reflection can be distinguished from other ultrasonic information. The corner echo can thus be used as a method for deciding whether a crack is a partial-depth crack or a full-depth crack and thus for obtaining a statement about crack depth. This paper presents corresponding experimental results obtained on concrete specimens with artificial test defects and cracks induced under controlled conditions. KW - Ultrasound KW - Crack depth KW - Concrete KW - Corner echo PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-574631 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-023-00956-8 SN - 0195-9298 VL - 42 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Springer Nature AN - OPUS4-57463 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Ultrasound: From Imaging to Monitoring N2 - Review of ultrasonic echo imaging and ultrasonic monitoring techniques applied to concrete structures, especially bridges. Includes newest research results from BAM. T2 - Transport Research Board Annual Meeting, Workshop 1647 CY - Washington, DC, USA DA - 6.1.2018 KW - Ultrasound KW - Imaging KW - Monitoring KW - Concrete KW - Bridges PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44587 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Ultrasonic monitoring of structural concrete elements N2 - Ultrasonic transmission measurements are used to monitor concrete elements mostly on a laboratory scale since decades. Recently, coda wave interferometry, a technique adapted from seismology, has been introduced to civil engineering experiments. It can be used to reveal subtle changes in concrete samples and even large construction elements without having a transducer directly at the location where the change is taking place. The methodology works best with embedded transducers to avoid coupling issues or excessive environmental influence. These transducers can be used for newly built and existing structures. Recently, large concrete beams have been equipped with a network of transducers and loaded until failure. Using code wave interferometry, it was possible to visualize stress fields and damaged areas. This paper gives an overview of the state of the art, recent results achieved at BAM and a task list for further results and development. T2 - International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019) CY - Rovinj, Croatia DA - 20.03.2019 KW - Concrete KW - Ultrasound KW - Monitoring KW - coda wave interferometry PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47676 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst ED - Gabrijel, Ivan ED - Grosse, Christian ED - Skazlić, Marijan T1 - Ultrasonic monitoring of structural concrete elements N2 - Ultrasonic transmission measurements are used to monitor concrete elements mostly on a laboratory scale since decades. Recently, coda wave interferometry, a technique adapted from seismology, has been introduced to civil engineering experiments. It can be used to reveal subtle changes in concrete samples and even large construction elements without having a transducer directly at the location where the change is taking place. The methodology works best with embedded transducers to avoid coupling issues or excessive environmental influence. These transducers can be used for newly built and existing structures. Recently, large concrete beams have been equipped with a network of transducers and loaded until failure. Using code wave interferometry, it was possible to visualize stress fields and damaged areas. This paper gives an overview of the state of the art, recent results achieved at BAM and a task list for further results and development. T2 - International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019) CY - Rovinj, Croatia DA - 20.3.2019 KW - Concrete KW - Ultrasound KW - Monitoring KW - coda wave interferometry PY - 2019 SN - 978-2-35158-227-5 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - RILEM Publications S.A.R.L. CY - Paris, France AN - OPUS4-47677 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Ultrasonic monitoring of full-scale load experiments N2 - Previous work has shown that ultrasonic monitoring using externally applied or embedded transducers and imaging methods based on coda wave interferometry are able to detect subtle changes in concrete elements. In this study, a limited number of embedded transducers has been used to monitor changes in several 12 m long two-span concrete beams subjected to point or linear loads until failure. The ultrasonic results showed the high sensitivity to stress changes and the nonlinear character of the associated effects. However, the ultrasonic features showed a very good correlation to several conventional monitoring parameters. For higher loads (significant amount of cracking), the technique had to be modified to cope with large wave velocity variations and high decorrelation compared to the reference signal. Using a very simple imaging procedure, the 2D stress field inside the beam has been visualized including inhomogeneities and artifact at places where cracking occurred at higher loads. The technique has the potential to be included in real time monitoring systems. T2 - ASNT SMT/NDT-CE 2018 CY - New Brunswick, NJ, USA DA - 27.8.2018 KW - Concrete KW - Monitoring KW - Ultrasound KW - Coda wave interferometry PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45827 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Ultrasonic monitoring of concrete constructions using embedded transducers N2 - Ultrasonic transmission measurements are used to monitor concrete elements mostly on a laboratory scale since decades. Recently, coda wave interferometry, a technique adapted from seismology, has been introduced to civil Engineering experiments. It can be used to reveal subtle changes in concrete samples and even large construction elements without having a transducer directly at the location where the change is taking place. The methodology works best with embedded transducers to avoid coupling issues or excessive environmental influence. These transducers can be used for newly built and existing structures. Recently, large concrete beams have been equipped with a network of transducers and loaded until failure. Using code wave interferometry, it was possible to visualize stress fields and damaged areas. T2 - International Symposium on Structural Health Monitoring and Nondestructive Testing CY - Saarbrücken, Germany DA - 4.10.2018 KW - Ultrasound KW - Monitoring KW - Concrete PY - 2018 UR - http://www.ndt.net/?id=23542 SN - 1435-4934 VL - 23 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - NDT.net CY - Kirchwald AN - OPUS4-46842 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Mielentz, Frank A1 - Effner, Ute A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Scott, David A1 - Villalobos, Salvador T1 - Ultrasonic methods for quality assurance and condition assessment in nuclear concrete structures – lessons learned N2 - Ultrasonic non-destructive testing methods have found various applications in quality assurance and condition assessment of nuclear concrete structures. This includes but is not limited to the localization of construction features (thickness measurements, reinforcement, tendon ducts, and others) and damage detection (e. g. corrosion or cracks). However, there are still limitations, e. g. limited penetration depth and resolution, issues when testing hybrid steel/concrete structures as well as absence of standards and regulations. This presentation will show progress in some of these issues and will focus on advanced instrumentation and validation of ultrasonic NDT for concrete structures. Ultrasonic echo testing has been limited to a penetration depth of less than one meter in reinforced concrete. The development of the LAUS (Large Aperture Ultrasonic System), using a large array of ultrasonic transducers and wider offsets between transmitter and receiver, allows to reach up to 5 m in reinforced concrete and 9 m in unreinforced concrete. This capability has been demonstrated by collecting data from an engineered salt concrete barrier in an underground nuclear waste storage facility. Due to an increasingly competitive environment, commercial manufacturers will continue to develop equipment with enhanced penetration and/or increased resolution. To quantify the capabilities and reliability of ultrasonic tests, validation mockups with engineered flaws are required. EPRI and BAM have built a large-scale mockup at a test site close to Berlin (BAM-TTS, Horstwalde) using a design which is repeated at other places. This presentation will also cover the methods deployed on engineered flaws and the repeatability of the test results. T2 - NDE in Nuclear CY - Charlotte, NC, USA DA - 25.7.2019 KW - Concrete KW - Nuclear Structures KW - Ultrasound PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48690 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Ultrasonic methods for concrete: To boldly see, what we have not seen before N2 - This keynote talk at NDE 2019 discusses specific progress in ultrasonic testing of concrete structures. A deep penetration instrument (LAUS) is introduced as well as advanced imaging methods adopted from geophysics and new approaches to ultrasonic monitoring. T2 - NDE 2019 CY - Bangalore, India DA - 05.12.2019 KW - NDT KW - Concrete KW - Ultrasound KW - Imaging KW - Monitoring PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50170 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Büttner, C. A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Buske, S. A1 - Friedrich, C. T1 - Ultrasonic Echo Localization Using Seismic Migration Techniques in Engineered Barriers for NuclearWaste Storage N2 - In the framework of non-destructive-testing advanced seismic imaging techniques have been applied to ultrasonic echo data in order to examine the integrity of an engineered test-barrier designed to be used for sealing an underground nuclear waste disposal site. Synthetic data as well as real multi-receiver ultrasonic data acquired at the test site were processed and imaged using Kirchhoff prestack depth migration reverse time migration (RTM). In general, both methods provide a good Image quality as demonstrated by various case studies, however deeper parts within the test barrier containing inclined reflectors were reconstructed more accurately by RTM. In particular, the image quality of a specific target reflector at a depth of 8 m in the test-barrier has been significantly improved compared to previous investigations using synthetic aperture Focusing technique, which justifies the considerable computing time of this method. KW - Radioactive waste disposal KW - Engineered barrier KW - Ultrasound KW - Imaging KW - Crack detection PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-537956 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-021-00824-3 SN - 0195-9298 VL - 40 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-53795 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Wang, Xin A1 - Epple, Niklas A1 - Schumacher, T. A1 - Ahmend, S. A1 - Klikowicz, P. ED - Yokota, H. ED - Frangopol, D. W. T1 - Ultrasonic coda wave monitoring of concrete structures: First experiences with large-scale experiments and real structures N2 - Ultrasonic monitoring, making use of the sensitivity of the coda of repeated transmission meas-urements to changes in stress, temperature, moisture, as well as localized or distributed damage, has gotten at-tention in structural health monitoring (SHM) research recently. Analysis methods such as coda wave inter-ferometry (CWI), including its nonlinear extension, have been shown to be able to measure ultrasonic wave velocity changes with a 1∙10-5 resolution, while indicators such as cross-correlation or cross-coherence have been used to distinguish between reversible and irreversible changes. Several small- and large-scale laboratory experiments have demonstrated that stress changes in structures can be captured or damage detected in a very early stage. The use of this technique for pre-warning before failure are currently under investigation, as well as detailed research on the physical causes and the connection between ultrasonic wave properties and materi-al/structural behavior. Recently, several of large-scale laboratory and real structures have been instrumented with embedded ultrasonic transducers to gather experience and evidence on how to use this technology in re-al-world applications. Preliminary results from installations on a new bridge, an existing bridge, a tunnel, a la-boratory earthquake test as well as a historic stadium in Germany, Poland, and the United States, respectively, are presented. Environmental influences (mainly temperature) and validation by load tests are discussed. KW - Coda wave interferometry KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Ultrasound KW - Concrete KW - Bridges PY - 2021 SN - 978-0-367-23278-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429279119-345 SP - 2525 EP - 2531 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London, UK AN - OPUS4-54168 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Wang, Xin A1 - Epple, Niklas A1 - Schumacher, T. A1 - Ahmend, S. A1 - Klikowicz, P. T1 - Ultrasonic coda wave monitoring of concrete structures: First experiences with large-scale experiments and real structures N2 - Ultrasonic monitoring, making use of the sensitivity of the coda of repeated transmission meas-urements to changes in stress, temperature, moisture, as well as localized or distributed damage, has gotten at-tention in structural health monitoring (SHM) research recently. Analysis methods such as coda wave inter-ferometry (CWI), including its nonlinear extension, have been shown to be able to measure ultrasonic wave velocity changes with a 1∙10-5 resolution, while indicators such as cross-correlation or cross-coherence have been used to distinguish between reversible and irreversible changes. Several small- and large-scale laboratory experiments have demonstrated that stress changes in structures can be captured or damage detected in a very early stage. The use of this technique for pre-warning before failure are currently under investigation, as well as detailed research on the physical causes and the connection between ultrasonic wave properties and materi-al/structural behavior. Recently, several of large-scale laboratory and real structures have been instrumented with embedded ultrasonic transducers to gather experience and evidence on how to use this technology in re-al-world applications. Preliminary results from installations on a new bridge, an existing bridge, a tunnel, a la-boratory earthquake test as well as a historic stadium in Germany, Poland, and the United States, respectively, are presented. Environmental influences (mainly temperature) and validation by load tests are discussed. T2 - IABMAS 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 11.04.2021 KW - Ultrasound KW - Monitoring KW - Coda wave interferometry KW - Concrete KW - Bridges PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54167 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Mielentz, Frank A1 - Effner, Ute A1 - Oesch, Tyler A1 - Prabhakara, Prathik T1 - Ultraschallprüfung von Verschlussbauwerken im Salinar N2 - Zu jedem Endlager gehört die Entwicklung eines Verschlusskonzept. Im Endlager Morsleben und an anderer Stelle werden in Abhängigkeit vom Wirtsgestein verschiedene Materialien und Bauweisen für Streckenverschlüsse entwickelt und in großem Maßstab erprobt. Hierzu gehören auch Maßnahmen der Qualitätssicherung, die Informationen über Ausführung und Zustand der Versuchsbauwerke liefern. Hierzu werden von der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) für verschiedene Forschungsvorhaben und Prüfaufträge Methoden und Geräte getestet, verbessert und vor Ort unter Tage eingesetzt Die hier beschriebenen Verfahren lassen sich auch zu Untersuchungen im Wirtsgestein anwenden. T2 - Tage der Standortauswahl CY - Freiberg/S., Germany DA - 11.02.2021 KW - Endlager KW - Verschlussbauwerke KW - Qualitätssicherung KW - Ultraschall PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54166 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Mielentz, Frank A1 - Effner, Ute A1 - Oesch, Tyler A1 - Prabhakara, Prathik T1 - Ultraschallprüfung von Verschlussbauwerken im Salinar N2 - Zu jedem Endlager gehört die Entwicklung eines Verschlusskonzept. Im Endlager Morsleben und an anderer Stelle werden in Abhängigkeit vom Wirtsgestein verschiedene Materialien und Bauweisen für Streckenverschlüsse entwickelt und in großem Maßstab erprobt. Hierzu gehören auch Maßnahmen der Qualitätssicherung, die Informationen über Ausführung und Zustand der Versuchsbauwerke liefern. Hierzu werden von der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) für verschiedene Forschungsvorhaben und Prüfaufträge Methoden und Geräte getestet, verbessert und vor Ort unter Tage eingesetzt. Die hier beschriebenen Verfahren lassen sich auch zu Untersuchungen im Wirtsgestein anwenden. T2 - Tage der Standortauswahl CY - Freiberg/S., Germany DA - 11.02.2021 KW - Endlager KW - Verschlussbauwerke KW - Qualitätssicherung KW - Ultraschall PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54165 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert T1 - The LAUS: First Applications of a New System for Ultrasonic Imaging of Very Concrete Structures N2 - The LAUS (Large Aperture Ultrasonic System) has been developed to image very thick concrete structures, which are not accessible for commercial systems. The device and the corresponding software is the result of joint Research of BAM, an ultrasonic instrument manufacturer and University of Kassel, Germany. It consists of 12 separate Arrays of 32 point-contact shear wave transducers each, which can be deployed in flexible configurations. Each array is combined with battery and transmitter, receiver and wireless communication electronics. Three case histories are presented. First the system was deployed on a 5-m thick heavily reinforced foundation slab. The reflection of the slab’s bottom was imaged clearly. In addition, a multiple reflection was registered, thus giving hope that even thicker elements might be imaged by the instrument. Second, the LAUS was used to investigate a massive bridge girder where a heavy rainstorm during concreting had led to imperfections that were visible after removing the formwork was removed. The LAUS could image tendon ducts in 1.8m depth and the backwall closely behind them. Some limited areas showed blurred reflections and were checked by drill holes; these areas were affected by diffuse damage which could be repaired by injections. Third, a large retaining wall was checked for thickness. Meanwhile, the LAUS has been used in underground waste deposits (nuclear and other) for quality assurance of sealing plugs. A confirmed penetration depth of about 7 m has been reached. T2 - SMT and NDT-CE 2018 CY - New Brunswick, NJ, USA DA - 27.08.2018 KW - LAUS (Large Apertur Ultrasonic System) KW - Ultrasonic echo KW - Deep penetration KW - Concrete PY - 2019 UR - https://asnt.org/smt18papers SN - 978-1-57117-456-7 VL - 11/19 SP - 208 EP - 213 PB - The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. CY - Columbus, OH, USA AN - OPUS4-47238 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert T1 - The LAUS: First applications of a new system for ultrasonic imaging of very concrete structures N2 - The LAUS (Large Aperture Ultrasonic System) has been developed to image very thick concrete structures, which are not accessible for commercial systems. The device and the corresponding software is the result of joint research of BAM, an ultrasonic instrument manufacturer and University of Kassel, Germany. It consists of 12 separate arrays of 32 point-contact shear wave transducers each, which can be deployed in flexible configurations. Each array is combined with battery and transmitter, receiver and wireless communication electronics. Three case histories are presented. First the system was deployed on a 5-m thick heavily reinforced foundation slab. The reflection of the slab’s bottom was imaged clearly. In addition, a multiple reflection was registered, thus giving hope that even thicker elements might be imaged by the instrument. Second, the LAUS was used to investigate a massive bridge girder where a heavy rainstorm during concreting had led to imperfections that were visible after removing the formwork was removed. The LAUS could image tendon ducts in 1.8m depth and the backwall closely behind them. Some limited areas showed blurred reflections and were checked by drill holes; these areas were affected by diffuse damage which could be repaired by injections. Third, a large retaining wall was checked for thickness. Meanwhile, the LAUS has been used in underground waste deposits (nuclear and other) for quality assurance of sealing plugs. A confirmed penetration depth of about 7 m has been reached. T2 - ASNT SMT/NDT-CE 2018 CY - New Brunswick, NJ, USA DA - 27.8.2018 KW - LAUS KW - Ultrasound KW - Imaging KW - Concrete PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45828 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Algernon, D. A1 - Arndt, R.W. A1 - Denzel, W. A1 - Ebsen, B. A1 - Feistkorn, S. A1 - Friese, M. A1 - Große, C.U. A1 - Kathage, S. A1 - Keßler, S. A1 - Köpp, Christian A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Lohse, C. A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Schickert, M. A1 - Schröder, G. A1 - Taffe, A. A1 - Timofeev, Juri A1 - Walther, A. A1 - Wilcke, M. A1 - Wolf, J. A1 - Wöstmann, Jens T1 - Test specimen concepts in regard to quality assurance and validation of nondestructive testing in civil engineering N2 - The process of ensuring reliability of NDT applications contains various aspects, such as determining the performance and probability of success, the uncertainty in measurement, the provision of clear and functional procedures and ensuring the correct application accordingly. Test specimens have become powerful elements in supporting many of these aspects. Within the committee for NDT in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE) of the German Society for Nondestructive Testing (DGZfP), the subcommittee on Quality Assurance (UA-QS) therefore addresses the design and the integration of test specimens in the quality assurance process. Depending on the specific purpose, the requirements on test specimens can vary significantly based on the defined simulated scenario. The most prominent purposes of test specimens might be seen in providing references for inspection systems in regard to function control, calibration and validation. Further aspects can be parametric studies, basic investigation of physical principles related to NDT or a simplified and therefore comprehensive demonstration of inspection concepts (e.g. for teaching purposes). The specific purpose of a test specimen dictates the requirements regarding its conception, including the exact design, the material or the fabrication accuracy and the conditioning. In the development of a general guideline by the UA-QS for application-specific procedures and their validation, the use of test specimens is addressed and specific concepts for the design of test specimens are made. This includes the analysis of the measurement process regarding any given application, deriving an adequate calibration approach for it and designing test specimens (calibration specimens) accordingly. Furthermore, it includes the validation of the procedure taking into account all conditions related to the specific application in the field. The validation requires a statistically sufficient number of trials. Thorough evaluation of each trial can only be established if the ground-truth is known. Therefore, test specimens providing a realistic but controlled simulation of the inspection problem are valuable and indispensable elements in the validation process. The requirement of being fully realistic will often not be possible to fulfill due to practical restrictions. Any aspect that cannot be included in the simulation realistically needs to be simulated conservatively. This again, requires a sufficient understanding of the inspection principle and technique to ensure conservativeness. Among other quality-assurance-related aspects, the UA-QS establishes concepts and guidelines regarding sound and efficient approaches for the specific purposes of test specimens. This subcommittee brings together representatives of different Groups along the entire value chain of NDT-CE, including researchers, practitioners, manufacturers and clients. They all work together in establishing a common understanding and level of quality assurance in the industry. T2 - SMT and NDT-CE 2018 CY - New Brunswick, NJ, USA DA - 27.08.2018 KW - Quality assurance KW - Procedure KW - Reliability KW - Validation KW - Reference specimen PY - 2019 UR - https://asnt.org/smt18papers SN - 978-1-57117-456-7 VL - 11/19 SP - 39 EP - 48 PB - The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. CY - Columbus, OH, USA AN - OPUS4-47240 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Hindersmann, I. A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Smart Bridge The duraBASt test bridge equipped with RFID-based sensors N2 - The duraBASt area at the highway intersection “Köln-Ost” is a large test field for road testing. It includes the duraBASt test bridge which is approximately 66 m long and 14.25 m broad. This bridge is part of the “road in the 21st Century” project and is equipped with several sensors for structural health monitoring. This feasibility study is carried out to investigate the prerequisites necessary for the constraction of intelligent bridges in the foture. Embedded sensors are able to measure quantities such as temperature, strain, moisture, corrosion, etc. In the presented work, the focus is set on passive RFID-based sensors. The communication and energy supply are realised by a mobile transmitter through the concrete cover. Hence, no cables or batteries are required. The sensors are designed to withstand the alkaline environment in concrete. Thus, moisture and corrosion values are measurable for several decades. T2 - 10th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management CY - Online meeting DA - 11.04.2021 KW - RFID based sensors KW - Embedded sensors KW - Bridge Monitoring PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429279119-321 VL - 2021 SP - 2353 EP - 2358 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - London AN - OPUS4-53816 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Seismic methods to test concrete strcutures N2 - Seismic methods are increasingly used to improve ultrasonic imaging and monitoring of concrete. At BAM, we are research mainly the use of Reverse Time Migration to get better images from ultrasonic echo data of thick, complex concrete structures. Coda wave interferometry is used to detect subtle changes in concrete constructions, e. g. using embedded ultasonic transducers. T2 - Geophysikalisches Seminar der Universität Potsdam CY - Potsdam,. Germany DA - 25.01.2019 KW - Concrete KW - Ultrasound KW - Monitoring KW - Imaging PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47302 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Epple, Niklas T1 - ridge Monitoring by Ultrasonic Coda Wave Interferometry N2 - The built infrastructure ages and requires regular inspection and, when in doubt, monitoring. To ensure that older concrete bridges showing signs of deterioration can be used safely, several innovative monitoring tools have been introduced, including but not limited to optical, fiber-optic, or acoustic emission techniques. However, there are gaps in the portfolio. A sensing technique that covers a wide range of damage scenarios and larger volumes, while still being sensitive and specific, would be beneficial. For about 15 years, research has been conducted on ultrasonic monitoring of concrete structures that goes beyond the traditional ultrasonic pulse velocity test (PV test), mostly using a very sensitive data evaluation technique called coda wave interferometry. At BAM we have developed sensors and instrumentation specifically for this method. We have instrumented a 70-year-old, severely damaged prestressed concrete bridge in Germany in addition to a commercial monitoring system. We have now collected data for almost 3 years. We can show that we can provide information about the stress distribution in the bridge. We have also been able to confirm that there has been no significant additional damage to the bridge since the installation. T2 - ISNT NDE 2023 CY - Pune, India DA - 07.12.2023 KW - Coda wave interferometry KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Ultrasound KW - Concrete KW - Bridges PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59346 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Algernon, D. A1 - Arndt, R. A1 - Ebsen, B. A1 - Feistkorn, S. A1 - Friese, M. A1 - Große, C. A1 - Kathage, S. A1 - Keßler, S. A1 - Kurz, J. A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Lohse, C. A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Schickert, M. A1 - Schröder, G. A1 - Taffe, A. A1 - Walther, A. A1 - Wilcke, M. A1 - Wolf, J. A1 - Wöstmann, Jens T1 - Richtlinie B-LF 01: Leitfaden zur Erstellung von Prüfanweisungen für die Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung im Bauwesen (ZfP Bau) N2 - Der vorliegende Leitfaden dient zur Unterstützung der Entwicklung und Umsetzung von Prüfanweisungen für ZfP-Verfahren im Bauwesen. Er gibt einen Überblick über Verwendungszweck, Erstellung und Inhalte von Prüfanweisungen unter Berücksichtigung einheitlicher Standardisierungsziele. KW - Prüfanweisung KW - Beton KW - Leitfaden PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-947971-23-7 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e.V. (DGZfP) CY - Berlin ET - 1. Aufl., April 2022 AN - OPUS4-54985 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Landis, E. A1 - Hassfras, Emiel A1 - Oesch, Tyler A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Relating ultrasonic signals to concrete microstructure using X-ray computed tomography N2 - With a goal to improve our understanding of the relationships between microstructural features and ultrasonic signal behavior, concrete specimens of varying water-to-cement ratio were imaged using X-ray computed tomography (CT), and subsequently subjected to ultrasonic testing. From the CT scans, measurements were made of cement paste density and number of interfaces. Ultrasonic signals produced using a through-transmission configuration were analyzed and fit to a diffusion model to separate absorption from scattering attenuation. The results showed that at the frequencies tested, ultrasonic dissipation rate correlated weakly with paste density, while diffusivity correlated well with number of interfaces, but only if entrained air is considered separately. Cement paste density was found to be very well predicted by diffusivity, leading to a clear power-law relationship between diffusivity and compressive strength. KW - Concrete KW - Ultrasound KW - Strength KW - CT PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121124 SN - 0950-0618 VL - 268 SP - Paper 121124, 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-52073 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Recent advances in NDE of concrete structures at BAM N2 - This talk gives an introduction to BAM and its NDT-CE division. Specific challenges in NDT-CE are discussed as well as recent research results. T2 - NDE 2019 Pre-Conference Tutorial PCT 4 CY - Bangalore, India DA - 03.12.2019 KW - NDT KW - Civil engineering PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50168 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Progress in non-destructive testing and monitoring of concrete N2 - Überblicksvortrag zu Aktivitäten von BAM-8.2 T2 - Seminar der Universität Lund, Fakultät, Technische Geologie und NDT CY - Lund, Sweden DA - 8.3.2018 KW - Concrete KW - Non-Destructive Testing PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44575 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Wang, Xin A1 - Herbrand, M. A1 - Müller, M. T1 - Processing ultrasonic data by coda wave interferometry to monitor load tests of concrete beams N2 - Ultrasonic transmission measurements have been used for decades to monitor concrete elements, mostly on a laboratory scale. Recently, coda wave interferometry (CWI), a technique adapted from seismology, was introduced to civil engineering experiments. It can be used to reveal subtle changes in concrete laboratory samples and even large structural elements without having a transducer directly at the place where the change is taking place. Here, several load tests until failure on large posttensioned concrete beams have been monitored using networks of embedded transducers. To detect subtle effects at the beginning of the experiments and cope with severe changes due to cracking close to failure, the coda wave interferometry procedures had to be modified to an adapted step-wise approach. Using this methodology, we were able to monitor stress distribution and localize large cracks by a relatively simple technique. Implementation of this approach on selected real structures might help to make decisions in infrastructure asset management. KW - Ultrasound KW - Concrete KW - Monitoring KW - Coda wave interferometry KW - Embedded transducers PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-452328 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010147 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - Article 147, 1 EP - 13 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-45232 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Practical procedure for the precise measurement of geometrical tendon positions in concrete with ultrasonic echo N2 - Existing concrete structures were usually designed for lifetimes of several decades. The current and urgently required efforts to increase sustainability and protect the environment will likely result in extended service lives up to 100 years. To achieve such objectives, it is required to assess structures over their entire lifecycles. Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods can reliably support the assessment of existing structures during the construction, operational, and decommissioning phases. One of the most important and safety-relevant components of a prestressed concrete structure are the tendons. NDT methods such as the ultrasonic echo method are suitable for both the detection and the localization of the tendons, i.e., the measurement of their geometrical position inside the component. The uniqueness of structures, concrete heterogeneity, and varying amounts of secondary components such as the reinforcement represent obstacles in the application of these methods in practice. The aim of this contribution is to demonstrate a practicable procedure, that can be used in the field to determine the parameters required for the measuring data analysis without extensive knowledge about the investigated components. For this purpose, a polyamide reference specimen is used to show which steps are required to obtain reliable imaging information on the position of tendons from the measurement data. The procedure is then demonstrated on a concrete test specimen that covers various relevant and practice-oriented test scenarios, such as varying tendon depths and component thicknesses. T2 - International Conference on Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting (ICCRRR 2022) CY - Cape Town, South Africa DA - 03.10.2022 KW - Validation KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Ultrasonic KW - Reconstruction KW - Concrete KW - Tendon duct PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-559979 DO - https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236403007 SN - 2261-263X SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-55997 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Nuclear concrete, and how to live with it more easy using NDE N2 - This keynote presentation compiles the specialities of civil engineering compared to other disciplines, of NDT in civil engineering compared to other filds of NDT and the specific challenges of applications in the nuclear energy and disposal sector. T2 - NucCon 2023 CY - Espoo, Finland DA - 25.01.2023 KW - NDT KW - Concrete KW - Nuclear PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-56912 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vössing, Konrad A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst ED - Faix, O. T1 - Nondestructive assessment and imaging methods for internal inspection of timber. A review. N2 - This paper reviews state-of-the-art in nondestructive testing (NDT) and semidestructive testing (SDT) methods applicable for imaging the condition of structural timber. Both NDT and SDT imaging reveal defects, damages, and decay, while the extent of wood decay can also be quantified. Combined with an appropriate data interpretation concerning the internal defects, the mechanical properties of the material can also be assessed. The possibilities and limitations of the most relevant individual NDT and SDT methods, also in combination with each other, are outlined and compared. To facilitate comparison, many observations are reported based on the same test specimen. KW - Drilling resistance KW - Electrical resistivity KW - Radar KW - Radiography KW - Sonic stress wave KW - Ultrasound KW - Non destructive testing KW - Timber structure PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2017-0122 SN - 0018-3830 SN - 1437-434X VL - 72 IS - 6 SP - 467 EP - 476 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-44445 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Arndt, R.W. A1 - Grosse, C.U, A1 - Maehner, D. A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Taffe, A. A1 - Algernon, D. A1 - Berger, J. A1 - Kessler, S. A1 - Krueger, M. A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine A1 - Ufermann-Wallmeier, D. A1 - Walther, A. T1 - Non-destructive testing in civil engineering: A memorandum for teaching at German-speaking universities N2 - This contribution summarizes actual developments and draft fundamental teaching topics in the field of nondestructive testing in civil engineering (NDT-CE). It is based on the first memorandum on teaching and research in the field of NDT-CE at German speaking universities and provides an overview of the academic education and highlights possible focuses, especially in teaching but also takes into account noteworthy developments and topics in research in the field of NDT-CE. Suggestions are given for the development and advancement of the teaching curricula in regards to a comprehensive and sound professional education of students in civil engineering and adjacent disciplines. T2 - NDT-CE 2022 CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 16.08.2022 KW - Curriculum KW - NDT-CE KW - University KW - Competencies PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-563269 UR - https://www.ndt.net/article/ndtce2022/paper/61547_manuscript.pdf SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-56326 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Non-destructive Evaluation for Nuclear Power Plant concrete infrastructure N2 - The ageing and decommissioning of nuclear concrete infrastructure (e. g. safety containments) as well as the building and closure of waste repositories gives new challenges to non-destructive testing. For example, the quality assurance of very thick concrete structures is beyond the limitations of commercial ultrasonic instrumentation. The presentation introduces typical testing tasks and the application of state of the art NDT techniques. In addition, it describes some new developments in ultrasonic testing and monitoring. Specifically, the application of the unique deep penetration system LAUS is shown. Ultrasonic monitoring using embedded transducers to check for subtle and sudden changes in the material is introduced as well. T2 - Aalto University Special Guest Seminar CY - Espoo, Finland DA - 25.10.2018 KW - Ultrasound KW - Concrete KW - Nuclear PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46425 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Xin A1 - Chakraborty, J. A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Noise Reduction for Improvement of Ultrasonic Monitoring Using Coda Wave Interferometry on a Real Bridge N2 - Reinforced concrete bridges are iconic parts of modern infrastructure. They are designed for a minimum service life of 100 years. However, environmental factors and/or inappropriate use might cause overload and accelerate the deterioration of bridges. In extreme cases, bridges could collapse when necessary maintenance lacks. Thus, the permanent monitoring for structure health assessment has been proposed, which is the aim of structural health monitoring (SHM). Studies in laboratories have shown that ultrasonic (US) coda wave interferometry (CWI) using diffuse waves has high sensitivity and reliability to detect subtle changes in concrete structures. The creation of micro-cracks might be recognized at an early stage. Moreover, large-volume structures can be monitored with a relatively small number of US transducers. However, it is still a challenge to implement the CWI method in real SHM practical applications in an outdoor environment because of the complex external factors, such as various noise sources that interfere with the recorded signals. In this paper, monitoring data from a 36-m long bridge girder in Gliwice, Poland, instrumented with embedded US transducers, thermistors, and vibrating wire strain gauges, is presented. Noise estimation and reductionmethods are discussed, and the influence of traffic, as well as temperature variation, are studied. As a result, the relative velocity variation of US waves following the temperature change with a very high precision of 10−4% is shown, and a good bridge health condition is inferred. The influence of lightweight real traffic is negligible. The study verified the feasibility of the implementation of the CWI method on real bridge structures. KW - Ultrasound KW - Coda Wave Interferometry KW - Noise KW - Concrete KW - Bridge PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-020-00743-9 VL - 40 IS - 1 SP - Article number: 14 PB - Springer Nature AN - OPUS4-52052 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - News from NDT@BAM N2 - The presentation summarizes some recent research at BAM in the field of NDT in civil engineering. the firste xample decribes lab experiments on the degardation of concrete during tunnel fires. Radar measuremenst were sucessfully used to detect interior damage. The second example decribes the first ever experiment on using muon imaging to evaluate concrete constructions. T2 - TRB 100th Annual Meeting, Subcommittee AKB40(1) CY - Online meeting DA - 05.01.2021 KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Civil engineering KW - Tunnel fire KW - Radar KW - Muon imaging PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52053 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Algernon, D. A1 - Arndt, R.W. A1 - Denzel, W. A1 - Ebsen, B. A1 - Feistkorn, S. A1 - Friese, M. A1 - Große, C.U. A1 - Kathage, S. A1 - Keßler, S. A1 - Köpp, Christian A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Lohse, C. A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Schickert, M. A1 - Schröder, G. A1 - Taffe, A. A1 - Timofeev, Juri A1 - Walther, A. A1 - Wilcke, M. A1 - Wolf, J. A1 - Wöstmann, Jens T1 - NDT procedures in relation to quality assurance and validation of nondestructive testing in civil engineering N2 - The field of non-destructive testing of civil structures (NDT-CE) has been continuously growing. Due to the complexity and diversity of civil constructions as well as the heterogeneity of concrete, specific standards or guidelines for the application of modern NDT-CE are still missing. The development of individual solutions is the current approach, which is just as challenging as it is common for NDT-CE. With the increasing development and commercialization of NDT-CE technology, the group of practitioners is growing. To ensure a good level of quality in the industry, it appears necessary to establish adequate means. Naturally, the performance of NDT-CE methods regarding a specific application is strongly dependent on choosing the most suitable inspection technique and applying it correctly, generally referred to as the inspection procedure in the field of NDT. There are well-defined guidelines regarding procedure documentation and handling in many fields of NDT (e.g. nuclear, aerospace or automotive) according to the high importance of procedures in assuring a successful and reliable application. For a long time, this has not always been the case with NDT-CE, which is still considered a unique discipline of NDT. Part of the reason for that might be the young development state of NDTCE, the heterogeneity of building materials like concrete, timber or masonry as a material and the diversity of civil structures. In consequence, NDT-CE procedure development is considered challenging. Among other aspects, addressed in the subcommittee on Quality Assurance (UA-QS) within the committee for NDT-CE of the German Society for Nondestructive Testing (DGZfP), part of its work aims at establishing an adequate basis for NDT-CE procedure development. While some of the highly developed approaches from other industries are taken into consideration, they need to be analyzed regarding their suitability for NDT-CE and adapted accordingly. For a procedure to be as defined as possible, it needs to contain sufficient information, such as the scope and limitations regarding material, geometry and condition of the test object, inspection parameters, calibration, data acquisition, analysis criteria as well as requirements regarding the inspection personnel. For a successful implementation in the field, it is important to define the specific procedure as precisely as possible. Despite the necessity of a great amount of information to be included, the procedure needs to be suitable for efficient field application. The UA-QS is developing a guideline for NDT-CE procedures suitable for application in this field of NDT to ensure correct and reproducible application. To demonstrate and evaluate this concept, specific examples of procedures are also produced. In particular, the UA-QS has developed a procedure for the detection and positioning of tendon ducts using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). This procedure is tested regarding the practical applicability in a roundrobin on a defined type of reference test block. T2 - SMT and NDT-CE 2018 CY - New Brunswick, NJ, USA DA - 27.08.2018 KW - Quality assurance KW - Procedure KW - Reliability KW - Validation KW - Reference specimen PY - 2019 UR - https://asnt.org/smt18papers SN - 978-1-57117-456-7 VL - 11/19 SP - 31 EP - 38 PB - The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. CY - Columbus, OH, USA AN - OPUS4-47239 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - NDT CE from simple detectors to deep insight and quantitative structural assessment N2 - Non-destructive testing methods are available in civil engineering for decades to estimate concrete properties or to detect flaws and features. But recently we have seen the dawn of next-generation tools, methods, and applications. Some of them will be discussed in the web talk: – Better tools: deeper and more detailed insight into concrete constructions – Better methods: Quantitative use in probabilistic structural assessment – Better rules: Towards standardization, qualification, and certification – Better application: Digitalization and Elimination of the boundaries between NDT, SHM, and BIM: NDT-CE 4.0 Not enough? I might show, how cosmic rays might become a game-changer in NDT-CE. This live webinar record was provided by https://eurostruct.org T2 - Eurostruct Live Talk CY - Online meeting DA - 12.05.2021 KW - NDT-CE KW - Concrete KW - Ultrasound KW - Muons PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54158 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - NDE of foundations N2 - This talk teaches the basic princioles and applications of NDT methods for deep foundations, sprecifically piles. A variety of testing methods are discussed (integrity testing, ultrasonic crosshole logging, parallel seismic and others). Capabilities and limitations are given as well as specific hints for practical use. T2 - NDE 2019 Pre-Conference Tutorial PCT 4 CY - Bangalore, India DA - 03.12.2019 KW - NDT KW - Foundation KW - Pile KW - Integrity testing PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50169 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst ED - Meyendorf, N. ED - Ida, N. ED - Singh, R. ED - Vrana, J. T1 - NDE 4.0 in Civil Engineering N2 - Civil engineering industry is one of the most important industry sectors in the worldwide economy. It contributes significantly to the gross economic product and general employment. Even more important, it provides many of the basic needs of the society (e.g., housing, infrastructure, and protection from natural hazards). The concept of “Industry 4.0” or “Smart Production” has not yet made significant progress in the civil engineering industry. The designing, building, and operating processes are still widely dominated by the exchange of printed documents and drawings. Most objects (buildings and other constructions) are unique, and a large part of the production still requires a large amount of manual labor. As-built documentation and quality assurance are often neglected. Civil engineering is among the industry sectors with the lowest level of digitalization and the lowest gain in productivity. However, this is going to change. In the past decade, several drivers have challenged the ways clients, contractors, and authorities currently operate. These drivers include but are not limited to an increasing demand for serialization and automatization or the mandatory introduction of “Building Information Modeling” (BIM) in public procurement as well as the upcoming use of digital twins. NDE plays an increasing role in quality assurance, condition assessment, and monitoring of structures. However, with very few exceptions, applications are mostly nonstandardized and performed only at selected sites. To change this, the NDT-CE community including manufacturers, service providers, clients, and the scientific community must work consistently on open data formats, interfaces to BIM, standardization, and validated ways for a quantitative use of the results in the assessment of constructions. KW - NDE 4.0 KW - Civil engineering KW - BIM KW - IFC PY - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-48200-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48200-8 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-54161 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Gardner, S. A1 - Kind, Thomas A1 - Kaiser, R. A1 - Grunwald, Marcel A1 - Yang, G. A1 - Redmer, Bernhard A1 - Waske, Anja A1 - Mielentz, Frank A1 - Effner, Ute A1 - Köpp, Christian A1 - Clarkson, A. A1 - Thompson, F. A1 - Ryan, M. A1 - Mahon, D. T1 - Muon Tomography of the Interior of a Reinforced Concrete Block: First Experimental Proof of Concept N2 - Quality assurance and condition assessment of concrete structures is an important topic world-wide due to the aging infrastructure and increasing traffic demands. Common topics include, but are not limited to, localisation of rebar or tendon ducts, geometrical irregularities, cracks, voids, honeycombing or other flaws. Non-destructive techniques such as ultrasound or radar have found regular, successful practical application but sometimes suffer from limited resolution and accuracy, imaging artefacts or restrictions in detecting certain features. Until the 1980s X-ray transmission was used in case of special demands and showed a much better resolution than other NDT techniques. However, due to safety concerns and cost issues, this method is almost never used anymore. Muon tomography has received much attention recently. Novel detectors for cosmic muons and tomographic imaging algorithms have opened up new fields of application, such as the investigation of freight containers. Muon imaging also has the potential to fill some of the gaps currently existing in concrete NDT. As a first step towards practical use and as a proof of concept we used an existing system to image the interior of a reference reinforced 600 kg concrete block. Even with a yet not optimized setup for this kind of investigation, the muon imaging results are at least of similar quality compared to ultrasonic and radar imaging, potentially even better. The data acquisition takes more time and signals contain more noise, but the images allowed to detect the same important features that are visible in conventional high energy X-ray tomography. In our experiment, we have shown that muon imaging has potential for concrete inspection. The next steps include the development of mobile detectors and optimising acquisition and imaging parameters. KW - Concrete KW - Muon KW - Radar KW - Ultrasound KW - X-ray PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-529974 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-021-00797-3 VL - 40 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Springer Nature AN - OPUS4-52997 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Guangliang, Y. A1 - Mahon, D. A1 - Gardner, S. T1 - Muon tomography applied to assessment of concrete structures: First experiments and simulations. N2 - Non-destructive techniques for reinforced or prestressed concrete inspection such as ultrasound or radar have found regular, successful practical application but sometimes suffer from limited resolution and accuracy, imaging artefacts or restrictions in detecting certain features. Until the 1980s X-ray transmission was used in case of special demands and showed a much better resolution than other NDT techniques. However, due to safety concerns and cost issues, this method is almost never used anymore. Muon tomography has received much attention recently. Novel detectors for cosmic muons and tomographic imaging algorithms have opened new fields of application. As a first step towards practical application in civil engineering and as a proof of concept we used an existing system to image the interior of a reference reinforced 600 kg concrete block. Even with a yet not optimized setup for this kind of investigation, the muon imaging results are at least of similar quality compared to ultrasonic and radar imaging, potentially even better. In a second step, we have performed simulations to assess the potential for a set of important testing problems such as grouting defects in tendon ducts. The next steps include the development of mobile detectors and optimizing acquisition and imaging parameters. T2 - NDT-CE 2022 CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 16.08.2022 KW - Muon tomography KW - Concrete KW - Inspection KW - Simulation PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-563224 UR - https://www.ndt.net/article/ndtce2022/paper/60943_manuscript.pdf SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-56322 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Guangliang, Y. A1 - Mahon, D. A1 - Gardner, S. T1 - Muon tomography applied to assessment of concrete structures: First experiments and simulations. N2 - Non-destructive techniques for reinforced or prestressed concrete inspection such as ultrasound or radar have found regular, successful practical application but sometimes suffer from limited resolution and accuracy, imaging artefacts or restrictions in detecting certain features. Until the 1980s X-ray transmission was used in case of special demands and showed a much better resolution than other NDT techniques. However, due to safety concerns and cost issues, this method is almost never used anymore. Muon tomography has received much attention recently. Novel detectors for cosmic muons and tomographic imaging algorithms have opened new fields of application. As a first step towards practical application in civil engineering and as a proof of concept we used an existing system to image the interior of a reference reinforced 600 kg concrete block. Even with a yet not optimized setup for this kind of investigation, the muon imaging results are at least of similar quality compared to ultrasonic and radar imaging, potentially even better. In a second step, we have performed simulations to assess the potential for a set of important testing problems such as grouting defects in tendon ducts. The next steps include the development of mobile detectors and optimizing acquisition and imaging parameters. T2 - NDT-CE 2022 CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 16.08.2022 KW - Muon tomography KW - Concrete KW - Inspection KW - Simulation PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56323 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Bühling, Benjamin A1 - Borchardt-Giers, Kerstin A1 - Aßmann, Norman A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Low frequency ultrasonic pulse-echo datasets for object detection and thickness measurement in concrete specimens as testing tasks in civil engineering N2 - The dataset contains raw data gathered with the ultrasonic pulse-echo method on concrete specimens. The surfaces of the measuring objects were automatically scanned point by point. Pulse-echo measurements were performed at each of these measuring points. The test specimens represent two typical testing tasks in construction industry: the detection of objects and the determination of dimensions to describe the geometry of components. By automating the measurement process, the different test scenarios are examined with a high repeatability, precision and measuring point density. Longitu- dinal and transversal waves were used and the geometrical aperture of the testing system was varied. The low-frequency probes operate in a range of up to approximately 150 kHz. In addition to the specification of the geometrical dimensions of the individual probes, the directivity pattern and the sound field characteristics are provided. The raw data are stored in a universally readable format. The length of each time signal (A-scan) is two milliseconds and the sampling rate is two mega-samples per second. The provided data can be used for comparative studies in signal analysis, imag- ing and interpretation as well as for evaluation pur- poses in different, practically relevant testing scenarios. KW - Validation KW - Puls-echo method KW - Ultrasonic KW - Non-destructive testing KW - SAFT KW - Reconstruction algorithm PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575185 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109233 SN - 2352-3409 VL - 48 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-57518 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Bühling, Benjamin A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Low frequency ultrasonic dataset for pulse echo object detection in an isotropic homogeneous medium as reference for heterogeneous materials in civil engineering N2 - The dataset presented contains ultrasonic data recorded in pulse echo mode. The investigated specimen is made of the isotropic homogeneous material polyamide and has a drill hole of constant diameter running parallel to the surface, which was scanned in a point grid using an automatic scanner system. At each measuring position, a pitch-catch measurement was performed using a sampling rate of 2 MHz. The probes used are arrays consisting of a spatially separated receiving and in-phase transmitting unit. The transmitting and receiving sides each consist of 12 point-shaped single probes. These dry-point contact (DPC) probes operate according to the piezoelectric principle at nominal frequencies of 55 kHz (shear waves) and 100 kHz (longitudinal waves), respectively, and do not require a coupling medium. The measurements are performed with longitudinal (100 kHz) and transverse (55 kHz) waves with different geometric orientations of the probe on the measurement surface. The data presented in the article provide a valid source for evaluating reconstruction algorithms for imaging in the low-frequency ultrasound range. KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Ultrasound KW - Pulse-echo method KW - Reference material KW - Reconstruction algorithm KW - Validation PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-547326 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.108235 VL - 42 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-54732 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Low frequency ultrasonic dataset for comparison and validation of signal processing and imaging techniques in civil engineering N2 - The evaluation of technical components and materials in terms of condition and quality with the aid of non-destructive testing methods plays an outstanding role both in industrial serial production and in the individual assessment of components. The ultrasonic echo method is used for a wide variety of testing tasks, such as measuring the thickness of a component. At the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) in Berlin, test methods are developed and their performance is demonstrated. For this purpose, references such as materials, test procedures or data sets are generated, which are used to evaluate these developed test methods. An important component of these references are data sets that are created according to the BAM Data Policy and made available to the scientific community and users of test methods in practice on the basis of the FAIR principles (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse). T2 - The International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE) 2022 CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 16.08.2022 KW - Reference data KW - Non destructive testing and evaluation KW - Ultrasonic KW - Civil engineering PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-58440 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert A1 - Milmann, Boris T1 - LAUS - Erste praktische Erfahrungen mit einem neuartigen Ultraschallsystem großer Eindringtiefe N2 - Konventionelle Systeme zur Ultraschall-Echo-Prüfung von Betonbauteilen sind in ihrer Eindringtiefe auf etwa einem Meter begrenzt. Zur Prüfung stärkerer Objekte war die Entwicklung eines neuartigen Prüfsystems notwendig. Das LAUS-System (Large Aperture UltraSound) besteht aus 12 einzelnen Arrays, die mit jeweils 32 Einzelprüfköpfen (Scherwellen, 25 – 50 kHz) als Sender oder Empfänger betrieben werden können. Sie werden unabhängig auf Betonoberflächen mit Unterdruck befestigt und kommunizieren drahtlos untereinander und mit der Zentraleinheit. Alle möglichen Kombinationen ergeben 132 Einzelmessungen, die zur Rekonstruktion des durchschallten Volumens genutzt werden. Mehrere dieser Datensätze lassen sich zu einer 3D-Auswertung kombinieren. Das System wurde an mehreren Testobjekten und Bauwerken erfolgreich erprobt. So konnte die fünf Meter dicke, sehr stark bewehrte Fundamentplatte des Fallturms auf dem BAM-Testgelände bei Horstwalde durchschallt werden. Ein zweites Beispiel ist die erfolgreiche Detektion von Spannkanälen in 1,8 m Tiefe in einem massiven Brückenbauwerk. T2 - Bauwerksdiagnose 2018 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.2.2018 KW - Ultraschall KW - Beton KW - LAUS KW - Brücke KW - Fundament PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44577 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert A1 - Milmann, Boris T1 - LAUS - Erste praktische Erfahrungen mit einem neuartigen Ultraschallsystem großer Eindringtiefe N2 - Konventionelle Systeme zur Ultraschall-Echo-Prüfung von Betonbauteilen sind in ihrer Eindringtiefe auf etwa einem Meter begrenzt. Zur Prüfung stärkerer Objekte war die Entwicklung eines neuartigen Prüfsystems notwendig. Das LAUS-System (Large Aperture UltraSound) besteht aus 12 einzelnen Arrays, die mit jeweils 32 Einzelprüfköpfen (Scherwellen, 25 – 50 kHz) als Sender oder Empfänger betrieben werden können. Sie werden unabhängig auf Betonoberflächen mit Unterdruck befestigt und kommunizieren drahtlos untereinander und mit der Zentraleinheit. Alle möglichen Kombinationen ergeben 132 Einzelmessungen, die zur Rekonstruktion des durchschallten Volumens genutzt werden. Mehrere dieser Datensätze lassen sich zu einer 3D-Auswertung kombinieren. Das System wurde an mehreren Testobjekten und Bauwerken erfolgreich erprobt. So konnte die fünf Meter dicke, sehr stark bewehrte Fundamentplatte des Fallturms auf dem BAM-Testgelände bei Horstwalde durchschallt werden. Ein zweites Beispiel ist die erfolgreiche Detektion von Spannkanälen in 1,8 m Tiefe in einem massiven Brückenbauwerk. T2 - Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose 2018 CY - Berlin DA - 15.2.2018 KW - Beton KW - Ultraschall KW - LAUS KW - Brücke KW - Fundament PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-445786 UR - https://www.bauwerksdiagnose2018.de/Portals/bauwerksdiagnose2018/BB/16.pdf SP - Paper 16, 1 EP - 8 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-44578 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Introduction to BAM and ultrasonics (and GPR) in civil engineering N2 - This presentation gives anoverview about BAM, its department 8 and in particular its division 8.2 "NDT methods for civil engineering". The focus is on methods and applications with a geoscientific context, such as methods adopted from geophysics or NDT method applied in a geological environment. T2 - GTK (Geological Survey of Finland) Semninar CY - Espoo, Finland DA - 20.01.2023 KW - NDT KW - Ultrasound KW - Radar KW - Geophysics KW - Concrete PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-56911 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -