TY - CONF A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B. T1 - Modeling Equilibrium Chemistry in Laser Induced Plasmas and Plasma Chemical Reactors N2 - A brief introduction will be given on modeling chemical reactions in laser induced plasmas using stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric approaches. Several applications will be considered, which can benefit from such modeling. Those include plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), surface modification and surface coating, and molecular analysis by LIBS. Each application will be illustrated by simulations of relevant chemical systems. For PECVD, chemical systems are BCl3/H2/Ar, BF3/H2/Ar, BCl3/BF3, Mo/BF3/H2; for surface modification/coating it is Ti/air; for molecular LIBS they are CaCO3/Ar, Ca(OH)2/Ar, and CaCl2/Ar. Advantages and shortcomings of equilibrium chemical hydrodynamic models of laser induced plasmas will be discussed. T2 - 1st NIP Conference National Institute of Physics (IKF), the Albanian Academy of Sciences CY - Online meeting DA - 10.02.2022 KW - Laser ablation KW - Laser induced plasma deposition KW - Surface coating KW - Titanium dioxide KW - Emission spectroscopy KW - Hydrodynamic model KW - Plasma chemistry PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54328 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B. T1 - Plasma Fundamentals and Diagnostics N2 - This course will provide an introduction to plasma diagnostic techniques. The major focus of the course will be on the discussions of the practical procedures as well as the underlying physical principles for the measurements of plasma fundamental characteristics (e.g., temperatures and electron number density). Particular emphasis will be placed on laser induced plasma–atomic emission spectrometry, but other analytical plasmas will also be used as examples when appropriate. Selected examples on how one can manipulate the operating conditions of the plasma source, based on the results of plasma diagnostic measurements, to improve its performance used for spectrochemical analysis will also be covered. Topics to be covered include thermal equilibrium, line profiles, temperatures, electron densities, excitation processes, temporal and spatial resolution. T2 - 2022 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY - Tucson, Arizona, USA DA - 17.01.2022 KW - Thermal equilibrium KW - Excitation processes KW - Electron number density KW - Temperatures KW - Spatial information KW - Emission line profiles PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54288 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Held, Mathias T1 - Inverse determination of elastic material parameters from the propagation behavior of ultrasonic waves using convolutional neuronal networks N2 - Um aus messtechnisch ermittelten Dispersionsabbildungen geführter Ultraschallwellen Rückschlüsse auf die Materialparameter zu ziehen, werden in der aktuellen Forschung verschiedene inverse Methoden diskutiert. Maschinelles Lernen und insbesondere Convolutional-Neural-Networks (CNNs) stellen eine Möglichkeit der automatisierten inversen Modellierung und Evaluierung von Bilddaten dar. In diesem Vortrag wird anhand synthetischer Daten gezeigt, wie das Ausbreitungsverhalten von geführten Ultraschallwellen unter Verwendung von CNNs genutzt werden kann, um die isotropen elastischen Konstanten einer plattenförmigen Struktur zu bestimmen. T2 - Doktorandentreffen 2021 CY - Petershagen/Eggersdorf, Germany DA - 25.10.2021 KW - Convolutional Neuronal Networks KW - Inverse Probleme KW - Materialcharakterisierung KW - Maschine learning KW - Guided waves KW - Lamb Wellen PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54264 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hassenstein, Christian T1 - Adaptive TFM approach for turbine blade testing in an NDE 4.0 environment N2 - Turbine blades for gas turbines are exposed to extreme working conditions in a demanding environment. In-service inspection, maintenance and refurbishment of the heavily stressed parts is necessary to ensure both safety and efficiency, e.g. based on immersion ultrasound testing (UT). In the course of NDE 4.0, the European project MRO 2.0 aims to innovate the maintenance, repair and overhaul of turbine blades by linking these with modern digital methods. For this, the goal of this project is to go beyond conventional automated and manual UT testing techniques. The aim is to measure the actual geometry and wall thickness of the complex shaped parts by applying an adaptive TFM that takes into account the refraction of the ultrasonic waves at the transition from the coupling material (water) to the inspected part (steel). In this setup the phased array probe is held by a robotic arm that allows the part to be scanned while remaining mainly perpendicular to the inspected surface. In this way, even complex geometries can be inspected and a 3D model of the actual condition of the part can be created. The laboratory setup is equipped with a Vantage 64 phased array instrument from Verasonics Inc. and an industrial robot from ABB. A 64 element linear array probe operating at 10 MHz is attached to the robot. The focus is on optimizing resolution, reliability and inspection speed, as the reconstructed model will be fed to the digital twin at a later stage of the project and used for targeted repairs. In addition to enhancing the reconstruction algorithms, required probe geometry and the parameters needed to inspect turbine blades with partially thin walls and anisotropic materials will also be investigated. This talk will describe the 3-year project and present the results of the first year. The main focus will be on the development of the reconstruction algorithms used and the experimental setup. T2 - 48th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE 2021) CY - Online meeting DA - 28.07.2021 KW - Utrasound testing KW - Turbine blade KW - Maintenance KW - Phased array KW - Automation PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54313 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B. T1 - Deposition of Titanium Oxides by Nanosecond Laser Ablation: Simulation and Experiment N2 - Surface modification of titanium by laser ablation is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The modification consists in texturing the surface and redeposition of chemically transformed material from the ablation plasma. The redeposition is driven by the hydrodynamic flow in the plasma. Such surface modification improves the biocompatibility of titanium implants. T2 - 2022 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY - Tucson, Arizona, USA DA - 17.01.2022 KW - Laser ablation KW - Laser induced plasma deposition KW - Surface coating KW - Titanium dioxide KW - Emission spectroscopy KW - Hydrodynamic model KW - Plasma chemistry PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54289 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - In situ investigations of mechanochemical processes N2 - Overview of the present BAM activities in the field of in situ analytics of mechanochemical processes. Recent results for the synthesis of metal organic frameworks and cocrystals are presented. T2 - HZB Seminar CY - Online meeting DA - 21.01.2022 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - In situ real-time monitoring PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54296 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B. T1 - Optical Detection of Defects during Laser Metal Deposition N2 - Laser metal deposition is a rapidly evolving method for additive manufacturing that combines high performance and simplified production routine. Quality of production depends on an instrumental design and operational parameters, which require constant control during the process. In this work, feasibility of using optical spectroscopy as a control method is studied via modeling and experimentally. A simplified thermal model is developed based on the time-dependent diffusion-conduction heat equation and geometrical light collection into detection optics. Intense light emitted by a laser-heated spot moving across a sample surface is collected and processed to yield the temperature and other temperature-related parameters. In the presence of surface defects, the temperature field is distorted in a specific manner that depends on shape and size of the defect. Optical signals produced by such the distorted temperature fields are simulated and verified experimentally using a 3D metal printer and a sample with artificially carved defects. Three quantities are tested as possible metrics for monitoring the process: temperature, integral intensity, and correlation coefficient. The shapes of the simulated signals qualitatively agree with the experimental signals; this allows for a cautious inference that optical spectroscopy can detect surface defects and, possibly, predict their characters, e.g., inner or protruding. T2 - Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale XLII (CSI XLII) CY - Gijon, Spain DA - 30 May 2022 KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Laser metal deposition KW - Optical sensor KW - Optical emission spectroscopy KW - Process control PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55063 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Brauckmann, C. A1 - Pramann, A. A1 - Rienitz, O. A1 - Schulze, A. A1 - Phukphatthanachai, P. A1 - Vogl, Jochen T1 - Combining Isotope Dilution and Standard Addition - Elemental Analysis in Complex Samples N2 - A new method combining isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and standard addition has been developed to determine the mass fractions w of different elements in complex matrices: (a) silicon in aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), (b) sulfur in biodiesel fuel, and (c) iron bound to transferrin in human serum. All measurements were carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). The method requires the gravimetric preparation of several blends (bi)—each consisting of roughly the same masses (mx,i) of the sample solution (x) and my,i of a spike solution (y) plus different masses (mz,i) of a reference solution (z). Only these masses and the isotope ratios (Rb,i) in the blends and reference and spike solutions have to be measured. The derivation of the underlying equations based on linear regression is presented and compared to a related concept reported by Pagliano and Meija. The uncertainties achievable, e.g., in the case of the Si blank in extremely pure TMAH of urel (w(Si)) = 90% (linear regression method, this work) and urel (w(Si)) = 150% (the method reported by Pagliano and Meija) seem to suggest better applicability of the new method in practical use due to the higher robustness of regression analysis. T2 - CITAC Best Paper Award Ceremony CY - Online meeting DA - 21.06.2022 KW - Isotope dilution mass spectrometry KW - Standard addition KW - ICP-MS KW - Blank characterization KW - Silicon KW - Sulfur KW - Transferrin KW - Tetramethylammonium hydroxide KW - Biodiesel fuel KW - Human serum PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55032 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pech May, Nelson Wilbur T1 - Automatic inspection of surface breaking cracks using laser scanning thermography N2 - In this work, we report on a method for automatic inspection of components using laser scanning thermography, in which the relative motion is performed by a robot to fully inspect complex test objects such as turbine blades. We demonstrate our evaluation algorithms with the aim of automatically detecting surface defects on calibrated specimens. We show the influence of the excitation laser, which can be varied in terms of spot geometry, wavelength, and scan scheme. Additionally, we show some advantages, versatility, and current challenges of using a programmed robot for non-destructive evaluation in thermography. T2 - International Conference in Photoacoustics and Photothermal Phenomena (ICPPP21) CY - Bled, Slovenia DA - 19.06.2022 KW - Flying line thermography KW - Surface breaking defects KW - Canny approach PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55386 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kröll, Mirco T1 - Effects of harmonised procedures in tribology testing N2 - i-TRIBOMAT will provide the world's first Open Innovation Test Bed dedicated to analysing and simulating materials in tribological systems. In order to make necessary results of tribological tests comparable, harmonised ways to produce data are mandatory. Many sources influence the outcome of a Tribological test. Different approaches of institutes were evaluated in best practices via quality management tools minimising the impact on results. T2 - 7th World Tribology Congress - WTC 2022 CY - Lyon, France DA - 11.07.2022 KW - Tribology KW - i-TRIBOMAT KW - Characterisation KW - Digitalisation KW - Harmonisation KW - Round robin tests KW - Interlaboratory tests PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55317 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zabala, A. T1 - Ball-on-flat linear reciprocating tests: Critical assessment of wear volume determination methods N2 - This work presents a critical assessment of wear volume determination methods for ball-on-flat linear reciprocating sliding tribological tests. T2 - 7th World Tribology Congress - WTC 2022 CY - Lyon, France DA - 11.07.2022 KW - Wear KW - Sliding KW - Surface KW - Analysis PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55319 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lugovtsova, Yevgeniya T1 - Reconstruction of Elastic Constants of Isotropic and Anisotropic Materials using Ultrasonic Guided Waves N2 - Acoustic methods are ideally suited for determining the mechanical properties of different materials non-destructively. The availability of such methods is particularly important for fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) because their properties strongly depend on the manufacturing process and in-service conditions. Since FRPs are mostly used in thin-walled components, properties can be derived from the dispersion curves of ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs). Our approach is based on an inverse procedure in which the numerically calcu-lated dispersion curves are fitted to the measured curves. The acquisition is done by applying a broadband piezoelectric transducer (PZT) to excite and a 3D laser Doppler vibrometer (3D LDV) to record the waves. Compared to the ap-proaches based on laser excitation, the PZT provides a better signal-to-noise ra-tio because more energy is brought into the structure. Whereas the 3D LDV compared to a 1D LDV or a PZT allows capturing in-plane and out-of-plane components and thus providing more dispersion information. Since the inverse procedure requires many iterations before elastic properties are retrieved, an ef-ficient tool for the calculation of the dispersion curves is necessary. For this, the Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method is used. All in all, a good agreement between theoretical and experimental curves is demonstrated. T2 - 10th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (EWSHM 2022) CY - Palermo, Italy DA - 04.07.2022 KW - Lamb waves KW - Elastic waves KW - Fibre-reinforced polymers KW - Inverse procedure KW - Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55236 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raab, A. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Solovyev, N. T1 - Isotope signature of iron, copper and zinc in mouse models (L66 and 5XFAD) and their controls used for dementia research N2 - Introduction: The influence of copper, iron and zinc concentrations on the formation of ß-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is widely discussed in the community. The results from human and animal studies so far are mixed with some studies showing a correlation and others not. From a number of studies, it is known that disease state and isotopic composition of essential elements can be coupled. Aim: The aim of the study was to identify changes in element content and isotopic composition in two transgenic mouse models used in AD research compared to their genetic WT relatives and to establish whether element content and isotopic signature between different laboratories is comparable. Methods: ß-amyloid (5xFAD) and tau overexpressing (L66) mice together with their matching wild-types were bred at dedicated facilities in accordance with the European Communities Council Directive (63/2010/EU). Serum and brain were sampled after sacrifice and the samples distributed among the participants of the study. The tissues were acid digested for total element determination and high-precision isotope ratio determination. Element content was determined by either sector-field or quadrupole-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). For the determination of isotope ratios multi-collector ICPMS was used. Results: Total copper content was significantly higher for L66 and their matched WT compared to 5xFAD and WT. Brains of L66 mice contained more Fe in brain than their WT, Zn and Cu were not significantly different between L66 and WT. Whereas 5xFAD mice had a slightly lower Cu and slightly higher Zn concentration in brain compared to WT. The isotopic signature in brain of L66 mice for Fe was different from their controls, whereas Zn isotope ratios were influenced in 5xFAD mice compared to their WT. The Cu isotopic ratio did not seem to be influenced in either strain. In serum, the shifts were less pronounced. Conclusion: Even though neither Tau-protein nor amyloid precursor protein are known to be metal-dependent / -containing proteins, the overexpression of both influences the Fe, Cu and Zn metabolism in brain and to some extent also in serum as can be seen not only using total element determination but probably more clearly studying the isotopic signature of Fe, Cu and Zn. T2 - The International Conference of Trace Elements and Minerals (ICTEM) 2022 CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 05.06.2022 KW - Isotope ratio KW - Isotope delta value KW - Metrology KW - Alzheimer disease KW - Measurement uncertainty PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55204 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rautenberg, Max T1 - Ca-MOFs with varying fluorination degree N2 - In current Li-ion batteries electrode materials consist typically of inorganic materials, such as LiCoO2, LiNixCoyMn1-zO2, LiFePO4, Li4Ti5O12. These materials struggle with toxicity or limited mineral resources, making them expensive. Therefore, eco-friendly, sustainable, and low-cost alternatives are researched for in recent years. A series of organic compounds were investigated as electrode materials for alkali-ion batteries. Among them organic carbonyl-based materials show reversible storage of lithium- or sodium-ions. Metal terephthalates stand out with their easy synthesis, moderate operational voltage and enhanced dissolution stability compared to other organic compounds. One degradation pathway consists of the dissolution of the electrode material by HF, formed in a side reaction by water and the fluorous electrolyte. Fluorinated metal terephthalates could offer higher dissolution stability against HF and less contamination by water due to their increased hydrophobicity. The goal of this project is the synthesis and the investigation of the formation mechanism of a series of calcium-based MOFs with increasing fluorine content. For this purpose, we aimed for the construction of calcium-based MOFs with terephthalic acid (H2-pBDC), 2-fluoro-terephthalic acid (H2-2F-pBDC), 2,3,4,5-tetrafluoroterephthalic acid (H2-pBDC-F4), isophthalic acid (H2-mBDC) and 5-fluoro-isophthalic acid (H2-5F-mBDC). T2 - SFB 1349 Wintersymposium 2022 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.03.2022 KW - Mechanochemistry KW - Electrode materials KW - Fluorinated MOFs KW - In situ PXRD PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54478 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lecompagnon, Julien T1 - Thermographic testing using 2D pseudo-random illumination and photothermal super resolution reconstruction N2 - Due to the diffusive nature of heat propagation in solids, the detection and resolution of internal defects with active thermography based non-destructive testing is commonly limited to a defect-depth-to-defect-size ratio greater than or equal to one. In the more recent past, we have already demonstrated that this limitation can be overcome by using a spatially modulated illumination source and photothermal super resolution-based reconstruction. Furthermore, by relying on compressed sensing and computational imaging methods we were able to significantly reduce the experimental complexity to make the method viable for investigating larger regions of interest. In this work we share our progress on improving the defect/inhomogeneity characterization using fully 2D spatially structured illumination patterns instead of scanning with a single laser spot. The experimental approach is based on the repeated blind pseudo-random illumination using modern projector technology and a high-power laser. In the subsequent post-processing, several measurements are then combined by taking advantage of the joint sparsity of the defects within the sample applying 2D-photothermal super resolution reconstruction. Here, enhanced nonlinear convex optimization techniques are utilized for solving the underlying ill-determined inverse problem for typical simple defect geometries. As a result, a higher resolution defect/inhomogeneity map can be obtained at a fraction of the measurement time previously needed. T2 - Thermosense: Thermal Infrared Applications XLIV CY - Orlando, FL, USA DA - 05.04.2022 KW - Thermography KW - Super resolution KW - NDT KW - Material testing KW - Internal defects KW - DMD KW - DLP PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54667 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B. T1 - A Long Way of Plasma Modeling: Personal Experience N2 - Modeling is an important tool for understanding a physical phenomenon. It helps to interpret results of experiments and optimize experimental parameters for obtaining a desirable result. Modeling laser induced plasma is beneficial for many scientific and industrial fields, e.g., analytical chemistry, pulsed laser deposition, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, laser welding, additive manufacturing etc. In this presentation, a personal experience in development of a physical model of laser induced plasma will be given in a chronological sequence starting from early 2000th and until now. Over the time, the model evolved from its simple analytical form that described plasma emission spectra to its current numerical form that describes plasma dynamics, chemistry, and interaction with a substrate surface. Several examples will be given for the application of the model to practical problems such as spectroscopic chemical analysis, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and surface modification by laser ablation. T2 - XII World Conference on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy CY - Bari, Italy DA - 05.09.2022 KW - Laser induced plasma KW - CFD computational fluid dynamic KW - Plasma modeling KW - Plasma chemistry PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55669 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völker, Tobias T1 - Interlaboratory comparison for quantitative chlorine analysis in cement pastes with LIBS N2 - Concrete structures often show severe damage during their lifetime. One such damage is pitting corrosion of the steel reinforcement caused by chloride ingress into the porous concrete structure. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a promising method in civil engineering, which is used for detection of chlorine in concrete structures in addition to conventional methods of wet chemistry. To assess LIBS as a trustful analytical technique, its accuracy and robustness is carefully tested. The presentation will outline the results of the interlaboratory comparison of chlorine quantification in cement paste samples, which was carried out by 12 laboratories in 10 countries. Two sets of samples with chloride content ranging from 0.06-1.95 wt.% in the training set and 0.23-1.51 wt.% in the test sample set (“unknowns”), with additional variations in the type of cement and chlorine source (salt type) were sent to the laboratories. The overall result demonstrates that LIBS is suitable for the quantification of the investigated sample compositions: average relative bias was mostly below 15 %. Considering that the laboratories did not receive instructions on how to perform the analysis or how to process the data, the results can be evaluated as a true status quo of the LIBS technique for this type of analysis. T2 - XII Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS 2022) CY - Bari, Italy DA - 04.09.2022 KW - LIBS KW - Chlorine KW - Cement pastes KW - Interlaboratory comparison PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55680 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Oelze, Marcus T1 - Isotope reference materials N2 - The variation of isotope ratios is increasingly used to unravel natural and technical questions. In the past, the investigation and interpretation of such variations was the field of a limited number of experts. With new upcoming techniques and research topics in the last decades, such as provenance or food authenticity studies, the number of published isotope data strongly increased. Instrumental developments such as the enhancement of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers (ICP-MS) from an instrument for simple quantitative analysis to highly sophisticated isotope ratio machines influenced this process significantly. While in former times only experts in mass spectrometry were able to produce reliable isotope data, nowadays many laboratories, never been in touch with mass spectrometry before, produce isotope data with an ICP-MS. Isotope reference materials (iCRM) are indispensable to enable a reliable method validation or in rare cases even SI-traceability. The fast development and the broad availability of ICP-MS also lead to an expansion of the classical research areas and new elements are under investigation. Irrespective of the investigated element or the knowledge of the user all isotope ratio applications require reference materials either for correction of instrumental isotope fractionation, for method validation or to provide a common accepted basis as needed for delta measurements. This presentation will outline the basic principles and illustrate the urgent need for new iCRMs. Consequently, the production and certification of iCRMs will be discussed and illustrated by examples of already completed certification projects. Finally, plans for future iCRMs to be produced at BAM will be presented. T2 - ICP-MS Anwender*innentreffen 2022 CY - Leoben, Austria DA - 05.09.2022 KW - Absolute isotope ratio KW - Traceability KW - Metrology KW - Comparability KW - Uncertainty KW - Isotope reference materials KW - Delta scale PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55681 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Even, Morgane T1 - Development of a procedure for the analysis of the emissions of VVOCs – Results of a research project N2 - Since 1997, the Committee for Health-related Evaluation of Building Products (AgBB) has been developing the basis for building regulations for protection against indoor health risks that may arise when building products are used. In 2009, the AgBB decided to include relevant VVOCs in the assessment procedure. The ISO 16000-6 (2021) states that the use of the thermal desorption gas chromatography technique is appropriate for VVOCs, if adaptations are considered. However, a suitable method for the trustworthy quantification of VVOC emissions from building products and in the indoor air is still missing. This webinar will present the results of a research project on the development of a procedure for VVOC analysis: • identification of the gaps towards standardization • investigations on gas standards and the suitability of chromatography columns • investigations on sorbent combinations and water management • validation of the method and screening of VVOC emissions from building products. T2 - Webinar organized by Umweltbundesamt and BAM CY - Online meeting DA - 13.09.2022 KW - Analytical method KW - EN 16516 KW - ISO 16000-6 KW - VVOCs PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55693 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - Analytical Challenges for PFAS in Environmental Samples - Methods, Approaches and Applicability N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anionic, cationic and zwitterionic synthetic products, in which the hydrogen atoms on the carbon skeleton of at least one carbon atom have been completely replaced by fluorine atoms and which include up to 1.7 M compounds, depending on the definition. As a result of continuous and prolific use, mainly in aviation firefighting foams, thousands of industrial and military installations have been found to contain contaminated soil, groundwater and surface water. Furthermore, because of the continuous contamination through PFAS containing commercial products, effluents and sewage sludge from WWTPs have been shown to be an important source of PFAS discharge into the aquatic environment. In the last few years, legacy PFAS (≥C4) have been found in various environments, including soil, water and wastewater, and their environmental pathways have been partly described. Several long-chain PFAS species, and their respective salts are considered as persistent organic pollutants by the United Nations Stockholm Convention. These pollutants have been linked to altered immune and thyroid function, liver disease, lipid and insulin dysregulation, kidney disease, adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes, and cancer. A significant shift in the chemical industry towards production of short (C4-C7) and ultrashort (C1-C3) alternatives was observed in response to recently intensified regulations and restrictions on the use of long-chain (≥C8) PFAS. PFAS analysis in environmental samples is currently mainly done by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This efficient method is conducted in a targeted fashion analyzing a small subset of PFAS. The US EPA method for analysis of PFAS using LC-MS/MS for example currently lists 40 PFAS (≥C4). However, to get a better overview of the amount of “total PFAS,” sum parameter methods like total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay and methods based on combustion ion chromatography (CIC) are in development. CIC results in data regarding the sum of absorbable organic fluorine (AOF) or extractable organic fluorine (EOF), which can also quantify other organically bound fluorine compounds such as fluorinated pesticides and pharmaceutical. Moreover, non-target and suspect screening mass spectrometry can be used to identify novel emerging PFAS and partly unknown fluorinated compounds in environmental samples. Furthermore, to analyze ultrashort PFAS (C1-C3), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are available, but further research is needed to develop reliable and accurate methods to quantify several ultrashort PFAS in environmental samples. Additionally, for research purpose several spectroscopical methods like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fluorine K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES)spectroscopy, particular induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) spectroscopy and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are available. T2 - CleanUp 2022 CY - Adelaide, Australia DA - 11.09.2022 KW - PFAS KW - Combustion ion chromatography KW - XANES spectroscopy PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55741 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -