TY - JOUR A1 - Dariz, P. A1 - Wortmann, U. G. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Schmid, Thomas T1 - Beautiful Pietàs in South Tyrol (Northern Italy): local or imported works of art? N2 - The study, dedicated to Beautiful Pietàs conserved in South Tyrol (Northern Italy), aims to establish, for the first time, a connection between Austroalpine raw materials and the high-fired gypsum mortars constituting the Gothic figure groups in question. The origin and chronology of this stylistically and qualitatively differing ensemble have been subject of art historical debate for nearly a century. The discourse is dominated by three main hypotheses: itinerary of an Austrian artist versus itinerary of the work of art created in an artist’s workshop in Austria versus itinerary of the stylistic vocabulary via graphical or three-dimensional models. The comparison of the δ34S values and the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the gypsum mortars and Austroalpine sulphate deposits (in a compilation of own reference samples and literature data) points to the exploitation of sediments in the Salzkammergut and possibly also in the evaporite district of the Eastern Calcareous Alps, thus evidencing the import of the sculptures and not the activities of local South Tyrolean or itinerant artists. Two geochronological units are distinguishable: The Pietà in the Church St. Martin in Göflan can be assigned to Upper Permian raw material, whereas the metrologically consistent sculptures in the Church of Our Lady of the Benedictine Abbey Marienberg and in the Chapel St. Ann in Mölten correlate with deposits of the Early Triassic (or the Lower-Middle Triassic transition). The medieval gypsum mortars also differ in their mineralogical characteristics, i.e. in their geologically related minor components, as in the first case, characterised by a significant proportion of primary anhydrite, natural carbonate impurities mainly consist of calcite (partly converted to lime-lump-like aggregates), whereas in the second group dolomite (or rather its hydration products after pyrometamorphic decomposition) predominates, accompanied by celestine, quartz and potassium feldspar. The Pietà in the Cathedral Maria Himmelfahrt in Bozen turned out to be made of Breitenbrunn calcareous sandstone (Leitha Mountains, Burgenland, Austria), which is why the sample is not considered in the geochemical analysis. KW - High-fired gypsum mortar KW - Sulphur isotope KW - Strontium isotope KW - Polarised light microscopy KW - Raman microspectroscopy PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545610 DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-022-00678-6 SN - 2050-7445 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Springer Nature AN - OPUS4-54561 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kudela, P. A1 - Radzienski, M. A1 - Moix-Bonet, M. A1 - Willberg, C. A1 - Lugovtsova, Yevgeniya A1 - Bulling, Jannis A1 - Tschöke, K. A1 - Moll, J. T1 - Dataset on full ultrasonic guided wavefield measurements of a CFRP plate with fully bonded and partially debonded omega stringer N2 - The fourth dataset dedicated to the Open Guided Waves platform presented in this work aims at a carbon fiber composite plate with an additional omega stringer at constant temperature conditions. The dataset provides full ultrasonic guided wavefields. Two types of signals were used for guided wave excitation, namely chirp signal and tone-burst signal. The chirp signal had a frequency range of 20-500kHz. The tone-burst signals had a form of sine modulated by Hann window with 5 cycles and carrier frequencies 16.5kHz, 50kHz, 100kHz, 200kHz, 300kHz. The piezoceramic actuator used for this purpose was attached to the center of the stringer side surface of the core plate. Three scenarios are provided with this setup: (1) wavefield measurements without damage, (2) wavefield measurements with a local stringer debond and (3) wavefield measurements with a large stringer debond. The defects were caused by impacts performed from the backside of the plate. As result, the stringer feet debonds locally which was verified with conventional ultrasound measurements. KW - Lamb waves KW - Composite panel KW - Impact damage KW - Damage detection KW - Scanning laser Doppler vibrometry KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Non-destructive evaluation KW - Open data PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545242 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.108078 SN - 2352-3409 VL - 42 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-54524 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fiedler, Saskia T1 - Cathodoluminescence Spectroscopy of Silicon Nanoparticles N2 - The fabrication of nanostructures with ever-decreasing sizes has increased the demand of suitable characterization methods which allow to determine their shape and size at the true nanoscale, and similarly important, enable the investigation of their optical properties beyond the diffraction limit. Due to its high spectral and spatial resolution down to the (sub-) nanometer range, electron beam-based techniques, namely cathodoluminescence (CL) has become a powerful characterization tool, particularly to study plasmonic and dielectric nanostructures. However, the interpretation of the resulting spectral CL maps is not always unambiguously straightforward. In this work, Mie resonances in single Si nanospheres of different sizes have been systematically studied, using experimental CL spectroscopy and an analytical CL model. For smaller spheres (r ~ 75 nm), the eigenmodes can be unequivocally identified, with relative changes in intensity of the electric and magnetic dipole depending on the electron beam position within the sphere. However, in larger spheres (r ~ 105 nm), the modal assignment becomes increasingly difficult due to a larger number of Mie modes in the visible spectral range. Additionally, penetrating electron beams generate two radiating dipoles at the two Si interfaces – due to the electron and its image charge collapsing at those interfaces – which can, depending on the electron beam’s velocity and its path length inside the particle, produce distinct resonances or dips (constructive or destructive interference of those two radiative dipoles). It is demonstrated that superimposed on the eigenmodes of the studied nanospheres, these resonances can distort the recorded spectrum and lead to potentially erroneous assignment of modal characters to the spectral features. An intuitive analogy is developed to unambiguously distinguish those resonance induced by transition radiation from the nanoparticle-specific Mie resonances. T2 - Optoelectronic Processes at Nanostructured Interfaces 2022 CY - Bad Honnef, Germany DA - 21.03.2022 KW - Cathodoluminescence KW - Silicon nanoparticles KW - Mie resonances PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54526 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Doolette, A. A1 - Huang, J. T1 - Combining diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) and 31P NMR spectroscopy to determine phosphorus species in soil N2 - The diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique shows in many publications a superior correlation to the amount of plant-available phosphorus (P) in soil. However, this technique cannot give information on the plant-available P species in soil. Therefore, we combined DGT with solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This was achieved by using a modified DGT device in which the diffusive layer had a larger pore size, the binding layer incorporated an adsorption material with a higher capacity, and the device had a larger exposure area. The spectroscopic investigation was undertaken after elution of the deployed DGT binding layer in a NaOH solution. Adsorption tests using solutions of known organic P compounds showed that a sufficient amount of these compounds could be adsorbed on the binding layer in order for them to be analyzed by solution 31P NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, various intermediates of the hydrolysis of trimetaphosphate in soil could be also analyzed over time. KW - Phosphorus KW - Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) KW - Passive sampling KW - fertilizer PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545759 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.20068 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - e20068 PB - Wiley online library AN - OPUS4-54575 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B. T1 - Modeling Equilibrium Chemistry in Laser Induced Plasmas and Plasma Chemical Reactors N2 - A brief introduction will be given on modeling chemical reactions in laser induced plasmas using stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric approaches. Several applications will be considered, which can benefit from such modeling. Those include plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), surface modification and surface coating, and molecular analysis by LIBS. Each application will be illustrated by simulations of relevant chemical systems. For PECVD, chemical systems are BCl3/H2/Ar, BF3/H2/Ar, BCl3/BF3, Mo/BF3/H2; for surface modification/coating it is Ti/air; for molecular LIBS they are CaCO3/Ar, Ca(OH)2/Ar, and CaCl2/Ar. Advantages and shortcomings of equilibrium chemical hydrodynamic models of laser induced plasmas will be discussed. T2 - 1st NIP Conference National Institute of Physics (IKF), the Albanian Academy of Sciences CY - Online meeting DA - 10.02.2022 KW - Laser ablation KW - Laser induced plasma deposition KW - Surface coating KW - Titanium dioxide KW - Emission spectroscopy KW - Hydrodynamic model KW - Plasma chemistry PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54328 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B. T1 - Plasma Fundamentals and Diagnostics N2 - This course will provide an introduction to plasma diagnostic techniques. The major focus of the course will be on the discussions of the practical procedures as well as the underlying physical principles for the measurements of plasma fundamental characteristics (e.g., temperatures and electron number density). Particular emphasis will be placed on laser induced plasma–atomic emission spectrometry, but other analytical plasmas will also be used as examples when appropriate. Selected examples on how one can manipulate the operating conditions of the plasma source, based on the results of plasma diagnostic measurements, to improve its performance used for spectrochemical analysis will also be covered. Topics to be covered include thermal equilibrium, line profiles, temperatures, electron densities, excitation processes, temporal and spatial resolution. T2 - 2022 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY - Tucson, Arizona, USA DA - 17.01.2022 KW - Thermal equilibrium KW - Excitation processes KW - Electron number density KW - Temperatures KW - Spatial information KW - Emission line profiles PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54288 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Casali, C. A1 - Feiler, Torvid A1 - Heilmann, Maria A1 - Braga, D. A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Grepioni, F. T1 - Too much water? Not enough? In situ monitoring of the mechanochemical reaction of copper salts with dicyandiamide N2 - n situ monitoring of mechanochemical reactions between dicyandiamide (DCD) and CuX2 salts (X = Cl−, NO3−), for the preparation of compounds of agrochemical interest, showed the appearance of a number of phases. It is demonstrated that milling conditions, such as the amount of water added in wet grinding and/or the milling frequency, may affect the course of the mechanochemical reactions, and drive the reaction towards the formation of different products. It has been possible to discover by in situ monitored experiments two novel crystalline forms, namely the neutral complexes [Cu(DCD)2(OH2)2(NO3)2] (2) and [Cu(DCD)2(OH2)Cl2]·H2O (4), in addition to the previously known molecular salt [Cu(DCD)2(OH2)2][NO3]2·2H2O (1, DIVWAG) and neutral complex [Cu(DCD)2(OH2)Cl2] (3, AQCYCU), for which no synthesis conditions were available. Compounds 2 and 4 were fully characterized via a combination of solid-state techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and TGA. KW - Mechanochemistry KW - In situ PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ce01670a VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 1292 EP - 1298 PB - RSC AN - OPUS4-54344 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon, Fabian A1 - Gehrenkemper, Lennart A1 - von der Au, Marcus A1 - Wittwer, Phillip A1 - Roesch, Philipp A1 - Pfeifer, Jens A1 - Cossmer, Antje A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - A fast and simple PFAS extraction method utilizing HR–CS–GFMAS for soil samples N2 - Here, we describe an optimized fast and simple extraction method for the determination of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) in soils utilizing high resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR–CS–GFMAS). To omit the bias of the solid phase extraction (SPE) step commonly used during the analysis of extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) we optimized a fast and simple SPE-free extraction method. The developed extraction method consists of a liquid-solid extraction using acidified methanol without any additional SPE. Four extraction steps were representative to determine a high proportion of the EOF (>80% of eight extractions). Comparison of the optimized method with and without an additional SPE clean-up step revealed a drastic underestimation of EOF concentrations using SPE. Differences of up to 94% were observed which were not explainable by coextracted inorganic fluoride. Therefore, not only a more accurate but also a more economic as well as ecologic method (bypassing of unnecessary SPE) was developed. The procedural limit of quantification (LOQ) of the developed method was 10.30 μg/kg which was sufficient for quantifying EOF concentrations in all tested samples. For future PFAS monitoring and potential regulative decisions the herein presented optimized extraction method can offer a valuable contribution. KW - Per- and polyfluorinated alkly substances (PFASs) KW - High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) KW - Soils KW - Solid phase extraction (SPE) KW - Extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) KW - Solid-liquid extraction PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133922 VL - 295 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-54359 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frisch, M. A1 - Raza, M. H. A1 - Ye, M.-Y. A1 - Sachse, René A1 - Paul, B. A1 - Gunder, R. A1 - Pinna, N. A1 - Kraehnert, R. T1 - ALD-coated mesoporous iridium-titanium mixed oxides: Maximizing iridium utilization for an outstanding OER performance N2 - With the increasing production of renewable energy and concomitant depletion of fossil resources, the demand for efficient water splitting electrocatalysts continues to grow. Iridium (Ir) and iridium oxides (IrOₓ) are currently the most promising candidates for an efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic medium, which remains the bottleneck in water electrolysis. Yet, the extremely high costs for Ir hamper a widespread production of hydrogen (H₂) on an industrial scale. Herein, the authors report a concept for the synthesis of electrode coatings with template-controlled mesoporosity surface-modified with highly active Ir species. The improved utilization of noble metal species relies on the synthesis of soft-templated metal oxide supports and a subsequent shape-conformal deposition of Ir species via atomic layer deposition (ALD) at two different reaction temperatures. The study reveals that a minimum Ir content in the mesoporous titania-based support is mandatory to provide a sufficient electrical bulk conductivity. After ALD, a significantly enhanced OER activity results in dependency of the ALD cycle number and temperature. The most active developed electrocatalyst film achieves an outstanding mass-specific activity of 2622 mA mg(Ir)⁻¹ at 1.60 V(RHE) in a rotating-disc electrode (RDE) setup at 25 °C using 0.5 m H₂SO₄ as a supporting electrolyte. KW - Acidic oxygen evolution reaction KW - Atomic layer deposition KW - Electrocatalysis KW - Iridium oxide KW - Soft-templated mesoporous films PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-542651 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202102035 SN - 2196-7350 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-54265 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B. T1 - Deposition of Titanium Oxides by Nanosecond Laser Ablation: Simulation and Experiment N2 - Surface modification of titanium by laser ablation is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The modification consists in texturing the surface and redeposition of chemically transformed material from the ablation plasma. The redeposition is driven by the hydrodynamic flow in the plasma. Such surface modification improves the biocompatibility of titanium implants. T2 - 2022 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY - Tucson, Arizona, USA DA - 17.01.2022 KW - Laser ablation KW - Laser induced plasma deposition KW - Surface coating KW - Titanium dioxide KW - Emission spectroscopy KW - Hydrodynamic model KW - Plasma chemistry PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54289 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -