TY - CONF A1 - Richter, Anja A1 - Mezera, Marek A1 - Buchberger, G. A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Heitz, J. A1 - Schwibbert, Karin T1 - Laser-processing – a tool to direct biofilm formation N2 - Using nanofiber-like cell appendages, secreted proteins and sugars, bacteria can establish initial surface contact followed by irreversible adhesion and the formation of multicellular biofilms, often with enhanced resistance towards antimicrobial treatment and established cleaning procedures. On e.g. medical implants, in water supply networks or food-processing industry, biofilms can be a fertile source of bacterial pathogens and are repeatedly associated with persisting, nosocomial and foodborne infections. Nowadays, the emergence of resistances because of extensive usage of antibiotics and biocides in medicine, agriculture and private households have become one of the most important medical challenges with considerable economic consequences. In addition, aggravated biofilm eradication and prolonged cell-surface interaction can lead to increased biodeterioration and undesired modification of industrial and medical surface materials. Various strategies are currently developed, tested, and improved to realize anti-bacterial surface properties through surface functionalization steps avoiding antibiotics. In this study, contact-less and aseptic large-area short or ultrashort laser processing is employed to generate different surface structures in the nanometer- to micrometer-scale on technical materials such as titanium-alloy and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The laser processed surfaces were subjected to bacterial colonization studies with Escherichia coli test strains and analyzed with reflected-light and epi-fluorescence microscopy. Depending on the investigated surfaces, different bacterial adhesion patterns were found, ranging from bacterial-repellent to bacterial-attractant effects. The results suggest an influence of size, shape and cell appendages of the bacteria and – above all – the laser-processed nanostructure of the surface itself, emphasizing the potential of laser-processing as a versatile tool to control bacterial surface adhesion. T2 - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation Symposium 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 06.09.2021 KW - Bacterial adhesion KW - Biofilm formation KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structueres (LIPPS) KW - Laser processing PY - 2021 UR - https://www.ibbs18.org/programme AN - OPUS4-53223 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin T1 - Neue Erkenntnisse zur Deckschichtbildung von Zink an der Atmosphäre N2 - Die Untersuchungen und Ausführungen im Vortrag belegen, dass verfügbare Modellvorstellungen zur Beschreibung der Deckschichtbildung und Korrosion von Zink unter aktuellen atmosphärischen Bedingungen in Europa nicht mehr gültig sind und neu bewertet werden müssen. So können beispielsweise bisher verfügbare Prognosemodelle den Korrosionsfortschritt nicht mehr ausreichend beschreiben, da durch die Verringerung des Schwefeldioxidgehaltes der Luft veränderte Mechanismen vorliegen. T2 - Sitzung des GfKORR Arbeitskreises „Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz von Eisen und Stahl“ CY - Online meeting DA - 22.06.2021 KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion KW - Gelartige Elektrolyte KW - Deckschichtbildung KW - Zink PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52843 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seneschal-Merz, Karine A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Heidrich, Christa A1 - Sander, Christoph T1 - New UV-protective glazing for the conservation of cultural assets N2 - For centuries, churches, secular buildings and museums have been furnished with valuable works of art. Many works of art are UV- and light-sensitive. It is well known that especially UV radiation causes damage and discoloration in paintings, textiles, plastics, wood and other materials. In particular, the wavelengths between 280 and 410 nm cause color changes, embrittlement or destruction of e.g. plastics over time. Therefore, strongly UV-absorbing glasses are advantageous for architecture and are necessary for the protection of cultural assets. As restorers in all disciplines become more and more aware, the demands placed on buildings and their furnishings in terms of climate are becoming increasingly detailed and precise. The aim in each case is to preserve the valuable artwork. For some years now, the industry has been offering the protection of cultural objects by installing special UV-protective glasses. Currently, UV protection for church buildings is realized by laminated safety glass equipped with appropriate UV-protective plastic films. Technically, this always means a second pane of glass in front of the windows, which is installed outside the building. This creates climatic gaps that are difficult to control and deterioration due to ageing effects can be expected. At the same time, this protective glazing is not invisible and has a considerable aesthetic influence on the interior and exterior appearance of the building. Meanwhile, the preservation of historical monuments accepts such aesthetic cuts on buildings in order to protect the artwork in the interior from UV light. To this day, however, the long-term durability of UV protection provided by inserted plastic films is still controversial. To date the only available alternative on the market is a mouth-blown UV protection glass which uses a so-called overlay to provide UV protection. This shows that UV protection can also be achieved by glasses without plastic films thus realizing an exclusive inorganic protection which normally is more stable than a polymeric one. So far there are not enough studies to prove long-term durability. The aim of this project is to provide existing glazing or new glazing to be created with a highly transparent layer that ensures this UV-protective filter function below 400 nm. The glass coating is to be applied to the glass over a large area and fired into the surface like a classic ceramic enamel paint with the same technics. In addition, it should be long-term durable in its function. It means, that the glass has to be fused at temperatures below 630 °C during the firing process, its chemical durability has to be high, its coefficient of thermal expansion has to be as close as the one of the substrate (usually float glass) and the glass has to absorb the UV-radiation within a thin thickness (thinner as 100 µm). In this project, the long-term durability of commercial UV-protective glasses is examined. New low melting glasses containing UV-absorbing ions are being developed. Their UV-absorption as a thin layer is analyzed as well as their chemical durability and their thermal properties. We are grateful to BMWI for the financial support in the frame of the Central Innovation Programme for SMEs (ZIM). T2 - HVG-DGG: 94. Glastechnische Tagung CY - Online meeting DA - 10.05.2021 KW - Glass KW - Low melting KW - Chemical durability KW - Weathering tests KW - Aging test KW - UV absorption KW - UV protection KW - Architecture KW - Optical properties PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52648 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dinter, Adelina-Elisa A1 - An-Stepec, Biwen A1 - Wurzler, Nina A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - Development of a single cell-ICP-ToF-MS-method for multielement analysis of MIC organisms grown on solid steel samples N2 - The latest ICP-MS technology - ICP-ToF (time of flight)-MS – enables the analysis of the multi-element fingerprint of individual cells. The interface between material and environmental analysis thus receives special attention, e.g., when considering corrosion processes. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a highly unpredictable phenomenon due to the influence of the environment, microbial communities involved and the respective electron source. However, the interaction pathway between cells and the metal surface remains unclear. The development of the MIC-specific ICP-ToF-MS analytical method presented here at the single cell level, in combination with the investigation of steel-MIC interactions, contributes significantly to progress in instrumental MIC analysis and will enable clarification of the processes taking place. For this, a MIC-specific staining procedure was developed. It allows the analysis of archaea at a single cell level and provides information about the interaction of the cells with the staining agent which is extremely scarce compared to other well characterized organisms. Additionally, the single cell ICP-ToF-MS is used for the analysis of archaea involved in MIC of steel. Hence, the possible uptake of individual elements from different steel samples is investigated - the information obtained will be used in the future to elucidate underlying mechanisms and develop possible material protection concepts, thus combining modern methods of analytical sciences with materials. T2 - DAAS Doktorandenseminar 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 20.09.2021 KW - Sc-ICP-ToF-MS KW - Single cell analysis KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion KW - Archaea PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53340 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Müller, Thoralf T1 - Field exposure studies under sheltered and unsheltered conditions at different test sites in northern and eastern Germany: Update after 5 years of exposure N2 - A series of field exposure tests according to ISO 9223 up to 9226 was carried out at different locations to determine the corrosivity and the corrosion progress of different test sites throughout northern and eastern Germany. Standard test specimens of steel, zinc, copper and aluminium were exposed to rural, city and marine atmosphere at test sites of the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM). Test sites at city atmosphere comprised exposure on a rooftop, next to a highly frequented road and directly at a motorway. Exposure under marine conditions was carried out at Heligoland in the North Sea. The specimens were stored under sheltered and unsheltered conditions on each test site, respectively. Corrosion rates after the first year of field exposure were determined and used for the classification of the atmospheres and the test sites regarding the corrosivity category. Results after the first year of exposure were presented at the EUROCORR 2018 in Cracow. The current presentation will present an update of results of the systematic study after five years of exposure. The corrosion progress and the mass loss of the standard metals steel, zinc, copper and aluminium will be presented and discussed with respect to the atmospheric conditions and the time of wetness at the test sites. In addition, the difference between sheltered and unsheltered conditions will be discussed. T2 - EUROCORR 2022 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 28.08.2022 KW - Atmospheric Corrosion KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion KW - Korrosionsuntersuchungen KW - Corrosion testing PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55602 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schreiber, Frank T1 - Resistance evolution towards biocides and antimicrobial surfaces N2 - Biocides, including disinfectants and antimicrobial surfaces (AMCs), are important to prevent the spread of pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria via surfaces. However, concerns have been raised about the evolution and selection of resistance against disinfectants and AMCs. In turn, resistance against disinfectants and AMCs can be associated to antibiotic resistance due to cross-resistance and co-resistance. We need to understand the mechanisms and risks of disinfectants and AMCs for resistance and cross-resistance evolution to optimize their application and safeguard their long-term efficacy. We used adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments based on repeated exposure of bacteria to disinfectants. Our results show that repeated disinfection of E. coli with benzalkonium chloride in suspension results in a 2000-fold increase in survival within 5 exposure cycles. Adaption is linked to the initial presence of persister cells highly tolerant to benzalkonium chloride. We used the same approach to develop standardizable ALE experiments to determine resistance evolution to AMCs. The results highlight rapid adaptation of E. coli and P. aeruginosa towards copper surfaces. Moreover, there are multiple situations in the clinic or in the environment in which biocides and antibiotics co-occur and in which combination effects can shape their antimicrobial activity or their selective effects. Our work with P. aeruginosa shows prevalent combination effects of biocides and antibiotics, ranging from synergy to antagonism and resulting in the selection for or against antibiotic resistant strains. The combination effects are dependent on the biofilm mode-of-growth, manifesting in apparent differences in the structural arrangement of antibiotic sensitive and resistant strains in biofilms exposed to combinations. Furthermore, biocides affect rates of mutation and horizontal gene transfer, thereby having a potential facilitating effect on resistance evolution. Taken together, our work shows that the role of biocides as potential drivers of resistance evolution and selection deserves further study and regulative action. T2 - Eurobiofilms 2022 CY - Palma, Spain DA - 31.08.2022 KW - Antimicrobial resistance KW - Bacteria KW - Biofilms KW - Biocides KW - Antimicrobial surfaces PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55608 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Haacke, Nasrin A1 - Babutzka, Martin T1 - Vorstellung des Forschungsprojektes RUNOFF: "Neubewertung der Dauerhaftigkeit von Dach- und Fassadenmaterialien und des Eintrags von Schwermetallionen in die Umwelt hervorgerufen durch Runoff„ N2 - Der Vortrag stellt das Forschungsprojekt RUNOFF vor und geht auf das geplante Arbeitsprogramm ein. Darüber hinaus wird die Problemstellung erläutert. T2 - Klempnerfachtagung des Zentralverbands Sanitär-Heizung-Klima CY - Karlstadt a. M., Germany DA - 11.10.2022 KW - Korrosion KW - Kupfer KW - Runoff KW - Zink KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56045 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erning, Johann Wilhelm T1 - Risiken in der Trinkwasserinstallation N2 - Die neue Trinkwasserrichtlinie gibt erweiterte Vorgaben zu Risikobewertungen in der gesamtemn kette von der Aquelle zum Zapfhahn. Der Vortrag beschreibt das präventive Konzept der Risikovermeidung über bewertete Werkstoffe und das Regelwerk. T2 - 19. Erfahrungsaustausch Trinkwasserverordnung CY - Brandenburg, Germany DA - 10.10.2022 KW - Korrosion KW - Trinkwasser KW - hygienische Bewertung KW - Risikobewertung PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55981 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erdmann, Eileen A1 - Kunze, R. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Schumacher, Julia T1 - Tools for Reverse and Forward Genetics in Knufia petricola N2 - Microcolonial black fungi are inhabitants of exposed natural and man-made surfaces in all climate zones. Genetic studies are hampered by slow growth, lacking sexual cycles and difficulties to transform these fungi. Recently, we implemented CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic tools enabling efficient targeted mutations of the rock inhabitant Knufia petricola (Eurotiomycetes/Chaetothyriales) for studying stress responses, the unusual types of cell division, mineral weathering and symbiotic interactions with phototrophic microbes (Voigt, Knabe et al. 2020, Sci Rep; Erdmann et al. 2022, Front Fungal Biol). To further explore the genome of this fungus as representative of the polyphyletic group of black fungi and to assign functions to yet unknown genes, a forward genetics approach is aimed. We chose the two-component Activator/ Dissociation (Ac/Ds) transposon system from maize for generating a collection of insertional mutants by in-vivo mutagenesis. For the optimal use of this genetic tool, an inducible promoter for the expression of the Ac transposase and by this the regulatable transposition of the resistance cassette-containing Ds transposon is requested. However, endogenous promoters for nitrate assimilation and galactose catabolism that are often used in fungi for regulatable gene expression are not inducible by their substrates in K. petricola suggesting that the regulatory networks for nutrient acquisition differ significantly in the oligotrophic black fungi. Therefore, the metabolism-independent Tet-on system was adopted and validated using a Ptet::gfp construct. No GFP fluorescence was detected in absence of the inducer doxycycline (DOX) while fluorescence intensities increased with increasing inducer concentrations. Consequently, the Tet-on system is suitable for regulatable expression of endogenous and foreign genes in K. petricola. T2 - VAAM Fachgruppentagung "Molecular Biology of Fungi" CY - Kaiserslautern, Germany DA - 07.09.2022 KW - Rock-inhabiting fungus KW - Genetic tools KW - Controllable gene expression PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55678 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kotula, Stefan A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Groth, L. T1 - Zinkbeizen nach alter ISO 8407 N2 - Der Vortrag beschäftigt sich mit der Problemstellung der Entfernung von Korrosionsprodukten auf Zinkoberflächen zur Bewertung des Masseverlustes. Er diskutiert die Diskrepanzen zwischen der alten Version der ISO 8407 und der aktuellen Version. T2 - Sitzung des DIN-Gemeinschaftsarbeitskreises NA 062 01 77 01 GAK CY - Online Meeting DA - 22.09.2022 KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion KW - Deckschichtbildung KW - ISO 8407 KW - Korrosion PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55807 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -