TY - CONF A1 - Braun, U. A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Thermoanalytical methods to measure mass in microplastics N2 - The talk adresses the use of thermoanalytical methods in microplastics analysis. T2 - EUROLAB webinar: MICROPLASTICS: regulations, standards and the role of laboratories CY - Online meeting DA - 15.02.2023 KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Thermoanalytical methods KW - Microplastic mass PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57009 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meurer, Maren A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Accelerated solvent extraction to identify an accurate polyethylene mass value in microplastic analytics N2 - It is of high priority to capture the extent of microplastics (MP) contamination for understanding its impact and consequences to our environment. However, due to a lack of standardized methods, MP analysis as well as its quality assurance, is still a challenge. The thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/-mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) as a novel innovative thermoanalytic method can detect MP particles in environmental samples based on their decomposition products. According to MP analysis, a distinctively larger polyethylene (PE) content in comparison to other synthetic polymers was detected in environmental samples. Various substances within the matrix which have a similar molecular structure to PE, like fats and oils, might interfere with its marker and lead to an overestimation. In this investigation an automated extraction method, the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), is introduced as quality control tool before TED-GC/MS measurement. Thereby, not the extract like usually used, but the solid filtrate is analyzed. The aim is to clean the environmental samples from solvent removable compounds which could lead to false positive signals and thus receive a more accurate PE mass. Consequently, a sample mimicking environmental samples with a defined matrix and a known polymer mass was generated. The common polymers polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and styrene-butadiene rubber, used as an indication for tire wear, were added to the matrix. Different parameters for ASE extraction were varied such as different solvents, filters and purge time. Finally, a PE recovery rate of 91 % after extraction could be reached. T2 - Micro 2022 CY - Online meeting DA - 14.11.2022 KW - PE KW - ASE KW - TED-GC/MS PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56347 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Bannick, C. G. A1 - Kerndorff, A. A1 - Heller, C. A1 - Fuchs, M. A1 - Braun, U. T1 - Release of synthetic fibres during washing of typical household textiles: Findings from washing machine tests and resulting policy recommendations N2 - This talk summarizes the experimental setup and the results of one washing experiment under realistic conditions according to microplastic fiber release. T2 - Tackling microplastics in the environment CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 09.03.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - Fibers of textile origin KW - Washing machine KW - Microplastic fibre release PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57204 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kittner, Maria A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Beschleunigung und Hemmung - Komplexe Wechselwirkungen bei der Zersetzung von thermoplastischen PLA/PS-Blends unter realitätsnahen Umweltbedingungen N2 - Mit dem stetigen weltweiten Anstieg der Nachfrage nach Polymerprodukten nimmt auch die potenzielle Menge an Kunststoffabfällen in der Umwelt zu. Problematisch ist, dass viele der wirtschaftlich relevantesten Kunststoffe sehr lange brauchen, um in der Umwelt abzubauen, sich dort akkumulieren und in kritisch betrachtetes Makro- und Mikroplastik zu zerfallen. Auf der Grundlage des Vorsorgeprinzips fordert die Europäische Kommission daher die Entwicklung neuer polymerer Materialien, die diesem Problem der Persistenz entgegenwirken und unter natürlichen Umweltbedingungen schneller abgebaut werden können. 1,2 Um dieses Problem anzusprechen, wurden mittels additiver Fertigung Polymerblends aus photooxidationsempfindlichem Polystyrol (PS) und hydrolyseempfindlicher Polymilchsäure (PLA) hergestellt. Die Hypothese war, dass sich die beiden Thermoplaste aufgrund ihrer unterschiedlichen Abbauprozesse gegenseitig in ihrem Abbau unterstützen, wenn sie unter moderaten, realitätsnahen Umweltalterungsbedingungen (45 °C) abwechselnd der Photooxidation und Hydrolyse ausgesetzt werden. In der Praxis zeigten die Ergebnisse, dass die Degradation von PLA durch die Anwesenheit von PS deutlich beschleunigt worden ist – wohingegen die Degradation von PS gehemmt wurde. In diesem Vortrag werden die detaillierten Ergebnisse der Oberflächen- (ATR-FTIR, REM) und Bulk-Analysen (DSC, TGA, FTIR-Transmission, TED-GC/MS) der Blends sowie ergänzende Mikroplastik-Ergebnisse des umgebenden Wassermediums (TED-GC/MS) erörtert. T2 - 50. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation (GUS) CY - Online meeting DA - 23.03.2022 KW - Polymerblend KW - PLA KW - Hydrolyse KW - PS KW - Bewitterung KW - UV-Bestrahlung KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Wasser KW - Mikroplastik PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54544 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Bannick, C. G. A1 - Kerndorff, A. A1 - Heller, C. A1 - Fuchs, M. A1 - Braun, U. T1 - Welche Rolle spielen Textilien als Mikroplastik-Quelle im Abwasser? Was kann man dagegen tun? N2 - Diskutiert wird die Frage, ob Textilien gewaschen in der Waschmaschine ein Eintragspfad von Mikroplastik in die Umwelt sind. Nachgewiesen wird dies experimentell über Messungen zur Massenbestimmung mit der TED-GC/MS. T2 - DWA-Seminar: Mikroplastik in der (Siedlungs-)Wasserwirtschaft – Einordnung und Handlungsempfehlungen für die Praxis CY - Online meeting DA - 29.11.2023 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Waschmaschine KW - Polymer 3R PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59279 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Müller, A. A1 - Kittner, Maria A1 - Braun, U. T1 - Plastik in Böden: Mikroplastik-Analytik N2 - Im Vortrag wir eine Methode zur Analyse von Mikroplastik in Böden dargestellt. Es geht dabei um die Probenvorbereitung und Detektion. T2 - Fachgespräch "Plastik in Böden" CY - Online meeting DA - 28.03.2022 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Mikroplastik-Analytik KW - Methodenentwicklung Böden PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54646 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Herausforderungen bei der Mikroplastik-Analyse: Probennahme, Probenvorbereitung und Analyse N2 - Seit einigen Jahren wird in den Medien viel über das Thema Mikroplastik (MP) diskutiert. Dabei wird häufig von einer großen Anzahl an MP-Partikeln in allen Bereichen der Umwelt, wie dem Wasser, dem Boden, der Luft und in Biota sowie über mögliche Gefahren ausgehend von MP, berichtet. Jedoch sind diese Studien häufig nicht untereinander vergleichbar, da verschiedene Konzepte der Probennahme, der Aufbereitung und unterschiedliche Detektionsverfahren verwendet werden. Um diesen Mangel an vergleichbaren und aussagekräftigen Daten zu beheben, wird aktuell versucht, eine Harmonisierung der Mikroplastikanalytik voranzutreiben. Neue, schnellere Methoden zur MP Quantifizierung wurden entwickelt. Gleichzeitig werden neue Strategien zur Probenahme und Probenvorbereitung konzipiert, da hier die Fehlerquellen besonders große Auswirkungen auf das Ergebnis haben. In diesem Vortrag werden verschiedene Verfahren bezogen auf Probennahme, -vorbereitung und Analytik gezeigt und bezüglich ihres möglichen Ergebnisses diskutiert. T2 - 7. Workshop Technologieplattform Mikroverkapselung - Bioabbaubare Mikropartikel und Mikrokapseln CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 24.10.2019 KW - Mikroplastik KW - Analytik PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49395 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Goedecke, Caroline A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Bannick, C. G. A1 - Kober, E. A1 - Ricking, M. A1 - Schmitt, T. A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Detection of polymers in treated waste water using TED-GC-MS N2 - The presence of large quantities of plastic waste and its fragmentation in various environmental compartments are an important subject of current research. In the environment, (photo ) oxidation processes and mechanical abrasion lead to the formation of microplastics. However, until now, there are no established quality assurance concepts for the analysis of microplastic (<5 mm) in environmental compartments, including sampling, processing and analysis. The aim of the present work is the development of suitable examination methods and protocols (sampling, sample preparation and detection) to qualify and quantify microplastic in urbane water management systems. At first a fractional filtration system for sampling and the analytical tool, the so-called TED-GC-MS (thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry) were developed. The TED-GC-MS method is a two-step analytical procedure which consists of a thermal extraction where the sample is annealed and characteristic decomposition products of the polymers are collected on a solid phase. Afterwards these products are analysed using GC-MS. The developed fractional filtration for sampling and the TED-GC-MS for detection were used for quantitative analysis to screen the waste water influent and effluent of a Berlin waste water treatment plant for the most relevant polymers, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide (PA). The results of the study revealed that the polymeres PE, PS and PP were detected in the effluent, and PE and PS were find in the raw waste water of the sewage treatment plant in Ruhleben, Berlin. Differences in polymer types and amounts were detected at different sampling dates and within different sieve fractions. Much higher amounts of polymers were observed in the raw waste water. The peak areas of the decomposition products, used for quantification of the polymers, were adjusted using so-called response factors since the TED-GC-MS method is more sensitive for PP and PS than for PE. It has been shown that PE is the most dominant polymer in the samples. Comparing the masses of polymers in the effluent and in the raw sewage, a removal of 99 % of the polymers in the water treatment plant can be assumed. These results are consistent with the literature where removal rates between 98-99 % were described. T2 - SETAC Europe CY - Rom, Italy DA - 13.05.2018 KW - Microplastics KW - Thermogravimetry KW - Waste water KW - Chromatography PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44968 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eisentraut, Paul A1 - Dümichen, E. A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Ruhl, A.S. A1 - Jekel, M. A1 - Albrecht, M. A1 - Gehde, M. A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Analyse von Reifenabrieb in Umweltproben mit der TED-GC-MS N2 - Im Vortrag wird erstmals präsentiert, dass die von der BAM entwickelte Methode TED-GC-MS sich auch zur Analyse von Reifenabrieb in Umweltproben eignet. T2 - Wassertagung der GdCh CY - Papenburg, Germany DA - 07.05.2018 KW - TED-GC-MS KW - Mikroplastik KW - Analytik KW - Reifenabrieb PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45200 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Goedecke, Caroline A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Eisentraut, Paul A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Barthel, A. K. A1 - Bannick, C. G. A1 - Lau, P. A1 - Venghaus, D. A1 - Barjenbruch, M. A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Detection of microplastic and tire wear particles in road run-off samples using TED-GC-MS N2 - Plastics and rubber are used in many applications, such as packaging, building, construction and mobility. Due to their favourable properties like light weight, flexible processing and low costs their production and consequently their input into the environment has increased significantly over the last decades. In the environment, oxidation processes and mechanical abrasion lead to the decomposition of these plastics into small fragments, called microplastic (< 5 mm). By definition, microplastics only involve thermoplastics and duroplastics but elastomers made out of synthetic polymers (e. g. styrene butadiene rubber), modified natural polymers (e. g. natural rubber) and products of synthetic polymers (e. g. tires) are also part of the current microplastic discussion. The main entry pathway of rubber into the environment is the wear of used tire treads in road traffic. Lassen et al. showed that 60 % of the microplastic emissions in Denmark into the environment come from secondary microplastics generated by tires. Rain events can cause microplastic and rubber to get from the street into the street inlets. Depending on the sewage system, these waters are sometimes not cleaned in the sewage treatment plants and reach the surface waters untreated. To analyse microplastic particles in samples, mainly FTIR or Raman spectroscopic methods are applied at present. Rubber or tire particles in environmental samples cannot be analysed by these methods, because the added carbon black leads to annoying absorption and fluorescent effects. We developed a thermoanalytical method, the so-called TED-GC-MS (thermal extraction desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry), which allows the simultaneous detection of microplastic and tire wear with almost no sample preparation in about 2.5 h. The TED-GC-MS is a two-step analytical method which consists of a thermobalance and a GC-MS system. Up to 50 mg of an environmental sample is heated up to 600 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. During pyrolysis, between 300 and 600 °C polymer-specific decomposition products are produced and collected on a solid phase. Afterwards the substances are desorbed, separated and analysed using the GC-MS. The aim of the present work is to present the TED-GC-MS as a time efficient screening method to quantify the industrial most relevant polymers in street run-off samples. Analytical challenges in the determination of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR) as a component of tire wear are honestly discussed. The study area is a 200 m long section of the Clayallee in Berlin, a representative typical urban catchment area. The road run-off in this section flows through the gullies directly into a sample chamber, which directs the runoff in an open channel to the rainwater sewer of this area. The sample chamber allows a sample to be taken directly from the road run-off without mixing with the run-off from other areas. The sample chamber is equipped with an automatic sampler. The automatic sampler is controlled by a conductivity sensor to detect the storm event at an early stage. The sensor gives the sampler a signal to start the sampling program when it gets in contact with water and reaches a certain conductivity threshold. The capacity of the sample container is 100 l and the maximum delivery of the automatic sampler is 2.8 l/min. Afterwards, the water was pumped through various stainless-steel sieves with a diameter of approximately 20 cm and mesh widths of 500, 100, 50 μm. The obtained solids were steam sterilized, freeze-dried and measured with the TED-GC-MS. The results of the TED-GC-MS-measurements are summarized in Figure 1. It shows the polymers which were detected in 1 mg of the dry masses of various street run off samples obtained during a period of 1.5 years. We detected PMMA, PS, PP, PE and SBR, as a component of tire wear in the samples. The quantification of the polymers leads to amounts of PS, PP, PE and SBR between 0 µg and 10 µg. PMMA was only detected in traces. T2 - ICCE 2019 CY - Thessaloniki, Greece DA - 16.06.2019 KW - Microplastics KW - TED-GC-MS KW - Road run-off KW - Chromatography PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48301 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Bannick, C. G. A1 - Kerndorff, A. A1 - Heller, C. A1 - Fuchs, M. A1 - Braun, U. T1 - Welche Rolle spielen Textilien als Mikroplastik-Quelle im Abwasser? N2 - In diesem Vortrag wird die Rolle der Waschmaschine als Eintragspfad von Mikroplastik in das Abwasser diskutiert und eine experimentelle Annäherung an das Problem beschrieben. T2 - Wasserwirtschaftliches Kolloquium der TU Berlin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.12.2023 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Waschmaschine PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59278 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Waniek, Tassilo T1 - Needs, concepts and state of the art: Top-down production of reference materials for micro- and nanoplastics and their use in harmonisation processes N2 - The talk explains the top-down production of materials suitable for mircoplastics and nanoplastics and the use in ILCs. T2 - EUROLAB webinar: MICROPLASTICS: regulations, standards and the role of laboratories CY - Online meeting DA - 15.02.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - Nanoplastics KW - ILC KW - Milling PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57008 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kittner, Maria A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Hamann, S. A1 - Weyer, R. T1 - Bewertung der Freisetzung von Mikroplastik aus Sportböden auf Kunststoffbasis N2 - Projektvorstellung "Bewertung der Freisetzung von Mikroplastik aus Sportböden auf Kunststoffbasis": Konzept, Umsetzung, erste Mikroplastik-Ergebnisse. T2 - Projektbegleitkreissitzung des Projektes "„Ermittlung und Minderung von Mikroplastik- und Schadstoffemissionen von Kunststoffrasen-Sportplätzen (MiMiK)“ CY - Sittensen, Germany DA - 25.09.2023 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Kunststoffrasen KW - Lysimeter KW - Beschleunigte Alterung PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58442 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Eisentraut, Paul T1 - Mikroplastik an der BAM: TED-GC/MS und Referenzmaterialien N2 - Thema ist die Funktionsweise der TED-GC/MS als Methode für die Mikroplastik-Detektion sowie die Herstellung dazugehöriger Referenzmaterialien an der BAM T2 - 25. Kolloquium Massenspektrometrie von Polymeren CY - Online meeting DA - 17.06.2021 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Referenzmaterial PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52835 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eisentraut, Paul A1 - Dümichen, E. A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Ruhl, A.S. A1 - Jekel, M. A1 - Albrecht, M. A1 - Gehde, M. A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Analysis of tire wear particles in enviromental samples using TED-GC-MS N2 - The use of TED-GC-MS for the analysis of tire wear particles in environmental samples is presented. T2 - SETAC CY - Rome, Italy DA - 13.05.2018 KW - TED-GC-MS KW - Microplastics KW - Tire wear particles PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45204 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Harmonisation efforts of the CUSP projects N2 - The talk is about harmonisation approaches within CUSP. First the five H2020 projects for research on risk assessment regarding microplastics topic were presented. Secondly, harmonisation process were discussed. T2 - VAMAS SC 47 Meeting CY - Turin, Italy DA - 19.10.2022 KW - Microplastics KW - Harmonisation KW - Nanoplastics KW - H2020 KW - Risk assessment PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56077 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, U. A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Analysis of Microplastics in Soil: Harmonisation and Standardisation - a first approach N2 - The talk is about microplastics in soil. Some results were presented with mainly state of the art according to microplastics in standardization. T2 - International Conference Microplastics in Soils CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 19.10.2022 KW - Microplastics KW - Microplastics standardisation KW - Microplastics in soil PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56078 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Uzunlu, Büsra A1 - Ciornii, Dmitri A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Waniek, Tassilo T1 - Update – Milling and weathering of granules N2 - The talk aims to describe the production of microplastic particles as test material and the additional weathering for aged particles. T2 - PlasticsFate meeting CY - Online meeting DA - 12.11.2021 KW - Microplastic KW - Cryo milling KW - Aged particles PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53737 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kaplan, Cafer-Can A1 - Meermann, Björn A1 - Witwer, Philipp A1 - Simon, Michael Fabian A1 - Haag, Rainer A1 - Junge, Florian T1 - Evaluation of novel adsorber materials for environmentally relevant perfluorinated compounds N2 - PFAS (Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are a widespread and emerging environmental problem due to their longevity and ubiquitous spread. The common structural motif of this compound class is the fluorine – carbon bond on an alkyl backbone, which are known for their chemical inertness and combination of hydrophobicity and oleophobicity. The downside of those properties is the general lack of usable molecular interactions for adsorption to extract them from the environment. The notable exception to that inertness are fluorine – fluorine interactions, which are stronger, the longer the perfluorinated chain length is. Therefore, in this project we investigated the effect of fluorination, length and presence of a charge on the alkyl chain on an adsorber. Towards that goal, in total 16 different adsorber materials were synthesized (fluorinated/non-fluorinated; C4/ C6/ C8/ C10 ; positive charge/no charge) and tested in regard to their potential to adsorb PFOA and perfluoralkylic acids of differing chain lengths. The PFAS concentration was tested via LC-MS/MS to determine the adsorption rate on the various materials. Further work includes the transition from a target analytics to sum parameter analysis for future evaluation of adsorber materials in PFAS environmental samples like river samples. Therefore a quarterly sampling and extraction of spree surface water samples was planned. T2 - SFB 1349 Winter School 2024 CY - Międzyzdroje, Poland DA - 10.04.2024 KW - PFAS KW - Adsorber KW - Fluoruos Systems PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59892 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas T1 - Aktuelle Diskussionen aus dem Fachbeirat der BAM N2 - Im Folgenden soll über aktuelle Diskussionen und Arbeitsschwerpunkte im Fachbeirat der BAM und von der Zulassungsstelle berichtet werden. Es werden Änderungen im Zusammenhang mit der Zulassungsrichtlinie für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen vorgestellt. Es wird über die aktuelle Diskussion über die Anforderungen z. B. an metallische Sensoren für Dichtungskontrollsysteme berichtet. Änderungen der Fremdprüfung von sogenannten Sandschutzmatten, des Standards zur Qualitätsüberwachung (SQÜ) von Kunststoff Dränelementen (KDE) und der Anpassung der Formulierungen zum Überbau der in Abdichtungen verwendeten Produkte werden aufgezeigt. T2 - 20. Leipziger Deponiefachtagung CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 12.03.2024 KW - Deponie KW - Kunststoffdichtungsbahn KW - Dichtungskontrollsystem PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59894 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Iznaguen, H. A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Köppen, Robert A1 - Witt, Angelika A1 - Jung, Christian A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Oleszak, K. A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Urban, Klaus A1 - Reger, Christian A1 - Ostermann, Markus T1 - Environmental sustainability and –stability of Materials concerning the Migration of pollutants N2 - MaUS is an acronym for ”Material und Umweltsimulationen“. Plastics are in the focus of environmental politics due to their long-term behaviour and therefore to their persistence. Not only that they appear as visible contaminants in the sea and on the beach, but their unknown behaviour concerning their additives as well as the related transformation products are anxious. Therefore, we wish to establish a certified reference method to provide a method for testing plastics. Aim of this project is the development of fast motion standard reference methods for testing plastics regarding to their environmental compatibility. To establish these testing methods, we use polystyrene (PS) and polypropylene (PP) with environmental relevant brominated flame retardants, known for their persistent bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) properties. In case of PS the material contains 1 wt% of 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecan (HBCD) and in case of PP 0.1 wt% bromodiphenylether (BDE-209), which is known as a substance of very high concern (SVHC). Furthermore, we use polycarbonate (PC), which is still used as material in baby flasks and releases Bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogenic active substance. As an additional material PTFE is used for its importance as a source for two ubiquitous environmental substances (PFOS and PFOA), whose toxicological effects are still incompletely known. The focus in this current work is set on the transfer of potential pollutants out of applied materials mentioned above into environmental compartments like water or soil. Here an accelerated aging concept should be developed to shortened time consuming natural processes. For these resulting simulations we use a programmable weathering chamber with dry and wet periods and with high and low temperatures. These programmes run for several weeks and according to a defined sampling schedule we take water samples, run a clean-up procedure by SPE (Molecular imprinted polymers (MiPs) resp. polymer-based cartridges (Waters Oasis HLB)) and analyse them by HPLC-UV resp. LC-MS/MS. Of most interest in case of flame retardants are photocatalytic transformation products. Therefore, we conduct a non-target-screening resp. a suspected target-screening by LC-MS/MS and HRMS. T2 - Project meeting PlasticsEurope - BAM CY - Leverkusen, Germany DA - 06.11.2018 KW - Environmental simulation KW - Pollutants PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47026 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Iznaguen, H. A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Köppen, Robert A1 - Witt, Angelika A1 - Jung, Christian A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Oleszak, K. A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Urban, Klaus A1 - Reger, Christian A1 - Ostermann, Markus T1 - TF-Projekt MaUS: Material und Umweltsimulation N2 - Gegenstand des Projekts ist die Prüfung der Umweltbeständigkeit und -verträglichkeit von Materialien und Produkten hinsichtlich der Emission von potenziellen Schadstoffen in die Umwelt. Hierzu werden chemisch-physikalische Einflüsse (Bewitterung) und mikrobielle Beanspruchungen an Modellmaterialien evaluiert. So werden die Freisetzungsraten von Schadstoffen in Abhängigkeit der Beanspruchung beschrieben. Als Modellmaterialien kommen die Polymere Polycarbonat, Polytetrafluorethylen, Polystyrol und Polypropylen zum Einsatz. Synergistische Effekte der Bewitterungsparameter und der mikrobiologischen Beanspruchung sollen dabei ebenso betrachtet werden, wie die gezielte Alterung. Auch findet eine Beschreibung des Verhaltens der ausgetragenen Schadstoffe in den Umweltkompartimenten Boden oder Wasser statt. Hier sind mit Hilfe der zu entwickelnden Screening- und non-Target-Analyseverfahren die Transformation und der Metabolismus durch Mikroorganismen zu beschreiben. Aus den Ergebnissen sollen Korrelationen zwischen den künstlichen Alterungsverfahren und realen Szenarien abgeleitet werden, die es gestatten, Schnellprüfverfahren zu etablieren, die die Simulation der realen Beanspruchungen im Zeitraffermodell anwendbar machen. Somit sollen standardisierbare Schnellbeanspruchungs-verfahren erarbeitet werden, die als Prüfeinrichtungen etabliert werden und von externen Auftraggebern zur Prüfung der Umweltbeständigkeit und -verträglichkeit von neuen Materialien genutzt werden können. Die Umweltwirkungen (chemisch-physikalisch und mikrobiologisch) sollen so definiert eingesetzt werden, dass eine reproduzierbare Prüfung möglich wird. Aus diesen Verfahren und Methoden sollen Normen abgeleitet werden, die eine standardisierte Materialprüfung ermöglichen. T2 - Projektmeeting BAM - Covestro CY - Leverkusen, Germany DA - 29.05.2018 KW - Umweltsimulation KW - Schadstoffaustrag PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47025 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Köppen, Robert A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Ostermann, Markus A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Reger, Christian A1 - Westphalen, Tanja T1 - Environmental sustainability and –stability of materials concerning the migration of pollutants N2 - In addition to previously reported results on the accelerated weathering of polystyrene samples (PS) containing 1 wt. % hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), we present the first results of our investigations of polypropylene samples (PP) containing 0.1 wt. % BDE-209. All studied polymer samples were exposed to a defined weathering schedule in a climate chamber in accordance to regulation EN ISO 4892-3:2006. For the determination of BDE-209 in the collected raining water the samples were prepared in accordance to a validated protocol. Before the analyses each sample was spiked with isotopically labeled BDE-209. Subsequently the samples were extracted with isooctane. The obtained extracts were concentrated, and the resulting solutions were analyzed by GC/MS. Additionally, the total bromine content was monitored for the weathered and untreated samples using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) as a non-destructive and rapid method. In general, the resulting data from the accelerated weathering will be compared to those from the natural weathering experiments. Here, the surfaces of the test pieces were analyzed by LA-ICP-MS and XRF as well. Moreover, soil bed tests were conducted in a well characterized model soil. This soil (boulder-clay, sand with 12 % loam, particle size in total 0.2-4 mm) is filled in a free-draining basin inside of an air-conditioned cellar. In this manner, TOC, water capacity and humidity are recorded parameters. To induce a leaching process from the samples by the raining water, the target water content is calculated to 8%. The actual humidity is measured by a tensiometer, assuring the duration of the raining period. A defined humidity is a fundamental parameter for a biological activity in the soil. The test polymers were placed up to the half in the soil. Microbial activity of the soil is monitored by a reference polymer (polyurethane) and should induce the release of HBCD and BDE-209 out of the test materials. These released analytes will be captured by passive samplers (silicone tubes) placed in a distinct distance to the polymer samples in the soil. The soil bed experiments are complementary to the weathering experiments due to the biological activity in the soil. T2 - Goldschmidt 2019 CY - Barcelona, Spain DA - 18.08.2019 KW - Pollutants KW - Environmental simulation KW - Migration PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49803 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Köppen, Robert A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Ostermann, Markus T1 - Changes in polymer surface morphology and leaching of brominated flame retardants induced by different weathering scenarios N2 - In addition to previously reported results on the accelerated weathering of polystyrene samples (PS) containing 1 wt.% hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), we present the first results of our investigations of polypropylene samples (PP) containing 0.1 wt.% BDE-209. All studied polymer samples were exposed to a defined weathering schedule in a climate chamber in accordance to regulation EN ISO 4892-3:2006. For the determination of BDE-209 in the collected raining water the samples were prepared in accordance to a validated protocol. Before the analyses each sample was spiked with isotopically labeled BDE-209. Subsequently the samples were extracted with isooctane. The obtained extracts were concentrated, and the resulting solutions were analyzed by GC/MS. Additionally, the total bromine content was monitored for the weathered and untreated samples using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) as a non-destructive and rapid method. In general, the resulting data from the accelerated weathering will be compared to those from the natural weathering experiments. Here, the surfaces of the test pieces were analyzed by LA-ICP-MS and XRF as well. Moreover, soil bed tests were conducted in a well characterized model soil. This soil (boulder-clay, sand with 12 % loam, particle size in total 0.2-4 mm) is filled in a free-draining basin inside of an air-conditioned cellar. In this manner, TOC, water capacity and humidity are recorded parameters. To induce a leaching process from the samples by the raining water, the target water content is calculated to 8%. The actual humidity is measured by a tensiometer, assuring the duration of the raining period. A defined humidity is a fundamental parameter for a biological activity in the soil. The test polymers were placed up to the half in the soil. Microbial activity of the soil is monitored by a reference polymer (polyurethane) and should induce the release of HBCD and BDE-209 out of the test materials. These released analytes will be captured by passive samplers (silicone tubes) placed in a distinct distance to the polymer samples in the soil. The soil bed experiments are complementary to the weathering experiments due to the biological activity in the soil. T2 - ANAKON 2019 CY - Münster, Germany DA - 25.03.2019 KW - BFR KW - LA-ICP-MS KW - XRF KW - Polymer PY - 2019 N1 - Folien in deutscher Sprache, Votrag, Titel und Abtract in englischer Sprache AN - OPUS4-49796 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Iznaguen, H. A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Köppen, Robert A1 - Witt, Angelika A1 - Jung, Christian A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Oleszak, K. A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Urban, Klaus A1 - Reger, Christian A1 - Ostermann, Markus T1 - Bewitterungsszenarien im Vergleich – Veränderungen in der Oberflächenmorphologie von Polypropylen (PP) und Polystyrol (PS) unter dem Aspekt des Austrags von polybromierten Flammschutzmitteln N2 - In addition to previously reported results on the simulated aging of polystyrene samples (PS) containing 1 wt. % hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), we present the first results of our investigations of polypropylene (PP)-samples containing 0.1 wt. % BDE-209. All studied polymer samples were exposed to a defined weathering schedule in a climate chamber in accordance to regulation EN ISO 4892-3:2006.For the determination of BDE-209 in the collected rain water samples derived from the used climate chamber, the samples were prepared in accordance with a validated protocol. Before the analyses, each sample was spiked with 2 µL of isotopically labeled BDE-209 (13C10-BDE-209) to serve as internal standard (ISTD) in the performed stable isotope dilution analysis. Subsequently the samples were extracted with isooctane, the obtained aliquots of the extracts were concentrated to 200 µL and 2 µL of the resulting solution were injected to the GC/MS for quantification. Additionally, the total bromine contents are monitored for the aged and untreated samples using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) as well as X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) as non-destructive and rapid method. Furthermore, results from surface analysis using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) for morphological characterization of the aged and untreated samples were presented and discussed. In general, the resulting data from the accelerated aging will be compared to those from the natural weathering experiments (“atmospheric exposure”, in soil). The atmospheric exposure was performed by placing the samples on a weathering rack, which is aligned in SW direction (in a 45° angle to the horizon). The weathering data were regularly recorded by Deutscher Wetterdienst at this site. The surfaces of the test specimens (aged and stored references) were analyzed by ESEM as well as by LA-ICP-MS and by XRF. The surface of PS and PP specimens aged outdoors present the aging under real conditions and allow the comparison to the accelerated aged specimens by means of the weathering chamber. This way, we explore the efficiency of the accelerated aging procedure, which provides the advantage of well-defined and reproducible conditions compared to natural weathering, as a tool for testing different plastic materials. Additionally “in soil” experiments were conducted in-door in a well characterized testing soil. The soil (boulder-clay, sand with 12 % loam, particle size in total 0.2-4 mm) is filled in a free-draining concrete basin inside of an air-conditioned room. In this manner, TOC, water capacity and humidity are recorded parameters. To assure a washing out process from the samples by the raining water, the target water content is calculated to 8%. The actual humidity is measured by a tensiometer, assuring the duration of the raining period. The water content is additionally monitored by weight of the basin, capturing water from raining periods. The correct humidity is a fundamental parameter for biological activity. Samples of PS resp. PP were of dimension 10x1cm and 5 specimens were placed up to the half in the soil per basin. Microbial activity of the soil, monitored by the reference polyurethane, sets HBCD resp. BDE-209 of the samples free and will be leached from the samples by raining water. Thereafter these will be captured by passive samplers placed in a distinct distance to the samples in the soil. The “in soil” experiments are complementary to the weathering experiments due to the biological activity in the soil. These experiments simulate the fate of the brominated flame retardants in the biosphere. N2 - Gegenstand der vorzustellenden Arbeiten ist die Prüfung der Umweltbeständigkeit und -verträglichkeit von Materialien und Produkten hinsichtlich der Emission von potenziellen Schadstoffen in die Umwelt. Hierzu werden chemisch-physikalische Einflüsse (Bewitterung) und mikrobielle Beanspruchungen an Modellmaterialien evaluiert. So werden die Freisetzungsraten von Schadstoffen in Abhängigkeit der Beanspruchung beschrieben. Als Modellmaterialien kommen die Polymere Polystyrol (PS) und Polypropylen (PP) zum Einsatz, die jeweils mit polybromierten Flammschutzmitteln (PBFSM) versehen sind. Synergistische Effekte der Bewitterungsparameter und der mikrobiologischen Beanspruchung sollen dabei ebenso betrachtet werden, wie die gezielte Alterung. Auch findet eine Beschreibung des Verhaltens der ausgetragenen Schadstoffe in den Umweltkompartimenten Boden oder Wasser statt. Hier sind mit Hilfe der zu entwickelnden Screening- und non-Target-Analyseverfahren die Transformation und der Metabolismus durch Mikroorganismen zu beschreiben. Auch soll mit Hilfe der RFA und der LA-ICP-MS die Abreicherung der PBFSM in den Modellmaterialien beschrieben werden. Aus den Ergebnissen sollen Korrelationen zwischen den künstlichen Alterungsverfahren und realen Szenarien abgeleitet werden. T2 - 47. Jahrestagung der GUS 2018 CY - Stutensee - Blankenloch, Germany DA - 21.03.2018 KW - Polypropylen KW - Polystyrol KW - Flammschutzmittel KW - XRF KW - LA-ICP-MS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47024 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stephan, Ina A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Pilze als Besiedler von Kulturgut: Wechselwirkungen mit Material erkennen und einschätzen N2 - Mikroskopische Pilze, die sich schnell auf verfügbaren Oberflächen ausbreiten können und die wir (wenn sie sich ansammeln), auch mit bloßem Auge erkennen können, werden Schimmelpilze genannt. Da diese Organismen verschiedene organische Kohlenstoffverbindungen als Nahrung benutzen, werden sie sich bei wachstumfördernden Feuchtigkeitsbedingungen in Bibliothekbeständen schnell ausbreiten können. Im Vortrag werden Haupteigenschaften aller Pilze, sowie auch aktuelle Methoden der Identifizierung dieser Organismen erörtert. Benutzung geeigneter Lebendkulturen als Referenzorganismen geben der Materialprüfung und -forschung eine Möglichkeit des reproduzierbaren Experimentierens mit verschiedenen Materialien und Simulation von Bedingungen im Gebrauch. Vorteile unserer Testverfahren sind: (i) Zeitraffung und Kontrollierbarkeit der Umweltparameter; (ii) Benutzung einer naturnahen Vergesellschaftung; iii) gezielte Variationen der Prüfbedingungen im Labor. Ziel dieser Untersuchungen ist einerseits biogene Schäden an neuen Materialien zu verfolgen und zu modellieren, und damit eine bessere Planungsgrundlage für die Materialentwicklung anzubieten. Andererseits werden mit den Referenzorganismen mikrobiologisch moderne und zeitraffende Techniken angeboten, die neue Behandlungsmethoden oder Pflegeverfahren für die Bestandserhaltung erwarten lassen. T2 - 8. Tag der Bestandserhaltung CY - Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany DA - 27.09.2018 KW - Kulturgut KW - Pilz KW - Schimmel KW - Bestandserhaltung PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46293 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schreiber, Frank A1 - Stephan, Ina T1 - Development of a laboratory method to assess resistance development of microorganisms to biocides – An update N2 - This presentation describes the development of a laboratory method to assess resistance development of microorganisms to biocides and antimicrobial surfaces. T2 - The International Biodeterioration Research Group (IBRG) autumn meeting 2022 CY - Online meeting DA - 11.10.2022 KW - Antimicrobial resistance KW - Antimicrobial coating KW - Standardization KW - Biocides KW - Risk assessment PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56264 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schreiber, Frank A1 - Stephan, Ina T1 - Development of a laboratory method to assess resistance development of microorganisms to biocides N2 - Bacteria are exposed to biocides through surface disinfection or by antimicrobial surfaces. These stressful environments provide a strong selective pressure for bacteria to adapt. Here, we describe the development of a laboratory method to assess adaption of bacteria by resistance development in response to surface disinfection and antimicrobial surfaces. T2 - The International Biodeterioration Research Group (IBRG) Spring Meeting 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 28.06.2021 KW - Antimicrobial resistance KW - Antimicrobial coating KW - Standardization PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53164 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schreiber, Frank A1 - Stephan, Ina T1 - Development of a laboratory method to assess resistance development of microorganisms to biocides N2 - Bacteria are exposed to biocides through surface disinfection or by antimicrobial surfaces. These stressful environments provide a strong selective pressure for bacteria to adapt. Here, we describe the development of a laboratory method to assess adaption of bacteria by resistance development in response to surface disinfection and antimicrobial surfaces. T2 - OECD, 5th Meeting of the Working Party on Biocides CY - Online meeting DA - 26.05.2021 KW - Antimicrobial resistance KW - Antimicrobial coating KW - Standardization PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53163 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Mikroplastik Detektion mit Thermoanalytischen Methoden: Analytik, Referenzmaterial, Ringversuche N2 - Ich dem Vortrag geht es um die Vorstellung von thermoanalytischen Methoden für die Mikroplastik-Detektion. Verschiedene Kopplungsmöglichkeiten werden gezeigt und die Funktionsweise der TED-GC/MS wird erklärt. Im zweiten Teil werden Referenzmaterialien für die Mikroplastik-Analytik diskutiert. PET -Tabletten des PlasticTrace Projektes werden vorgestellt. Am Ende wird der VAMAS Ringversuch zur Mikroplastik-Detektion gezeigt. T2 - Plastik, Mikroplastik, Nanopartikel, PFAS und Verunreinigungen (Agilent Workshop) CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 28.05.2024 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Polymer 3R KW - Ringversuche KW - Referenzmaterial PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60155 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Oberbeckmann, Sonja A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - On the intersection of microbiome and material research: what can be achieved? N2 - Any surface in the environment acts as hotspot for microbial attachment and activity. These biofilms represent the interface between humans and the environment. While in the past biofilms were often seen as disturbance, we now start to understand the enormous potential of beneficial biofilms. They can be used in a broad range of applications and are sources for new microorganisms and traits. After all, biofilms represent a great example for a collaborative lifestyle. T2 - Bioeconomy Changemakers Festival, Hereon CY - Teltow, Germany DA - 14.03.2024 KW - Biofilm KW - Microbiome KW - Sustainability KW - Biosphere KW - Microplastics PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60202 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Oberbeckmann, Sonja T1 - The Microplastic Microbiome N2 - Microplastics represent man-made and newly emerging surfaces in our ecosystems, where they interact with microorganisms. The ecosystem in focus of this presentation will be the aquatic environment. It will be portrayed, which microorganisms use microplastics as a habitat, how environmental factors shape this colonization, and why the biodegradation of plastics in the ocean is an overall unlikely process. We will also discuss whether potentially pathogenic microorganisms use microplastics as a raft. Finally, possible adaptation mechanisms of plastic-colonizing microorganisms will be presented, such as the production of photoreactive molecules. The microplastic microbiome has a large potential to harbor so far unknown species with curious traits, representing an exciting research topic for the future. T2 - Geomicrobiological and Geochemical Colloquium, GFZ CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 20.02.2024 KW - Microplastics KW - Microbiome KW - Biofilm PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60203 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nordholt, Niclas A1 - Schreiber, Frank A1 - Kanaris, Orestis T1 - Consequences of BAC tolerance for selection and evolution in the presence of antibiotics N2 - The exposure to antimicrobial substances drives the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. Biocides are antimicrobials used as disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives. They find application on a large scale in the industrial and medical sector, but also in private households. In terms of mass, the worldwide use of biocides exceeds that of antibiotics. Thus, despite their important role in preventing the spread of pathogens, due to their ubiquity, biocides are suspected to be drivers of the antimicrobial resistance crisis. In our work at BAM we try to understand how biocides contribute to the emergence of AMR, what the underlying adaptation principles and mechanisms are and how they compare to those found for antibiotics. Within our group, I mainly focus on the following two questions: How does phenotypic heterogeneity in bacteria affect the ability to survive treatment with biocides? And what are the consequences of phenotypic heterogeneity for the evolution of resistance to biocides and antibiotics? I will share published and unpublished results which demonstrate that phenotypic heterogeneity can enable the survival of biocide treatment and, through this, facilitate the evolution of AMR. On the other hand, we find that adaptation to a biocide can unexpectedly impair the ability to evolve resistance against an antibiotic. T2 - FEMS summer school for postdocs 2022: Microbial Evolvability Mechanisms: Resistance, Biology, and Strategies to Defeat and Detect CY - Split, Croatia DA - 27.04.2022 KW - Disinfection KW - Biocides KW - Evolution KW - Resistance KW - Biocide tolerance PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54846 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nordholt, Niclas T1 - The disinfectant glutaraldehyde induces antibiotic tolerance underpinned by phenotypic heterogeneity and transcriptome remodeling N2 - Glutaraldehyde is widely used as a disinfectant and preservative, but little is known about its effects on bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics and the selection of tolerant phenotypes. We found that short-term exposure to sub-inhibitory levels of glutaraldehyde makes E. coli resistant to high doses of bactericidal antibiotics from different classes. This tolerance is associated with delayed, heterogeneous regrowth dynamics and global transcriptome remodeling. We identified over 1200 differentially expressed genes, including those related to antibiotic efflux, metabolic processes, and the cell envelope. The cells entered a disrupted state likely due to the unspecific mode-of-action of glutaraldehyde. Despite this unregulated response, we identified several differentially expressed genes not previously associated with antibiotic tolerance or persistence that induce antibiotic tolerance when overexpressed alone. These findings highlight how the unspecific mode-of-action of disinfectants can make bacteria temporarily resistant to antibiotics. They have implications for settings where disinfectants and antibiotics are used in close proximity, such as hospitals and animal husbandry, and for the selection dynamics of tolerant pheno- and genotypes in fluctuating environments where microorganisms are exposed to these substances, such as sewage systems. A trade-off arises from overcoming the disrupted state as quickly as possible and maintaining antibiotic tolerance. T2 - µClub Seminar Series CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.05.2023 KW - Glutaraldehyde KW - Biocides KW - Tolerance KW - Bacteria KW - Disinfection KW - Heterogeneity PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58031 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Seeger, Stefan A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Forschungsprojekte an der BAM N2 - Übersicht über die laufenden Projekte der BAM mit Bezug zur Nano-Thematik. Der Fokus liegt auf der Entwicklung der OECD-Prüfrichtlinie zur Partikelgrößenverteilung und auf den Projekten, die einen Anknüpfungspunkt für die anderen Bundesoberbehörden bilden könnten. T2 - Behördenklausur zur Nanosicherheit 2019 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.06.2019 KW - Bundesoberbehörden KW - Nano KW - Behördenklausurtagung PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49575 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - Regulatory Trends in the EU for Chemicals and Nanomaterials N2 - The presentation gives an overview on existing and upcoming REACH regulations in the EU concerning nanomaterials. T2 - BAM - JBMIA (Japan Business Machine and Information System Industries Association) Meeting, JBMIA Emissions Working Group Meeting CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 04.05.2019 KW - Nanomaterials KW - REACH KW - EU regulations PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47814 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raysyan, Anna A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Flow-through membrane-based enzyme immunoassay (MBA) and fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) of AFB1 for quality assessment of pharmaceutical substances and medical herbs N2 - Background. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxic low-molecular-weight secondary fungal metabolite produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus not only at pre-harvest time but also at post-harvest stages including storage. AFB1 was classified as a Group I carcinogen by the World Health Organization for Research on Cancer in 1993. AFB1 is able to naturally contaminate medicinal plants and therefore causing serious health issues for humans consuming the related medicine. This study aimed to develop an efficient fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and for the first time a rapid (5-10 min), low-cost, and simple membrane-based flow-through immunoassay (MBA) for determination of AFB1 in medical herbs based on a monoclonal antibody. Methods. Two different techniques for AFB1detection in medical herbs (Herba Orígani vulgáris, Folia Urticae, Fructus Rubi idaei) were developed and compared, namely an easy-to-use semi-quantitative flow-through membrane-based enzyme immunoassay (MBA), and a homogeneous method which needs no separation or washing steps (assay time 10 min), a quantitative fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). Results. A cut-off level of the developed MBA can vary wide from 0.8 ppb to 1 ppb. The FPIA method showed a linear working range of 8.6 ppb to 64 ppb, IC50 of FPIA is 24 ppb. The results were in good correlation with the ELISA results (IC50 = 0.1 ppb). LC–MS/MS was used to confirm the results, too. Conclusion. MBA can be used for a quick on-site AFB1 detection in medical herbs (Herba Orígani vulgáris (Oríganum vulgáre), Folia Urticae (Urtíca dióica), Fructus Rubi idaei (Rúbus idáeus)), the developed test does not require special equipment and is not time-consuming (5-10min), includes several simple steps and can be performed directly on-site. The major advantages of the developed FPIA are its simplicity and suitability for a rapid screening of a large number of samples. T2 - The XXIIIth International Congress Phytopharm 2019 CY - Saint-Petersburg, Russia DA - 01.07.2019 KW - ELISA KW - AFB1 KW - Medicinal plants KW - MBA KW - FPIA PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49931 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Kunz, Valentin A1 - Schneider, Markus A1 - Nymark, Penny A1 - Grafström, Roland A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Combining surface analytic and toxicity data for safer nanomaterials N2 - Nanomaterials are present in our everyday life. Paint coats, sunscreens, catalysts and additives for tyres are good examples for the use of such materials in mass-market products. The problem of the safety of nanomaterials is recognized as a problem for health and environment, which lead to the special registration of nanomaterials according to an annex of REACH as of 2020. But a great problem for the risk assessment of nanomaterials that several factors could influence the hazardous nature of them. Additional to composition, crystal structure, size and shape the surface properties of such particles belong to these parameters for risk assesment. The reason for the relevance of the surface is obvious: the smaller the particle, the higher is the share of the surface. Additionally, the surface is the region of the particle which interacts with the surrounding which is another crucial factor for the understanding the effect of a nanomaterial on health and environment. In the OECD Testing Programme on Manufactured Nanomaterials exists consequently an Endpoint 4.30 Surface Chemistry in Chapter 4. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. In summary, there is obviously a need for a correlation between surface chemical analytic data and toxicity. To fill in this gap, we present surface analytic results obtained with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and correlate them with cytotoxic data gain by high-throughput screening experiments. It must be noted, that these experiments were done at the same set of titania materials taken from the JRC (Joint Research Centre of the European Union) Nanomaterials Repository. As material TiO2 was chosen due to its widespread use in consumer products, e.g. paint coats and sunscreens. With this new approach a better understanding of the influence of surface properties on the toxicity can be expected leading to a better risk assessment of these materials. T2 - ECASIA 2019 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 15.09.2019 KW - Risk assessment KW - Nanomaterials KW - Surface analytic KW - Toxicology PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49090 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Fischer, D. A1 - Fischer, F. A1 - Ivleva, N. A1 - Witzig, C. A1 - Zumbülte, N. A1 - Braun, U. T1 - Results of the Plastic in the environment comparative test N2 - The talk describes the sturcture and the results of the "plastics in the environment" comparative test of 2019. T2 - Symposium "Challenges of microplastic analysis – Bridging state of the art and policy needs” CY - Online meeting DA - 09.09.2021 KW - Microplastic KW - Comparative test KW - ILC PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53236 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Selina A1 - Kanaris, Orestis A1 - Nordholt, Niclas A1 - Schreiber, Frank T1 - Effect of biocides on the evolution and spread of resistance N2 - Biocides used as material preservatives are in contact with various environments during direct application or passive leaching from protected materials [1]. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem and the environment is an important compartment for the evolution and transmission of AMR [2,3]. Soil is an environment with a large reservoir of natural microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Those natural microbial communities are frequently exposed to biocides used as material preservatives. Previous studies have shown that antibiotics, metals and pesticides affect the underlying processes of resistance evolution and spread; namely de novo mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer by conjugation and transformation in microbial communities. However, it is unknown if active substances used in material preservatives are involved in these processes. We show that biocides used as material preservatives affect rates of mutation and conjugation in microorganism in a species- and substance-dependent manner, while rates of transformation are not directly affected. Our data highlights the importance of assessing the contribution of material preservatives on AMR evolution and spread in the environment. T2 - RokoCon2022 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 29.09.2022 KW - Biocide KW - Antimicrobial resistance KW - Tolerance KW - Horizontal gene transfer KW - Mutation rate PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56431 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Burkert, Andreas A1 - Lehmann, Jens A1 - Müller, Thoralf T1 - Bedingungen für den schadensfreien Einsatz von nichtrostenden Stählen N2 - Unter Passivität versteht man den Korrosionsschutz durch dünne, festhaftende Schichten aus Korrosionsprodukten. Für den schadensfreien Einsatz nichtrostender Stähle ergeben sich daraus zwei grundsätzliche Anforderungen. Erstens muss sich die Passivschicht vollständig ausbilden können. Dabei sind die Oberflächenausführung, die mechanische Bearbeitung, die Elementverteilung, Ausscheidungen, die Wärmeeinbringung z.B. bei der schweißtechnischen Verarbeitung, Anlauffarben, sowie die chemische Nachbehandlung bzw. Konditionierung der Oberflächen von großer Bedeutung. Zweitens muss die Repassivierung von Defektstellen unter den Einsatzbedingungen möglich sein. Für das Repassivierungsvermögen sind die Legierungszusammensetzung, mögliche kritische Betriebszustände, prozessbedingte Besonderheiten, wie etwa Stagnationsbedingungen und Reinigungsprozesse von Bedeutung. T2 - Nichtrostende Stähle - Eigenschaften und Anwendungen CY - Dusseldorf, Germany DA - 11.06.2024 KW - Korrosion KW - Passivität KW - Dauerhaftigkeit KW - Schadensursachen PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60298 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Übersicht zu Projekten bei DIN/ISO, VAMAS und CCQM N2 - Information der AG-Nano der Bundesoberbehörden zur Strukturierung und den laufenden Aktivitäten bei ISO und DIN sowie VAMAS und CCQM. T2 - Behördenklausur Nano der Bundesoberbehörden CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.09.2022 KW - Nano KW - Bundesoberbehörden KW - Behördenklausurtagung PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56757 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nordholt, Niclas T1 - The disinfectant glutaraldehyde induces antibiotic tolerance underpinned by a Disrupted Cellular State and Heterogenous Regrowth Dynamics N2 - Glutaraldehyde is widely used as a disinfectant and preservative, but little is known about its effects on bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics and the selection of tolerant phenotypes. We found that short-term exposure to sub-inhibitory levels of glutaraldehyde makes E. coli resistant to high doses of bactericidal antibiotics from different classes. This tolerance is associated with delayed, heterogeneous regrowth dynamics and global transcriptome remodeling. We identified over 1200 differentially expressed genes, including those related to antibiotic efflux, metabolic processes, and the cell envelope. The cells entered a disrupted state likely due to the unspecific mode-of-action of glutaraldehyde. Despite this unregulated response, we identified several differentially expressed genes not previously associated with antibiotic tolerance or persistence that induce antibiotic tolerance when overexpressed alone. These findings highlight how the unspecific mode-of-action of disinfectants can make bacteria temporarily resistant to antibiotics. They have implications for settings where disinfectants and antibiotics are used in close proximity, such as hospitals and animal husbandry, and for the selection dynamics of tolerant pheno- and genotypes in fluctuating environments where microorganisms are exposed to these substances, such as sewage systems. A trade-off arises from overcoming the disrupted state as quickly as possible and maintaining antibiotic tolerance. T2 - Molecular Mechanisms in Evolution (GRS) Gordon Research Seminar CY - Easton, Massachusetts, USA DA - 24.06.2023 KW - Glutaraldehyde KW - Biocides KW - Tolerance KW - Bacteria KW - Disinfection KW - Heterogeneity KW - Antibiotics KW - AMR PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58032 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gerrits, Ruben A1 - Pokharel, R. A1 - Breitenbach, Romy A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Wirth, R. A1 - Schuessler, J. A. A1 - Benning, L. G. A1 - von Blanckenburg, F. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Feldmann, Ines T1 - Olivine weathering by the genetically amenable rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola A95 N2 - In arid sun-exposed environments, rock-inhabiting fungi dominate microbial communities on rock surfaces. Fungi are known to enhance rock weathering, although the exact mechanisms are not completely understood. These natural processes can be simulated by reproducible experimental systems. Particularly attractive are genetically amenable rock-weathering fungi, where certain traits can be knocked-out to identify weathering-relevant functions. Here, we studied the effect of the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola A95 and its melanin-deficient mutant (ΔKppks) on the weathering of a Fe-bearing olivine. We examined the olivine dissolution kinetics and looked at the olivine-fungus interface. For the former we inoculated olivine powder with the fungus in batch and mixed flow reactors and analysed the medium solution by ICP-OES, for the latter biofilm-covered olivine sections from flow-through reactors were analysed by FIB-TEM. In general olivine dissolution was lower when olivine was incubated without fungi: the abiotic olivine dissolution rates were lowest and the surface of the abiotically reacted olivine sections showed no etching. Various chemical analyses show Fe (oxyhydr)oxide precipitation on top of the abiotically reacted olivine, indicating its role in inhibiting olivine dissolution. Both the wild type (WT) and ΔKppks solubilised and bound significant amounts of Fe released by olivine dissolution. Fe (oxyhydr)oxide precipitation was thus reduced, explaining the enhanced olivine dissolution in their presence. Particularly efficient at preventing Fe precipitation were attached WT cells: the inhibition of olivine dissolution almost completely disappeared. The attachment capacity of the WT is most likely caused by the production of WT-specific extracellular polymeric substances. Our presented experimental systems allowed the precipitation of Fe (oxyhydr)oxides and included a rock-inhabiting fungus and thus simulated weathering processes relevant to natural ecosystems. T2 - ISEB 2019 CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 23.09.2019 KW - Olivine KW - Weathering KW - Fungus PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49585 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nordholt, Niclas A1 - Schreiber, Frank T1 - Phenotypic heterogeneity in disinfection: sources and consequences for antimicrobial resistance N2 - A summary of projects here at BAM which investigate the influence of phenotypic heterogeneity on the outcome of disinfection and the influence on antimicrobial resistance. This presentation was given in the Theory Seminar of the Quantitative and Theoretical Biology group of Prof. Oliver Ebenhöh at HHU Düsseldorf T2 - Theory Seminar in the Quantitative and Theoretical Biology group at HHU Düsseldorf CY - Düsseldorf, Germany DA - 24.02.2022 KW - Disinfection KW - Biocides KW - Heterogeneity KW - Resistance PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54442 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ronen, A. A1 - Panglisch, S. A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Leube, Peter A1 - Ben Efrain, R. A1 - Nir, O. A1 - Chaudhary, M A1 - Futterlieb, M. T1 - Detection, Quantification and Treatment of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Groundwater N2 - The research project focuses on tackling the detection, measurement, and elimination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from polluted groundwater, with a particular emphasis on addressing short (C4-C7) and ultrashort (C1-C3) chain PFAS. Given the widespread use of PFAS in various products, they are commonly found in groundwater near industrial and military sites in Germany and Israel. Moreover, recent regulations limiting the use of long chain PFAS have led industries to shift towards shorter chain alternatives. Hence, our efforts are geared towards refining detection, quantification, and removal methods for short and ultrashort chain PFAS. In terms of detection, ww are developing passive sampling devices capable of collecting and tracking the temporal distribution of PFAS species in groundwater. This will enable us to analyze contaminations in German and Israeli groundwater using cutting-edge analytical techniques. Additionally, contaminated groundwater will undergo a two-stage treatment process aimed at concentrating the relatively low PFAS concentrations using innovative membrane technologies such as closed-circuit reverse osmosis and mixed matrix composite nanofiltration membrane adsorbers. Subsequently, the streams containing higher PFAS concentrations will be treated through coagulation, with the remaining PFAS being adsorbed onto carbonaceous nanomaterials. The outcome of this research will include the creation of advanced tools for detecting, measuring, and eliminating PFAS from polluted groundwater, while also enhancing our understanding of the scope of these contaminations. T2 - German Israeli Water Technology Status Seminar CY - Koblenz, Germany DA - 18.06.2024 KW - Ground water KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Remediation PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60328 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - VOC-Emissions from thermoplastic filaments for 3-D-printing N2 - Summary: A screening test for potential emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) was run on different thermoplastic filaments used for 3D printing. The method of direct thermal desorption was used to simulate the high temperatures during the 3D printing process and to identify the main compounds emitted from the filaments. A large number of unexpected compounds were detected that might affect the user’s health and have an impact on indoor air chemistry. Introduction: The use of desktop 3D printers is increasing. Compared to other devices with known emissions, e.g. laser printers, there is still a lack of information on possible emissions of VOC and ultrafine particles during operation and the effect on indoor air quality. Most of the commercially available desktop 3D printers operate with a molten polymer deposition. For this process a solid thermoplastic filament is heated in an extrusion nozzle. Most filaments for desktop 3D printers use either acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polylactic acid (PLA) as filament. Alternatives are polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or polycarbonate (PC). Method: Eight different thermoplastic filaments for 3D printers were analysed by direct thermal desorption followed by GC-MS identification of the emitted substances. Direct thermal desorption was done by desorbing 5 mg of the feedstock for 1 minute at a temperature of 210°C. This is an average temperature for 3D printing with thermoplastic filaments. Results and conclusions: The comparison of the 4 different filament groups showed the highest overall emissions from ABS, followed by PLA, PC and PVA. Filament ABS 2 emitted mainly SVOCs and triphenyl phosphate, the latter has the highest emission for a single compound from all evaluated filaments. Thermoplastic filaments are a new source of VOC emissions due to the high temperatures associated with 3D printing, which can reach up to 270°C. Some of the detected compounds like lactic acid, lactide and bisphenol A have never been described before in the indoor environment. Additionally some of the main substances could not be identified and some others might have the potential to affect the indoor air chemistry. The appearance of some newly detected compounds raises concerns about potential health effects for the users of 3D printers at home. T2 - 20th Conference | Odour and Emissions of Plastic Materials CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 20.03.2018 KW - VOC KW - Emissions KW - 3D printing KW - Thermoplastic filaments PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44551 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bucar, K. A1 - Zitnik, M. A1 - Stabile, L. A1 - Ozan, J. A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - Performance of a Sharp GP2Y low-cost aerosol PM sensor N2 - Simple particulate matter sensors are gaining popularity due to their low price, easy handling and good temporal resolution. In this presentation, we report on the performance of a Sharp optical PM sensor GP2Y1010AU0F, which costs less than 15 €. The sensor is built around an infrared emitting diode (ILED) and a phototransistor detecting the light scattered from the aerosol particle. An electronic circuit shapes the detected light in a pulsed signal. The manufacturer advises sampling the output signal 280 microseconds after the ILED pulse. The measured output voltage is an indicator of dust concentration. We have built two identical simple PM monitoring devices using Raspberry Pi 3 computer interfacing the PM sensor with Microchip’s MCP3002 ADC via SPI. The ADC is capable of more than 100 ksamples/s at 10-bit resolution. The Rpi3 was pulsing the sensor at 10Hz, digitizing and saving the data and sending the results wirelessly. Sensor’s output pulse shape was sampled with 10 microsecond time steps and saved, thus making offline analysis possible. A time jitter of output pulses can be observed and suggests a peak fitting as a better approach to the signal readout compared to the single sampling at a fixed time after pulse triggering We compared both methods. T2 - European Aerosol Coference EAC 2019 CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 25.08.2019 KW - Aerosol KW - Low cost aerosol PM sensor KW - PM PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49581 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - VOC, Fine and Ultrafine Particles Emissions from Additive Manufacturing and 3D-Printers N2 - The presentation gives an overview on Additive Manufacturing techniques and related potential risks from emission of hazardous gases and aerosols, based on emission characterizations in BAM. Voluntary mitigation strategies are presented T2 - BAM - JBMIA (Japan Business Machine and Information System Industries Association) Meeting, JBMIA Emissions Working Group Meeting CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 04.05.2019 KW - 3D Printing KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Particulate emissions KW - Emissions of hazardous gases KW - Filament comparison PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47812 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - UBA Projects on Particulate Emissions from Laser Printers N2 - The presentation gives an overview on past and ongoing projects in BAM on laser printer particulate emissions, funded by the German Environment Agency (UBA) in order to further develop award criteria for the Blue Angel ecolabel for office machines T2 - BAM - JBMIA (Japan Business Machine and Information System Industries Association) Meeting, JBMIA Emissions Working Group Meeting CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 04.05.2019 KW - Laser Printer KW - Particulate emission KW - Blue Angel ecolabel KW - Office machines PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47811 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -