TY - CONF A1 - Frenzel, Olivia T1 - Identification of transformation products and metabolites of selected Bisphenols N2 - Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in many Polymers. Many outdoor applications are made from BPA-based materials which are exposed to a variety of environmental impacts, like temperature, solar radiation, rain, and others. This could lead to damaging and aging of the material which might cause leaching or migration of pollutants into the environment. To understand the fate and behavior different transformation products of selected Bisphenols will be generated and analyzed. T2 - Umwelt2022 CY - Emden, Germany DA - 05.09.2022 KW - Environment KW - Bisphenols KW - Transformation products KW - Metabolites KW - Wastewater PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56203 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - ILC on Laser diffraction - preliminary results N2 - This presentation addresses an interlaboratory comparison on size of polymeric particles (microplastics) measured by laser diffraction. Two microplastic particles were measured separately and once as mixture. Evaluation was done with Fraunhofer and Mie. Here, the first results are presented. T2 - CUSP Annual Meeting CY - Utrecht, Netherlands DA - 12.09.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - Laser diffraction KW - Polymer 3R KW - Size distribution KW - Polymer size PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58318 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wen, Keqing T1 - In situ analysis of biofilm formation under different flow regimes with the help of a microfluidic platform N2 - Bacteria often live in habitats characterized by fluid flow, which is ubiquitous in a diverse range of environments such as surface waters, wastewater treatment facilities, pipelines, and medical implants. Bacterial adhesion on surfaces may lead to biocorrosion and biodegradation. In comparison to traditional static and macro flow chamber assays for biofilm formation studies, microfluidic chips allow in situ monitoring of biofilm formation and biofilm related gene expression under various flow regimes. We developed a complete microfluidic platform to investigate biofilms under precisely controlled flow conditions. This platform central unit is a single-inlet microfluidic flow cell with a 5 mm wide chamber tested and analyzed by imaging tracking velocimetry (PIV) to achieve ultra-homogenous flow in the central area of the chamber. Additionally, dedicated microstructures were introduced to the chamber’s center to favor and localize bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation pattern. The flows and vortices induced by the structure were analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and related to shape and dimension of the biofilm formed by Escherichia coli TG1. The major proteinaceous component of E. coli biofilms are extracellular amyloid fibers (curli) consisting of major (CsgA) and minor (CsgB) subunits. We used the promotor probe plasmid pRU1701 to monitor csgB-promotor activity under different flow regimes in complex and minimal medium. For comparison, csgB promotor activity in a batch liquid culture and curli production on LB and M9 agar plates were assessed. The microfluidic platform represents a powerful and versatile tool for studying biofilm in flow. The setup shows great potential for the yet not too much explored in flow monitoring of biofilm formation and related gene expression under hydrodynamic stresses. T2 - International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation Symposium (IBBS) 19 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 09.09.2024 KW - Microfluidics KW - Biofilm KW - Escherichia coli KW - Curli PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61911 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erdmann, Eileen T1 - In-vivo mutagenesis of the rock inhabitant Knufia petricola by a customized Ac/Ds transposon system N2 - Microcolonial black fungi ubiquitously inhabit sun-exposed natural and man-made surfaces of our planet. To promote genetic studies, CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing was implemented in the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola (Eurotiomycetes/ Chaetothyriales). Now efficient targeted mutagenesis of K. petricola - as a representative of the polyphyletic group of black fungi - enables the elucidation of extremotolerance, oligotrophism, unusual types of cell division, mineral weathering and symbiotic interactions. Even more progress on assigning functions to yet unknown genes can be achieved by a forward genetics approach. We chose the two-component Activator/Dissociation (Ac/Ds) transposon system from maize for generating K. petricola insertional mutants by in-vivo mutagenesis. For the optimal use of this genetic tool, an inducible promoter i.e, from the metabolism-independent Tet-on system, was combined with the AcTPase-coding sequence enabling the regulatable transposition of the resistance cassette-containing Ds transposon. In total, six auxotrophic Ac/Ds starter strains containing the Ds transposon at different position of ade2, ura3 or ppt1 were generated. The cultivation of these strains with doxycycline for induction of TET::Ac and subsequent selection of cells on ADE/URA/LYS-lacking media resulted in prototrophic colonies (revertants) for most Ac/Ds strains. Amplicon sequencing of excision sites revealed characteristic footprint patterns, proving that the transposon jumped. For identifying unknown Ds re-insertions sites, the thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL)-PCR was successfully implemented. First identified Ds re-insertion sites suggest that the distribution pattern may depend on the excision site. Currently, transposition frequencies and genome-wide distribution of re-insertion sites are studied in different Ac/Ds starter strains to identify the best candidate for generating saturated mutant libraries. This transposon mutagenesis strategy is also interesting for studying other black fungi, because once the Ac and Ds components are integrated in the genome, the fungus ‘only’ needs to be cultivated for generating insertional mutants. T2 - IUBMB Focused Meeting on Extremophilic Fungi (FUN-EX) CY - Ljubljana, Slovenia DA - 19.09.2023 KW - Black fungi KW - Genetics KW - Transposon KW - Mutagenesis PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58427 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - van den Berg, A. A1 - Adriaans, K. A1 - Hoppener, E. A1 - Parker, L. A1 - Boersma, A. A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Legler, J. A1 - Pieters, R. T1 - Inflammation-related key events stimulated by micro- and nanoplastics N2 - The presence of micro- and nanoplastic particles (MNP) in our environment has raised increasing public and political concern. Increasing evidence suggests that humans are exposed to these MNP, mostly via inhalation or ingestion. The EC-Horizon project POLYRISK (https://polyrisk.science) aims to establish an IATA/AOP-based tiered approach to assess human health risks of MNP. In our research, we focus on assessing immunotoxicological effects of MNP. We have tested a series of primary, secondary, environmentally aged (incubated in River Rine water) and chemically altered MNP for their potential to affect dendritic cells or macrophages. MNP used in this study include primary and weathered PS, secondary PVC, PA, PP (with or without talc) and PE. The secondary PE and PP (w/o talc) particles appeared to have oxidized groups on their surface. Data shows that MNP can be engulfed by macrophages (PMA-stimulated human THP1 cells) and human blood-derived dendritic cells (DCs). The effects of virgin as well as secondary MNP (0, 10 or 100 μg/ml) on THP1 macrophages were limited to decrease of mitochondrial activity (Alamar blue), increase of cellular leakage (LDH), and stimulation of lysosomal activity. None of these MNP stimulated gene expression of NFκB or release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β). On the other hand, secondary PP and PE with oxidized surface groups did increase NFκB gene expression and release of cytokines by THP1 macrophages. Virgin and weathered PS particles were tested using DCs, and only weathered PS did stimulate DC activity (increased costimulatory molecules CD83, CD86) and as consequence allogeneic T cells. DC activation appeared to result from environmental contaminants. In conclusion, of all MNPs tested only those that contained active surface groups or environmental components appeared to be immunostimulatory, whereas primary and secondary MNP rather reduced macrophage activity and viability (at relatively high concentrations of 100 μg/ml). Further research is needed to reveal molecular mechanisms and to translate in vitro findings to real-world exposure scenarios. T2 - 58th Congress of the European Societies of Toxicology (EUROTOX 2024) CY - Copenhagen, Denmark DA - 08.09.2024 KW - Micro- and nanoplastic particles (MNP) KW - Human health risks KW - Immunotoxicological effects PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.07.052 AN - OPUS4-63363 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Influence Of Brine Precipitates On Materials Performance In Geothermal Applications N2 - Significant Cu-deposition and precipitation only occurred in combination with carbon steel. High-alloyed materials prevent the disturbing Cu-agglomeration. Pb-deposition and precipitation only occurred in combination with carbon steel. No negative Pb-effect could be observed in combination with high-alloyed steels. High alloyed corrosion resistant alloys are suitable and shall be chosen for future design of the piping system, either in massive or in cladded form, to prevent unwanted interactions with brine components. T2 - AMPP Annual 2023 Conference CY - Denver, CO, USA DA - 19.03.2023 KW - Geothermal KW - Electrochemistry KW - Copper KW - Lead KW - Corrosion PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57237 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Innovation und Sicherheit durch Einsatz von Duplexstählen in Straßentunneln N2 - Es werden die Ergebnisse eines mehrjährigen Forschungsvorhabens der BAM in Zusammenarbeit mit Straßenbauverwaltungen der Länder und Industriebeteiligten zur betriebstechnischen Ausrüstung von Straßentunneln präsentiert. Schwerpunkte waren die Bestimmung der Korrosivität der Atmosphäre von 3 ausgewählten Straßentunneln, die Analyse korrosionsrelevanter Ablagerungen und von Klimadaten. Die Auswirkungen dieser Einflussgrößen auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von Konstruktionen aus nichtrostenden Stählen wurde ermittelt und in Abhängigkeit verschiedener Einflussparameter dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse der systematischen Untersuchungen an Prüfköpern decken sich mit Beobachtungen an realen Bauteilen. Spaltbehaftete Konstruktionen aus Werkstoffen der CRC III führen demnach in Zeiträumen zwischen 10 und 15 Jahren zu Korrosionserscheinungen, welche die technische Sicherheit beeinträchtigen können und die erwartete Dauerhaftigkeit nicht erfüllen. Die Folge sind zusätzliche Sperrungen und ein vorzeitig notwendiger Unterhaltsaufwand, die erhebliche Kosten verursachen. Im Ergebnis ist eine Überarbeitung des aktuellen Regelwerkes erforderlich, um die angestrebte Dauerhaftigkeit von 30 Jahren zu gewährleisten. T2 - Sitzung ISER Marketingausschuss CY - Dusseldorf, Germany DA - 24.04.2024 KW - Korrosion KW - Straßentunnel KW - Dauerhaftigkeit KW - Nichtrostender Stahl PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59955 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - Investigating the Thermal Decomposition of PFAS in a Full-Scale Commercial Hazardous Waste Incinerator N2 - Incineration is currently the only commercial full-scale technology available to destroy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in large solid and liquid waste streams. Given previous experience of dioxin formation during halogenated waste incineration, concerns about the emission of products of incomplete destruction (PIDs) from PFAS incineration exist. The overarching objective of this project is to track the fate of fluorine during full-scale hazardous waste incineration in order to demonstrate the readiness, viability, and level of safety for thermal PFAS destruction in various waste streams. The specific objectives of this project are (1) to enhance our understanding of key variables and conditions on PFAS incineration performance, (2) to identify major PIDs under insufficient treatment conditions, (3) to explore the catalytic role of fly ash and other process-relevant surfaces in thermal PFAS decomposition, and (4) to determine the potential formation of polyfluorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans. T2 - CEN/TC 264/WG48 Symposium - Emissions and ambient air - Determination of PFAS CY - Düsseldorf, Germany DA - 16.07.2025 KW - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Incineration PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63714 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Deland, Eric A1 - Kleinbub, Sherin T1 - Is Methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (Mi-MIC) underestimated? N2 - The role of methanogens in microbiologically influenced corrosion (Mi-MIC) is often neglected, due to 1) low reported corrosion rates and 2) the suspected corrosion product siderite, which is electrically non-conductive. Typically, MIC corrosion studies are carried out using batch cultures, which did not represent the dynamic conditions, i.e. pipeline and provide insufficient information on the overall corrosion potential. We established a unique approach, a multiport flow column (MFC), to simulate pipeline conditions and obtained 10-times higher corrosion rates than previously published. Our result showed that testing procedures have a large impact on the corrosive potential of methanogens. We found strong indications with a combination of ToF-SIMS, SEM-EDS and FIB-SEM analyses that siderite is not the sole corrosion product. The corrosion layers contain phosphorus, oxygen, magnesium, calcium and iron. To verify and deepen our understanding of Mi-MIC, we are currently studying the influence of other environmental parameters (e.g. pH) on Mi-MIC. T2 - VAAM 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 18.03.2021 KW - Methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion KW - Carbon steel KW - MIC Island PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54042 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - ISO 27913 - Example For Successful Standardization Activities In The Field Of CCUS N2 - Since 2016 ISO Technical Committee (TC) 265 is working on standardization the whole CCS-process chain. Around 30 countries are working together to provide international guidelines. As ISO 27913 was the first standard finished within these activities it is already in the stage of first revision. The objective of ISO 27913 is “to provide specific requirements and recommendations on certain aspects of safe and reliable design, construction and operation of pipelines intended for the large-scale transportation of CO2 that are not already covered in existing pipeline standards such as ISO 13623, ASME B31.8, EN 1594, AS 2885 or other standards. Existing pipeline standards cover many of the issues related to the design and construction of CO2 pipelines; however, there are some CO2 specific issues that are not adequately covered in these standards. The purpose of this document is to cover these issues consistently. Hence, this document is not a standalone standard, but is written to be a supplement to other existing pipeline standards for natural gas or liquids for both onshore and offshore pipelines.” This contribution shall provide information on the content, the current stage of the revision process, encourage to contribute to this standard and make listeners aware to consider the influence of ISO standard on documents currently in draft. T2 - AMPP's Annual Conference + Expo 2024 CY - New Orleans, LA, USA DA - 02.03.2024 KW - Corrosion resistant materials KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Corrosion prevention KW - Standardization KW - CCUS KW - CCS KW - CCU PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59736 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - It's just a point of view – Destructions and creations of cultural objects by artifact pests N2 - Woodworms, carpet beetles, clothes moths and termites are well known pests on artifacts of cultural importance. Lately also silverfish have gained importance. Protection of our cultural heritage for future generations is not a new task but the methods have changed. Conventional use of pesticides in the past has preserved precious objects up to the presence, which otherwise probably would have been lost over time due to the destruction by insects and microbes. However, several of the objects were contaminated with poisons in such a manner that they became unsafe to be handled and thus are useless for exhibitions or scientific studies. Today, the concept of Integrated Museum Pest Management (IMPM) provides guidance for non-residue treatments of infested objects, followed by save storage or display under pest free (or maximum pest reduced) environments. Inert fumigants, physical and biological control measure, precise monitoring, threshold evaluations and detailed knowledge of the pest`s biology are key elements within IMPM. Woodworms, clothes moths and termites, however, are not always considered as only pests. Some professionals have also used them to produce new pieces of art or for the installation of ephemeral displays. Under more or less controlled conditions, the insects´ destructive nature on wood or textiles has been turned around to a process of creation with aesthetic or philosophical messages. Destructive or creative - it just depends on the point of view! T2 - XII European Congress of Entomology CY - Heraklion, Greece DA - 16.10.23 KW - Museum Pests KW - Integrated Museum Pest Management (IMPM) KW - Cultural Entomology PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58651 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumacher, Julia T1 - Knufia petricola – a model for exploring the biology of black rock-inhabiting fungi N2 - Black fungi also called black yeasts, rock-inhabiting fungi or microcolonial fungi are a group of Ascomycetes [Eurotiomycetes, Arthoniomycetes and Dothideomycetes] that exhibit high stress tolerance, yeast‑like or meristematic growth, and constitutive 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin formation. They dominate a range of hostile natural and man‑made environments – from desert rocks and salterns to dishwashers, roofs, and solar panels. Due to their slow growth and the lack of sexual cycles and genetic tools, the underlying mechanisms of black fungi’s phenotypic traits have remained largely unexplored. We consider the rock inhabitant K. petricola [Eurotiomycetes, Chaetothyriales] a suitable model for studying the phenotypic characteristics of black fungi. With K. petricola the regulation of pigment synthesis, general stress responses and the unusual modes of cell division can be dissected by advanced reverse and forward genetics approaches. The genome of K. petricola strain A95 was sequenced using a combination of short high quality Illumina reads and long PacBio reads. The final assembly consists of twelve contigs: five complete chromosomes and six contigs with one telomer each. Gene annotation supported by transcriptomics and proteomics data was manually curated. Recently, we developed a set of genetic tools to manipulate the genome for analyzing gene functions and studying the cell biology. This set includes CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing and live-cell imaging using genetically encoded fluorescent proteins, as well as protocols for -omics approaches and for simulation of mineral weathering in the laboratory. Mutants defective in DHN melanogenesis, carotenogenesis or both processes are currently studied to elucidate the role of these protective pigments in tolerance of natural and man-made stresses, weathering of olivine, penetration of marble, and adhesion to surfaces. Further, the established protocols and knowledge gained from K. petricola form a starting point for making other extremotolerant black fungi accessible to genetic manipulation. T2 - 31st Fungal Genetics Conference CY - USA, CA, Pacific Grove DA - 15.03.2022 KW - Black fungi KW - Melanin KW - Genome editing PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54585 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Klein, Ulrich T1 - Korrosion an Rohren aus ferritischem Stahl 1.4521 N2 - An Trinkwasserrohren aus ferritischem Stahl (1.4521) sind bei einigen größeren Bauvorhaben massive Korrosionsschäden aufgetreten. Die Leckagen treten ausschließlich durch Spaltkorrosion in Pressverbindungen auf, wo konstruktionsbedingt ein mit Wasser gefüllter Spalt zwischen der Rohr-Außenseite und dem Pressfitting gebildet wird. Im Vortrag werden die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse aus verschiedenen Schadensfällen der jüngeren Vergangenheit vorgestellt. T2 - GfKORR e.V. Arbeitskreis Schadensanalyse CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 09.03.2024 KW - Spaltkorrosion KW - Chromstahl KW - Trinkwasser PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60098 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wagner, Adrian T1 - Korrosionsuntersuchungen in Erdböden N2 - Das korrosionsverhalten von metallenen Werkstoffen in Erdböden besitzt unter Betrachtung der Dauerhaftigkeit sowie aus wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten eine entscheidende Bedeutung. Um zu überprüfen, ob ein metallener Werkstoff für eine bestimmte Bodenklasse geeignet/ beständig ist, müssen oftmals elektrochemische Korrosionsuntersuchungen im Boden durchgeführt werden. Da sich natürliche Böden aufgrund ihrer organischen Bestandteile mit der Zeit verändern, sind die Ergebnisse der Korrosionsuntersuchungen nicht reproduzierbar. Ziel dieser Untersuchungen ist es, künstliche Böden herzustellen, die aufgrund ihrer Eigenschaften (Bodenparameter) Bodenklassen der DIN 50292-3 zuzuordnen sind um zukünftig reproduzierbare Ergebnisse im Labor generieren zu können. T2 - 15. Sitzung des NA 062-01-77 AA "Korrosionsprüfverfahren" CY - Online meeting DA - 28.10.2020 KW - Korrosionsuntersuchungen in Böden KW - DIN 50929-3 KW - Deckschichtwiderstand KW - Auslagerungsversuch KW - Korrosion PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51521 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Kultureller Ursprung sprachinvasiver Schadinsekten N2 - Unsere Alltagssprache bedient sich so manchem Vorbild aus der Welt der Insekten. In Sinnsprüchen, Sprichwörtern, Redewendungen und Zitaten finden dabei Schadinsekten besonders häufig Verwendung und dies meist in Form der Allegorie als wichtiges rhetorisches Gestaltungsmittel. Redensarten sind ein sprachliches Spiegelbild gelebter Kultur, was den Vergleich mit anderen Sprachen interessant macht. So hat jede Sprache ein charakteristisches Portfolio von ihnen, die sinnverwandt sein, aber auch zu Missverständnissen führen können. Die eng mit uns Menschen verbundenen Lebensweisen von Vorrats- und Materialschädlingen einschließlich der lästigen Fliegen bieten dafür die geschichtliche und kulturelle Basis. T2 - 22 Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Vorratsschutz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.11.2024 KW - Schadinsekten KW - Kultur KW - Sprache PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61651 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schannor, Mathias T1 - LA-MC-ICPMS analysis of Cu isotopes in biological material N2 - Stable metal isotopes receive increasing attention as medical biomarkers due to their potential to detect changes of the metal metabolism related to disease. Potential mechanisms causing isotope fractionation include biological processes that involve redox- or bond-forming reactions and interaction of metals during transmembrane import and export. In order to advance our understanding of the underlying processes responsible for isotope fractionation between normal and diseased cells, we need in situ, spatially resolved methods. Despite its frequent use, laser ablation - multi-collector - inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICPMS) analysis of biological material is severely limited by the scarcity of matrix-matched standards. Such matrix-matched standards are necessary to correct for instrumental sources of isotope fractionation such as particle size distribution, ablation physics and differential ionization. Copper stable isotopes have proven to be a particularly powerful tool to identify differences in isotope composition between tumors and healthy tissue suggesting application in cancer diagnosis [1, 2]. To further our knowledge of Cu isotope fractionation processes induced by diseases we have developed gelatin-based bracketing standards allowing to correct instrumentally induced isotope fractionation during LA-MC-ICPMS analysis. Since gelatin properties resemble properties of protein-rich cellular material, they mimic biological matrices and their ablation behaviour. Hence, gelatin standards are spiked with known amounts of Cu stable isotopes of a known Cu isotope composition and used as matrix-matched bracketing standard. A Ni reference solution was aspirated to the plasma to allow for mass bias correction and laser energy densities were below the glass ablation threshold. The method achieved reproducibilities of better than 0.10‰ (2SD) for inorganic reference materials and reproducibilities of better than 0.17‰ (2SD) for biological reference materials. The developed routine is tested on biomedical samples and the in situ Cu isotope data will be presented. T2 - European Workshop on Laser Ablation CY - Gent, Belgium DA - 01.07.2024 KW - Laser Ablation KW - Reference Material PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60594 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schannor, Mathias T1 - LA-MC-ICPMS analysis of Cu isotopes in healthy and tumorous liver tissue N2 - Stable metal isotopes receive increasing attention as medical biomarkers due to their potential to detect changes of the metal metabolism related to disease. Potential mechanisms causing isotope fractionation include biological processes that involve redox- or bond-forming reactions and interaction of metals during transmembrane import and export. In order to advance our understanding of the underlying processes responsible for isotope fractionation between normal and diseased cells, we need in situ, spatially resolved methods. Despite its frequent use, laser ablation - multi-collector - inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICPMS) analysis of biological material is severely limited by the scarcity of matrix-matched standards. Such matrix-matched standards are necessary to correct for instrumental sources of isotope fractionation such as particle size distribution, ablation physics and differential ionization, which currently restrict the application of LA-MC-ICPMS in isotope metallomics. Copper stable isotopes have proven to be a particularly powerful tool to identify differences in isotope composition between tumors and healthy tissue suggesting application in cancer diagnosis [1, 2]. To further our knowledge of Cu isotope fractionation processes induced by diseases we have developed gelatin-based bracketing standards allowing to correct instrumentally induced isotope fractionation during LA-MC-ICPMS analysis. Since gelatin properties resemble properties of protein-rich cellular material, they mimic biological matrices and their ablation behaviour. Hence, gelatin standards are spiked with known amounts of Cu stable isotopes of a known Cu isotope composition and used as matrix-matched bracketing standard. A Ni reference solution was aspirated to the plasma to allow for mass bias correction and laser energy densities were below the glass ablation threshold. The method achieved reproducibilities of better than 0.10‰ (2SD) for inorganic reference materials and reproducibilities of better than 0.17‰ (2SD) for biological reference materials. We will present in situ Cu isotope data of an hepatocellular carcinoma animal model comparing healthy and tumorous liver tissue. T2 - Isotope Metallomics Workshop Venice CY - Venice, Italy DA - 21.05.2024 KW - Laser Ablation KW - Reference Material PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61595 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rossi, A T1 - Lactose Tablets as Suitable Microplastics Reference Material to Support Validation Studies and Quality Control N2 - One of the main challenges in validating microplastics detection methods is the lack of suitable reference materials that accurately reflect the properties of interest. To bridge this gap, the EU-funded PlasticTrace project has developed water-soluble tablets containing precisely defined amounts of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles. Each tablet includes a specific mass (0.2, 18.5, or 400 µg) and particle count (151 or 1764, measured via Raman spectroscopy). Production follows a rigorous solid-phase dilution process, ensuring high reproducibility and quality control. The PET particles used in these tablets have an average size of approximately 40 µm, with a range between 10 and 200 µm, and an irregular, stone-like shape. All measurements align with ISO/TC 147/SC 2 standardization efforts and adhere to ISO/DIS 16094-2 and ISO/DIS 16094-3. To assess tablet homogeneity, the most widely accepted microplastics detection techniques, i.e. µ-FTIR, µ-Raman, Py-GC/MS, and TED-GC/MS, were applied. Different batches were produced, each containing varying particle numbers and masses, reaching the detection limits of the methods used. The results demonstrated excellent consistency between tablets, successfully passing homogeneity tests. Furthermore, no significant changes were observed in the tablets' composition or stability after six months of storage. This innovative reference material represents an important advancement in microplastics analysis, supporting laboratories in meeting EU Commission requirements for the monitoring of microplastics in drinking water and wastewater with greater accuracy and reliability. The production process can be transferred for other plastic particles is this size range. T2 - BERM 16 CY - Halifax, Canada DA - 01.06.2025 KW - Microplastics KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Reference materials KW - Raman microscopy PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63403 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Traub, Heike T1 - Laser Ablation ICP-ToF-MS to investigate the interaction of MRI contrast agents with extracellular matrix components N2 - Non-specific Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have long been routinely used in clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the interaction of such contrast agents with tissue components is not yet fully understood. Alongside cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important component of mammalian tissue. It is a three-dimensional network of macromolecules that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Many diseases, including inflammation, fibrosis, and tumour invasion, are associated with characteristic ECM changes. The ECM consists of structural proteins (e.g., collagen, elastin) and proteoglycans, which are composed of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) covalently linked to a protein core. GAGs are long, linear polysaccharides consisting of repeated disaccharide units widely varying in molecular mass, disaccharide structure, and sulfation degree. Characteristic of GAGs is their ability to form complexes with cations such as lanthanides. Thus, GAGs could be a potential binding partner for GBCA molecules as a whole or for dechelated Gd. Currently, there are still many unanswered questions about the interaction of contrast agents with ECM components. This study therefore investigated the uptake and distribution of different GBCAs in spheroids that mimic biological tissue and have different ECM expressions. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and GAG-depleted CRL-2242 cells were used to prepare spheroids. These were then incubated for several minutes with gadolinium chloride and various linear and macrocyclic GBCAs. Cryosections of the spheroids were used for imaging measurements with a low-dispersion laser ablation system coupled to an inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LA/ICP-ToF-MS). Gelatine doped with multi-element solutions was used for matrix-matched quantification of Gd and other relevant elements such as Cu, Fe and Zn. Although all spheroids were incubated with identical Gd concentrations, significant differences in the amount of Gd taken up were observed. Gadolinium chloride is absorbed more strongly than the contrast agents and accumulates mainly in the outer regions of the spheroids. In contrast, after incubation with the linear and macrocyclic contrast agents, Gd is detected in the interior of both types of spheroids. T2 - European Workshop on Laser Ablation, EWLA 2024 CY - Ghent, Belgium DA - 02.07.2024 KW - ICP-MS KW - Laser ablation KW - Spheroid KW - Contrast agent PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60575 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Richter, Anja T1 - Laser-processing – a tool to direct biofilm formation N2 - Using nanofiber-like cell appendages, secreted proteins and sugars, bacteria can establish initial surface contact followed by irreversible adhesion and the formation of multicellular biofilms, often with enhanced resistance towards antimicrobial treatment and established cleaning procedures. On e.g. medical implants, in water supply networks or food-processing industry, biofilms can be a fertile source of bacterial pathogens and are repeatedly associated with persisting, nosocomial and foodborne infections. Nowadays, the emergence of resistances because of extensive usage of antibiotics and biocides in medicine, agriculture and private households have become one of the most important medical challenges with considerable economic consequences. In addition, aggravated biofilm eradication and prolonged cell-surface interaction can lead to increased biodeterioration and undesired modification of industrial and medical surface materials. Various strategies are currently developed, tested, and improved to realize anti-bacterial surface properties through surface functionalization steps avoiding antibiotics. In this study, contact-less and aseptic large-area short or ultrashort laser processing is employed to generate different surface structures in the nanometer- to micrometer-scale on technical materials such as titanium-alloy and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The laser processed surfaces were subjected to bacterial colonization studies with Escherichia coli test strains and analyzed with reflected-light and epi-fluorescence microscopy. Depending on the investigated surfaces, different bacterial adhesion patterns were found, ranging from bacterial-repellent to bacterial-attractant effects. The results suggest an influence of size, shape and cell appendages of the bacteria and – above all – the laser-processed nanostructure of the surface itself, emphasizing the potential of laser-processing as a versatile tool to control bacterial surface adhesion. T2 - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation Symposium 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 06.09.2021 KW - Bacterial adhesion KW - Biofilm formation KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structueres (LIPPS) KW - Laser processing PY - 2021 UR - https://www.ibbs18.org/programme AN - OPUS4-53223 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Leaching und Transformation von Bioziden aus Fassadenfarben N2 - Anhand von Beobachtungen aus Labor- und Freilandversuchen wird dargestellt, wie Wasserkontakt und Strahlung die Auslaugung und Transformation der Wirkstoffe Diuron und Terbutryn beeinflussen. Auf Optionen zur modellhaften Darstellung dieser Prozesse wird kurz eingegangen. T2 - OMiBiB - Optimierung und Minimierung des Biozideinsatzes in Baustoffen CY - Online meeting DA - 09.02.2022 KW - Leaching KW - Transformation KW - Biozide KW - Fassadenfarben PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54318 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Leaching und Transformation von Bioziden aus Fassadenfarben N2 - Anhand von Beobachtungen aus Labor- und Freilandversuchen wurde dargestellt, wie Wasserkontakt und Strahlung die Auslaugung und Transformation der Wirkstoffe Diuron und Terbutryn beeinflussen. Auf Optionen zur modellhaften Darstellung dieser Prozesse wurde kurz eingegangen. T2 - Optimierung und Minimierung des Biozideinsatzes in Baustoffen CY - Online meeting DA - 09.02.2022 KW - Leaching KW - Transformation KW - Biozid KW - Fassadenfarbe PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55273 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Life on the rocks and other hard surfaces N2 - After their discovery on rock surfaces in cold and hot deserts, a polyphyletic group of ascomycetous black fungi was found to dominate a range of hostile environments – natural and man-made, from salterns to dishwashers, roofs and solar panels. Together with bacteria and algae they may establish subaerial biofilms and cause weathering of the surfaces they grow on. Their impressive survival abilities as well as their constitutive protective pigmentation and cluster-like microcolony organisation are similar in environmental isolates as well as in heat-tolerant opportunistic pathogens of animals and humans. We selected the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola (class Eurotiomycetes, order Chaetothyriales) that exhibits all the characteristics of microcolonial black fungi such as yeast-like cell growth, absence of reproductive structures and constitutive dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanogenesis (Nai et al. 2013, Fungal Genet Biol). We developed protocols to efficiently generate and transform protoplasts resulting in stable homokaryotic transformants by targeting genes involved in pigment synthesis. The differences between the wild-type fungus and its melanin-deficient mutants were tested in geomicrobiological experiments and measured are now discussed in detail, with special accent on the possible effects of the mutation on EPS and other exuded substances. T2 - Departmental colloquium of the Tuscia University CY - Viterbo, Italy DA - 14.02.2020 KW - Ascomycetes KW - Fungal biofilms KW - Material surface colonisation KW - Genetics KW - Genomics KW - Extremophilic fungi PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50643 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumacher, Julia T1 - Light-dependent development in Botrytis cinerea N2 - Sunlight is an important environmental factor is almost all ecosystems by being a source of energy, information, and stress. All organisms must protect themselves from the harmful effects of light such as UV radiation, ROS accumulation, heat, and desiccation. Finally, light qualities and quantities can be used for decision making, timing and as guide for directed growth when they are sensed and transduced into intracellular signals. Botrytis cinerea and other plant pathogens infecting the sun-exposed parts of the plant must cope with the high light conditions the host plant seeks. Further they experience an altered light spectrum (‘green gap’) when they colonize shaded parts of the plant; it is depleted for blue and red light that is absorbed by the plant chlorophyll and enriched for green and far-red light that is reflected or transmitted by the plant tissue. As these ambient light conditions trigger the shade avoidance response in the plant, the pathogens may trigger their own ‘shading response’ such as the upregulation of virulence determinants and inoculum production. B. cinerea maintains a highly sophisticated light signaling machinery that senses different light qualities to trigger a variety of responses, that are protection, morphogenesis, positive and negative tropisms, and entrainment. These characteristics render B. cinerea a valuable model to enlighten the role of light in parasitic fungus-plant interactions and beyond. The vegetative mycelium – the core of all infection and developmental programs – is not visibly pigmented and thus considered to be sensitive to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the vegetative hyphae have a very limited half-life and are usually restricted to the invasive growth phase in which they are protected from light by the plant tissue. Fast colonization of host tissues and by this proper nutrient acquisition enables the rapid formation of long-lasting reproduction structures (melanized conidiophores with conidia, sclerotia) on the surfaces of rotted plant tissues. Depending on the light and temperature conditions, conidiation or sclerotial development is initiated. Taken together, B. cinerea uses light-regulated signaling networks to avoid light whenever possible; for example, by minimizing the half-life of sensitive cells that are hiding in plant tissues and by scheduling critical steps such as conidiogenesis, conidial germination and penetration of plant tissues for the night. T2 - BotrySclero2022 CY - Avignon, France DA - 13.06.2022 KW - Fungus KW - Light KW - Stress KW - Melanin PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55248 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - von Werder, Julia T1 - Living Concrete Walls: Engineering Bioreceptivity and Biofilms N2 - Building envelopes are a natural habitat of subaerial biofilms and can be more or less prone to be colonized (i.e. to be bioreceptive). Focusing on the added value of biofilms on manmade substrates represents new aesthetic frontiers and reduces the use of biocides. Moreover, the metabolic processes of photosynthetic biofilms can positively influence human health and life quality in densely populated cities by converting or absorbing pollutants. In the presented research the bioreceptivity of concrete claddings for building facades is engineered to sustain either natural or artificial establishment of microalgae-dominated biofilms. To be able to differentiate between the intrinsic material properties and the climatic boundary conditions, the experimental design in the first step comprised different analyses with model mono- and multi-species biofilms in sterile conditions and a high control of the environmental parameters. Growth and vitality of the algal component of the biofilms has been assessed with Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry. T2 - 78th RILEM Annual Week & RILEM International Conference on Sustainable Materials & Structures: Meeting the major challenges of the 21st century - SMS 2024 CY - Toulouse, France DA - 25.08.2024 KW - Bioreceptivity KW - Biofilm KW - Weathering KW - Concrete KW - PAM fluorometry KW - Carbonation PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62224 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osgood, A. A1 - Creamer, M. A1 - Bishop, K. A1 - Feston, J. A1 - Kiever, S. A1 - Kelley, P. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - LLIN (Long-lasting Insecticidal Netting) as a barrier protection against museum pests of major importance N2 - In IPM, setting physical and chemical barriers is a cornerstone for pest prevention designed to protect cultural heritage objects in museum settings. Combining a physical barrier with a chemical barrier in the form of Long-Lasting-Insecticidal Netting (LLIN) has proved to be effective against mosquitos in many parts of the world, while in museums there have been promising studies of LLIN for monitoring and controlling Tineola bisselliella and dermestids. This research explores the efficacy of LLIN as an IPM tool in three unique settings to help inform how they work against other major pests of museums. In the first study, we tested the suitability and efficacy of LLIN under controlled laboratory conditions to prevent hatching of Anobium punctatum from infested material. Artificial breeding material containing multiple A. punctatum full-grown larvae and pupae inside and with expected hatch of adult beetles shortly was enclosed with LLIN. Number of emerging beetles and their longevity was compared to an equal setup with an untreated variety of the netting. While emerging beetles with contact to untreated nettings showed a normal lifespan of up to one month, those with contact to LLIN died immediately or within one day after, thus preventing their potential spread completely. In the second study, the efficacy of LLIN as a barrier protection against grey silverfish, Ctenolepisma longicaudatum was tested by quantifying C. longicaudatum mortality rates after different exposures times to LLIN. The third study takes the LLIN into the field to determine efficacy and practical implementation as a containment barrier for cyclical A. punctatum populations in historic house structures. Infestation by A. punctatum has been a recurring and widespread issue at Gedney House (c. 1665), a non-climate controlled, wood frame building in coastal Massachusetts USA. Over the years, Historic New England, as stewards of the property have implemented many historic preservation and conservation IPM practices, including landscaping measures, water mediation, and regular inspections as part of a holistic IPM program. Many pest species thrive in damp and warm conditions, making Gedney House a prime infestation risk. LLIN was hung in various areas of the basement of the Gedney House with a construction-grade vapor barrier, Tyvek, as a secondary layer for collecting dead A. punctatum after emergence from the rafters and other architectural fragments and subsequent contact with the netting. After 18 months, a large volume of dead A. punctatum caught in the LLIN and vapor barrier encapsulation was observed. This study illustrates how LLIN can be a useful tool for a non-destructive, minimally invasive IPM program implemented by museum staff to monitor and understand A. punctatum activity. The combined results of these studies will inform museum professionals and pest management specialists how to best utilize LLINs in museum settings when trying to prevent damage from these majorly important pests of museums. T2 - 5th International IPM Conference for Cultural Heritage CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 18.09.2024 KW - IPM KW - Museum KW - Cultural Heritage KW - Insect Netting PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61606 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumacher, Julia T1 - Looking through the eyes of fungi: from photoperception to photoresponses and beyond N2 - Sunlight is an almost unavoidable environmental cue and plays a fundamental role in the biology of pro- and eukaryotic organisms. To cope with sunlight-associated stresses e.g., high temperatures, UV radiation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, desiccation, and osmotic stress, it is important for organisms to accurately sense and respond to changes in light. The benefits of light are obvious for green organisms such as cyanobacteria, algae and plants which use light as an energy source (photosynthesis). Fungi that can share light-flooded habitats with phototrophs may profit from their excess photosynthetic products. Examples are the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea, the gray mold fungus, and the rock inhabitant Knufia petricola, a microcolonial black fungus which forms multispecies biofilms with bacteria and algae. T2 - 20th Symposium of the Research Training Group on Bioactive Peptides – The colorful tree of life CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 23.01.2024 KW - Black fungi KW - Melanin KW - Stress tolerance PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59543 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wegner, Karl David T1 - Luminescent Quantum dots – the next-generation nano light bulbs N2 - Fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots (QDs), enabled many advancements in biotechnology, photovoltaics, photocatalysis, quantum computing and display devices. The high versatility of this nanomaterial is based on their unique size-tunable photoluminescence properties, which can be adjusted from the visible to the near-infrared range. In contrast to other nanomaterials, QDs made the transition from a laboratory curiosity to the utilization in commercial products, like the QLED television screen or in smartphone displays. The best investigated QDs are composed of heavy metals like cadmium or lead, which is not the best choice in terms of toxicity and environmental pollution. A more promising material is Indium Phosphide (InP), which is also currently used by Samsung, Sony and co. in the QLED displays. In this contribution, I would like to give you a sneak peek behind the curtains of nanomaterial synthesis and show how this material is produced, how to stabilize their structural properties, and assess their toxicity in environmentally relevant conditions. Furthermore, I would like to present a synthesis method to accomplish the last open challenge in display technology of a blue luminescent LED based on QDs by introducing a new element to the InP QDs. T2 - The Berlin Postdoc Day CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 03.11.2022 KW - InP KW - Quantum dots KW - Fluorescence KW - Aging KW - Doping KW - Nanomaterial KW - Cytotoxicity PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56194 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumacher, Julia T1 - Many-sided DHN melanin – spotlight on its function in microcolonial black fungi N2 - Dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin is produced by different Ascomycetes via slightly differing biosynthetic routes. The polyketide synthases (PKS) release the heptaketide YWA1, the hexaketide AT4HN or the pentaketide T4HN. The first two products are deacetylated by ‘yellowish-green’ hydrolases to T4HN, and T4HN is further converted by a core set of enzymes to DHN. Final polymerization steps are accomplished by multicopper oxidases. DHN melanogenesis is often regulated in a spatial and temporal fashion resulting e.g. in melanized reproduction, survival and/or infection structures. Remarkable is the regulation of the DHN melanogenesis in the foliar plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea: it involves two differently expressed PKSs providing the precursor in conidia and sclerotia, respectively (Schumacher 2016, Mol Microbiol). In contrast, a polyphyletic group of Ascomycetes (microcolonial fungi/ black yeast) dwelling in hostile habitats such as bare rock surfaces in hot and cold deserts, exhibits constitutive melanogenesis. Here, DHN melanin builds a protective layer around all vegetative cells thus contributing to the survival of diverse environmental stresses even without specialized reproduction structures. As part of our continuing research on microcolonial rock-inhabiting fungi, we chose the genetically amenable Knufia petricola strain A95 (Nai et al. 2013, Fungal Genet Biol; Noack-Schönmann et al. 2014, AMB Express) for detailed studies. DHN-deficient mutants generated by targeted mutation of biosynthetic genes were studied with regard to the architecture of the cell wall and the EPS (extracellular polymeric substances) matrix, attachment to and weathering of olivine, as well as the tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. We will discuss the critical role of the outer cell surface (DHN melanin and EPS) in adhesion to the substrate and subsequent damage of the colonized surface. T2 - European Conference on Fungal Genetics (ECFG15) CY - Rome, Italy DA - 17.02.2020 KW - fungus KW - melanin KW - pigmentation PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50591 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piechotta, Christian T1 - Mass spectrometric elucidation of electron ionization induced fragmentation pathways of methylated warfarin and selected hydroxylated species N2 - Warfarin (Coumadin) is one of the most popular anticoagulant drugs used as a therapeutic in humans to prevent thrombosis, atrial fibrosis, and fibrillation since the 1950s. Because of its ability to hinder blood coagulation by blocking vitamin K-depending carboxylation of blood clotting precursors, it is also used as a rodenticide worldwide. Until today it has been partially substituted by far more potent anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs), so-called superwarfarins. Numerous studies are confirming secondary and tertiary poisoning with ARs in non-target-animals and wildlife. Up to now, relatively little is known about persistence and toxicity of ARs and naturally, nor technically formed transformation products (TPs) in the environment, food chain, and transformations occurring during wastewater treatment. Herein, we present liquid and gas chromatographic methods coupled to (high-resolution) mass spectrometry for the analysis of warfarin’s transformation products. Methodologies such as UV-irradiation, ozonation, and chlorination were utilised to simulate technical water treatment. Resulting compounds were elucidated and examined by numerous analytical methods. Moreover, the oxidative phase I metabolism was mimicked by an electrochemical flow cell to synthesise and confirm major metabolites. The further aim is the toxicological assessment of all substances formed, as well as, the quantification of warfarin and its TPs under environmentally relevant conditions employing the introduced methods. T2 - SETAC 2024 CY - Sevilla, Spain DA - 05.06.2024 KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Warfarin PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61902 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Olbrich, Adelina-Elisa T1 - Material vs. Environment: Uncovering microbiological influenced corrosion processes on steel with single cell-ICP-ToF-MS N2 - Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a highly unpredictable process dictated by the environment, microorganisms, and the respective electron source. Interaction pathways between cells and the metal surface remain unclear. The development of this novel single cell-inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry analytical method and a MIC-specific staining procedure facilitate the investigation of steel-MIC interactions. With this it is possible to analyze the multi-elemental fingerprint of individual cells. The detection method revealed elemental selectivity for the corrosive methanogenic archaeal strain Methanobacterium-affiliated IM1. The interface between material and environmental analysis thus receives special attention, e.g., when considering MIC on solid steel. Hence, the possible uptake of individual elements from different steel samples is investigated. Results showed the cells responded at a single-cell level to the different types of supplemented elements and displayed the abilities to interact with chromium, vanadium, titanium, cobalt, and molybdenum from solid metal surfaces. The information obtained will be used in the future to elucidate underlying mechanisms and develop possible material protection concepts, thus combining modern methods of analytical sciences with materials research. T2 - ToFcon 2022 CY - Online meeting DA - 17.11.2022 KW - Single cell KW - Microbiological influenced corrosion MIC KW - Sc-ICP-ToF-MS KW - Method development KW - Ir DNA staining approach KW - Carbon steel corrosion PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56355 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Oliver T1 - Materialanalysen an Bibliotheksgut. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen N2 - Eine neue Panik macht sich in Deutschland breit: sind alle Bücher, die einen grünen Farbschnitt oder Umschlag haben und damit giftiges Arsen enthalten, eine Gefahr für Mensch und Umwelt? Der Vortrag blickt aus archäometrischer Perspektive auf das Phänomen und stellt klar, dass seit der Antike gesundheitsschädliche Pigmente Verwendung fanden und dass seit dem späten Mittelalter schriftliche Belege für den sorgfältigen Umgang mit solchen Gefahrstoffen existieren. Die Farbe "grün" ist keineswegs die einzige Farbe, die "Gifte" enthalten kann. Zudem lässt sich die Palette der "gefährlichen" Elemente mit Blei, Quecksilber, Cadmium oder Chrom deutlich erweitern. T2 - Arsen in Büchern: Auf dem Weg zu angemessenen Arbeitsschutzmaßnahmen CY - Wolfenbüttel, Germany DA - 10.10.2024 KW - Archäometrie KW - Gift KW - Arbeitsschutz PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61407 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erning, Johann Wilhelm T1 - Materials in contact with drinking water and regulatory issues N2 - The state of play in regard to regulations of materials in contact with drinking water in europe is discussed T2 - Kormat 2022 CY - Online meeting DA - 26.04.2022 KW - Korrosion KW - Trinkwasser KW - Hygiene KW - Risikobewertung PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54710 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schreiber, Frank T1 - Mechanisms and evolution of resistance to antimicrobial biocides N2 - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem with the environment being an important compartment for the evolution, selection and transmission of AMR. These processes are impacted by pollution with antibiotics. However, antimicrobial biocides used as disinfectants and material preservatives are major pollutants exceeding the antibiotic market in terms of chemical diversity and mass. The aim of our work is to understand the mechanisms and risks of biocides for resistance and antibiotic cross-resistance evolution in bacteria to optimize their application and safeguard their efficacy. Our work shows that biocides have the potential to affect evolutionary processes towards AMR by increasing the rates of de-novo mutation and conjugation. Importantly, widely used compounds such as chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) affect rates of mutation and conjugation at environmentally relevant concentrations. Furthermore, we show that single-cell phenotypic heterogeneity regarding tolerance (persistence) determines survival against specific biocides including QACs and isopropanol. Mechanistic investigations reveal that known antibiotic persister mechanisms contribute to persister formation to biocides. The evolution of high-level tolerance to different biocides is linked to the initial persister level and the evolution of specific genetically encoded mechanisms related to properties of the cell envelope. Biocide-tolerant strains have a selective advantage in the presence of environmentally-relevant concentrations of antibiotics, which could lead to the stabilization of biocide tolerance in environments where biocides and antibiotics co-occur (e.g. wastewater, animal stables). Taken together, our work shows the importance of assessing the contribution of biocides on evolution and selection of AMR in the environment. T2 - EMBO Symposium on Mechanisms of drug resistance and tolerance in bacteria, fungi, and cancer CY - Heidelberg, Germany DA - 18.03.2025 KW - Antimicrobial surfaces KW - Biocides KW - Antimicrobial resistance PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64866 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Miclea, Paul-Tiberiu T1 - Membrane filter cascade for size-selective analysis of nano-and micro particles N2 - From a metrological point of view, the analysis of micro and nanoplastics MNP requires not only representative and meaningful methods for sampling, preparation, and detection, but also defined and reproducible analytical procedures for the processes and materials used. For such a validation of the detection procedures (including the determination of process and laboratory blank values), the filters and laboratory conditions used in interaction with the final MNP measurement play a central role for detection limits regarding MNP size, MNP content and statistical measurement control, in addition to the reference materials mentioned above. On the basis of available filtration materials (e.g. metal mesh, silicon, aluminum oxide, polycarbonate) and metrological boundary conditions, key aspects for metrologically sound method development must be defined. Two key categories of analysis are developed for the characterization of MNP’s: analytical methods (e.g. µ-IR spectroscopy, µRaman) and mass spectrometry (eg. Py-GC/MS or TED-GC/MS). If in the first category the shape, size, number of particles and the size distribution present in the samples can be determined. In the second category the mass of the material can be measured and the volume of plastic present in the samples can be deduced from this. Both catagories are very sensitive in terms of the volume of material that can be analyzed; vibrational methods can detect single particles but mass-based method require enough particles to reach the limit of detection. That is why in this study we propose a filtration system, which in our opinion brings the two categories much closer to each other and allows true measurements of particle number and mass of the same sample. In this way it is possible not only to estimate the volume of plastic in the sample, but also to determine with much greater precision the number of particles and the type of plastic present. Furthermore, new methods for particle detection can be added and combined with existing methods. Our proposed system can be used for a single filter, but also for the use of several filters in cascade. In this way a separation of particles by size can be achieved. T2 - 13th Annual World Congress of Nano Science & Technology 2024 CY - Osaka, Japan DA - 22.05.2024 KW - Microplastics KW - Si filters KW - Filtration KW - Polymer 3R PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61097 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kanaris, Orestis T1 - Metabolic niches and persistence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment N2 - Background and Aim: Wastewater treatment plants are considered as hotspots for the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) can persist in the environment for long periods of time, despite metabolic fitness costs that can arise with resistance. We are interested in understanding the mechanisms, which allow ARB to persist in the environment. More specifically, we want to identify metabolic niches that can select for resistant bacteria. Procedure/Method: 62 E. coli strains isolated from different WWTPs in Norway were used. The isolates have different levels of resistance to 14 antibiotics. The susceptibility of the isolates to 3 disinfectants was determined. In addition, genome scale metabolic models (GEMs) were constructed and the growth of the strains was simulated in the presence of 198 different carbon sources. Furthermore, the growth rates of the isolates were measured in the presence of 3 carbon sources. Findings/Results: Many of the isolates have high resistance to multiple antibiotics but only few of the isolates have higher minimum inhibitory concentrations to the disinfectants, compared to an E. coli laboratory strain. With the GEMs, we identified 40 carbon sources that can be utilized for growth only by a portion of all the isolates. The prediction accuracy of the GEMs was 93% in the case of D-Malate. A group of 10 isolates was identified of which 5 isolates are resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and tetracycline and can grow on Sucrose but not on D-Malate and the other 5 isolates are susceptible to the same 3 antibiotics but can grow on D-Malate and not on Sucrose. Implications/Applications: Our data suggest that changing the available carbon source could shift the selection advantage between resistant and susceptible bacterial strains. If this strategy is confirmed experimentally, it could be applied to reduce the number of ARB in environments like wastewater. T2 - Conference on the Environmental dimentions of antimicrobial resistance 7 CY - Montreal, Canada DA - 26.05.2024 KW - Antimicrobial resistance KW - Wastewater PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61410 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kanaris, Orestis T1 - Metabolic niches and persistence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment N2 - Background and Aim: Wastewater treatment plants are considered as hotspots for the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) can persist in the environment for long periods of time, despite metabolic fitness costs that can arise with resistance. We are interested in understanding the mechanisms, which allow ARB to persist in the environment. More specifically, we want to identify metabolic niches that can select for resistant bacteria. Procedure/Method: 62 E. coli strains isolated from different WWTPs in Norway were used. The isolates have different levels of resistance to 14 antibiotics. The susceptibility of the isolates to 3 disinfectants was determined. In addition, genome scale metabolic models (GEMs) were constructed and the growth of the strains was simulated in the presence of 198 different carbon sources. Furthermore, the growth rates of the isolates were measured in the presence of 3 carbon sources. Findings/Results: Many of the isolates have high resistance to multiple antibiotics but only few of the isolates have higher minimum inhibitory concentrations to the disinfectants, compared to an E. coli laboratory strain. With the GEMs, we identified 40 carbon sources that can be utilized for growth only by a portion of all the isolates. The prediction accuracy of the GEMs was 93% in the case of D-Malate. A group of 10 isolates was identified of which 5 isolates are resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and tetracycline and can grow on Sucrose but not on D-Malate and the other 5 isolates are susceptible to the same 3 antibiotics but can grow on D-Malate and not on Sucrose. Implications/Applications: Our data suggest that changing the available carbon source could shift the selection advantage between resistant and susceptible bacterial strains. If this strategy is confirmed experimentally, it could be applied to reduce the number of ARB in environments such as wastewater. T2 - International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation Symposium 19 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 09.09.2024 KW - Antimicrobial resistance KW - Wastewater PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61412 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erning, Johann Wilhelm T1 - Metall - Migration in der Trinkwasserinstallation N2 - Der grundsätzliche Mechanismus der Metallmigration wird erläutert, die gesetzlichen Regeln erläutert. Die Veränderungen, die sich aus der neuen EU-Trinkwasserrichtlinie für den Werkstoffeinsatz ergeben, werden erläutert. Beispiele für die Vorgehensweise werden gezeigt, ein Ausblick für die Umsetzung bildet den Abschluss. T2 - 24. Sanitärtechnisches Symposium CY - Ahaus, Germany DA - 04.04.2025 KW - Korrosion KW - Metallmigration KW - Trinkwasser PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62900 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Metallene Werkstoffe in Geothermieanlagen - nicht nur aus Sicht der Korrosion N2 - Um Konstrukteuren und Nutzern geothermischer Anlagen grundlegende Informationen über die Korrosionsbeständigkeit zur Verfügung zu stellen, wurden verschiedene metallene Werkstoffe, darunter nichtrostende Duplex- und austenitische Stähle sowie eine Nickellegierung, in künstlichen Geothermalwässern, die die Bedingungen an verschiedenen Standorten mit geothermischem Potenzial simulieren, mit Hilfe von elektrochemischen und Langzeittests hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung bewertet. In hochsalinaren Umgebungen erwies sich Spaltkorrosion als der entscheidende Mechanismus. Die Nickellegierung zeigt eine ausgezeichnete Beständigkeit gegenüber Lochkorrosion. Abgesehen von ihren hohen Kosten eignet sie sich sehr gut für den Bau von Geothermieanlagen mit stark salzhaltigen Fluiden. Rostfreie Stähle und Duplexstähle weisen eine begrenzte Korrosionsbeständigkeit gegen Loch- und Spaltkorrosion auf. Daher sind sie für stark salzhaltige Fluide nicht geeignet. Der Superaustenit zeigt ein temperaturabhängiges Verhalten. In nichtsalinaren Umgebungen könnten niedriglegierte Stähle (neben den höherlegierten Werkstoffen) als Konstruktionsmaterial für Geothermieanlagen eingesetzt werden, sofern eine ausreichende Wandstärke des Materials berücksichtigt wird. Neben Korrosionsaspekten erwies sich auch die Ausfällung von Fluidbestandteilen als interessantes Thema. Beim Betrieb der Forschungsanlage in Groß Schönebeck wurden Kupfer- und Bleieffekte im Bohrloch festgestellt. Die auftretenden Mechanismen und Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung von Ausfällungen und Abscheidungen wurden ebenso untersucht, wie deren mögliche Einflüsse auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit metallener Werkstoffe für Anlagenkomponenten. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Geothermalwässern und Ausrüstungskomponenten. T2 - 57. Kraftwerktechnisches Kolloquium CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 07.10.2025 KW - Örtliche Korrosion KW - Edelstahl KW - Ni-Legierungen KW - Geothermie KW - Abscheidung PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64323 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Visileanu, E. T1 - Methods for the collection and characterization of airborne particles in the textile industry N2 - The presentation summarizes possibilities to sample airborne micro and nanoplastic particles. An example of a textil company is shown. T2 - 5th International Conference on Human Systems Engineering and Design: Future Trends and Applications (IHSED 2023 CY - Dubrovnik, Croatia DA - 27.09.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - Polymer 3R KW - Textile company PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58561 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Micro and Nano Plastics in the Environment N2 - The VAMAS/TWA 45 Project 2 “Development of standardized methodologies for characterisation of microplastics with microscopy and spectroscopy methods” involving 85 participants around the world is primarily discussed with respect to the results received and a first data evaluation. Status of the Project "Guidelines for defining reference materials for plastic degradation in marine environment" is reported and two new project proposals are presented: "Development of standardized methodologies for characterisation of nanoplastics (starting soon, BAM as leader?) and "Development of analytical protocols for the identification and quantification of microplastics of fibrous shape (still in negotiation)". T2 - Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) 48th Steering Committee Meeting CY - New Delhi, India DA - 09.10.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - Nanoplastics KW - Interlaboratory comparison KW - VAMAS KW - Reference materials KW - ISO PY - 2023 UR - https://www.nplindia.org/index.php/amcsnzt_2023/ AN - OPUS4-58539 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Miclea, Paul T1 - Microanalysis of Airborne Nano/Microplastic Particles in an Textile Industrial Environment N2 - Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are emerging global contaminants, present in air, soil, and water. The textile industry is potentially a major contributor, releasing synthetic particles like polyamide, polyester, and acrylic during production. This study assessed MNP levels outside and inside a textile-processing facility using online air samplers with silicon (Si) and quartz filters. Real-time particle counts (PM0.3–PM10) were obtained via a laser detector. Si filters (9 mm, 10/1 µm pores) and quartz filters (25 mm, 1.2 µm pores, pre-calcined at 800°C) were used for sampling. Custom holders allowed selective sampling for PM10 and PM1 on Si filters. Sampling conditions included a 3-hour collection at 2 L/min (GilAir Plus pump) starting at 7:00 AM (T1) and 2:00 PM (T2), with intermittent ventilation, 23.3 °C average temperature, and 52.5% humidity. Particle weights collected (µg) were: quartz – 4.9E-05 (T1), 5.1E-05 (T2); Si – 3.2E-05 (T1), 5E-06 (T2). Outside particle counts ranged from 3,584 (T1) to 15,165 (T2); inside: 9,901 (T1) to 12,921 (T2). Maximum indoor PM10 and PM0.3 levels were 72/m³ and 71,979/m³, respectively. Particles were analyzed using electron microscopy and µRaman spectroscopy, confirming high concentrations of irregularly shaped PP-based particles (1–5 µm). T2 - 12th TEXTEH CY - Bucharest, Romania DA - 23.10.2025 KW - Microplastics KW - Airborne particles KW - Raman microspectroscopy PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64485 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gluth, Gregor T1 - Microbially induced corrosion of cementitious materials in sewer systems N2 - Sewer networks (also called wastewater systems) include structures to collect and transport wastewater to disposal or treatment in dedicated facilities. These networks are essential infrastructures of our societies, and the size of these systems in terms of length as well as asset value is usually vast. Accordingly, the annual rehabilitation and replacement costs for sewer networks are very high in many countries. In addition, failures of wastewater systems can cause severe health and environmental problems, making the durability of these infrastructures an issue of crucial societal importance. A substantial fraction of the deterioration of sewers is caused by microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) of concrete structures in the networks, and, thus, understanding the causes of this process is crucial to be able to effectively direct resources for rehabilitation, replacement and construction of sewer systems. Because of the importance of the problem, it has been studied for many decades, and significant progress has been made during this time. In recent years, answers to several previously underexplored questions, for example regarding the validity of the different test methods to assess the resistance of cementitious materials against MIC and the suitability of new cementitious materials for sewer repair, have begun to emerge. The present contribution gives an overview over the processes involved in MIC of cementitious materials in sewers, and reviews recent findings concerning the resistance of cementitious materials against MIC. The data indicate that alkali-activated materials can exhibit exceptionally high resistance against MIC, while it is presently not fully understood which mix design parameters deter¬mine this resistance. Disagreement exists in the literature regarding the causes of the generally high resistance of calcium aluminate cements. Significant progress has been made in determining the deterioration rate of cementitious materials under strongly corroding conditions, but well-founded approaches to classify the severity of MIC attack in sewers seem not to be available at present. T2 - MICxUS 2025 – Symposium on Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) in Industrial and Utility Systems CY - Nicosia, Cyprus DA - 21.01.2025 KW - MIC KW - Cement KW - Repair mortar KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Sewers PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62738 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kirsch, Klemens T1 - Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Cast Iron Containers for High-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal N2 - Ductile and corrosion resistant cast iron is investigated as a potential container material to store high-level nuclear waste (HLW) in deep geological repositories (DGR) in claystone bedrock. The dynamic corrosion process is dependent on the conditions present in the DGR which are influenced and/or controlled by geochemical parameters (e.g., redox potential, pH, presence of and ionic concentration in (pore-)water), physical parameters (e.g., pressure), and the influence of metabolically active microorganisms. Cast iron corrosion will occur at the intersection of container and its decontaminable coating with the bentonite backfill material which contains natural microbial populations. The conditions in a DGR are simulated in microcosm experiments to investigate the impact of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC); the microcosms contain: B27 bentonite, synthetic pore water, N2 or N2-CO2 atmosphere, cast iron coupons, as well as the bacterium Desulfosporosinus burensis (isolated from repository depth in Buré, France). Three coupon configurations will be used: untreated, coated with decontaminable coating, and coated with decontaminable coating which has been damaged to simulate possible damages. The microcosms will be examined for bio- and geochemical parameters, such as pH, redox potential, mineral phases, sulphate concentration, Fe(II):Fe(III), changes in microbial populations, and the corrosion process for formation of corrosion products, and potential microbial influence, after a 270-day incubation period at 25°C under anaerobic conditions. In subsequent experiments, the sorption behavior of lanthanides and actinides onto the membranes of viable cells and spores of D. burensis, as well as the surface of corroded cast iron coupons will be investigated. T2 - 8th International Workshop on Long-term Prediction of Corrosion in Nuclear Waste Systems 2022 CY - Baden, Switzerland DA - 21.06.2022 KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) KW - Cast iron KW - Nuclear waste disposal PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55154 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Oberbeckmann, Sonja T1 - Microplastic-microbiome interactions in aquatic ecosystems: a complex story N2 - As pervasive and persistent pollutants, microplastics exist alongside diverse microbial communities in nature. These hardy substrates accumulate rich polymeric matrices from their surroundings that in turn offer nutrition and protection to diverse communities and their theatre of activity, representing a new ecological niche. With our work, we aim to establish a holistic understanding of the interactions between microplastics and microorganisms within aquatic systems, and how these interactions shape their surrounding environment. In our research, we combine field sampling with in situ experiments, and apply high-throughput sequencing technologies to 16S genes and whole bacterial genomes. We demonstrate through our studies that biofilm communities exhibit no specificity to plastic polymer type but appear rather to be opportunistic colonizers more strongly shaped by spatial and temporal factors. While the polymer surface does not appear to elicit a selective effect on associated biofilms, our studies show that microplastics might shape communities in a different way. Based on our detection of carotenoid synthesis pathways and photosynthetic gene clusters among plastic biofilms, we postulate this new niche to shape a specific functional toolkit, adaptive among its members as a product of prolonged exposure to UV radiation at the sea’s surface. To fully assess the interactions between microplastics and microorganisms, however, one cannot consider plastics singularly but as a component within a more complex and interconnected system. It is known, for instance, that plastics can sorb significant concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the environment. We show, in our work, that the PAH sorption patterns of microplastics correlate significantly with the structure of associated biofilm communities. Elevated concentrations of specific PAHs on microplastics coincided with the enrichment of selected taxa reportedly capable of hydrocarbon utilisation as well as a reduced diversity among associated biofilm communities. Here, we present a synthesis of our collective research on microplastic biofilms in the aquatic environment, the factors that shape them, and their interactions with nature. To fully comprehend how microplastics impact ecosystems, the entire substrate must be considered, including all chemicals integrated into the polymeric matrix as well as associated biofilms. T2 - SETAC Europe 35th Annual Meeting CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 11.05.2025 KW - Microplastics KW - Biofilms KW - PAH PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63154 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Microplastics at BAM: TED-GC/MS and reference materials N2 - Thsi talk aims to present the activities of microplastic analysis at BAM according to TED-GC/MS and reference materials developement. T2 - Webinar BAM / University of Birmingham CY - Online meeting DA - 15.06.2021 KW - Microplastic KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Reference materials PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53738 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koerdt, Andrea T1 - Mikrobiell beeinflusste Korrosion (MIC) – Wenn MIC dann BAM N2 - In dieser Präsentation wurden dem Beirat Umwelt die High-Lights und der weitere Ausblick des Foresight Process MIC vorgestellt. Im Fokus stehen hierbei insbesondere die neu angelaufenen Projekte: COST Action Euro-MIC MIC im Endlager Hydrogen: MIC & Wasserstoffversprödung Biorezeptivität von Betonoberflächen Mitigation schwarze Pilze WIPANO ResTest T2 - Beirat Umwelt CY - Online meeting DA - 11.03.2022 KW - MIC KW - Hi-Tension KW - Projekte PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54463 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koerdt, Andrea T1 - Mikrobielle Zusammensetzung im Wassertank N2 - Der Fachbereich 7.6 untersucht seit einiger Zeit an Auslagerungsständen auf dem Testgelände in Horstwalde Korrosion im maritimen Bereich. Im Moment läuft das System mit künstlichem Meerwasser und simuliert die Bewitterung von Metallproben unter angenäherten klimatischen Bedingungen ähnlich zum natürlichem Habitat. Im Laufe der Zeit konnte nicht intendierter mikrobieller bewuchs beobachtet werden. Es stellte sich die Frage, welche Mikroorganismen vorlagen und ob diese einen Einfluss auf die Korrosionsuntersuchungen haben könnte. Aus diesem Grund wurden 16S-rRNA Untersuchungen durchgeführt welche alle drei Domänen des Lebens widerspiegeln Bakterien, Archaea und Eukaryoten. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass über 95% der vorliegenden Biomasse Grünalgen waren, die durch Licht Eintrag in den Container Photosynthese betrieben und dadurch an Biomasse zunahmen. Des weiteren konnten Bakterien detektiert werden, welche in der Regel halophilen und aeroben Habitaten zu finden sind. Allerdings wurden auch Sulfat reduzierende Bakterien (MIC) detektiert, wenn auch in einem geringen prozentualen Anteil. Es muss allerdings Berücksichtigt werden, dass die mikrobielle Zusammensetzung sich im Laufe der Zeit weiter ändern kann. Als Ursprung der Biomasse wird, das künstliche Sediment vermutet. Außerdem wäre es für zukünftige Experiment denkbar, das System mit echtem Sediment aus dem marinen Habitat anzuimpfen. T2 - Dechema CY - Online meeting DA - 10.11.2021 KW - Mikroorganismen KW - Mikrobielle Gemeinschaft KW - Korrosion KW - Simulation PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54035 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Mikroplastik an der BAM: TED-GC/MS und Referenzmaterialien N2 - Thema ist die Funktionsweise der TED-GC/MS als Methode für die Mikroplastik-Detektion sowie die Herstellung dazugehöriger Referenzmaterialien an der BAM T2 - 25. Kolloquium Massenspektrometrie von Polymeren CY - Online meeting DA - 17.06.2021 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Referenzmaterial PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52835 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Mikroplastik Detektion mit Thermoanalytischen Methoden: Analytik, Referenzmaterial, Ringversuche N2 - Ich dem Vortrag geht es um die Vorstellung von thermoanalytischen Methoden für die Mikroplastik-Detektion. Verschiedene Kopplungsmöglichkeiten werden gezeigt und die Funktionsweise der TED-GC/MS wird erklärt. Im zweiten Teil werden Referenzmaterialien für die Mikroplastik-Analytik diskutiert. PET -Tabletten des PlasticTrace Projektes werden vorgestellt. Am Ende wird der VAMAS Ringversuch zur Mikroplastik-Detektion gezeigt. T2 - Plastik, Mikroplastik, Nanopartikel, PFAS und Verunreinigungen (Agilent Workshop) CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 28.05.2024 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Polymer 3R KW - Ringversuche KW - Referenzmaterial PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60155 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Mikroplastik heute: Was haben wir in den letzten Jahren erreicht? N2 - In diesem Vortrag geht es um eine Übersicht über die Thematik der Mikroplastik, Was ist Mikroplastik, wie entsteht es und wo kommt es her. Es wird beschrieben wie eine repräsentative Probenahme erfolgen kann und wie welche Herausforderungen bei der Probenvorbereitung existieren. Die Detektion wird ausführlich beschrieben, sowohl mit Partikelanzahl als auch Masse. Im weiteren werden erste Referenzmaterialien und ihre Anwendung in internationalen Ringversuchen beschrieben. Der zweite Teil zeigt die Normungsaktivitäten im Bereich der Mikroplastik. T2 - Mitgliederversammlung der GdCh Lackchemie CY - Online Meeting DA - 20.09.2024 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Polymer 3R KW - Reference material KW - ILC on detection methods PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61087 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Mikroplastik Referenzmaterial und erste Vergleichsuntersuchungen N2 - Hierbei geht es um die Vorstellung von ersten Möglichkeiten um Referenzmaterial für die Mikroplastik-Analytik herzustellen und die Ergebnisse erster Vergleichsversuche. T2 - EUROLAB-D Workshop: Mikroplastik in der Praxis CY - Online meeting DA - 30.11.2021 KW - Mikroplastik KW - Referenzmaterial KW - Vergleichsversuche PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53880 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Mikroplastik – Ein Problem für die Menschheit? N2 - Mikroplastik findet sich in Ozeanen, Seen, Flüssen und Bächen. Es kann in unserem Boden, in der Luft und sogar in Organismen nachgewiesen werden. Jedes Jahr werden weltweit Millionen Tonnen freigesetzt. Doch wo und wie landet Mikroplastik in der Umwelt? Und wie können wir diese winzigen Partikel nachweisen? T2 - Berlin Science Week CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 01.11.2021 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53734 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wiesner, Yosri T1 - MIKROPLASTIK – von der Probenvorbereitung bis zur Analytik N2 - Der Vortrag beschreibt die Herausforderungen bei der Analyse von Mikroplastik inklusive Probennahme, Probenvorbereitung und Detektion. Es werden Ergebnisse aus dem BMBF-Projekt RUSEKU vorgestellt. T2 - LABO-Anwendertag CY - Online meeting DA - 23.11.2021 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Mikroplastik-Analytik PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53829 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dehkohneh, Abolfazl T1 - Modelling biofilm formation and material colonisation for Knufia petricola N2 - Rock-inhabiting black fungi are adapted to survive extreme stresses such as radiation and lack of water and are thus able to colonise arid material surfaces like solar panels and marble monuments. Black fungi can typically grow as one of two cell types: depending on the environmental conditions, they are able to form yeast-like cells or hyphal filaments. Knufia petricola is one member of the rock-inhabiting black fungi which functions as a model reference species. As there is no mathematical model for biofilm formation of RIF, we are going to develop a model for K. petricola which describes fungal growth on the level of individual cells adn biofilm formation. T2 - Mini conference at University of Birmingham CY - Birmingham, UK DA - 05.10.2022 KW - Knufia petricola KW - Rock-inhabiting black fungi KW - individual-based modelling PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56697 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Braun, U. T1 - Monitoring von Mikroplastik N2 - Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick was bei der Analyse von Mikroplastik zu beachten ist und beschreibt die Vor- und Nachteile der TED-GC/MS. T2 - Abschlusstreffen MikroPlaTas CY - Online meeting DA - 23.06.2021 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Mikroplastik-Analytik PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52916 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Oliver T1 - More than 25 years of ink analysis non-destructive testing of black writing materials N2 - Writing inks can be divided into soluble inks and dispersion inks. Soluble inks are based on plant or insect dyes forming a water solution. In the early European Middle Ages brown plant inks were usually produced from the blackthorn bark and wine. In contrast to these soluble brown inks, one of the oldest black writing materials was produced by mixing soot with gum arabic or animal glue dissolved in a small amount of water. From Pliny’s detailed account of the manufacture of various black carbon inks, we learn that producing pure soot of high quality was not an easy task in Antiquity. Iron gall inks are a borderline case between these two groups. They are produced from four basic ingredients: gallic acid, an iron-containing component, gum arabic as a binding media, and an aqueous medium such as wine, beer, or vinegar. By mixing gallic acid with soluble iron ions, a water-soluble ferrous gallate complex is formed. Exposure to oxygen leads to the formation of insoluble black ferric gallate pigment. Due to the variety of recipes and the natural origin of raw materials, there is a wide range of different components and impurities in writing inks. The Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) together with the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures in Hamburg (CSMC) has developed a protocol for ink analysis. It consists of a primary screening to determine the type of the ink and a subsequent in-depth analysis using several spectroscopic techniques (X-ray fluorescence analysis and vibrational spectroscopy). This contribution presents a qualitative and quantitative analysis of historical writing inks to characterize distinguishable inks in manuscripts, to determine the origin of manuscripts, and to assign unknown fragments to time and place. T2 - Beyond the reconstruction of an Urtext: “About the history of the early Qurʾānic text with regard to digital research tools” CY - Hesse, Germany DA - 07.07.2025 KW - Archaeometry KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Material analysis KW - Cultural heritage PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63906 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Drexel, R. T1 - Nano-sized Polypropylene as a Promising Candidate Reference Material: Preparation, Characterization and Stability in Complex Matrices N2 - The lack of nanoplastic (NPs) reference materials capable of mimicking real-world scenarios is currently hampering the development of validated extraction techniques from complex matrices (e.g. soils, sediments, biota), the development of analytical approaches for robust identification and quantification, and the ability to use environmentally relevant test materials in (eco)toxicity testing and hazard assessment [1]. The large body of available data suggests that larger microplastics (MPs) in the natural environment are irregular shaped, partially degraded (chemically and physically), a continuum of sizes, shapes and densities, represent a wide range of polymer types, and acts as a reservoir for thousands of plastic chemicals. Although NPs have been described as being neither MPs nor engineered nanoparticles [2], and while direct measurement data of true NP in the environment remain elusive, they are expected to be as equally diverse as MPs [3]. Here, we present a strategy towards the development of a potential NP reference material based on nano-sized polyproplyene particles (nanoPP) developed within the EURAMET-funded PlasticTrace project (https://plastictrace.eu/). The strategy includes the preparation, the physicochemical characterization and the stability assessment of nanoPP in suspension both in its pristine state, but also when spiked into food (mineral water and milk) and environmental matrices (suspended particulate matter collected from the river Elbe ). Collected experimental data suggests nanoPP to be a promising candidate for a NP reference material. T2 - SETAC Europe 2025 CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 11.05.2025 KW - Nanoplastics KW - Reference materials PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63382 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Needs, concepts and state of the art: Top-down production of reference materials for micro- and nanoplastics and their use in harmonisation processes N2 - The talk explains the top-down production of materials suitable for mircoplastics and nanoplastics and the use in ILCs. T2 - EUROLAB webinar: MICROPLASTICS: regulations, standards and the role of laboratories CY - Online meeting DA - 15.02.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - Nanoplastics KW - ILC KW - Milling PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57008 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Neubewertung von metallenen Dach- und Fassadenmaterialien unter Dauerhaftigkeits- und Umweltaspekten N2 - Die Feldstudien haben gezeigt, dass die Dauer und Menge der Regenereignisse die Run-Off-Rate beeinflusst. Zwischen den Auslagerungsstandorten sind die Unterschiede gering. Bei Zink werden im ersten Jahr ca. 80 % der in Lösung gehenden Metallionen über den Run-OFF abgeschwemmt. Dagegen sind es bei Kupfer nur etwa 10 %. Grund ist die unterschiedliche Wasserlöslichkeit der gebildeten Korrosionsprodukte. Die Laborstudien haben gezeigt, dass der Einfluss von Regendauer und Regenmenge erwartungsgemäß hoch ist. Die Kombination aus geringer Dachneigung und einem pH-Wert von 4,5 führt zu den höchsten Run-Off-Raten für Zink und auch Kupfer. Zinkhydroxid-Korrosionsprodukte erhöhen die Run-Off-Rate, bis sich wasserunlösliche Zinkkarbonatschichten bilden. T2 - Sitzung DIN NA 062-01-71 AA Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Korrosion KW - Regensimulator KW - Runoff KW - Deckschichtbildung KW - Metalleintrag in die Umwelt PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61381 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Neubewertung von metallenen Dach- und Fassadenmaterialien unter Dauerhaftigkeits- und Umweltaspekten N2 - Metallene Dach- und Fassadenmaterialien unterliegen nach ihrer Installation infolge von Korrosions- und Abschwemmprozessen einem Abtrag von Metallionen. Durch Regenereignisse gelangen diese in umliegende Gewässer und Böden. Die verwendeten metallenen Werkstoffe, wie z.B. Kupfer und Zink bilden zeitabhängig schützende Deckschichten aus, die die Dauerhaftigkeit der Werkstoffe gewährleisten und damit den Austrag von Metallionen signifikant begrenzen. Die Geschwindigkeit der Deckschichtbildung sowie die erreichte Schutzwirkung sind von verschiedenen Umwelteinflüssen und klimatischen Bedingungen abhängig. Diese haben sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten in Europa stark verändert, so dass es einer aktuellen Datenbasis für die Bewertung der Dauerhaftigkeit und der Umweltauswirkungen bedarf. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsvorhabens werden aktuell Feldstudien zur Ermittlung des Runoffs und der Schutzwirkung der gebildeten Deckschichten durchgeführt. Ergänzt werden diese durch Laborversuche mit künstlicher Beregnung. T2 - 76. Sitzung DIN Arbeitsausschuss Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 17.10.2023 KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion KW - Runoff KW - Deckschichtbildung KW - Schutzwirkung KW - Umgebungseinflüsse PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58706 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Haacke, Nasrin T1 - Neubewertung von metallischen Dach- und Fassadenmaterialien unter Dauerhaftigkeits- und Umweltaspekten N2 - Der Vortrag stellt den aktuellen Stand des Forschungsprojekts RUNOFF vor. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf die Neubewertung der Dauerhaftigkeit von Zink und feuerverzinktem Stahl. Unter bewitterten Bedingungen erreichen beide Materialien stabile, karbonathaltige Deckschichten bereits nach einer Auslagerungszeit von zwei Monaten. In den parallel zu den Feldversuchen laufende Laborversuche werden aktuell der Einfluss dreier Faktoren (Ph-Wert, Winkel des Probenmaterials, Niederschlagsintensität) auf das Abschwemmverhalten von Zinkionen mithilfe eines an der BAM konstruierten Niederschlagsimulators untersucht. T2 - GAV Forschungskolloquium 2023 CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 16.10.2023 KW - Runoff KW - Dauerhaftigkeit KW - Zink KW - Feuerverzinkt PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58625 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin T1 - Neue Erkenntnisse zum Korrosionsverhalten von Zink an der Atmosphäre N2 - Die Untersuchungen und Ausführungen im Vortrag belegen, dass verfügbare Modellvorstellungen zur Beschreibung der Deckschichtbildung und Korrosion von Zink unter aktuellen atmosphärischen Bedingungen in Europa nicht mehr gültig sind und neu bewertet werden müssen. So können beispielsweise bisher verfügbare Prognosemodelle den Korrosionsfortschritt nicht mehr ausreichend beschreiben, da durch die Verringerung des Schwefeldioxidgehaltes der Luft veränderte Mechanismen vorliegen. T2 - 69. Sitzung des NA 062-01-71 AA "Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.02.2020 KW - Korrosion KW - Zink KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion KW - Korrosionsprüfung KW - Deckschichtbildung KW - gelartige Elektrolyte PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50479 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin T1 - Neue Erkenntnisse zur Deckschichtbildung von Zink an der Atmosphäre N2 - Die Untersuchungen und Ausführungen im Vortrag belegen, dass verfügbare Modellvorstellungen zur Beschreibung der Deckschichtbildung und Korrosion von Zink unter aktuellen atmosphärischen Bedingungen in Europa nicht mehr gültig sind und neu bewertet werden müssen. So können beispielsweise bisher verfügbare Prognosemodelle den Korrosionsfortschritt nicht mehr ausreichend beschreiben, da durch die Verringerung des Schwefeldioxidgehaltes der Luft veränderte Mechanismen vorliegen. T2 - Sitzung des Forschungsbeirats des Gemeinschaftsausschuss Verzinken e.V. CY - Online Meeting DA - 07.10.2021 KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion KW - Deckschichtbildung KW - Gelartige Elektrolyte KW - Zink PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53478 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin T1 - Neue Erkenntnisse zur Deckschichtbildung von Zink an der Atmosphäre N2 - Die Untersuchungen und Ausführungen im Vortrag belegen, dass verfügbare Modellvorstellungen zur Beschreibung der Deckschichtbildung und Korrosion von Zink unter aktuellen atmosphärischen Bedingungen in Europa nicht mehr gültig sind und neu bewertet werden müssen. So können beispielsweise bisher verfügbare Prognosemodelle den Korrosionsfortschritt nicht mehr ausreichend beschreiben, da durch die Verringerung des Schwefeldioxidgehaltes der Luft veränderte Mechanismen vorliegen. T2 - Sitzung des GfKORR Arbeitskreises „Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz von Eisen und Stahl“ CY - Online meeting DA - 22.06.2021 KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion KW - Gelartige Elektrolyte KW - Deckschichtbildung KW - Zink PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52843 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin T1 - Neue Erkenntnisse zur Deckschichtbildung von Zink an der Atmosphäre N2 - Die Untersuchungen und Ausführungen im Vortrag belegen, dass verfügbare Modellvorstellungen zur Beschreibung der Deckschichtbildung und Korrosion von Zink unter aktuellen atmosphärischen Bedingungen in Europa nicht mehr gültig sind und neu bewertet werden müssen. So können beispielsweise bisher verfügbare Prognosemodelle den Korrosionsfortschritt nicht mehr ausreichend beschreiben, da durch die Verringerung des Schwefeldioxidgehaltes der Luft veränderte Mechanismen vorliegen. T2 - Sitzung des GfKORR Arbeitskreises „Zink und Zinküberzügel“ CY - Online meeting DA - 28.09.2021 KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion KW - Deckschichtbildung KW - Gelartige Elektrolyte KW - Zink PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53410 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schünemann, Pia A1 - Junge, Florian T1 - New adsorbent materials for PFAS N2 - PFAS are a growing area of concern, and there is a need for the development of new adsorbent materials for a variety of applications, including sample preparation in environmental analysis and the remediation of water resources from PFAS contamination. In this presentation, we will discuss the next steps of the corporation and introduce some ideas for new adsorbent materials. T2 - Network Meeting SFB 1349 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 07.11.2024 KW - PFAS KW - Adsorber KW - Environmental Analysis PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61762 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seneschal-Merz, Karine T1 - New UV-protective glazing for the conservation of cultural assets N2 - For centuries, churches, secular buildings and museums have been furnished with valuable works of art. Many works of art are UV- and light-sensitive. It is well known that especially UV radiation causes damage and discoloration in paintings, textiles, plastics, wood and other materials. In particular, the wavelengths between 280 and 410 nm cause color changes, embrittlement or destruction of e.g. plastics over time. Therefore, strongly UV-absorbing glasses are advantageous for architecture and are necessary for the protection of cultural assets. As restorers in all disciplines become more and more aware, the demands placed on buildings and their furnishings in terms of climate are becoming increasingly detailed and precise. The aim in each case is to preserve the valuable artwork. For some years now, the industry has been offering the protection of cultural objects by installing special UV-protective glasses. Currently, UV protection for church buildings is realized by laminated safety glass equipped with appropriate UV-protective plastic films. Technically, this always means a second pane of glass in front of the windows, which is installed outside the building. This creates climatic gaps that are difficult to control and deterioration due to ageing effects can be expected. At the same time, this protective glazing is not invisible and has a considerable aesthetic influence on the interior and exterior appearance of the building. Meanwhile, the preservation of historical monuments accepts such aesthetic cuts on buildings in order to protect the artwork in the interior from UV light. To this day, however, the long-term durability of UV protection provided by inserted plastic films is still controversial. To date the only available alternative on the market is a mouth-blown UV protection glass which uses a so-called overlay to provide UV protection. This shows that UV protection can also be achieved by glasses without plastic films thus realizing an exclusive inorganic protection which normally is more stable than a polymeric one. So far there are not enough studies to prove long-term durability. The aim of this project is to provide existing glazing or new glazing to be created with a highly transparent layer that ensures this UV-protective filter function below 400 nm. The glass coating is to be applied to the glass over a large area and fired into the surface like a classic ceramic enamel paint with the same technics. In addition, it should be long-term durable in its function. It means, that the glass has to be fused at temperatures below 630 °C during the firing process, its chemical durability has to be high, its coefficient of thermal expansion has to be as close as the one of the substrate (usually float glass) and the glass has to absorb the UV-radiation within a thin thickness (thinner as 100 µm). In this project, the long-term durability of commercial UV-protective glasses is examined. New low melting glasses containing UV-absorbing ions are being developed. Their UV-absorption as a thin layer is analyzed as well as their chemical durability and their thermal properties. We are grateful to BMWI for the financial support in the frame of the Central Innovation Programme for SMEs (ZIM). T2 - HVG-DGG: 94. Glastechnische Tagung CY - Online meeting DA - 10.05.2021 KW - Glass KW - Low melting KW - Chemical durability KW - Weathering tests KW - Aging test KW - UV absorption KW - UV protection KW - Architecture KW - Optical properties PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52648 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schlegel, Moritz-Caspar T1 - Normative Kernbedarfe einer Circular Economy N2 - Vorstellung von Schlüsselgremien und Aktivitäten bzgl. der Schaffung einer normativen und untergesetzlichen Basis zur Etablierung einer Circular Economy. T2 - Fraunhofer IZM AK Rechtskonformes Umweltmanagement CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 28.02.2023 KW - Circular Economy KW - Kreislaufwirtschaft KW - Produkteffizienz KW - Materialeffizienz KW - Europäische Kommission PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57054 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heise, Svenja T1 - Normentwurf für ein Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung von Deckschichtwiderständen an Zinküberzügen mittels gelartiger Elektrolyte (WIPANO - GELELEK) N2 - Der Vortrag stellt eine Ergebniszusammenfassung des WIPANO-Vorhabens GELELEK im Hinblick auf eine Normung dar. Dafür wird das Projekt zunächst kurz vorgestellt, um anschließend auf normungsrelevante Parameter einzugehen. Dazu gehören insbesondere die Umgebungs- und Messbedingungen, die Herstellungsparameter der Gelpads, das Messverfahren selbst sowie die messbaren Proben. Ein erster Ausblick auf den Normvorschlag wird gegeben. T2 - 14. Sitzung des NA 062-01-77 AA „Korrosionsprüfverfahren“ CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.02.2020 KW - Deckschichtbildung KW - Gelartige Elektrolyte KW - Korrosion KW - Korrosionsprüfung KW - Zinküberzüge KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50536 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schlegel, Moritz-Caspar T1 - Normungsaktivitäten zur Umsetzung einer Circular Economy und die Schnittmenge zur Politik N2 - Der Vortrag fasst die Schnittmenge zwischen Normung und Politik bezüglich einer zirkulären Wirtschaft (Circular Economy) zusammen. Es wird an konkreten Schlüsselgremien und praktischen Beispielen gezeigt, wie Circular Economy bereits heute durch Normung gelingen kann und welche Zuarbeit durch die Politik von den Normungsgremien erbeten wird. T2 - TASIMA 2023 CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 11.09.2023 KW - Circular Economy KW - Kreislaufwirtschaft KW - Normung KW - Zirkuläre Wirtschaft PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58407 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schlegel, Moritz-Caspar T1 - Normungsroadmap Circular Economy - Highlights N2 - Eines haben die Krisen dieses Jahrzehnts gemeinsam: Sie motivieren zum Handeln. Bezüglich der Klimakrise wird eine grundlegende Änderung unseres Wirtschaftens als wesentlicher Lösungsweg gesehen. Die aktuell praktizierte lineare Wertschöpfung führte zu Ressourcenknappheit und -abhängigkeit und trug aktiv zur Verstärkung des Klimawandels bei. Wie wir in diesem Jahrzehnt unseren Absprung von gewohnten Produktions-, Konsum- und Verwertungsmustern gestalten, wird entscheidend für die nächsten Jahrzehnte sein. Die Frage, wie bis 2030 die Transformation hin zu einer zirkulären Wirtschaft gelingen kann, wurde u.a. von der Circular Economy Initiative Deutschland beantwortet. Sie nennt zehn Handlungsschwerpunkte, wobei „Standardisierung“ mit an wichtigster Stelle steht. Dieses beruht auf Gegenseitigkeit. Auf der diesjährigen G7 Standardisation High-level Conference wurde Circular Economy zu dem Themabereich mit dem größten Potential für Klimaschutzmaßnahmen gesehen. In 2022 haben DIN, DKE und VDI mit über 500 Fachexperten aus Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Politik an einer Normungsroadmap Circular Economy gearbeitet. Die BAM war in fünf von sieben Schwerpunktthemen beteiligt. Ziel der Roadmap ist es, einen Handlungsrahmen für die Normung und Standardisierung zu schaffen, der die Transformation hin zu einer Circular Economy fördert. Normen und Standards bilden den untergesetzlichen und technischen Rahmen, auf denen eine zirkuläre Wirtschaft aufwachsen kann. Sie definieren Schnittstellen und stellen eine klare Kommunikation zwischen den verschiedenen Phasen des zirkulären Kreislaufes sicher – sie machen einen Kreislauf erst möglich. In der Präsentation sind die Highlights der Normungsroadmap Circular Economy dargestellt. Die Roadmap liefert einen Überblick über die aktuelle Normungslandschaft sowie die An- und Herausforderungen zu Schwerpunktthemen wie Elektrotechnik, Kunststoffe, Verpackungen, Textilien, Bauwerke, etc. Mit >250 Normungs- und Standardisierungsbedarfen zeigt die Roadmap konkrete Handlungsfelder auf, ebenfalls mit Überschneidungen zum Geschäftsfeld der BAM. T2 - Abteilungsseminar Abteilung S CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.01.2023 KW - Circular Economy KW - Kreislaufwirtschaft KW - Normungsroadmap KW - Klimawandel PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-56817 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schlegel, Moritz-Caspar T1 - Normungsroadmap Circular Economy - Inhalte und Ansätze zur Umsetzung N2 - Der Vortrag umfasst eine Einsortierung der Circular Economy in der Normung, skizziert die Inhalte der DIN/DKE/VDI-Normungsroadmap Circular Economy bezüglich Digitalisierung, Elektrotechnik und IKT sowie Batterien und zeigt Schnittstellen zur Politik. Zum Schluss zeigt der Vortrag erste Ansätze zur Umsetzung der in der Normungsroadmap beschriebenen Normungsbedarfe. T2 - EXFO 2023 Global Environmental Compliance - Ecodesign & Nachhaltigkeit CY - Online meeting DA - 23.03.2023 KW - Circular Economy KW - Kreislaufwirtschaft KW - Normung KW - Ressourceneffizienz KW - Materialeffizienz PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57205 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schünemann, Pia T1 - Novel Approaches to PFAS Monitoring: extractable organic fluorine as a PFAS sum parameter N2 - In this project a sum parameter approach (extractable organic fluorine, EOF) is used to monitor a broad spectrum of PFAS in surface water. Herein, high resolution continuum source molecular adsorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) is employed for fast and sensitive measurements. An environmental study was carried out on the River Spree. Samples were collected over the course of one year to allow a more detailed look into seasonal changes. Following this, a range of options are being investigated with a view to removing PFAS from the environment regarding water samples. Potential adsorber materials are explored based on Graphene (in cooperation with the Haag-Group) and COFs (in cooperation with the Emmerling-Group). Initial experiments were performed, and the preliminary results are presented. Furthermore, experiments for PFAS adsorption are being improved and PFAS specific adsorption will be analyzed. Sum Parameter approaches have the chance to identify Hot-Spots in the environment and to cover a broad range of PFAS in a single measurement. Moreover, an overview of the environmental pollution is provided. T2 - PhD Retreat SFB 1349 CY - Misdroy, Poland DA - 28.04.2025 KW - PFAS KW - HR-CS-GFMAS KW - Environmental Analysis KW - Adsorber PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63138 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Harald T1 - OECD TG 125 Particle size and size distribution of Nanomaterials N2 - This presentation was held in an OECD Webinar introducing the newly developed and published OECD TG 125 on particle size and size distribution. The presentation is explaining the structure if the TG 125 and addresses all included methods and methodologies in a short and understandable way for the broader public. The presentation includes sections about nano-particles and nano-fibres. T2 - Webinar Series on Testing and Assessment Methodologies CY - Online meeting DA - 07.02.2023 KW - Nano KW - Nanomaterials KW - OECD KW - Test guideline KW - Size PY - 2023 UR - https://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/nanomet/presentations-webinar-nanomaterials-particle-size-distribution-test-guideline-125.pdf AN - OPUS4-58447 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Oberbeckmann, Sonja T1 - On the intersection of microbiome and material research: what can be achieved? N2 - Any surface in the environment acts as hotspot for microbial attachment and activity. These biofilms represent the interface between humans and the environment. While in the past biofilms were often seen as disturbance, we now start to understand the enormous potential of beneficial biofilms. They can be used in a broad range of applications and are sources for new microorganisms and traits. After all, biofilms represent a great example for a collaborative lifestyle. T2 - Bioeconomy Changemakers Festival, Hereon CY - Teltow, Germany DA - 14.03.2024 KW - Biofilm KW - Microbiome KW - Sustainability KW - Biosphere KW - Microplastics PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60202 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stawski, Tomasz T1 - Particle-mediated origins of mesocrystalline disorder in calcium sulfate single crystals N2 - Calcium sulfate minerals are abundant in natural and engineered environments and they exist in the form of three hydrates: gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), bassanite (CaSO4·0.5H2O), and anhydrite (CaSO4). Due to their relevance in natural and industrial processes, the formation pathways of these calcium sulfate phases from aqueous solution have been the subject of intensive research1. The state-of-the-art of the calcium sulfate formation mechanisms builds upon and goes beyond what we have come to appreciate in the astounding intricacy of other mineral formation processes from ions in aqueous solutions. The original, and rather naive, 'textbook' image of these phenomena, stemming from the adaptation of classical nucleation and growth theories, has increased in complexity due to the discovery of a variety of precursor and intermediate species2. These include solute clusters (e.g. prenucleation clusters, PNCs), liquid(-like) phases, as well as amorphous and nanocrystalline solids etc.. In this context, a number of studies have already revealed that nucleation in the CaSO4-H2O system is non-classical, where the formation of the different crystalline phases involves several steps including a common amorphous precursor1, 3, 4. In this contribution we show that the formation of the amorphous phase involves the aggregation of small primary particles into larger disordered aggregates exhibiting a "brick-in-the-wall" structure5, 6. The actual crystallization occurs by the restructuring and coalescence of the particles ("bricks") into a given calcium sulfate phase depending on the physicochemical conditions of the solution. Importantly, the rearrangement process does not continue until a (nearly-)perfect homogeneous single crystal is obtained. Instead it comes to a stop, or at least significantly slows down. Such a process thus yields a final imperfect mesocrystal, composed of smaller domains rather than a continuous crystal structure, within which the domains are separated by an amorphous (i.e. less ordered) calcium sulfate phase. Hence, the non-classical crystallization process of CaSO4 yields a final imperfect mesocrystal with an overall morphology resembling that of a single crystal, yet composed of smaller nano-domains. Importantly, these observations reveal that organic-free calcium sulfate mesocrystals grown by a particle mediated-pathway preserve in the final crystal structure a “memory” or “imprint” of their non-classical nucleation process, something that has been overlooked until now. Furthermore, the nano-scale misalignment of the structural sub-units within these crystals can propagate through the length-scales, and be expressed macroscopically as misaligned zones/domains in large single crystals. Indeed, by considering large anhydrite crystals from the famous Naica Mine (“Cueva de los cristales”) we observed a suite of correlated self-similar void defects spanning multiple length-scales7. These flaws, in the macroscopic crystal, stem from “seeds of imperfection” originating from a particle-mediated nucleation pathway. Hence, building a crystal could be viewed as Nature stacking blocks in a game of Tetris, whilst slowly forgetting the games core concept and failing to fill rows completely. T2 - ECCG: European Conference on Crystal Growth 7 CY - Paris, France DA - 25.07.2022 KW - Anhydrite KW - SAXS KW - Single crystal KW - Mesocrystal PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56276 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - PE-Rezyklat Einsatz in Gefahrgutbehältern? N2 - In diesem Vortrag geht es darum zu beschreiben, ob Rezyklat für PE Behälter gefüllt mit Gefahrgut Anwendung finden darf. Kanister aus Neuware und Rezyklat wurden verschiedenen Untersuchungen unterzogen. Es wurde der Feststoff und Leachable getestet. Methoden sind TED-GC/MS und GC-HRMS. Proben der Leachable wurden nach 1 und 4 Wochen genommen und die Peakanzahl vergleichen dargestellt. Als Lösemittel wurden Wasser, Ethanol, EtOAc, Ammoniak und HNO3 verwendet. T2 - Fachaustausch Projekt GeSKAR CY - Dessau, Germany DA - 10.01.2025 KW - Gefahrgutbehälter KW - Rezyklat PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62396 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): from analytical methods to thermal and mechanochemical treatment N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of more than 12,000 organofluorine surfactants. As a result of continuous and prolific use, mainly in aviation firefighting foams, thousands of industrial and military installations have been found to contain contaminated soil, groundwater and surface water. . Current decontamination strategies of PFAS-burdened soils mainly consist of adsorption methods using adsorbents for fixation of PFAS in the ground. A second option is the utilization of a “pump and treat” process, cycling polluted soils through a washing plant leading to the concentration of the pollutants in the fine fraction. Both approaches are cost-intensive and not intended for the direct decomposition of all PFAS contaminants. Furthermore, the contaminated adsorbants have to be safely thermal treated for recovery. Hence, there is a great demand for innovative developments, dealing with new strategies of tackling the PFAS problem. Previously, mechanochemical treatment of polychlorinated organic compounds in soils showed an efficient dechlorination. Thus, we investigated mechanochemical treatment of PFAS contaminated soils with various additives in a ball mill. T2 - Al-Balqa Applied University seminar CY - Al-Salt, Jordan DA - 23.02.2025 KW - Combustion Ion Chromatography KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - XANES spectroscopy KW - Thermal treatment KW - Remediation PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62617 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - Per- und polyfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) während der Klärschlammverbrennung – Analytische Methoden zur Überwachung N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of more than 12,000 anionic cationic, zwitterionic and neutral anthropologic substances which have been used extensively in a variety of products and industries due to their lipo- and hydrophobic properties, and inert physical and chemical stability. As a result of continuous use of fluorinated consumer products, effluents and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been shown to be an important source of PFAS contamination in the environment. While environmental exposure of organic pollutants like PFAS, pesticides and pharmaceuticals have to be avoided, phosphorus from sewage sludge must be used in Germany among other things to produce high-quality P-fertilizers for a circular economy. However, the fate of legacy and emerging PFAS compounds during sewage sludge incineration or pyrolysis is for the most parts still unknown. In particular, PFAS analysis in exhaust air from industrial facilities has not yet been standardized in Germany, which means that no comparable results are available for possible regulation. T2 - Berliner Klärschlamm Konferenz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.11.2024 KW - Klärschlamm KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61628 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nordholt, Niclas T1 - Persistence against benzalkonium chloride promotes rapid evolution of tolerance under periodic disinfection N2 - A presentation given at the VAAM conference 2022, summarizing our findings published in the research paper "Persistence against benzalkonium chloride promotes rapid evolution of tolerance under periodic disinfection" T2 - Annual conference of the association for general and applied microbiology (VAAM) 2022 CY - Düsseldorf, Germany DA - 21.02.2022 KW - Persistence KW - Biocides KW - Evolution KW - Cross-resistance KW - Biocide tolerance KW - Disinfection PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54437 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - PFAS analysis by fluorine K-edge XANES spectroscopy and thermal and mechanochemical treatment N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of more than 12,000 organofluorine surfactants. As a result of continuous and prolific use, mainly in aviation firefighting foams, thousands of industrial and military installations have been found to contain contaminated soil, groundwater and surface water. . Current decontamination strategies of PFAS-burdened soils mainly consist of adsorption methods using adsorbents for fixation of PFAS in the ground. A second option is the utilization of a “pump and treat” process, cycling polluted soils through a washing plant leading to the concentration of the pollutants in the fine fraction. Both approaches are cost-intensive and not intended for the direct decomposition of all PFAS contaminants. Furthermore, the contaminated adsorbants have to be safely thermal treated for recovery. Hence, there is a great demand for innovative developments, dealing with new strategies of tackling the PFAS problem. Previously, mechanochemical treatment of polychlorinated organic compounds in soils showed an efficient dechlorination. Thus, we investigated mechanochemical treatment of PFAS contaminated soils with various additives in a ball mill. T2 - SEMICON CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 12.12.2024 KW - Mechanochemical treatment KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - XANES spectroscopy KW - Thermal treatment PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62183 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koch, Matthias T1 - PFAS-Analytik – Ein Überblick N2 - Die Gruppe der PFAS (Per- und polyfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen) mit mehr als 10.000 Substanzen stellt ein zunehmendes Problem bei der Bewertung und Entsorgung belasteter Abfälle dar. Die zuverlässige PFAS-Analytik stellt hier aufgrund der Vielzahl an Einzelparametern mit zum Teil sehr großen Konzentrationsunterschieden eine komplexe Herausforderung dar. Der Vortrag gibt zunächst einen Überblick über grundlegende Anforderungen an die LC-MS/MS Analytik von PFAS-Targetsubstanzen. Am Beispiel eines von BAM und SenMVKU organisierten Ringversuches 2024 zur Bestimmung von PFAS in Bodenproben (Feststoffe und Eluate) wird auf spezifische Fragestellungen zur PFAS-Analytik eingegangen. Zur Verbesserung von Richtigkeit und Vergleichbarkeit ist die Einhaltung von Normvorgaben und die Anwendung von Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahmen unerlässlich. Hierzu gehören u.a. die Verwendung zuverlässiger Kalibrierstandards, die Kalibrierung mit definierten n-Isomeren, die Quantifizierung der Summe aus n-/br-Isomeren, der Einsatz isotopenmarkierter interner Standards für die LC-MS/MS Analyse, die Verwendung von Matrix-Referenzmaterialien sowie die Teilnahme an Ringversuchen. T2 - Schaffung von Laborkapazitäten zur Untersuchung PFAS-belasteter Abfälle CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 11.09.2024 KW - PFAS KW - Ringversuch KW - Qualitätssicherung KW - Referenzmaterial PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61014 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nordholt, Niclas T1 - Phenotypic heterogeneity in bacterial lag times and antibiotic tolerance induced by the disinfectant glutaraldehyde N2 - Phenotypic heterogeneity in clonal bacterial populations can be considered a preliminary stage of functional differentiation, which may increase population fitness in fluctuating environments. Here, we investigated how transient exposure of clonal bacterial populations to residual amounts of a commonly used disinfectant, glutaraldehyde (GTA), induces phenotypic heterogeneity, ensuring survival of the population upon sudden challenge with high doses of antibiotics. Using the ScanLag system, we found that exposure to GTA resulted in wide lag-time distributions across different bacterial isolates of E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa. Importantly, this was associated with elevated levels of survival (i.e. tolerance) towards lethal doses of antibiotics. As revealed by RNAseq in E. coli, GTA exposure caused global transcriptome remodeling, with more than 1200 differentially expressed genes of diverse biological functions. Several of these genes that were not previously associated with antibiotic tolerance or persistence induced, when overexpressed alone, antibiotic tolerance without showing a lag phenotype. This suggests that exposure to GTA induces unspecific, lag-dependent and specific, lag-independent tolerance to antibiotics in clonal bacterial populations. These findings have implications for 1.) settings where disinfectants and antibiotics are used in close proximity, such as hospitals and animal husbandry, and 2.) for the selection dynamics of tolerant pheno- and genotypes in fluctuating environments because of the trade-off that arises from exiting lag and resuming growth as fast as possible and maintaining antibiotic tolerance. This trade-off may be weakened by phenotypically heterogeneous clonal populations as induced by GTA. T2 - 1st International Conference on Emergent Functions of Bacterial Multicellularity CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 06.01.2025 KW - Disinfectants KW - Biocides KW - Phenotypic heterogeneity PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62462 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nordholt, Niclas T1 - Phenotypic heterogeneity in bacterial lag times and antibiotic tolerance induced by the disinfectant glutaraldehydePhenotypic heterogeneity in bacterial lag times and antibiotic tolerance induced by the disinfectant glutaraldehyde N2 - Phenotypic heterogeneity in clonal bacterial populations can be considered a preliminary stage of functional differentiation, which may increase population fitness in fluctuating environments. Here, we investigated how transient exposure of clonal bacterial populations to residual amounts of a commonly used disinfectant, glutaraldehyde (GTA), induces phenotypic heterogeneity, ensuring survival of the population upon sudden challenge with high doses of antibiotics. Using the ScanLag system, we found that exposure to GTA resulted in wide lag-time distributions across different bacterial isolates of E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa. Importantly, this was associated with elevated levels of survival (i.e. tolerance) towards lethal doses of antibiotics. As revealed by RNAseq in E. coli, GTA exposure caused global transcriptome remodeling, with more than 1200 differentially expressed genes of diverse biological functions. Several of these genes that were not previously associated with antibiotic tolerance or persistence induced, when overexpressed alone, antibiotic tolerance without showing a lag phenotype. This suggests that exposure to GTA induces unspecific, lag-dependent and specific, lag-independent tolerance to antibiotics in clonal bacterial populations. These findings have implications for 1.) settings where disinfectants and antibiotics are used in close proximity, such as hospitals and animal husbandry, and 2.) for the selection dynamics of tolerant pheno- and genotypes in fluctuating environments because of the trade-off that arises from exiting lag and resuming growth as fast as possible and maintaining antibiotic tolerance. This trade-off may be weakened by phenotypically heterogeneous clonal populations as induced by GTA. T2 - FAST REAL Project Meeting Tartu CY - Tartu, Estonia DA - 16.06.2025 KW - Biocides KW - Biocide resistance KW - Phenotypic heterogeneity KW - Glutaraldehyde KW - Disinfectants PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63834 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nordholt, Niclas T1 - Phenotypic heterogeneity in disinfection: sources and consequences for antimicrobial resistance N2 - A summary of projects here at BAM which investigate the influence of phenotypic heterogeneity on the outcome of disinfection and the influence on antimicrobial resistance. This presentation was given in the Theory Seminar of the Quantitative and Theoretical Biology group of Prof. Oliver Ebenhöh at HHU Düsseldorf T2 - Theory Seminar in the Quantitative and Theoretical Biology group at HHU Düsseldorf CY - Düsseldorf, Germany DA - 24.02.2022 KW - Disinfection KW - Biocides KW - Heterogeneity KW - Resistance PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54442 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumacher, Julia T1 - Photoperception in plant- and rock-associated black fungi N2 - Fungi that share light-flooded habitats with phototrophs may profit from their excess photosynthetic products. Sunlight-associated stresses are however multiple: high temperatures, UV radiation with associated DNA damage, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), desiccation and osmotic stresses. Ascomycota dominating light-flooded habitats accurately sense and respond to changes in light using it as a cue to coordinate growth, stress responses as well as to establish pathogenic or symbiotic relationships. Two species from two light-flooded habitats – phyllosphere and sun-exposed solid surfaces – were analysed for their photoreceptor distribution. In both habitats phototroph-associated and black [dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin-containing] fungi are prevalent. This diversity was sampled with the plant-associated fungus Botrytis cinerea (Leotiomycetes), while Knufia petricola (Eurotiomycetes) was included as a typical biofilm-former on sun-exposed solid surfaces e.g. rocks, building facades, roofs, and solar panels. The analysis has shown that genomes of black fungi contain more photoreceptors than animal pathogens and saprophytes such as Aspergillus nidulans and Neurospora crassa1,2. B. cinerea that causes the grey mould disease by infecting the above-ground parts of more than 200 dicots has a highly sophisticated photosensory and signalling system that helps to avoid light and to locate susceptible hosts1. Rock-inhabiting Dothideomycetes and Eurotiomycetes including Knufia petricola possess equal numbers of photoreceptors along with the same set of protective metabolites i.e. melanin, carotenoids and mycosporines2. This similarity between black fungi from plant and rock surfaces suggests that photoperception and -regulation are important for sun-stressed fungi that receive nutrients through cooperation with phototrophs. CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic tools for manipulating K. petricola were established3 and are currently used for elucidating the functions of the different photoreceptors in the biology of rock-inhabiting fungi. This work was supported by the grant SCHU 2833/4-1 from the German Research Foundation (DFG) and internal funds of the BAM. T2 - 19th Congress of the European Society for Photobiology CY - Online meeting DA - 30.08.2021 KW - Fungi KW - Light KW - Extreme environments PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53191 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schreiber, Frank T1 - Physiological and evolutionary consequences of exposing Pseudomonas aeruginosa to biocide-antibiotic combinations N2 - Antimicrobials can exert specific physiological effects when used in combination that are different from those when applied alone. These effects include physiological effects (i.e. synergy, antagonism and suppression) as well as evolutionary effects on the selection of resistant strains (i.e. cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity). While combination effects have been extensively mapped for antibiotic-antibiotic combinations, the combination effects of antibiotics with antimicrobials used as biocides or antiseptics have not been systematically investigated. Here, we investigated the physiological and evolutionary consequences of combinations of antibiotics (meropenem, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin) and substances used as biocides or antiseptics (octenidine, benzalkonium chloride, cetrimonium bromide, chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine, silver) on growth and selection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We find prevalent physiological combination effects with synergy occurring 6 times and antagonism occurring 10 times. The effects are specific to the antibiotic-biocide combination with meropenem showing a tendency for antagonism with biocides (6 of 7), while gentamicin has a tendency for synergy (5 of 7). A particular strong antagonism is apparent for the meropenem-chlorhexidine combination, for which we conducted an in-depth study on the underlying molecular mechanism using RNASeq. Moreover, we find widespread effects of the biocide-antibiotic combinations on selection of P. aeruginosa strains resistant to the antibiotics, including cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity. In conclusion, antibiotics and biocides or antiseptics exert physiological and evolutionary combination effects on the pathogen P. aeruginosa. These effects have consequences for the efficacy of both types of substances and for the selection of antimicrobial resistant strains in clinical applications with combined exposure (e.g. wound care, coated biomaterials). T2 - Antimicrobial Resistance in Biofilms and on Biomaterials CY - Online meeting DA - 10.06.2021 KW - Antimicrobial resistance KW - Antimicrobial coating KW - Biofilms PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53162 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - PlasticsEurope - plastic powders - Reference materials N2 - The talk gives ideas about possible collaboration between BAM and PlasticEurope and their BRIGID project. T2 - Project meeting of BRIDGIT project of PlasticsEurope CY - Online meeting DA - 01.02.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - PlasticEurope PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57012 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - PlasticTrace WP1 – Stakeholder Workshop N2 - The talk summarizes the achievments of WP1 of the PlasticTrace project. Microplastic reference materials were developed by producing tablets. Different preparation methods were compared. Characterisation of the tablets was done after filtration with µFTIR, QCL, µRaman, Py-GC/MS and TED-GC/MS after ISO standards ISO 16094-2 and ISO/FDIS 16094-3. Polymer types are polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate. T2 - Stakeholder Workshop PlasticsTrace CY - Online meeting DA - 09.09.2025 KW - Microplastics KW - Reference materials KW - TED-GC/MS KW - PET PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64258 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Plastik in Böden: Mikroplastik-Analytik N2 - Im Vortrag wir eine Methode zur Analyse von Mikroplastik in Böden dargestellt. Es geht dabei um die Probenvorbereitung und Detektion. T2 - Fachgespräch "Plastik in Böden" CY - Online meeting DA - 28.03.2022 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Mikroplastik-Analytik KW - Methodenentwicklung Böden PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54646 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Plastik in Böden: Mikroplastik-Ergebnisse N2 - In diesem Vortrag geht um die Vorstellung der Ergebnisse des UBA Projektes Plastik in Böden. Es werden Mikroplastik-Gehalte in verschiedenen Böden präsentiert. T2 - Fachgespräch "Plastik in Böden" CY - Online meeting DA - 28.03.2022 KW - Mikroplastik KW - Mikroplastik Böden KW - Mikroplastik-Analytik PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54648 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Preliminary results of an interlaboratory comparison on microplastics organised by plasticsfate N2 - Microplastics are everywhere in the environment, but analytics is challenging. Since harmonisation is missing as well es suitable reference materials, BAM did under th umbrella of VAMAS funded by the EU Horizon 2020 project PlasticsFate a ILC for microplastic detection methods. Methods adressed were IR, Raman, Py-GC/MS and TED-GC/MS. The talk gives a first presentation and evaluation on the results. T2 - CUSP annual meeting and conference CY - Utrecht, Netherlands DA - 12.09.2023 KW - Microplastics KW - TED-GC/MS KW - Polymer 3R KW - Reference material KW - ILC on detection methods PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60036 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grimmer, Christoph T1 - Preparation of novel emission reference materials: μ-capsules & impregnated porous materials N2 - Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by furniture and building materials can cause health issues. For an improvement of indoor air quality low emitting materials should be used. Quality assurance and –control (QA/QC) measures require an emission reference material (ERM) with a predictable emission rate of VOCs. The idea is to use porous materials as ERM, which store the VOCs inside their pores and emit them constantly. T2 - WORKSHOP: METROLOGY FOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY CY - Mol, Belgium DA - 18.10.2023 KW - Emission reference materials KW - Indoor air quality KW - Materials emissions test KW - VOC PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59961 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Production of reference materials using a quality by design approach N2 - Accurate analysis of microplastics is based on validated methods and the use of standardized protocols. Therefore, reference materials are essential to determine recovery rates and optimise the existing workflows. The reference materials should mimic the reality in terms of particle properties and concentration and are intended for a special use. The Quality-by-Design approach helps to select the users need and defines a target product profile with mandatory and desired particle properties. We will address different reference material top-down production processes with their limits and challenges for production of materials varying in size ranges of micro- and nanoplastics. T2 - OECD Workshop on Nanoplastics CY - Paris, France DA - 12.11.2025 KW - Microplastics KW - Reference materials KW - Nanoplastics KW - Quality-by-Design PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64717 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altmann, Korinna T1 - Production of small micro- and nanoplastic reference materials supporting harmonization and standardization N2 - The MICROPLASTICdays at Ljubliana, Slowenia, were organized in cooperation with the PRIORITY cost action. The topic has been reference materials this time. The talk gives an idea of the preparation of reference materials in micro- and nanoplastic topic to support standardisation and regulation. It defines the term of micro-and nanoplastics and presents different case studies and critical attributes to the production depending on the enduser needs. T2 - MICROPLASTICdays CY - Ljubljana, Slovenia DA - 25.03.2025 KW - Microplastics KW - Nanoplastics KW - Reference materials PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62801 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nordholt, Niclas T1 - Progress on STOP-project WP5 and WP6 at BAM N2 - An overview of the progress that has been made on testing of antimicrobial efficacy and method development in the STOP project at BAM. T2 - STOP project meeting 09/2024 CY - Bukarest, Romania DA - 18.09.2024 KW - Antimicrobial surfaces KW - ISO22196 PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61178 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - Quantification of Perfluorocarboxylic Acids in Water Samples via Static Headspace Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry N2 - Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) are one of the most prominent and studied subgroups of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), which have attracted great interest in environmental and toxicology research due to their intensive use in combination with their persistence, mobility and potential threat to ecosystems and human health. The standard method to quantify PFCAs in water samples is liquid chromatography or, for additional quantification of ultrashort-chain PFCAs (carbon chain length of two or three carbon atoms) too, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, in each case coupled with mass spectrometry. However, there are a lot of laboratories using MS coupled to headspace gas chromatography systems (HS-GC-MS), usually to quantify a wide range of volatile organic compounds. While PFCAs themselves are difficult to measure with HS-GC-MS in water samples, this challenge can be solved by derivatizing the acids to more volatile compounds, like esters. This approach could enable laboratories using HS-GC-MS to analyse and monitor PFCAs in environmental water samples. By following this idea, we successfully developed a HS-GC-MS method to quantify PFCAs in ultrapure water. Trifluoric acid (TFA), perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOS) served as exemplary analytes of PFCAs, which were derivatized with methanol and concentrated sulfuric acid to form methyl esters. The method was optimized by varying different preparation and measurement parameters, leading to limits of detection and quantification in the two-digit ppt-range for all four analytes. The method was than tested on various real water samples, including tap and bottled water, groundwater, landfill leachate, treated wastewater and impinger water from a sewage sludge incineration experiment. Furthermore, snow samples from a ski slope were analysed too. TFA was the most frequently detected PFAA, with concentrations in the ppt and low ppb range. The detection and quantification of the remaining three PFCAs vary with the sample types and sampling location.Our results show that HS-GC-MS is suitable, and enables laboratories with this technique, to quantify PFCAs water samples. T2 - SETAC Europe CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 11.05.2025 KW - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Groundwater KW - GC-MS PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63094 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gerrits, Ruben T1 - Quantifying and modelling growth of a subaerial black fungus N2 - Environmental, black fungi are known for their oligotrophic lifestyle and melanin production and are ubiquitous colonisers of natural and anthropogenic subaerial surfaces like marble monuments, washing machine soap dispensers and solar panels. Even though their growth is generally unappreciated, prevention or inhibition thereof is still to be accomplished. We have chosen the genetically amenable, black fungus Knufia petricola as a model species to study these organisms. Our goal is simple: the quantitative description of its growth on various environmental conditions to create a mathematical model using the iDynoMiCS 2.0 platform which could allow the development of a mitigation strategy. The conditions to be tested are the quantity and type of carbon and nitrogen sources, the pH and the presence of neighbouring colonies. First results showed that colonies grown on agar have the highest extension rates at pH 5, 0.01M NO3 or NH4, and 0.1M glucose or sucrose. Interestingly, extension rates but also CO2 production was unaffected by an increase in the concentration of the C-source from 0.01M to 0.1M. On a microscale, we observed that medium containing more C resulted in a higher quantity of branches produced by a single cell and not in a higher single cell growth rate. This rapidly results in a more compact microcolony versus the more extended colonies on C-deficient media. We believe that such deeper knowledge on the growth of black fungi will help mitigate their material colonisation and deterioration. T2 - IMC12 CY - Maastricht, Netherlands DA - 09.08.2024 KW - Black fungi KW - Modelling KW - Carbon and nitrogen limitation PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61170 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Richter, Anja T1 - Reducing Escherichia coli adhesion to PET by modulating spatial periods of laser-induced surface nanoripples N2 - Using nanofiber-like cell appendages, secreted proteins and sugars, bacteria can establish initial surface contact followed by irreversible adhesion and the formation of multicellular biofilms. Here, the stabilizing extracellular biofilm matrix together with physiological changes on the single cell level leads to an increased resilience towards harsh environmental conditions, antimicrobials, the host immune response and established cleaning procedures. Persistent microbial adhesion on e.g., medical implants, in water supply networks or food-processing industry is often associated with chronic inflammation, nosocomial and foodborne infections, enhanced biofouling and product contamination. To prevent persistent microbial colonization, antibacterial surface strategies often target the initial steps of biofilm formation and impede adhesion of single cells before a mature biofilm is being formed. While chemical coatings have been widely used, their restricted biocompatibility for eukaryotic cells and attenuated antibacterial-effects due to compound release limit their areas of application and alternative strategies focus on modified surfaces topographies to impede bacterial adhesion. In this work, we used ns-UV laser treatment (wavelength 248 nm and a pulse duration of 20 ns) to generate laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) with different submicrometric periods ranging from ~210 to ~610 nm on commercial poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) foils. Following structurally and chemically analyses, PET samples were subjected to bacterial colonization studies with Escherichia coli TG1, a bacterial test strain with a strong biofilm formation capacity due to the formation of nanofiber-like cell-appendages (pili). Bacterial adhesion tests revealed that E. coli repellence decisively depends on the spatial periods of the LIPSS with the strongest reduction (~91%) in cell adhesion observed for LIPSS periods of 214 nm. Scanning electron microscopy and additional biofilm studies using a pili-deficient E. coli TG1 strain revealed the importance of extracellular appendages in the bacterial repellence observed here, thus, pointing out new antibiotics-free strategies for antibacterial surfaces by impeding nanofiber-mediated bacterial adhesion. T2 - E-MRS Spring Meeting 2022 CY - Online meeting DA - 30.05.2022 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Bacterial adhesion tests KW - Bacteria repellent surfaces KW - Polymer foils KW - E. coli PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54930 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -