TY - CONF A1 - Buchheim, Janine A1 - Recknagel, Christoph A1 - Wolter, Patrick A1 - Kittler-Packmor, Kai T1 - A new approach towards performance-related design and scientific evaluation of joint sealing systems N2 - While there is a permanent improvement of concrete pavement mixtures and pavement construction types over the last decades, the state-of-the-art joint sealing materials and joint constructions seem to stagnate on an antiquated empirical level. This status has been reaffirmed in the latest European standard. The consequences in the motorway network due to unsatisfying capability and durability of joint sealing systems are unacceptable. In addition, inadequate traffic performance (noise emissions, roll-over comfort) and traffic safety losses in the joint area of concrete pavements are existing challenges. These deficits and weaknesses reflect a demand for joint sealing materials and constructions whose approval requirements take functional aspects into account. Furthermore a sufficient analysis of decisive loads and a practice-oriented method to evaluate the requirements towards performance and durability is still missed. In this contribution decisive loads to German highways are analyzed. The design of test specimen for representative functional testing of joint sealing systems is discussed. The focus is on the geometry of the test specimens and the used concrete mixture. Finally, a new approach for a function-orientated test concept that considers representative load functions is presented. The potential of this approach to validate the durability and capability of various joint sealing systems is also presented using an example. T2 - RILEM International Symposium on Bituminous Materials CY - Online Meeting DA - 14.12.2020 KW - Joint sealing KW - Expansion joint KW - Performance testing KW - Capability KW - Durability PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-52437 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas T1 - Aktuelle Themen aus der Arbeit des Fachbeirats der BAM N2 - Es wird über aktuelle Arbeitsthemen und Entwicklungen im Fachbeirat berichtet. So wurde in einer Sondersitzung des Fachbeirats über die Entlassung aus der Nachsorgephase beim Einsatz von Geokunststoffprodukten in Böschungen diskutiert. Die Unterarbeitsgruppe Fremdüberwachung in der Produktion hat getagt. Darüber hinaus werden Änderungen in den Zulassungsrichtlinien für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen, Kunststoff-Dränelemente und für die Fremdüberwachung kurz vorgestellt. T2 - 16. Leipziger Deponiefachtagung CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 03.03.2020 KW - Deponie KW - Geogitter KW - Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50509 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Selina A1 - Schreiber, Frank T1 - Antimicrobial resistance in soil microbes mediated by resistance evolution and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) N2 - Biocides are in contact with soils through direct application and passive leaching from protected materials. Consequently, soil microorganisms are exposed to biocides even though they are not their primary targets. Soil is a large reservoir of microbial diversity and has been hypothesized to be a crucial factor for the evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Currently, there is little knowledge on how biocides used to protect materials affect the evolution and spread of resistance. Thus, our aim is to investigate the risk for the evolution of biocide resistance and cross-resistance to antibiotics. In addition, we aim to elucidate the affect of biocides on the spread of resistance via horizontal gene transfer (HGT). In adaptive laboratory evolution experiments we cultured selected model soil microorganism with representative biocides under selection regimes with increasing and stable biocide concentrations followed by antibiotic and biocide cross-resistance determination. Moreover, we investigate if the selected biocides affect the rates of de novo mutations and HGT of plasmids that carry resistance genes among soil microorganism. Our results show only small increases of biocide resistance during serial transfers under increasing biocide concentrations. One reason for this might be the narrow selective window for biocide resistance due to steep dose-response relationships. Furthermore, our results indicate that a stable low-level biocide regime did not select for high level cross-resistance to antibiotics and other biocides. Moreover, material preservatives affected the rates of HGT via conjugation and the mutation rates at sub-inhibitory concentrations. The results will enable future risk assessment regarding resistance evolution for biocides used as material preservatives. T2 - 4th Evo Eco PhD Meeting CY - Lutherstadt Wittenberg DA - 04.03.2020 KW - Microbiology KW - Biocides KW - Horizontal gene transfer HGT KW - Resistance evolution KW - Antimicrobial resistance PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51313 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Lehmann, Jens A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Auslagerungsversuche von Standardproben nach DIN EN ISO 9223 unter verschiedenen atmosphärischen Bedingungen N2 - Der Vortrag berichtet über die Auslagerung von Standardproben nach DIN EN ISO 9223 bis 9226 aus Zink, Stahl, Kupfer und Aluminium auf den verschiedenen atmosphärischen Bewitterungsständen der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM). Im Vortrag werden die Masseverluste, Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten und Korrosivitätskategorien der Standardproben im freibewitterten und überdachten Bereich nach einem Jahr vorgestellt und Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Atmosphärenbedingungen aufgezeigt. Freibewitterte Proben zeigen dabei deutliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich ihres Korrosionsverhaltens im Vergleich zu überdachten Proben. Die ermittelten Korrosivitätskategorien sind sowohl standort- als auch materialspezifisch. T2 - Gemeinsame Sitzung des GfKORR Arbeitskreises „Korrosionsschutz von Windenergieanlagen“ mit der Fachgruppe „Korrosionsschutz“ der WAB e.V. CY - Online meeting DA - 07.12.2020 KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion KW - Auslagerungsversuche KW - Freibewitterung KW - Korrosion PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51783 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erning, Johann Wilhelm A1 - Bobzien, M. T1 - Corrosion behaviour of printed 1.4404 in drinking water systems N2 - The regulations for materials in contact with drinking water require tests to evaluate the hygienic properties of the materials. A printed 1.4404 was tested according to EN 16056 and the suitability for the use in drinking water was proven. T2 - Eurocorr 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 07.09.2020 KW - Passivity KW - Drinking water KW - Stainless steel KW - Additive manufacturing PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51237 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumacher, Julia T1 - Genetic manipulation of the microcolonial black fungus Knufia petricola N2 - Microcolonial black fungi, a polyphyletic group of ascomycetes, exhibit constitutive melanin formation, yeast-like growth and high stress tolerances. They dominate – often together with bacteria and algae in sub-aerial biofilms – a range of hostile environments including natural and man-made ones, from salterns to dishwashers, roofs and solar panels. Because of lacking genetic tools and the slow growth of most isolates, the genetic bases for these specific properties are largely unknown. The rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola (Eurotiomycetes, Chaetothyriales) exhibits all characteristics of microcolonial black fungi and was selected as recipient for genetic engineering to study gene functions and genetic interactions. Different variants of green and red fluorescent proteins were successfully expressed indicating that fluorescence microscopy using genetically encoded fluorescent proteins and fluorescent dyes enables various cell biology approaches. Furthermore, genes of biosynthetic pathways (DHN melanin, carotenoids, uracil, adenine) were successfully mutated by applying traditional gene replacement and plasmid-based or ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-based CRISPR/Cas9 or silenced by RNA interference (RNAi). The availability of this advanced and efficient genetic toolbox and the annotated genome sequence of strain A95 makes K. petricola an excellent model for exploring the secrets of microcolonial black fungi. T2 - Departmental colloquium of the Tuscia University CY - Viterbo, Italy DA - 14.02.2020 KW - black fungus KW - genetics KW - Crispr/Cas9 PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50592 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wagner, Adrian T1 - Korrosionsuntersuchungen in Erdböden N2 - Das korrosionsverhalten von metallenen Werkstoffen in Erdböden besitzt unter Betrachtung der Dauerhaftigkeit sowie aus wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten eine entscheidende Bedeutung. Um zu überprüfen, ob ein metallener Werkstoff für eine bestimmte Bodenklasse geeignet/ beständig ist, müssen oftmals elektrochemische Korrosionsuntersuchungen im Boden durchgeführt werden. Da sich natürliche Böden aufgrund ihrer organischen Bestandteile mit der Zeit verändern, sind die Ergebnisse der Korrosionsuntersuchungen nicht reproduzierbar. Ziel dieser Untersuchungen ist es, künstliche Böden herzustellen, die aufgrund ihrer Eigenschaften (Bodenparameter) Bodenklassen der DIN 50292-3 zuzuordnen sind um zukünftig reproduzierbare Ergebnisse im Labor generieren zu können. T2 - 15. Sitzung des NA 062-01-77 AA "Korrosionsprüfverfahren" CY - Online meeting DA - 28.10.2020 KW - Korrosionsuntersuchungen in Böden KW - DIN 50929-3 KW - Deckschichtwiderstand KW - Auslagerungsversuch KW - Korrosion PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51521 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Life on the rocks and other hard surfaces N2 - After their discovery on rock surfaces in cold and hot deserts, a polyphyletic group of ascomycetous black fungi was found to dominate a range of hostile environments – natural and man-made, from salterns to dishwashers, roofs and solar panels. Together with bacteria and algae they may establish subaerial biofilms and cause weathering of the surfaces they grow on. Their impressive survival abilities as well as their constitutive protective pigmentation and cluster-like microcolony organisation are similar in environmental isolates as well as in heat-tolerant opportunistic pathogens of animals and humans. We selected the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola (class Eurotiomycetes, order Chaetothyriales) that exhibits all the characteristics of microcolonial black fungi such as yeast-like cell growth, absence of reproductive structures and constitutive dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanogenesis (Nai et al. 2013, Fungal Genet Biol). We developed protocols to efficiently generate and transform protoplasts resulting in stable homokaryotic transformants by targeting genes involved in pigment synthesis. The differences between the wild-type fungus and its melanin-deficient mutants were tested in geomicrobiological experiments and measured are now discussed in detail, with special accent on the possible effects of the mutation on EPS and other exuded substances. T2 - Departmental colloquium of the Tuscia University CY - Viterbo, Italy DA - 14.02.2020 KW - Ascomycetes KW - Fungal biofilms KW - Material surface colonisation KW - Genetics KW - Genomics KW - Extremophilic fungi PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50643 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumacher, Julia T1 - Many-sided DHN melanin – spotlight on its function in microcolonial black fungi N2 - Dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin is produced by different Ascomycetes via slightly differing biosynthetic routes. The polyketide synthases (PKS) release the heptaketide YWA1, the hexaketide AT4HN or the pentaketide T4HN. The first two products are deacetylated by ‘yellowish-green’ hydrolases to T4HN, and T4HN is further converted by a core set of enzymes to DHN. Final polymerization steps are accomplished by multicopper oxidases. DHN melanogenesis is often regulated in a spatial and temporal fashion resulting e.g. in melanized reproduction, survival and/or infection structures. Remarkable is the regulation of the DHN melanogenesis in the foliar plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea: it involves two differently expressed PKSs providing the precursor in conidia and sclerotia, respectively (Schumacher 2016, Mol Microbiol). In contrast, a polyphyletic group of Ascomycetes (microcolonial fungi/ black yeast) dwelling in hostile habitats such as bare rock surfaces in hot and cold deserts, exhibits constitutive melanogenesis. Here, DHN melanin builds a protective layer around all vegetative cells thus contributing to the survival of diverse environmental stresses even without specialized reproduction structures. As part of our continuing research on microcolonial rock-inhabiting fungi, we chose the genetically amenable Knufia petricola strain A95 (Nai et al. 2013, Fungal Genet Biol; Noack-Schönmann et al. 2014, AMB Express) for detailed studies. DHN-deficient mutants generated by targeted mutation of biosynthetic genes were studied with regard to the architecture of the cell wall and the EPS (extracellular polymeric substances) matrix, attachment to and weathering of olivine, as well as the tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. We will discuss the critical role of the outer cell surface (DHN melanin and EPS) in adhesion to the substrate and subsequent damage of the colonized surface. T2 - European Conference on Fungal Genetics (ECFG15) CY - Rome, Italy DA - 17.02.2020 KW - fungus KW - melanin KW - pigmentation PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50591 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin T1 - Neue Erkenntnisse zum Korrosionsverhalten von Zink an der Atmosphäre N2 - Die Untersuchungen und Ausführungen im Vortrag belegen, dass verfügbare Modellvorstellungen zur Beschreibung der Deckschichtbildung und Korrosion von Zink unter aktuellen atmosphärischen Bedingungen in Europa nicht mehr gültig sind und neu bewertet werden müssen. So können beispielsweise bisher verfügbare Prognosemodelle den Korrosionsfortschritt nicht mehr ausreichend beschreiben, da durch die Verringerung des Schwefeldioxidgehaltes der Luft veränderte Mechanismen vorliegen. T2 - 69. Sitzung des NA 062-01-71 AA "Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.02.2020 KW - Korrosion KW - Zink KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion KW - Korrosionsprüfung KW - Deckschichtbildung KW - gelartige Elektrolyte PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50479 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heise, Svenja A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Normentwurf für ein Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung von Deckschichtwiderständen an Zinküberzügen mittels gelartiger Elektrolyte (WIPANO - GELELEK) N2 - Der Vortrag stellt eine Ergebniszusammenfassung des WIPANO-Vorhabens GELELEK im Hinblick auf eine Normung dar. Dafür wird das Projekt zunächst kurz vorgestellt, um anschließend auf normungsrelevante Parameter einzugehen. Dazu gehören insbesondere die Umgebungs- und Messbedingungen, die Herstellungsparameter der Gelpads, das Messverfahren selbst sowie die messbaren Proben. Ein erster Ausblick auf den Normvorschlag wird gegeben. T2 - 14. Sitzung des NA 062-01-77 AA „Korrosionsprüfverfahren“ CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.02.2020 KW - Deckschichtbildung KW - Gelartige Elektrolyte KW - Korrosion KW - Korrosionsprüfung KW - Zinküberzüge KW - Atmosphärische Korrosion PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50536 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz A1 - Ziemens, Susanne T1 - The response of different buildings to free-field excitation – a study using detailed finite element models N2 - A study on building vibrations has been performed by finite element calculations. Family houses, multi-storey residential buildings, office buildings and office towers have been modelled in detail. The frequency-dependent response due to a free-field excitation has been evaluated for walls, columns and floors. The ratio of building amplitudes to free-field amplitudes starts with uB/u0 = 1 at zero frequency and is usually lower than 1 at 50 Hz, the end of the frequency range considered here. In between, amplifications occur due to several reasons. There are „soil resonances“ where the whole building is vibrating on the compliant soil, “column resonances” where the upper storeys are vibrating on the compliant columns, and the “floor resonances” where the floors are vibrating excited by their supports. Results are presented for all building types, but a special focus is set on office buildings. A parameter study shows the influence of the stiffness of the soil, the number of storeys, and the width of the building. It has been found that the “soil resonance” is strongly modified by the low-frequency floor resonances for the normal office building. The main resonance of a twenty-storey office tower is determined equally by the “soil mode” and the “column mode”. It is an important observation for these office buildings that the resonances can differ for different parts of the building such as the centre, the edge, the corner, and the core of the building. This leads to non-uniform vibration modes across the building, which look like another type of “floor resonance” and which have been observed in several real building projects. Experimental results will be shown which can confirm the calculated phenomena. T2 - EURODYN 2020 XI International Conference on Structural Dynamics CY - Online meeting DA - 23.11.2020 KW - Building vibration PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51679 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas A1 - Müller, Werner W. T1 - The role of junction strength in the performance of geogrids N2 - Designing the performance of geogrids in reinforce soil constructions usually does not consider long-term behavior and possible failure modes of junctions between longitudinal and transverse ribs. How could behavior of junctions be included? To which extend is it necessary? On the conference Geo-Chicago 2016, Swan and Yuan presented an ultimate limit state equation for the short-term material resistance of junctions. We discuss limitations and suggest improvements to include long-term behavior of junctions. Nevertheless, the approach applies only to a specific mode of shear-tensile failure of junctions and only to strictly rigid geogrids. A new design concept presented in the same year by Jacobs on the conference GeoAmerica for the special case of the anchorage of geogrids, which reinforce capping system on long and steep slopes of landfills, tried to overcome these drawbacks. We discuss the aspects of this concept related to the long-term behavior of junctions and the interplay between the load applied to junctions and the flexibility of longitudinal ribs. This interplay and the long-term junction strength determine the long-term behavior of geogrids. T2 - GeoAmericas 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 26.10.2020 KW - Geogitter KW - Geokunststoffe KW - Deponie PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51485 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pittner, Andreas A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Ökologische Bilanzierung von Schmelzschweißverfahren unter Berücksichtigung vor- und nachgelagerter Prozessschritte N2 - Kleinere und mittlere Unternehmen agieren heutzutage in einem globalen Umfeld, wodurch diese zu Elementen einer komplexen Wertschöpfungskette werden. Der zunehmende Anstieg der Preise für industriell essenzielle Ressour-cen, wie Primärenergie und Rohstoffe, sowie sich ausweitende klimapolitische Restriktion führen zur Notwendigkeit, die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit durch innovative und ökoeffiziente Fertigungsprozesse langfristig zu sichern. Rahmenbe-dingungen zu schaffen, welche die Positionierung nachhaltiger Produkte und Prozesse innerhalb globaler Wert-schöpfungsketten ermöglicht, ist daher ein wesentliches Ziel der deutschen Industriepolitik [1, 2]. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages werden aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten zur Bewertung der Umweltwirkungen der schweiß-technischen Fertigungskette anhand ausgewählter Schmelzschweißverfahren unter Berücksichtigung vor- sowie nachgelagerter Fertigungsschritte dargestellt. Das hierzu notwendige Element zur Analyse der Fertigungsprozesse ist die Ökobilanzierung - eine weit verbreitete und standardisierte Methode zur Abschätzung der Umweltwirkungen eines Produktes oder Prozesses. Hierbei stellt die Sachbilanzierung, d.h. die Ermittlung sämtlicher relevanter Ener-gie- und Ressourcenverbräuche während der schweißtechnischen Fertigung, aufgrund des hohen Dokumentations-aufwandes sowie Ableitung assoziierter Wirkkategorien das größte Hindernis für eine Etablierung und Akzeptanz der Ökobilanzierung in der Praxis dar. Gleichwohl wird seitens Unternehmen, welche als Zulieferer von OEM’s agieren, die Dokumentation des fertigungsspezifischen CO2-Verbrauches gefordert. Ein weiterer Aspekt der Arbeiten beinhaltet folglich Methoden zur automatisierten Erfassung von schweißtechnischen Produktionsdaten sowie deren Nachverfolgbarkeit aufzuzeigen. Anhand unterschiedlicher Schweißverfahren werden die aus den Produktionsdaten abgeleiteten Energie- und Ressourcenverbräuche automatisiert in den relevanten Umweltwirkungen überführt. Die analysierten Schweißprozesse umfassen dabei ein breites für kmU relevantes Spektrum. Durch die softwareseitige Bereitstellung der aufgestellten Umweltprofile ist der Anwender in der Lage, Schweißprozesse unter ökologischen Aspekten zu bewerten und die effizienteste Variante zu identifizieren. T2 - DVS Congress 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 14.09.2020 KW - Ökobilanzierung KW - Schweißverfahren PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51854 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -