TY - JOUR A1 - Scholz, Philipp A1 - Putna-Nimane, I. A1 - Barda, I. A1 - Liepina-Leimane, I. A1 - Strode, E. A1 - Kileso, A. A1 - Esiukova, E. A1 - Chubarenko, B. A1 - Purina, I. A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Environmental impact of geosynthetics in coastal protection N2 - Geosynthetic materials are applied in measures for coastal protection. Weathering or any damage of constructions, as shown by a field study in Kaliningrad Oblast (Russia), could lead to the littering of the beach or the sea (marine littering) and the discharge of possibly harmful additives into the marine environment. The ageing behavior of a widely used geotextile made of polypropylene was studied by artificial accelerated ageing in water-filled autoclaves at temperatures of 30 to 80 °C and pressures of 10 to 50 bar. Tensile strength tests were used to evaluate the progress of ageing, concluding that temperature rather than pressure was the main factor influencing the ageing of geotextiles. Using a modified Arrhenius equation, it was possible to calculate the half-life for the loss of 50% of the strain, which corresponds to approximately 330 years. Dynamic surface leaching and ecotoxicological tests were performed to determine the possible release of contaminants. No harmful effects on the test organisms were observed. KW - Geosynthetics KW - Geotextiles KW - Dynamic surface leaching test KW - Artificial ageing KW - Marine littering PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-520576 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030634 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 14 IS - 3 (Special issue: Measurement of the environmental impact of materials) SP - 634-1 EP - 634-13 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-52057 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Palanti, S. A1 - Cragg, S. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Resistance against marine borers: About the revision of EN 275 and the attempt for a new laboratory standard for Limnoria N2 - Wood protection technology in the marine environment has changed over the last decades and will continue to do so. New active ingredients, newer formulations, and novel wood-based materials including physically- and chemically-modified wood, together with increasing concerns over environmental impacts of wood preservatives, urgently demand a major revision of EN 275 “Wood preservatives – Determination of the Protective Effectiveness against Marine Borers”, dated from 1992. This IRG document reports on the technical work in CEN TC 38 regarding the revision of this standard. A Task Group within WG 24 of CEN TC 38 was formed consisting of experts from different field of competence (e.g. wood preservatives industry, wood scientists, marine biologists, archaeologists and cultural heritage conservators). Starting by e-mail correspondence in 2014, and continuing with four physical meetings (Berlin 2x, Florence, Venice) with experts from Germany, Italy, Sweden, and UK were held so far. Significant items for revision in EN 275 were identified as: number of replicates, duration of the test, dimension of specimens, number of test sites, number of reference species, reference material including reference preservative, re-immersion of specimens after non-destructive periodical evaluation for longer periods of time vs higher number of replicates for successive destructive examinations without re-immersion, utilization of X- ray apparatus and specific software to ease evaluation, etc. Furthermore, the task group is working on a standardized lab test for time-saving evaluation of different wood qualities for their potential to resist attack by limnorids. The suitability of this lab test will be determined by round robin tests as soon as safe face-to-face collaboration permits. The outcome will be published as a CEN TR (Technical Report) document, with a view to eventual adoption within the revised standard. T2 - THE INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH GROUP ON WOOD PROTECTION CY - Online meeting DA - 10.06.2020 KW - Standardization KW - Marine borers KW - Bankia sp KW - Teredo sp KW - Limnoria spp KW - Durability PY - 2020 VL - 2020 SP - IRG/WP 20-20669-1 EP - IRG/WP 20-20669-11 CY - Stockholm AN - OPUS4-52064 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abis, M. A1 - Bruno, M. A1 - Kuchta, K. A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Grönholm, R. A1 - Hoppe, M. A1 - Fiore, S. T1 - Assessment of the Synergy between Recycling and Thermal Treatments in Municipal Solid Waste Management in Europe N2 - In 2018, the production of Municipal SolidWaste (MSW) in EU-28 reached 250.6 Mt, with the adoption of different management strategies, involving recycling (48 wt %), incineration and thermal valorization (29 wt %) and landfilling (23 wt %). This work was based on the analysis of the baseline situation of MSW management in EU-28 in 2018, considering its progress in 2008–2018, and discussed the possible improvement perspectives based on a framework involving incineration and recycling as the only possible alternatives, specifically evaluating the capability of already-existing incineration plants to fulfill the EU needs in the proposed framework. The results of the assessment showed two main crucial issues that could play a pivotal role in the achievement of Circular Economy action plan targets: the need to increase the recycling quotas for specific MSW fractions through the separate collection, and therefore the improvement of definite treatment process chains; the optimization of the recovery of secondary raw materials from incineration bottom ash, involving the Recycling of ferrous and nonferrous metals and the mineral fraction. Both issues need to find an extensive application across all member states to decrease the actual differences in the adoption of sustainable MSW management options. KW - Bottom ash KW - Circular economy KW - Waste treatment KW - Recycling PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-520285 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236412 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 13 IS - 23 SP - 6412 EP - 6412 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-52028 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Schatten, René A1 - Szuppa, Tony T1 - Monitoringprogramm zur Verwertung von Bodenmaterial gemäß §§ 6-8 Novelle BBodSchV N2 - Mit der Novellierung der Bundes-Bodenschutz- und Altlastenverordnung (BBodSchV) (am 6.11.2020 im Bundesratsverfahren beschlossen) werden Regelungen zum Auf- und Einbringen von Bodenmaterial außerhalb der durchwurzelbaren Bodenschicht aufgenommen (sogenannte Verfüllungen). Ziel des Vorhabens war es, durch die Auswertung vorhandener und durchzuführender Untersuchungen eine Einstufung von Bodenmaterialien (jährlich fallen weit über 100 Mio. Tonnen davon an) für bestimmte Verwertungswege vornehmen zu können. Es sollte herausgefunden werden, ob Veränderungen hinsichtlich des Verwertungspotentials nachgewiesen werden können. Basis für die Durchführung und Bewertung waren die neuen Regelungen (hier insbesondere die Untersuchung mit einem Wasser/Feststoffverhältnis von 2:1, neue nationale und europäische Elutions- und Untersuchungsverfahren) der novellierten BBodSchV. Der Fokus lag dabei auf den polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen (PAK) sowie ausgewählte anorganische Stoffe (Schwermetalle und Anionen) unter der Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Bodenmaterialien zur Verwertung. Dabei handelte es sich um: - Böden aus urban geprägten Gebieten, - Oberböden aus dem Straßenrandbereich in Form von Bankettschälgut, - Baggergut aus Gewässern mit Verdacht auf eine Kontamination, - Bergematerial (Mischung von Abraum- und Bodenmaterial), - Auenböden mit vermuteten Verunreinigungen aus Industrie und Gewerbe. Anhand der vorgelegten Ergebnisse kann nun eine Versachlichung der Diskussion um Ressorcenschutz vs. Schadlosigkeit der Verwertung erfolgen. Sie zeigen für die untersuchten Stoffe, dass bei einer Einführung der §§ 6-8 Novelle BBodSchV mit einer Erhöhung der Verwertungsquote für Bodenmaterial gerechnet werden kann. Eine Erhöhung des Deponievolumens ist somit nicht zu befürchten. Neben den ermittelten Daten konnten Grundlagen für die Überarbeitung verschiedener DIN-Normen für Bodenuntersuchungen erarbeitet werden. KW - Verwertung Bodenmaterial KW - Schadstofftransfer KW - Elutionsverfahren KW - BBodSchV KW - PAK PY - 2020 UR - https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/monitoringprogramm-zur-verwertung-von-bodenmaterial SN - 1862-4804 VL - 127/2020 SP - 1 EP - 248 PB - Umweltbundesamt CY - Dessau AN - OPUS4-52039 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bell, A. M. A1 - von der Au, Marcus A1 - Regnery, J. A1 - Schmid, M. A1 - Meermann, Björn A1 - Reifferscheid, G. A1 - Ternes, T. A1 - Buchinger, S. T1 - Does galvanic cathodic protection by aluminum anodes impact marine organisms? N2 - Background: Cathodic protection by sacrifcial anodes composed of aluminum-zinc-indium alloys is often applied to protect ofshore support structures of wind turbines from corrosion. Given the considerable growth of renewable energies and thus ofshore wind farms in Germany over the last decade, increasing levels of aluminum, Indium and zinc are released to the marine environment. Although these metals are ecotoxicologically well-studied, data regarding their impact on marine organisms, especially sediment-dwelling species, as well as possible ecotoxicological efects of galvanic anodes are scarce. To investigate possible ecotoxicological efects to the marine environment, the diatom Phaedactylum tricornutum, the bacterium Aliivibrio fscheri and the amphipod Corophium volutator were exposed to dissolved galvanic anodes and solutions of aluminum and zinc, respectively, in standardized laboratory tests using natural seawater. In addition to acute toxicological efects, the uptake of these elements by C. volutator was investigated. Results: The investigated anode material caused no acute toxicity to the tested bacteria and only weak but signifcant efects on algal growth. In case of the amphipods, the single elements Al and Zn showed signifcant efects only at the highest tested concentrations. Moreover, an accumulation of Al and In was observed in the crustacea species. Conclusions: Overall, the fndings of this study indicated no direct environmental impact on the tested marine organisms by the use of galvanic anodes for cathodic protection. However, the accumulation of metals in, e.g., crustaceans might enhance their trophic transfer within the marine food web. KW - Galvanic anodes KW - Metal toxicity KW - Metal uptake KW - Corophium volutator KW - Seawater PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-520769 DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-020-00441-3 VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - Article number 157 AN - OPUS4-52076 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von der Au, Marcus A1 - Karbach, H. A1 - Bell, A. M. A1 - Bauer, O. B. A1 - Karst, U. A1 - Meermann, Björn T1 - Determination of metal uptake in single organisms, Corophiumvolutator, via complementary electrothermal vaporization/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and laserablation/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry N2 - Rationale: (Eco-)toxicological effects are mostly derived empirically and are notcorrelated with metal uptake. Furthermore, if the metal content is determined,mostly bulk analysis of the whole organism population is conducted; thus, biologicalvariability is completely disregarded, and this may lead to misleading results. Toovercome this issue, we compared two different solid sampling techniques for theanalysis of single organisms.Methods: In this study, complementary electrothermal vaporization/inductivelycoupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV/ICP-MS) , laser ablation/inductivelycoupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA/ICP-MS)-based methods for the analysisof individual organisms were developed and the results obtained were comparedwith the concentrations obtained after digestion and measured using ICP-MS.For this purpose, a common (eco-)toxicological test organism, the mud shrimpCorophium volutator, was selected. As proof-of-concept application, these organismswere incubated with environmentally relevant metals from galvanic anodes, whichare often used for protection against metal corrosion in, for example, offshorewind farms.Results: The bulk analysis revealed that large quantities of the incubated elementswere detectable. Using the ETV/ICP-MS method, we could identify a highbiovariability within the population of organisms tested. Using the LA/ICP-MSmethod, it could be determined that the large quantities of the elements detectedwere due to adsorption of the metals and not due to uptake, which correlates wellwith the absence of (eco-)toxicological effects.Conclusions: The results obtained imply the efficiency of complementary methods toexplain the absence or presence of (eco-)toxicological effects. In particular, methodsthat allow for single-organism analysis or provide even a spatial resolution supportthe interpretation of ecotoxicological findings. KW - ICP-MS KW - Metal toxicity KW - Metal uptake KW - Corophium volutator KW - Seawater PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8953 VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - e8953 AN - OPUS4-52077 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gleuwitz, F. Robert T1 - Non-vegan flame retardant biocomposites N2 - Products and by-products of the invertebrate and vertebrate farming, respectively, are shown to be promising bio-based flame retardant adjuvants in epoxy thermosets. While the addition of bone meal results in the formation of an inorganic shield, protein-based powders from insects provide an intumescent behavior under forced flaming conditions. Combining the latter with a common flame retardant such as ethylene diamine phosphate, the charring efficiency and self-extinguishing properties can be further enhanced. T2 - 18th European Meeting on Fire Retardant Polymeric Materials, FRPM21 CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 29.08.2021 KW - Bio-based KW - Insects KW - Epoxy KW - Intumescence KW - Flame retardancy PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53219 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kayser, Y. A1 - Gross, A. A1 - Hönicke, P. A1 - Osan, J. A1 - Pollakowski-Herrmann, B. A1 - Seeger, Stefan A1 - Beckhoff, B. T1 - Reliable chemical analysis of aerosols by reference-free X-ray spectrometry for monitoring airborne particulate matter N2 - The physical and chemical analysis of aerosols using reliable and physically traceable methods is important for the thorough investigation of airborne particles to support a better understanding of their origin as well as their health and climate impacts. Within the European Metrology Research AeroMet project,the aim of hysikalisch–Technische Bundesanstalt’s (PTB) X-ray spectrometry group is to develop and establish traceable and reliable X-ray methods to measure the elemental mass deposition per unit area, the elemental composition,and the chemical binding state of particulate matter supported by a flat substrate. This approach can substantially contribute to support quantitative analytical methods during on-site measurement campaigns where portable Instrumentation is employed by qualifying suitable calibration samples for commercial analytical X-ray instruments and by investigating samples collected during the field campaign. KW - AEROMET project KW - X-Ray analysis KW - TXRF KW - Aerosols KW - Particles KW - Air pollution KW - Elemental composition PY - 2020 UR - https://www.spectroscopyonline.com/view/reliable-chemical-analysis-of-aerosols-by-reference-free-x-ray-spectrometry-for-monitoring-airborne-particulate-matter SN - 0887-6703 VL - 35 IS - 10 SP - 42 EP - 46 PB - MJH Life Sciences CY - Cranbury, NJ AN - OPUS4-53357 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gehrenkemper, Lennart T1 - Detection of PFAS pollution in environmental samples - A Fast & sensitive PFAS sum parameter method using HR CS GFMAS N2 - The substance class of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) comprises more than 5300 organic compounds. PFAS are completely fluorinated on at least one carbon atom. They are associated with negative impacts on human and animal health, are extremely persistent in the environment, and bioaccumulate along food chains. Therefore, PFAS are classified as emerging pollutants. At the same time, their physicochemical properties make them attractive for use in diverse technical applications. They are both hydrophobic and lipophobic and show high thermal as well as chemical resistance due to the strong C-F bond. First regulations of some PFAS in combination with the technically excellent properties generated an innovation pressure and led to an enormous increase in the number of fluorinated substitution compounds. Due to the increasing complexity of this substance class, target analysis is not able to cover such a variety and multitude of analytes. Therefore, a suitable PFAS sum parameter method is necessary for an accurate detection of PFAS pollution in the environment, the identification of PFAS hotspots and an evaluation of appropriate remediation measures. Here we provide insights into the current state of PFAS sum parameter development and present our latest results on method development for the quantitative analysis of PFAS as extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) in environmental samples using high-resolution molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS). For this purpose, we optimized the extraction of PFAS from different solid matrices with simultaneous separation of inorganic fluoride. For quantification resulting extracts were measured using a fluorine specific HR-CS-GFMAS method. By adding gallium salt solutions as modifiers in HR-CS-GFMAS, fluorine can be indirectly quantified very selectively by the in situ formation of GaF with low limits of quantification (instrumental LOQ c(F) < 3 µg/L). Here we will show results from real soil samples from sites with and without known contamination. T2 - 6. Doktorandenseminar des Deutschen Arbeitskreises für Analytische Spektroskopie (DAAS) CY - Online meeting DA - 20.09.2021 KW - High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) KW - Soil KW - Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) KW - Extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) KW - Solid-liquid extraction PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53333 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wittmar, J. A1 - Ohle, Corina A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg A1 - Brand, I. T1 - Effect of Ectoine on the Conformation and Hybridization of dsDNA in Monolayer Films: A Spectroelectrochemical Study N2 - Lack of long-time stability of dsDNA-based supramolecular assemblies is an important issue that hinders their applications. In this work, 20 base pairs long dsDNA fragments [(dCdG)20 65%] composed of 65% dCdG and 35% dAdT nucleotides were tethered via a thiol to the surface of a gold electrode. The selfassembled (dCdG)20 -65% monolayer was immersed in solutions containing ectoine, a compatible solute. Electrochemical results showed that these monolayers were stable for one month. In situ IR spectroscopy indicated that ectoine interacts weakly with the phosphate-ribose backbone, dehydrating the phosphate groups and stabilizing the A-DNA conformation. This structural reorganization led to a reorientation of nucleic acid base pairs and a local disruption of the double-helix structure. However, the conformation and orientation of the dsDNA fragment was stable in the KW - Ectoine KW - dsDAN monolayer KW - A-DNA conformation PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-533346 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202100816 SN - 2196-0216 VL - 8 IS - 20 SP - 3844 EP - 3854 PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH AN - OPUS4-53334 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt, Band 51, Heft 3 T3 - Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt der BAM - 3/2021 KW - Anerkennungen KW - Zulassungen KW - Richtlinien KW - Festlegungen PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-533350 SN - 0340-7551 VL - 51 IS - 3 SP - 111 EP - 134 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-53335 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Battig, Alexander A1 - Sanchez-Olivares, G. A1 - Rockel, Daniel A1 - Maldonado-Santoyo, M. A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Waste not, want not: The use of leather waste in flame retarded EVA N2 - Leather is among the most ancient, widely used materials worldwide. Industrial-scale leather production produces large quantities of organic waste attained during shaving and buffing steps during processing. In this study, leather wastes (LW) are used as fillers in flame retarded polymer composites. LW is investigated as a multifunctional bio-filler that enhances the fire performance of flame retarded poly(ethylene–vinyl acetate) (EVA) containing phosphorus flame retardants (P-FRs) ammonium polyphosphate (APP) or a melamine-encapsulated APP (eAPP). Using LW from tanneries as adjuvants to enhance P-FRs in EVA reduces industrial wastes that otherwise require costly waste management solutions. Materials are characterized multi-methodically via mechanical tests, electron microscopy, rheology, thermogravimetric analysis, evolved gas analysis, and condensed phase FTIR, also reaction-to-small-flames and cone calorimeter tests. EVA containing 10 wt-% LW and 20 wt-% P-FRs achieve 20% reductions in fire loads versus EVA, and up to 10% reduction in effective heats of combustion versus EVA with equal (30 wt-%) P-FR loadings. Enhanced char stabilization of EVA composites with LW and P-FRs lowered peaks of heat release rates up to 53% compared to EVA, and up to 40% compared to equal P-FRs loadings. Synergisms between LW and P-FRs in EVA are quantified. A chemical decomposition mechanism is proposed. KW - Leather waste KW - Tannery industry KW - EVA KW - Fire protection KW - Flame retardancy KW - Charring PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-532977 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110100 SN - 0264-1275 VL - 210 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-53297 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogl, Jochen T1 - Metrology for the recycling of Technology Critical Elements to support Europe´s circular economy agenda N2 - Technology critical elements (TCE) are key materials for high-tech products such as smartphones, notebooks and monitors. Their demand is expected to increase exponentially due to the shift towards greener economy through the deployment of renewable energy and electro mobility solutions (European Green Deal). This and the lack of TCE production within the EU, puts the market under pressure and leads to increasing prices. The need to secure TCE supply has become even more pressing under the current health crisis and it is a major objective of the Covid-19 Recovery Plan aimed at reinforcing Europe’s resilience and autonomy. A sustainable solution is effective recycling and finally a circular economy. However, the analysis of waste streams is difficult and requires suitable SI traceable analytical solutions to allow for comparability of measurement results throughout the recycling process. The required reference materials (RMs) certified for TCE in the corresponding waste or secondary raw materials and specific documentary standards for TCE to comply with ISO/IEC 17025 requirements, however, are lacking. Furthermore, waste from the so-called “urban mine” is extremely heterogeneous making the estimation of its TCE content difficult. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge at the European level about the TCE stocks and flows in the urban mine. Given the high volume of waste generated and received, fast reliable analytical methods as well as sampling and sample preparation strategies are needed to determine the economic value of the waste and of the final product and to develop and improve recycling procedures. Within this project we focus on TCEs (Co, Ga, Ge, In, Ta, Nd, Pr, Dy, Gd, La, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh), which have been selected from the list of critical elements for Europe established by the EU in 2020. The overall objective of the project is to provide the reliable and SI traceable determination of TCE in urban waste material at µg/g levels to increase the efficiency and accuracy of TCE recycling. This will be realized by developing validated SI-traceable reference methods, developing traceable and validated RMs for the TCEs, validating the use of the routine methods and RMs for real world applications and facilitating the take up of the technology and measurement infrastructure developed in the project by the measurement supply chain, standards developing organizations and end users. This presentation will give an overview of the consortium, the project structure and the planned research. First activities will be presented as well. T2 - International Conference on Raw Materials and Circular Economy CY - Athens, Greece DA - 05.09.2021 KW - TCE KW - Reference material KW - Metrology PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53282 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wittwer, Philipp T1 - Herausforderungen bei der Anwendung von Summenparametern (EOF) in der PFAS Analytik N2 - Problemstellen die bei der Arbeit mit der CIC in unserem Fachbereich aufgetreten sind und wie wir diese Probleme angegangen sind und die verwendeten Methoden weiterentwickelt haben. T2 - 25.Jahrestagung SETAC & GDCh "Umwelt 2021" CY - Online meeting DA - 07.09.2021 KW - PFAS KW - EOF KW - CIC PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53267 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ecke, Alexander T1 - An Electrochemical Immunosensor for Pharmaceutical Contaminants in Water N2 - Contamination of drinking water with pharmaceuticals is an emerging problem and a potential health threat. Immunochemical methods based on the binding of the analyte to specific antibodies enable fast & cost-effective on-site analyses. Magnetic bead-based immunoassays allow for implementation into an immunosensor for online testing. Particles are prepared by either coupling the analyte molecule (diclofenac) or the respective antibody (amoxicillin) to the surface. For miniaturization, detection is performed electrochemically (chronoamperometry) on a microfluidic chip. The developed immunosensor will enable detection of pharmaceuticals directly in water supply pipes. T2 - SALSA Make & Measure CY - Online meeting DA - 16.09.2021 KW - Immunosensor KW - Magnetic Beads KW - Amoxicillin KW - Diclofenac KW - Microfluidics KW - Chronoamperometry PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53307 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - Element mass concentrations in ambient aerosols, a comparison of results from filter sampling & ICP-MS ans cascade impactor sampling & mobile total reflection X-RAY fluorescence spectroscopy N2 - Quantitative chemical analysis of airborne particulate matter (PM) is vital for the understanding of health effects in indoor and outdoor environments and required by EU air quality regulations. Typically, airborne particles are sampled on filters, followed by lab-based analysis, e.g., with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Within the EURAMET EMPIR AEROMET project, cascade impactor aerosol sampling was combined with on-site total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectroscopy. The study aimed at a proof of principles for this new mobile and on-size tool for the quantification of aerosol element compositions and element mass concentrations within short time intervals of less than 12 h. In a field campaign the method’s technical feasibility could be demonstrated. The TXRF results were traced back to a stationary, reference-free XRS setup in the laboratory of the German national metrology institute PTB at the BESSY II electron storage ring in Berlin, Germany. Simultaneous PM10-filter sampling, followed by standardized lab-based analysis, allowed for a comparison of the field campaign data of both methods. As Fig. 1 shows, the correspondence between PM10 filter sampling and ICP-MS, and on the other hand, cascade impactor sampling and TXRF is quite encouraging. However, for some of the analysed elements, e.g. V and Pb, the observed deviations are higher than expected and this highlights the fact, that spectral deconvolution strategies for TXRF on cascade impactor samples still need some improvement. This work was supported by the EMPIR programme, co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, through grant agreements 16ENV07 AEROMET and 19ENV08 AEROMET II T2 - 12th International Conference on Instrumental Methods of Analysis (IMA-2021) CY - Athens, Greece DA - 20.09.2021 KW - Aerosol KW - TXRF KW - Reference method KW - Cascade impactor KW - Ambient aerosols KW - Air quality monitoring KW - Element mass concentration KW - Size resolved chemical composition KW - Time resolved chemical composition KW - ICP-MS PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53597 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gebhardt, M. A1 - Malolakis, I. A1 - Kalinka, Gerhard A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Chakraborty, S. A1 - Meiners, D. T1 - Re-use potential of carbon fibre fabric recovered from infusible thermoplastic CFRPs in 2nd generation thermosetting-matrix composites N2 - The research presented here attempts to assess the potential for re-using carbon fibre (CF) fabrics recovered from recycling infusible acrylic thermoplastic carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) in a universal manner, i.e. by combining with a wide variety of matrices to manufacture 2nd generation composite laminates by resin infusion. The 2nd generation composites have been compared in terms of bulk and interfacial properties against counteparts processed with virgin carbon fibre fabric infused with the same matrices. Generally, an increase in damping (tanδ) was observed in all 2nd generation composites, which can be attributed to a residual thin thermoplastic layer present on the recovered fibres. The interfacial adhesion of the 2nd generation Composites was investigated by shear tests and scanning electron micsoscopy, and also appears to be less influenced by the type of matrix. KW - Composite recycling KW - Thermoplastic matrix KW - Thermosetting resin KW - Fibre/matrix bonding PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2021.100974 VL - 28 SP - 100974 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Niederlande AN - OPUS4-53639 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - Application of Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) and spectroscopic techniques to analyze phosphorus in soils N2 - A wide range of analytical methods are used to estimate the plant-availability of soil phosphorus (P). Previous investigations showed that analytical methods based on the Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (DGT) technique provide a very good correlations to the amount of bioavailable nutrients and pollutants in environmental samples (Davison 2016, Vogel et al. 2017). However, the DGT results do not identify which P compound of the soil has the high bioavailability. But there are various spectroscopic techniques (infrared, Raman, P K-edge and L-edge XANES and P NMR spectroscopy) available to characterize P species in soils. Therefore, spectroscopic investigation of DGT binding layers after deployment allow us to determine the specific compounds. Nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen are often, together with other elements, present as molecules in the environment. These ions are detectable and distinguishable by infrared, P K- and L-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and NMR spectroscopy, respectively. Additionally, microspectroscopic techniques make it also possible to analyze P compounds on the DGT binding layer with a lateral resolution down to 1 μm2. Therefore, species of elements and compounds of e.g. a spatial soil segment (e.g. rhizosphere) can be mapped and analyzed, providing valuable insight to understand the dynamics of nutrients in the environment. T2 - SPP1685 Closing Conference: New Approaches to Ecosystem Nutrition - Phosphorus and Beyond CY - Freiburg, Germany DA - 25.10.2021 KW - Phosphorus KW - Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) KW - Passive sampling PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53641 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heeger, Felix A1 - Bourne, E. C. A1 - Wurzbacher, C. A1 - Funke, E. A1 - Lipzen, A. A1 - He, G. A1 - Ng, V. A1 - Grigoriev, I. V. A1 - Schlosser, D. A1 - Monaghan, M. T. T1 - Evidence for Lignocellulose-Decomposing Enzymes in the Genome and Transcriptome of the Aquatic Hyphomycete Clavariopsis aquatica N2 - Fungi are ecologically outstanding decomposers of lignocellulose. Fungal lignocellulose degradation is prominent in saprotrophic Ascomycota and Basidiomycota of the subkingdom Dikarya. Despite ascomycetes dominating the Dikarya inventory of aquatic environments, genome and transcriptome data relating to enzymes involved in lignocellulose decay remain limited to terrestrial representatives of these phyla. We sequenced the genome of an exclusively aquatic ascomycete (the aquatic hyphomycete Clavariopsis aquatica), documented the presence of genes for the modification of lignocellulose and its constituents, and compared differential gene expression between C. aquatica cultivated on lignocellulosic and sugar-rich substrates. We identified potential peroxidases, laccases, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, several of which were differentially expressed when experimentally grown on different substrates. Additionally, we found indications for the regulation of pathways for cellulose and hemicellulose degradation. Our results suggest that C. aquatica is able to modify lignin to some extent, detoxify aromatic lignin constituents, or both. Such characteristics would be expected to facilitate the use of carbohydrate components of lignocellulose as carbon and energy sources. KW - Aquatic fungi KW - Differential expression KW - Lignocellulose KW - Laccase KW - RNA-Seq PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-536843 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7100854 VL - 7 IS - 10 SP - 2 EP - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz AN - OPUS4-53684 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Melzer, Michael A1 - Fischer, Michael A1 - Thomas, Marcus A1 - Subaric-Leitis, Andreas A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias T1 - Calibration Service as a Gateway to Sustainable Research and Development N2 - Over decades, the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) has established a sophisticated calibration laboratory for force, temperature and electrical quantities. Since more than 15 years it is accredited, currently by the national accreditation body (DAkkS), and offers its service also to external entities on a global scale. As a public provider, we are furthermore committed to research and development activities that demand measurements with highest quality and low level of uncertainties. Two R&D examples are highlighted within this contribution. T2 - SMSI 2020 CY - Meeting was canceled DA - 22.06.2020 KW - Calibration of force KW - Calibration of temperature KW - Calibration of electrical quantities KW - Measurement uncertainty KW - New sensor principles PY - 2020 SN - 978-3-9819376-2-6 DO - https://doi.org/10.5162/SMSI2020/E3.3 SP - 374 EP - 375 AN - OPUS4-51222 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -