TY - JOUR A1 - Schuberth, Jens A1 - Ebert, Thomas A1 - Schlegel, Moritz-Caspar A1 - Rödig, Lisa A1 - Jepsen, Dirk A1 - Memelink, Robin A1 - Hauschke, Fynn T1 - The Front-Runner Approach - Facilitating Progressive Product Policy by Using Information from EU Product Databases N2 - The European Commission has recently announced two guiding principles for EU product policy: First, product policy shall ensure that the performance of front-runner products in terms of sustainability becomes the norm, and second, the effectiveness of the current Ecodesign legislative framework is going to be significantly improved. Within this paper, already existing front-runner approaches and recent and ongoing product policy-making processes were reviewed. Based on the results, an EU front-runner approach is outlined. The presented approach (i) refers to performance levels of the best products already available on the market, (ii) aggregates information in existing databases, and (iii) works semi-automated. Together, all three attributes have a high potential to facilitate and accelerate the specification of appropriate minimum requirements for products at the EU level. This way, EU policymakers can deliver on the core objectives of the Ecodesign legislative framework much better. The basic mechanism and its legal entrenchment of the approach are illustrated for the energy efficiency of energy-related products. In addition, the Front-Runner Approach can be applied to any product group in the scope of the upcoming Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation and to a wide range of product-related minimum requirements, such as durability, reparability, or recycled content. The study’s objective is to suggest a tailor-made and dynamic approach to keep the EU product legislation up to date using innovative technology based on the investigation of current regulations and identify the gap. Experiences from three international case studies suggest that a front-runner approach to setting energy-performance standards can drive innovation and reduce energy consumption via promoting energy-efficient products; transparency about available products is one of the key factors and can be established by a database. The EU front-runner approach comprises extending the existing energy label database (or making use of the digital product passport) and introducing a legislative procedure that triggers changes in the energy efficiency requirements in the specific EU regulations if the database shows that a certain threshold value is reached. Challenges such as limited EU staff capacities and opportunities such as increased dynamic are discussed. KW - Ecodesign KW - ESPR KW - Energy labelling KW - EPREL KW - Policy making KW - Front-runner KW - Material efficiency KW - Resource efficiency KW - Energy efficiency PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-595132 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020504 VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-59513 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Singh, Amit Kumar A1 - Mishra, Biswajit A1 - Sinha, Om Prakash T1 - Reduction Kinetics of Fluxed Iron Ore Pellets Made of Coarse Iron Ore Particles N2 - The present work demonstrates a sustainable approach of using relatively coarser iron ore particles for ironmaking. The motivation is to reduce the energy consumption in the milling of the iron ore by utilizing coarser iron ore particles (+0.05 mm) and to select a suitable binder for improving pellet properties. Iron ore fines in the range of 0.05–0.25 mm was selected and classified into three size ranges. Fluxed iron ore pellets were prepared using lime as a binder for the basicity of 0, 1, and 2. Reduction of these pellets with a packed bed of coal fines was performed in the temperature range of 900–1200 °C for a duration of 30–120 min. The direct reduction kinetics of the iron ore pellets were studied by employing diffusion and chemical reaction control models to the experimental data. The results show that pellets made with coarser iron ore particles have improved reduction behavior and kinetics. The reduction reaction is found to be a mixed control. The activation energy for the reduction reaction varies from 44.3 to 74.76 kJ mol−1 as iron ore particle size decreases from 0.25 to 0.05 mm and basicity increases from 0 to 2. KW - Materials Chemistry KW - Metals and Alloys KW - Process Metallurgy KW - Iron making PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-598326 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202300669 SN - 1611-3683 IS - 2300669 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag AN - OPUS4-59832 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Slotyuk, Lyubov A1 - Part, Florian A1 - Schlegel, Moritz-Caspar A1 - Akkerman, Floris T1 - Life Cycle Assessment of the Domestic Micro Heat and Power Generation Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell in Comparison with the Gas Condensing Boiler Plus Electricity from the Grid N2 - The energy demand of private households contributes globally to 36.5% of the total CO2 emissions. To analyze the emissions reduction potential, we conducted a comparative life cycle assessment of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in a residential application and a conventional system with a stand-alone gas condensing boiler and electricity from a grid mix. The period under review was referred to as the service life of the PEMFC and is assumed to be 10 years (83,038 h of PEMFC). The applicability of this in a single-family house built between 1991 and 2000 under German climatic conditions was investigated. The functional unit is set to the thermal energy demand of 16,244 kWh/a and electricity demand of 4919 kWh/a of a single-family house. The impact assessment method “CML 2001–August 2016” was used in this investigation. The manufacturing phase of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell showed disadvantages, whereby the use phase had significant advantages in most of the environmental impact categories as compared to the conventional energy supply system. Considering the whole life cycle, the advantages from the use phase could outperform the disadvantages from the manufacturing phase in most of the impact categories, except for ADP elements and TETP. KW - Sustainability KW - Circular Economy KW - Comparative life cycle assessment KW - Proton exchange membrane fuel cell KW - Gas condensing boiler KW - Micro heat and power generation KW - Residential application KW - Single-family house energy supply system PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-598134 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062348 VL - 16 IS - 6 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - MDPI AG AN - OPUS4-59813 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Piehl, Patrick T1 - Thermochemische Aufarbeitung von Stahlwerksstäuben und -schlämmen zur Zink- und Eisenrückgewinnung N2 - Stahlwerksstäube und -schlämme enthalten in der Regel Schwermetalle wie Zink, Blei und Cadmium, die ein direktes Recycling verhindern und diese Stoffe potenziell umweltgefährdend machen. Um diese Schwermetalle aus den Materialien zu entfernen, werden drei thermochemische Verfahren zur Aufarbeitung von Gichtgasschlamm, Elektroofenstaub und ähnlichen Stahlwerksstäuben vorgestellt. Zum einen kann die Mischung von Elektroofenstaub mit chloridhaltigen Lösungen, wie sie z. B. in der Titandioxidproduktion anfallen, gemischt werden, um bei der thermischen Behandlung Schwermetallchloride zu effektiv verdampfen. Weiterhin kann der im Gichtgasschlamm enthaltene Kohlenstoff genutzt werden, um in Mischungen aus Gichtgasschlamm und Elektroofenstaub bei der thermischen Behandlung als Reduktionsmittel zu wirken. Dieses Verfahren führt zur Rückgewinnung von Zink und metallischem Eisen und wird im Technikums- und Pilotmaßstab erprobt. Abschließend wird die Nutzung von Wasserstoff als Reduktionsmittel für Elektroofenstaub vorgestellt. Hierbei lässt sich der Reststoff potenziell klimaneutral in Eisenschwamm umwandeln, wobei die chemischen Grundlagen anhand von DTA-Experimenten und thermodynamischen Simulationen ergründet werden. T2 - Berliner Konferenz Metallkreisläufe CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.04.2024 KW - Elektroofenstaub KW - Gichtgasschlamm KW - Recycling KW - Ressourcenrückgewinnung KW - Zink PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59726 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Fabian T1 - Development of multi-layer SPE approaches for PFAS determination in surface water samples utilizing HR-CS-GFMAS N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have received global public attention because of their wide distribution in aquatic environments and potential adverse effects to humans and wildlife. Due to the lack of analytical standards and the enormous numbers of these compounds, current target-based methods (e.g., LC-MS/MS) are not suitable for the analysis of new/unknown PFAS and transformation products. Therefore, PFAS sum parameter analysis is becoming increasingly important. For PFAS determination of surface waters, solid phase extraction (SPE) is commonly implemented for clean-up and pre-concentration of samples. Thus, within this work, single-layer SPE methods (based on Strata™-X, Strata™-X-AW, Strata™-NH2 and Oasis-HLB) were investigated for maximum PFAS coverage utilizing extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) analysis. Thereby, the optimization procedure relied on the analysis of 3 surface water samples in Berlin, Germany, which were affected by the effluent discharge of wastewater treatment plants. To analyse the SPE elution profiles for EOF and inorganic fluorine, high resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectroscopy (HR-CS-GFMAS) and ion chromatography (IC) were used, respectively. Highest EOF concentrations were achieved by using Strata-X/Strata-XAW as SPE sorbents and methanol as eluent. Furthermore, combinations of the most promising SPE sorbents were selected (X/XAW, XAW/X, HLB/X and WAX/GCB) to extract a wider range of PFASs. By comparing multi-layer SPE methods, lower EOF concentrations were obtained for all investigated combination phases compared to the analysed single phases. For the commercially available combination phase Strata-PFAS (WAX/GCB) for all three river water samples, lower EOF concentrations (1.5 times lower) were determined compared to Strata-X. The results have shown that single-layer SPE systems are currently superior compared to combination phases for PFAS sum parameter analysis. The multi-layer SPE methods need further optimization regarding appropriate sorbent combinations, loading volumes and elution conditions. The developed single-layer SPE methods can help to elucidate pollutions hotspots and discharge routes. T2 - Analytica Conference 2024 CY - Munich, Germany DA - 09.04.2024 KW - PFAS KW - HR-CS-GFMAS KW - Fluorine KW - SPE PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59890 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kaplan, Cafer-Can T1 - Evaluation of novel adsorber materials for environmentally relevant perfluorinated compounds N2 - PFAS (Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are a widespread and emerging environmental problem due to their longevity and ubiquitous spread. The common structural motif of this compound class is the fluorine – carbon bond on an alkyl backbone, which are known for their chemical inertness and combination of hydrophobicity and oleophobicity. The downside of those properties is the general lack of usable molecular interactions for adsorption to extract them from the environment. The notable exception to that inertness are fluorine – fluorine interactions, which are stronger, the longer the perfluorinated chain length is. Therefore, in this project we investigated the effect of fluorination, length and presence of a charge on the alkyl chain on an adsorber. Towards that goal, in total 16 different adsorber materials were synthesized (fluorinated/non-fluorinated; C4/ C6/ C8/ C10 ; positive charge/no charge) and tested in regard to their potential to adsorb PFOA and perfluoralkylic acids of differing chain lengths. The PFAS concentration was tested via LC-MS/MS to determine the adsorption rate on the various materials. Further work includes the transition from a target analytics to sum parameter analysis for future evaluation of adsorber materials in PFAS environmental samples like river samples. Therefore a quarterly sampling and extraction of spree surface water samples was planned. T2 - SFB 1349 Winter School 2024 CY - Międzyzdroje, Poland DA - 10.04.2024 KW - PFAS KW - Adsorber KW - Fluoruos Systems PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59892 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Sylfuryldiflourid im Holzschutz N2 - Die Anwendung von Sulfuryldiflourid ist auf den bekämpfenden Holzschutz gegen Insekten beschränkt. Die Anwendung in Deutschland regelt die DIN 68800 Teil 4 und das europäische Biozidgesetz. Zur Erhaltung von Kulturgut ist dieses Begasungsmittel einzigartig. T2 - Seminar E.: Symposium zukünftige Verwendung von Sulfuryldifluorid CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 17.04.2024 KW - Holzschutz KW - Begasung KW - Regelwerk PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59917 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Scharek, Vera T1 - Speciation analysis of environmental samples via ETV/ICP-MS N2 - Organotin compounds (OTCs) have been widely used in anti-fouling paints, pesticide formulations, and as stabilizers in polyvinyl chloride over the past century. In marine ecosystems, OTCs can cause severe damage to biodiversity, leading up to the extinction of vulnerable species. Due to the extensive use of tributyltin (TBT) as a biocide on ship hulls, it has been considered one of the most hazardous substances intentionally introduced into the aquatic environment. This resulted in a global ban on TBT-containing products in the 2000s. However, recent studies indicate the emerging presence of organotin pollutants. OTCs are known to persist and accumulate in marine sediments, posing a long-term threat to the environment. These harmful substances can be set free and dispersed even after several decades. Therefore, analyzing sediment probes is imperative for a thorough monitoring of pollution. However, species-specific analysis of OTCs at required concentration levels in complex environmental matrices remains challenging. Chromatographic systems are commonly used for their analysis, but the required sample preparation is time-consuming and prone to contamination and analyte loss. The coupling of electrothermal vaporization and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ETV/ICP-MS) demonstrates high potential as a rapid, convenient, and chemical-saving scanning tool for environmental samples. This method enables the direct on-line fractionation of organic compounds from an inorganic fraction and provides element-specific detection at ultra-trace levels without complex sample preparation. Since OTCs are generally more toxic than ionic or elemental tin, analyzing them as a sum parameter is advantageous. Additionally, the determination of both organic and inorganic tin, rather than just organic tin, reveals valuable information about the fate of OTCs. The main challenge in obtaining accurate quantitative data using direct solid sampling techniques like as ETV/ICP-MS is applying a suitable calibration strategy. Our isotope dilution approach overcomes matrix effects in ETV/ICP-MS analysis and is compatible with commercial systems. T2 - Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY - Tucson, AZ, USA DA - 15.01.2024 KW - Organotin compounds KW - Sediment KW - Electrothermal Vaporization KW - Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59895 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Scholz, Philipp A1 - Gleis, Markus ED - Thiel, Stephanie ED - Thome-Kozminesky, Elisabeth ED - Quicker, Pater ED - Gosten, Alexander ED - Stengler, Ella T1 - Einstufung von Aschen und Schlacken aus der Abfallverbrennung im Hinblick auf die weitere Verwertung N2 - There are two mirror entries in the European Waste Catalogue for bottom ash and slag from waste incineration: 19 01 11* and 19 01 12. Entry 19 01 11* describes a waste material containing hazardous substances. It was shown that only the hazardous property HP14 (ecotoxic) is of relevance for the classification. If substances with the hazard statement code (HSC) H400, H410, H411, H412 and H413 are present in incineration bottom ash (IBA) above certain level the waste is classified as hazardous, otherwise it is non-hazardous (in this case 19 01 12). It was further shown that only Cu, Zn and Pb compounds have an impact on the classification using a summation rule: 100xΣ c(H410) + 10xΣ c(H411) + Σ c(H412). Limit value is 25 percent. It is obvious that H410 substances have the highest impact. Therefore, the knowledge of the elemental composition of IBA is not sufficient because the content of distinct chemical compounds (with the respective molecular weight) is needed. When the exact speciation is not known a worst-case approach has to be applied. A practical guideline for the estimation of HP14 was developed based on the definition of 4 substance groups: 1. Metals and alloys, 2. Water-soluble substances, 3. Oxides and carbonates and 4. Substances not soluble in weak acids. In substance group 1 only fine Zn powder has the HSC H410. Water-soluble substances are assumed to be H410 substances. Their concentrations are, however, regularly below the cut-off value of 0.1 %. The amount of substance group 3 is estimated by a selective extraction with maleic acid. According to the worst-case approach it is assumed that CuCO3xCu(OH)2 and ZnO represent the respective Cu and Zn species in IBA because these substances have the highest stochiometric factor. Even with this worst-case approach results from operators of IBA treatment plant showed that the limit value of 25 % is not exceeded. The requirements for utilization of IBA in Germany are defined in the Secondary Building Materials Decree (Ersatzbaustoffverordnung EBV) which was set into force in August 2023. Leaching methods (batch test or column test) with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 2 l/kg are applied. IBA fulfills the requirements for class HMVA-2. Actually, even a classification of IBA as hazardous (i.e 19 01 11*) would not affect utilization but handling and transport. KW - Rostasche KW - Ökotoxizität KW - Ersatzbaustoffverordnung KW - XANES-Spektroskopie PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-944310-90-9 VL - 1 SP - 402 EP - 414 PB - TK-Verlag CY - Neuruppin ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-59465 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Törne, Wipert Jannik A1 - Steinhäuser, Lorin A1 - Klyk-Seitz, Urszula-Anna A1 - Piechotta, Christian T1 - High-resolution mass spectrometric elucidation of electron ionization induced fragmentation pathways of methylated warfarin and selected hydroxylated species N2 - The plant secondary metabolite families of coumarin and 4-hydroxy coumarin have a broad pharmacological spectrum ranging from antibacterial to anticancer properties. One prominent member of this substance class is the synthetic but naturally inspired anticoagulant drug and rodenticide warfarin (coumadin). A vast number of publications focus on the identification of warfarin and its major cytochrome P450-mediated phase I metabolites by liquid chromatography (LC) with mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) detection techniques. For the first time, electron ionization (EI) induced high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric (HR-qToF-MS) data of in-liner derivatized warfarin and selected hydroxylated species is provided in this study as an alternative to LC-MS/MS approaches. Furthermore, the characteristic fragments and fragmentation pathways of the analyzed methyl ethers are concluded. The obtained data of analytical standards, specific deuterated and 13C-labeled compounds prove inductive cleavage of the acyl or acetonyl side chain, methyl migration, and H-migration, along with consequential inductive cleavage as predominant fragmentation routes. Based on the HR-spectral data, commonalities and differences between the analyzed compounds and fragment groups were evaluated with future applicability in structure elucidation and spectra prediction of related compounds. KW - High-resolution mass spectrometry KW - Warfarin KW - Hydroxy warfarin KW - Fragmentation pathway PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-596025 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2024.117220 SN - 1387-3806 VL - 499 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-59602 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Törne, Wipert Jannik A1 - Klyk-Seitz, Urszula-Anna A1 - Piechotta, Christian T1 - Developing a GC-EI-MS/MS method for quantifying warfarin and five hydroxylated metabolites generated by the Fenton reaction N2 - AbstractSince the 1950s, Warfarin has been used globally as both a prescription drug and a rodenticide. Research has shown that warfarin and other rodenticides are present in the environment and food chain. However, emerging contaminants are subject to degradation by biotic and abiotic processes and advanced oxidation processes. In some cases, detecting the parent compound may not be possible due to the formation of structurally changed species. This approach aims to identify hydroxylated transformation products of warfarin in a laboratory setting, even after the parent compound has undergone degradation. Therefore, the Fenton reaction is utilized to insert hydroxylation into the parent compound, warfarin, by hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals generated by Fe2+/Fe3+ redox reaction with hydrogen peroxide. Using multiple reaction monitoring, a GC–MS/MS method, incorporating isotopically labeled reference compounds, is used to quantify the expected derivatized species. The analytes are derivatized using trimethyl-3-trifluoromethyl phenyl ammonium hydroxide, and the derivatization yield of warfarin is determined by using isotopically labeled reference compounds. The method has a linear working range of 30 to 1800 ng/mL, with detection limits ranging from 18.7 to 67.0 ng/mL. The analytes are enriched using a C18-SPE step, and the recovery for each compound is calculated. The Fenton reaction generates all preselected hydroxylated transformation products of warfarin. The method successfully identifies that 4′-Me-O-WAR forms preferentially under the specified experimental conditions. By further optimizing the SPE clean-up procedures, this GC–MS-based method will be suitable for detecting transformation products in more complex matrices, such as environmental water samples. Overall, this study provides a better understanding of warfarin’s degradation and offers a robust analytical tool for investigating its transformation products. KW - Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis KW - Pollution KW - Environmental Chemistry KW - General Medicine PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-595737 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32133-3 SN - 0944-1344 VL - 31 SP - 16986 EP - 16994 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-59573 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lu, Xin A1 - Hicke, Konstantin A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Distributed acoustic sensing to monitor ground motion/movement at multi-frequency bands N2 - A novel distributed acoustic sensing technique is proposed that exploits both phase and amplitude of the Rayleigh backscattered light to quantify the environmental variation. The system employs a wavelength-scanning laser and an imbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer to acquire the reflection spectra and the phase of the detected light, respectively. Fading-free and low-frequency measurements are realized via the crosscorrelation of the reflection spectra. The discrete crosscorrelation is used to circumvent the nonlinear frequency sweeping of the laser. Based on the phase of the backscattered light, it is possible to quantify fast environmental variations. The whole system requires no hardware modification of the existing system and its functionality is experimentally validated. The proposed system has the potential to monitor ground motion/movement at very low frequency band like subsidence around mining areas and at high frequency band like earthquakes and vibrations induced by avalanches. KW - Distributed acoustic sensing KW - DAS KW - Distributed fiber optic sensing KW - Ground motion detection KW - Subsidence monitoring PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-596129 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3358495 VL - 42 IS - 18 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Optical Society und IEEE Photonics Society AN - OPUS4-59612 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Antikörperbasierte Sensorik für das Monitoring von Spurenstoffen im Wasser N2 - Der Vortrag beschreibt den Stand der Arbeiten an der BAM, Fachbereich Umweltanalytik zur Entwicklung von Sensoren für die Wasseranalytik. Er stellt die bisherigen Arbeiten da, die ausgehend von ELISAs, zunehmend portable Plattformen wie FPIA und LFIA umfassen. Beas-based Formate werden von mikrotiterplatten-basierten Techniken auf mikrofluidische Lab-on-Chip-Systeme übertragen, die bei geeigneter Miniaturisierung und Automatisierung als Sensorsysteme angesehen werden können. Der Vortrag endet mit einem Blick auf ein laufendes Monitoring-Projekt von anthropogenen Markern in Abwasser und charakterisiert die Treiber, die die Entwicklung von Sensoren für die Wasseranalytik in den letzten Jahren vorantreiben. T2 - Sitzung des Fachausschusses Wasser der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft in der GDCh CY - Online meeting DA - 16.01.2024 KW - Biosensoren KW - Immunoassay KW - Antikörper PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59383 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd A1 - Schilling, Markus A1 - Birkholz, Henk A1 - Jung, Matthias A1 - Waitelonis, Jörg A1 - Mädler, Lutz A1 - Sack, Harald T1 - PMD Core Ontology: Achieving semantic interoperability in materials science N2 - Knowledge representation in the Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) domain is a vast and multi-faceted challenge: Overlap, ambiguity, and inconsistency in terminology are common. Invariant (consistent) and variant (context-specific) knowledge are difficult to align cross-domain. Generic top-level semantic terminology often is too abstract, while MSE domain terminology often is too specific. In this paper, an approach how to maintain a comprehensive MSE-centric terminology composing a mid-level ontology–the Platform MaterialDigital Core Ontology (PMDco)–via MSE community-based curation procedures is presented. The illustrated findings show how the PMDco bridges semantic gaps between high-level, MSE-specific, and other science domain semantics. Additionally, it demonstrates how the PMDco lowers development and integration thresholds. Moreover, the research highlights how to fuel it with real-world data sources ranging from manually conducted experiments and simulations with continuously automated industrial applications. KW - Ontology KW - Materials science and engineering KW - Knowledge representation KW - Reproducibility KW - Semantic interoperability KW - Semantic data integration PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-592948 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112603 SN - 0264-1275 VL - 237 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-59294 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Aschen und Schlacken aus der Abfallverbrennung im Lichte der Ersatzbaustoffverordnung N2 - Im Rahmen eines vom Umweltbundesamt geförderten Forschungsprojekts wurde untersucht, ob die Abtrennung der Feinfraktion (0-2 mm) eine Verbesserung der umweltrelevanten Eigenschaften bewirkt und somit HMVA-1 erreicht werden kann. In Deutschland wird die Rostasche durch Nassentschlackungssysteme aus dem Feuerraum ausgetragen. Durch den Kontakt mit Wasser setzen direkt hydraulische Reaktionen ein, die eine vollständige Abtrennung der Feinfraktion unmöglich machen. Das wurde bereits in den 1990er Jahren erkannt und führte zur Entwicklung des ABB InRec Verfahrens mit Trockenentaschung als ersten Verfahrensschritt. Auch damals war das Ziel eine möglichst inerte Rostasche für die Verwertung zu erzeugen. In den letzten Jahren wurden in der Schweiz Trockenentaschungssystem installiert, hier vor allem um die Rückgewinnung von elementaren Metallen auch in der Feinfraktion zu verbessern. Welche Potenziale sich dabei erschließen lassen, wurde in einem anderen UBA-Projekt untersucht. Im Rahmen unserer Arbeiten wurde versuchsweise trockene Rostasche an einer Anlage in Süddeutschland genommen und im Labor untersucht. Im Vortrag werden die Ergebnisse zum Auslaugverhalten und zur Gefahreneigenschaft HP14 (Ökotoxizität) vorgestellt. T2 - Jahrestreffen 2024 der DECHEMA-Fachgruppen Abfallbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (AuW) und Gasreinigung (GAS) CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 25.03.2024 KW - Rostasche KW - Ersatzbaustoffe PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59985 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peña-Diaz, Priscila A1 - Braymer, Joseph A1 - Vacek, Vojtěch A1 - Zelená, Marie A1 - Lometto, Stefano A1 - Mais, Christopher-Nils A1 - Hrdý, Ivan A1 - Treitli, Sebastian C. A1 - Hochberg, Georg K.A. A1 - Py, Béatrice A1 - Lill, Roland A1 - Hampl, Vladimír T1 - Characterization of the SUF FeS cluster synthesis machinery in the amitochondriate eukaryote Monocercomonoides exilis N2 - Monocercomonoides exilis is the first known amitochondriate eukaryote. Loss of mitochondria in M. exilis ocurred after the replacement of the essential mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly machinery by a unique, bacteria-derived, cytosolic SUF system. It has been hypothesized that the MeSuf pathway, in cooperation with proteins of the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) system, is responsible for the biogenesis of FeS clusters in M. exilis, yet biochemical evidence is pending. Here, we address the M. exilis MeSuf system and show that SUF genes, individually or in tandem, support the loading of iron-sulfur (FeS) clusters into the reporter protein IscR in Escherichia coli. The Suf proteins MeSufB, MeSufC, and MeSufDSU interact in vivo with one another and with Suf proteins of E. coli. In vitro, the M. exilis Suf proteins form large complexes of varying composition and hence may function as a dynamic biosynthetic system in the protist. The putative FeS cluster scaffold MeSufB-MeSufC (MeSufBC) forms multiple oligomeric complexes, some of which bind FeS clusters and form selectively only in the presence of adenosine nucleotides. The multi-domain fusion protein MeSufDSU binds a PLP cofactor and can form higher-order complexes with MeSufB and MeSufC. Our work demonstrates the biochemical property of M. exilis Suf proteins to act as a functional FeS cluster assembly system and provides insights into the molecular mechanism of this unique eukaryotic SUF system. KW - Biocorrosion KW - Hydrogenases KW - Iron-sulfur clusters KW - Metalloproteins PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.07.018 SP - 1 EP - 37 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-60755 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Busche, Steffen A. A1 - Vigarani, Giulia A1 - Retzmann, Anika A1 - Meermann, Björn A1 - Börner, Hans G. T1 - Heavy metal on stage: Making ion-exchange resin selective by peptide tetrazine-norbornene ligation N2 - The challenge of recycling metal salt-contaminated wastewater is more relevant than ever, and cost-effective materials for specific ion-binding are required. A generic route to functionalize a macroporous polystyrene ion-exchange resin (LR-NH2) via chemoselective inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) ligation is demonstrated. The resin is modified using accessible endo-/exo-5-norbornene-2-carboxylic acid (Nb-COOH) and a set of tetrazine-functionalized 5mer peptides based on sequence variations of the literature known Cu2+ binding domain HGGGW is employed for the IEDDA ligation. The resulting peptide-functionalized resins (LR-Pz-Peptides) are studied for Cu2+ binding to correlate ion-binding capacity with sequence properties by single bead analysis of metal amounts via inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The complexation preferences are demonstrated and utilized for specific binding of Cu2+ versus Ni2+ from 1:1 salt mixture as a model system. Enrichment factors of up to 305 could be realized, which might open the potential for applications in metal recycling or waste water purification. KW - Heavy metals KW - Ion exchange resins KW - Analysis PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2023.126608 SN - 0032-3861 VL - 291 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-60756 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Shaheen, Sabahat T1 - Distributed acoustic sensing using geometric phase and its application to seismology N2 - This thesis deals with the development of a novel optical fiber sensing scheme based on geometric phase for sensing strain and its application to seismology. Interference of two coherent frequency offset electromagnetic waves gives rise to a geometric phase in the resulting beat signal. The existence of this phase was recently reported along with requisite conditions for its existence. This thesis proposes to detect and use this geometric phase in the context of distributed and dynamic fiber optic strain sensing, also known as distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). In the first part, I devise a novel DAS hardware setup capable of detecting the geometric phase considering that its measurement methods require the measurement of beam intensities and the beat signal’s envelope. The geometric phase is a function of relative intensity and polarisation state of two interfering beams. Therefore, its measurement is verified by determining its relation on these quantities using a polarisation scrambler and a piezoelectric transducer, inline an optical fiber. It is a fundamental study that has implications in coherent optical communication and novel sensing mechanisms. The second part involves using the geometric phase in DAS for measurement of strain. I attempt to replace the traditionally measured dynamic phase in a DAS setup with the geometric phase. This is made possible by the fact that the geometric and dynamic phases are reportedly coupled over every beat period such that their sum remains constant. However, the spatial resolution for geometric phase is lower as it is measured per beat period. I determine an equivalence for the two phases empirically as well as optimum test parameters such as the required frequency offset between the interfering beams. The advantages offered by the use of geometric phase are demonstrated; geometric phase can be measured even when the two interfering beams have non-identical polarisation states, unlike the traditionally measured dynamic phase. Moreover, it does not require phase unwrapping and is therefore free from unwrapping errors. In the third and final part, the setup, after optimisation, is tested in the field to detect seismic waves travelling on the surface of the Earth in response to a set of blasts carried out at a test-site. The surface waves are used for the characterisation of the structure and material properties of the first tens of meters of the Earth with applications in earthquake monitoring, resource exploration and infrastructure planning. In short, this study is the first of its kind to measure geometric phase in beat signal of light using optical fiber medium and to measure strain with it, for which a novel hardware setup and a novel sensing mechanism is designed and tested in addition to its application in real-world seismology measurements. KW - C-OTDR KW - Distributed fiber optic sensing KW - Distributed vibration sensing KW - Geometric phase measurement PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 89 PB - Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina CY - Braunschweig AN - OPUS4-60956 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scholz, Philipp A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Schuck, G. A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Speciation of copper and zinc compounds relevant for the hazard property (HP) 14 classification of municipal solid waste incineration bottom and fly ashes N2 - The analysis of the presence and content of substances that are toxic to aquatic life in waste is essential for classification of waste with regard to hazard property (HP) 14 ‘ecotoxic’. For the determination of HP14 classified copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) compounds in various municipal solid waste incineration bottom ashes (IBA) and one fly ash (FA) from Germany we applied X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy in combination with linear combination fitting. The analysis showed that approx. 50–70% of Cu in the IBA are Cu(I) compounds and elemental Cu(0), but these compounds were not equally distributed in the different IBA. In contrast, the majority (approx. 50–70%) of Zn in all IBA is elemental zinc, which originates from brass or other alloys and galvanized metals with a large content of zinc in the waste. The FA contain higher mass fraction on Zn and other toxic elements, but similar Cu and Zn species. Additional performed selective extraction at a pH of 4 with an organic acid of some IBA showed that the ecotoxic Zn fraction is mainly elemental zinc and zinc oxide. In contrast, for the ecotoxic Cu fraction within the IBA no specific compound could be identified. Furthermore, the XANES analysis showed that the HP14 properties of especially Cu in IBA is overestimated with current best-practice guidelines for sample processing for the current substance-related approach with the 0.1% cut-off rule for each substance. However, it should be considered whether it would not be better from an environmental point of view to take the ecotoxicologically leachable copper and zinc as a reference value. KW - Thermal waste treatment KW - XANES spectroscopy KW - Ecotoxicity KW - Incineration bottom ash PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-609584 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2024.09.001 VL - 189 SP - 421 EP - 426 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-60958 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Scholz, Philipp A1 - Ling, Ruisi A1 - Koralewska, Ralf A1 - Gleis, Markus T1 - Aschen und Schlacken aus der Abfallverbrennung im Lichte der Ersatzbaustoffverordnung N2 - Aschen und Schlacken aus der thermischen Abfallbehandlung stellen mit rund 25% Massenanteil die größte Reststofffraktion dar. In Deutschland fallen pro Jahr rund 6 Millionen Tonnen an. Während sich die Verwertung der metallischen Anteile problemlos gestaltet, werden an die mineralische Fraktion Anforderungen bezüglich der möglichen Freisetzung von Schwermetallen sowie Chlorid und Sulfat gestellt. In der Ersatzbaustoffverordnung sind für Aschen und Schlacken aus der Abfallverbrennung zwei Materialklassen mit unterschiedlich hohen Anforderungen an die Umweltverträglichkeit definiert. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts wurde untersucht, ob mit Abtrennung der Feinfraktion von 0–2mm die höhere Materialklasse HMVA-1 erreicht werden kann. Im Ergebnis wurde eine Verbesserung des Auslaugverhaltens erzielt, doch nicht in dem Maß, dass eine Qualität nach HMVA-1 erreicht wird. Rostaschen halten aber die Anforderungen zur Deponierung auf einer DK I-Deponie sowie die Anforderungen zur Verwertung gemäß HMVA-2 sicher ein. KW - Rostasche KW - Auslaugtest KW - Ersatzbaustoff PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.37307/j.1863-9763.2024.07.08 SN - 1863-9763 VL - 56 IS - 7 SP - 407 EP - 411 PB - Erich Schmidt Verlag GmbH & Co. KG CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-60601 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -