TY - JOUR A1 - Fürst, Richard A1 - Hejtmanek, P. A1 - Vlach, T. A1 - Repka, J. A1 - Mozer, V. A1 - Hajek, P. T1 - Experimental Evaluation of Carbon Reinforced TRC with Cement Suspension Matrix at Elevated Temperature N2 - Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) is a new composite material comprising high-performance concrete and textile reinforcement from textile yarns with a matrix, usually consisting of epoxy resins (ER). The most significant advantage of ER is the homogenization of all filaments in the yarn and full utilization of its tensile potential. Nevertheless, ER matrix is a critical part of TRC design from the perspective of the fire resistance due to its relatively low resistance at temperatures of approximately 120 C. This work expands the previously performed mechanical tests at normal temperatures with cement suspension (CS) as a non-combustible material for the yarn matrix. Here, the mechanical properties of CS matrix at elevated temperatures were verified. It was found that the addition of polypropylene fibers into HPC negatively affected the mechanical results of CS matrix specimens. Simultaneously, thermal insulation effect of the covering layers with different thicknesses did not significantly influence the residual bending strength of specimens with CS matrix and achieved similar results as reference specimens. Furthermore, all specimens with ER matrix progressively collapsed. Finally, CS as a textile reinforcement of yarn matrix appears to be a suitable solution for increasing the temperature resistance of TRC structures and for substituting synthetic resins. KW - Cement matrix KW - Cement suspension KW - Carbon fibers KW - Textile reinforced concrete KW - High-performance concrete KW - Elevated temperature KW - Fire safety KW - Fire resistance PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-550766 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14112174 SN - 2073-4360 VL - 14 IS - 11 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-55076 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Thoralf A1 - Ebell, Gino T1 - Grundlagen der Korrosion N2 - Darstellung der Grundlagen der elektrochemischen Korrosion von metallenen Werkstoffen im Bauwesen. Dabei liegt das Hauptaugenmerk auf dem Zusammenhang zwischen Energieaufwand für den Herstellungsprozess und daraus resultierendem thermodynamisch instabilen Zustand und Korrosionsneigung. Der Einfluss der Deckschicht- Oxidschichtbildung wird ebenfalls behandelt. T2 - Sachkundelehrgang zur Durchführung von Potentialfeldmessungen 2022 CY - Baruth/Mark, Germany DA - 16.05.2022 KW - Korrosion KW - Potentialfeldmessung PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54868 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ebell, Gino T1 - Elektrochemische Messungen N2 - Elektrochemische Messungen könne, richtig angewandt, dazu dienen ein Korrosionssystem ausreichend gut zu beschreiben. Im Bauwesen, speziell bei Stahl in Beton, ist es jedoch ohne Kenntnis der korrodierenden Flächen oft nur möglich zwischen aktiv korrodierenden Bereichen und passiven, als Kathode wirksamen, Bereichen zu differenzieren. T2 - Sachkundelehrgang zur Durchführung von Potentialfeldmessungen 2022 CY - Baruth/Mark, Germany DA - 16.05.2022 KW - Potentialfeldmessung KW - Korrosion PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54869 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ebell, Gino T1 - Merkblatt B 03 der DGZfP - Ausgabe April 2014 N2 - Durch das alkalische Porenwassermilieu ist Stahl im Beton vor Korrosion geschützt. Unter ungünstigen Umgebungsbedingungen (Karbonatisierung, Chlorideintrag) kann die passive Deckschicht auf der Stahloberfläche zerstört werden. Im weiteren Verlauf können sich korrosionsbedingte Folgeschäden, wie Risse und Abplatzungen am Bauwerk ergeben. Um notwendige Sanierungsmaßnahmen sind frühzeitige und weitgehend zerstörungsfrei ermittelte Informationen über das aktuelle Korrosionsverhalten der Stahlbewehrung von großer Bedeutung. Die Potentialfeldmessung ist ein etabliertes und weit verbreitetes Verfahren zur Beurteilung des Korrosionszustandes der Bewehrung in Stahlbetonbauwerken. Mit Hilfe dieses Verfahrens können Bereiche aktiv korrodierender Bewehrung zerstörungsfrei lokalisiert werden. In der Regel kommt diese Messmethode bei der Detektion chloridinduzierter Korrosion zum Einsatz. T2 - Sachkundelehrgang zur Durchführung von Potentialfeldmessungen 2022 CY - Baruth/Mark, Germany DA - 16.05.2022 KW - Korrosion KW - Potentialfeldmessung PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54870 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spitzer, Stefan A1 - Jankuj, V. A1 - Krietsch, Arne T1 - Comparative Study on Standardized Ignition Sources Part 2: Exploration of the Initial Igniting Volume of Standardized Ignition Sources for the Determination of Explosion Characteristics N2 - There are several standardized ignition sources in use for the determination of explosion characteristics of gases, vapors and dusts. In the standards the ignition source is stated, but they vary in stating other characteristics like burning duration, energy or burning volume. Since heat is not visible under normal circumstances a Schlieren-Technique was used to make the full heating volume and not just the flames visible. While an earlier paper of the authors focused on the ignition energy and burning duration of four standardized ignition sources, this paper focuses on the initial igniting volume, the ratio between initial igniting volume and the test-vessel size and other phenomena that were observed with the Schlieren-Technique-. T2 - Loss Prevention CY - Prag, Czechia DA - 06.06.2022 KW - Ignition source KW - Hybrid Mixtures KW - 20L-sphere PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.3303/CET2290087 SN - 2283-9216 VL - 2022 IS - 90 SP - 517 EP - 522 PB - AIDIC CY - Milano AN - OPUS4-55028 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Spitzer, Stefan T1 - Comparative Study on Standardized Ignition Sources Part 2: Exploration of the Initial Igniting Volume of Standardized Ignition Sources for the Determination of Explosion Characteristics N2 - There are several standardized ignition sources in use for the determination of explosion characteristics of gases, vapors and dusts. In the standards the ignition source is stated, but they vary in stating other characteristics like burning duration, energy or burning volume. Since heat is not visible under normal circumstances a Schlieren-Technique was used to make the full heating volume and not just the flames visible. While an earlier paper of the authors focused on the ignition energy and burning duration of four standardized ignition sources, this paper focuses on the initial igniting volume, the ratio between initial igniting volume and the test-vessel size and other phenomena that were observed with the Schlieren-Technique. T2 - Loss Prevention CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 06.06.2022 KW - Ignition source KW - Hybrid Mixtures KW - 20L-sphere PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55029 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lehmann, Jens A1 - Ebell, Gino T1 - Erörterung des Messprotoklls N2 - Das für die Potentialfeldmessung in der neusten Ausgabe des Merkblattes B03 der DGZfP erarbeitete Messprotokoll berücksichtigt sowohl en Einsatz, von Stab-, Einrad- oder Vierradelektroden. In diesem Vortrag wird auf alle varianten des Gegenmessen von Bezugselektroden im Einsatz eingegangen, ebenso wie auf das Erfassen der notwendigen Randparameter. T2 - Sachkundelehrgang zur Durchführung von Potentialfeldmessungen 2022 CY - Baruth/Mark, Germany DA - 16.05.2022 KW - Korrosion KW - Potentialfeldmessung PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54871 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ebell, Gino T1 - Mögliche Fehlerquellen in der Praxis N2 - Die Potentialfeldmessung ist ein etabliertes und weit verbreitetes Verfahren zur Beurteilung des Korrosionszustandes der Bewehrung in Stahlbetonbauwerken. Mit Hilfe dieses Verfahrens können Bereiche aktiv korrodierender Bewehrung zerstörungsfrei lokalisiert werden. In der Regel kommt diese Messmethode bei der Detektion chloridinduzierter Korrosion zum Einsatz. Bei der Durchführung dieser Messung gibt es jedoch messtechnikspezifische Fehlerquellen und äußere Einflüsse aus dem zu untersuchenden Bauwerk die eine Interpretation der Messergebnisse signifikant beeinflussen können. T2 - Sachkundelehrgang zur Durchführung von Potentialfeldmessungen 2022 CY - Baruth/Mark, Germany DA - 16.05.2022 KW - Korrosion KW - Potentialfeldmessung PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54872 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF ED - Ebell, Gino T1 - Sammelmappe zum Sachkundelehrgang zur Durchführung von Potentialfeldmessungen 2022 N2 - Die Sammelmappe umfasst alle Lehrinhalte für den Sachkundelehrgang zur Durchführung von Potentialfeldmessungen 2022, der vom 16. bis 18.05.2022 in Baruth/Mark stattgefunden hat. T2 - Sachkundelehrgang zur Durchführung von Potentialfeldmessungen 2022 CY - Baruth/Mark, Germany DA - 16.05.2022 KW - Korrosion KW - Potentialfeldmessung PY - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 82 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-54873 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ebell, Gino T1 - Spannbetonbauwerke - Von der Initiierung zum Schaden N2 - Wasserstoffinduzierte Spannungsrisskorrosion an hochfesten und hochempfindlichen Spannstählen führt an bestehenden Brückenbauwerken nach Jahren der Rissinitiierung zu Trag- und Standsicherheitsverlusten. Anhand des Beispiels der Brücke am Altstädter Bahnhof gibt es eine bauartbedingte Schadensinitiierung die über den gesamten Spannkanalquerschnitt zu Spannungsrisskorrosion führen kann. T2 - AK-Sitzung Korrosionsschutz im konstruktiven Ingenieurbau CY - Online meeting DA - 12.05.2022 KW - Spannungsrisskorrosion KW - Korrosion PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54874 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Hüllmann, Dino A1 - Winkler, Nicolas P. A1 - Schugardt, Jan ED - Rudnitskaya, A. T1 - Remote Drone-to-Drone Gas Sensing: A Feasibility Study N2 - Remote gas sensors mounted on mobile robots enable the mapping of gas distributions in large or poorly accessible areas. A challenging task however, is the generation of three-dimensional distribution maps from these spatially sparse gas measurements. To obtain high-quality reconstructions, the choice of optimal measuring poses is of great importance. Remote gas sensors, that are commonly used in Robot Assisted Gas Tomography (RAGT), require reflecting surfaces within the sensor’s range, limiting the possible sensing geometries, regardless of whether the robots are ground-based or airborne. By combining ground and aerial robots into a heterogeneous swarm whose agents are equipped with reflectors and remote gas sensors, remote inter-robot gas measurements become available, taking RAGT to the next dimension – releasing those constraints. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of drone-to-drone measurements under realistic conditions and highlight the resulting opportunities. T2 - 19th International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose CY - Aveiro, Portugal DA - 29.05.2022 KW - Aerial robot KW - TDLAS KW - Inter-robot measurements KW - Gas tomography KW - Plume PY - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-5860-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/isoen54820.2022.9789627 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - IEEE CY - USA AN - OPUS4-54926 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Neumann, Patrick P. A1 - Hüllmann, Dino A1 - Winkler, Nicolas P. A1 - Schugardt, Jan T1 - Remote Drone-to-Drone Gas Sensing: A Feasibility Study N2 - Remote gas sensors mounted on mobile robots enable the mapping of gas distributions in large or poorly accessible areas. A challenging task however, is the generation of three-dimensional distribution maps from these spatially sparse gas measurements. To obtain high-quality reconstructions, the choice of optimal measuring poses is of great importance. Remote gas sensors, that are commonly used in Robot Assisted Gas Tomography (RAGT), require reflecting surfaces within the sensor’s range, limiting the possible sensing geometries, regardless of whether the robots are ground-based or airborne. By combining ground and aerial robots into a heterogeneous swarm whose agents are equipped with reflectors and remote gas sensors, remote inter-robot gas measurements become available, taking RAGT to the next dimension – releasing those constraints. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of drone-to-drone measurements under realistic conditions and highlight the resulting opportunities. T2 - 19th International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose CY - Aveiro, Portugal DA - 29.05.2022 KW - Aerial robot KW - TDLAS KW - Inter-robot measurements KW - Gas tomography KW - Plume PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54927 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Gödde, M. A1 - Salg, S. A1 - Erdt, René T1 - Self-ignition Behaviour of Bulk Materials: How Reliable is the Extrapolation of Laboratory Tests? N2 - The self-ignition behaviour of bulks is usually determined with the aid of isoperibolic or adiabatic hot storage tests; the sample volumes here are typically in the range of approx. 100 cm³ to several litres. The extrapolation to technically relevant volumes holds, however, considerable uncertainties. To reduce these uncertainties, a test stand was set up that allows to investigation sample sizes of up to 1000 dm³. These allow the study of selfignition behavior closer to the conditions that prevail in practice. The suitability (or unsuitability) of the established methods (including dangerous goods classification tests) were to be demonstrated and influencing variables that cannot be measured on a laboratory scale were to be determined. In addition, various analytical methods were used for the determination of reaction kinetic data of solid bulk materials and to predict the self-ignition behaviour of large storages. These are thermal analyses such as differential scanning calorimetry DSC, simultaneous thermal analysis STA as well as microcalorimetry for highprecision measurement of heat flows. Complete test series using all mentioned test methods will be presented for crosslinked polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) and conclusions regarding the applicability of the extrapolation methods will be discussed. Hot storage tests up to semi-industrial scale and their combination with various thermoanalytical methods allow a much more precise prediction of the self-ignition behaviour of large bulks. A further promising approach to estimate their heat release rates, and hence, the risk of self-ignition under technical conditions, is the use of microcalorimetric methods. T2 - Loss Prevention 2022 CY - Prag, Czechia DA - 05.06.2022 KW - Self-ignition KW - Kinetic data KW - Semi-technical tests KW - Thermoanalytical methods PY - 2022 SN - 978-88-95608-88-4 DO - https://doi.org/10.3303/CET2290049 SN - 2283-9216 VL - 90 SP - 289 EP - 294 PB - AIDIC AN - OPUS4-55079 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Erdt, René A1 - Gödde, M. A1 - Salg, S. T1 - Self-ignition Behaviour of Bulk Materials: How Reliable is the Extrapolation of Laboratory Tests? N2 - The self-ignition behaviour of bulks is usually determined with the aid of isoperibolic or adiabatic hot storage tests; the sample volumes here are typically in the range of approx. 100 cm³ to several litres. The extrapolation to technically relevant volumes holds, however, considerable uncertainties. To reduce these uncertainties, a test stand was set up that allows to investigation sample sizes of up to 1000 dm³. These allow the study of selfignition behavior closer to the conditions that prevail in practice. The suitability (or unsuitability) of the established methods (including dangerous goods classification tests) were to be demonstrated and influencing variables that cannot be measured on a laboratory scale were to be determined. In addition, various analytical methods were used for the determination of reaction kinetic data of solid bulk materials and to predict the self-ignition behaviour of large storages. These are thermal analyses such as differential scanning calorimetry DSC, simultaneous thermal analysis STA as well as microcalorimetry for highprecision measurement of heat flows. Complete test series using all mentioned test methods will be presented for crosslinked polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) and conclusions regarding the applicability of the extrapolation methods will be discussed. Hot storage tests up to semi-industrial scale and their combination with various thermoanalytical methods allow a much more precise prediction of the self-ignition behaviour of large bulks. A further promising approach to estimate their heat release rates, and hence, the risk of self-ignition under technical conditions, is the use of microcalorimetric methods. T2 - Loss Prevention 2022 CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 05.06.2022 KW - Self-ignition KW - Kinetic data KW - Semi-technical tests KW - Thermoanalytical methods PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55080 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Häßler, Dustin A1 - Hothan, Sascha T1 - Performance of intumescent fire protection coatings applied to structural steel tension members with circular solid and hollow sections N2 - Intumescent fire protection coatings are used to improve the fire resistance of steel members. Due to slender cross-sections typically used for tension members, high demands are placed on the effectiveness and reliability of the intumescent coatings. This paper describes real-scale fire tests of intumescent coatings applied to steel tension members with circular solid and hollow sections. First, the current regulations for the application of intumescent coatings on steel tension members are discussed. After that, a comparison between the foaming behaviour and failure mechanisms of intumescent coatings applied to steel tension members with different cross-sections and loading conditions is given. Next, the experimental setup and procedure of the performed fire tests are presented. In addition, the influences of various parameters on the performance of the intumescent coating are analysed, including the geometry of the steel profile, dry film thickness of the intumescent coating, load utilisation level as well as the orientation of the member. Based on the theoretical considerations and results of the fire tests, it is evidenced that mechanically loaded fire tests are essential to assess accurately the contribution of intumescent fire protection coatings to the fire resistance of steel tension members with circular solid sections. KW - Fire tests KW - Intumescent coating KW - Reactive fire protection system KW - Steel KW - Tension members PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-548981 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2022.103605 SN - 0379-7112 VL - 131 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-54898 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fürst, Richard A1 - Häßler, Dustin A1 - Hothan, Sascha T1 - Influence of the profile type and bar orientation on the performance of intumescent coatings applied to steel tension bars N2 - Intumescent coatings are commonly used in civil engineering to improve the fire resistance of steel constructions. Especially in the case of tension bars, where mostly circular or rectangular solid sections are used, intumescent coatings offer an efficient measure to improve the fire resistance taking advantage of profile-following application and low coating thickness requirements. Thus, the architectural appearance of slender profiles can be preserved. The paper describes real-scale mechanically loaded and unloaded fire tests of circular and rectangular solid steel tension bars with intumescent coating. The aim of these tests is to investigate the influence of the different profile types as well as different bar orientations on the performance of intumescent coatings. The results are used to specify a normative test and assessment procedure to be implemented in a new European standard for determining the contribution of intumescent coatings to the fire resistance of circular or rectangular bars used as tension members. KW - Fire test KW - Intumescent coating KW - Steel tension member KW - Fire resistance PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2022.103678 SN - 0379-7112 VL - 134 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-56172 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eberwein, Robert T1 - Wasserstoff - Kryogene Anwendungen N2 - Wasserstoff wird als ein potenzieller alternativer Energieträger gesehen, mit dem die für 2050 gesetzten Klimaziele erreicht werden könnten. Der Transport von Wasserstoff ist mittels verschiedener Speichertechniken möglich, von denen der kryogene Transport mit den größten volumetrischen Energiedichten einhergeht. Hierdurch eignen sich diese Speicher besonders für die energieintensiven Verkehrsmittel im Land-, See- und Flugverkehr. Im Vortrag werden Speichertechniken, Gefahren im Umgang mit kryogenen Gasen sowie bisherige Störfälle dargestellt. Darauf aufbauend wird ein Teil der aktuellen Forschungsarbeit an der BAM vorgestellt, die die Sicherheit dieser Speicher unter außergewöhnlichen Belastungen adressiert. T2 - 26. Gefahrgutkongress Mecklenburg-Vorpommern CY - Rostock, Germany DA - 03.11.2022 KW - Wasserstoff KW - H2 KW - LNG KW - LH2 KW - Tank PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56181 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lu, Xin A1 - Schukar, Marcus A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Characterizing vibration response of fiber cables for distributed acoustic sensing N2 - The vibration responses of two fiber cables are characterized up to 16 kHz and compared with a standard tight-buffered 900 um fiber. The response of the cables is suppressed due to the cable protection T2 - 27th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS-27) CY - Alexandria, VA, USA DA - 29.08.2022 KW - Response characterization KW - Distributed fiber sensing KW - Acoustic sensing PY - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Optica CY - Washington D.C., USA AN - OPUS4-56096 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lu, Xin A1 - Schukar, Marcus A1 - Weege, S. A1 - Roske, T. A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Leakage detection at a borehole simulator using distributed acoustic sensing N2 - A distributed acoustic sensing system is used to detect the leakage in a borehole simulator by measuring the leakage induced vibration. The leakage location can be clearly determined by frequency spectrum analysis. T2 - 27th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS-27) CY - Alexandria, VA, USA DA - 29.08.2022 KW - Leakage detection KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Distributed fiber sensing KW - Distributed acoustic sensing PY - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Optica CY - Washington D.C., USA AN - OPUS4-56097 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lu, Xin A1 - Schukar, Marcus A1 - Weege, S. A1 - Roske, T. A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Leakage detection at a borehole simulator using distributed acoustic sensing N2 - A distributed acoustic sensing system is used to detect the leakage in a borehole simulator by measuring the leakage induced vibration. The leakage location can be clearly determined by frequency spectrum analysis. T2 - 27th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS-27) CY - Alexandria, VA, USA DA - 29.08.2022 KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Distributed fiber sensing KW - Distributed acoustic sensing KW - Leakage detection PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56098 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eilers, M. A1 - Alte-Teigeler, R. A1 - Borchers, R. A1 - Gallai, G. A1 - Habiger, D. A1 - Recknagel, Christoph A1 - Karczewski, B. A1 - Koll, J. A1 - Lorenz, S. A1 - Marossow, H. A1 - Schneider, Th. A1 - Seiffart, J. A1 - Stark, S. A1 - et al., T1 - Technische Prüfvorschriften für Fahrbahnübergänge aus Asphalt, TL/TP-ING - Teil 6, Abschnitt 7 N2 - Technische Lieferbedingungen und Technische Prüfvorschriften für Ingenieurbauten KW - Brückenbeläge KW - Asphaltbauweisen KW - Fahrbahnübergänge PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-86446-343-3 VL - 780/3 SP - 1 EP - 26 PB - FGSV Verlag GmbH CY - Köln AN - OPUS4-56218 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eilers, M. A1 - Alte-Teigeler, R. A1 - Borchers, R. A1 - Gallai, G. A1 - Habiger, D. A1 - Recknagel, Christoph A1 - Karczewski, B. A1 - Koll, J. A1 - Lorenz, S. A1 - Marossow, H. A1 - Schneider, Th. A1 - Seiffart, J. A1 - Stark, S. A1 - et al., T1 - Zusätzliche Technische Vertragsbedingungen und Richtlinien für Ingenieurbauten, Teil 6: Bauwerksausstattung, Abschnitt 7: Fahrbahnübergänge N2 - ZTV ING, Teil 6, Abschnitt 7) Zusätzliche Technische Vertragsbedingungen und Richtlinien für Ingenieurbauten, Teil 6: Bauwerksausstattung, Abschnitt 7: Fahrbahnübergänge KW - Brückenbeläge KW - Asphaltbauweisen KW - Fahrbahnübergänge PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-86446-344-0 VL - 782/7 SP - 1 EP - 30 PB - FGSV Verlag GmbH CY - Köln AN - OPUS4-56219 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Auersch, Lutz A1 - Song, Jiaojiao T1 - Dynamic damage detection of slab tracks – finite element models on Winkler soil and finite-element boundary-element models on continuous soil N2 - The train passages over intact or damaged slab tracks on different soils have been calculated by two methods. The finite element method (FEM) uses a Winkler soil under the track model by adding a thin “soil layer”. The combined finite element boundary element method has a continuous soil model which is included by the boundary element method. The basic results are the distributions of the track (rail, track plate, and base layer) displacements along the track for a single axle laod. These solutions are superposed to a complete train load and transformed to time histories. The influence of track and soil parameters has been analysed. The main interest is the influence of the track damage. A gap between track plate and base layer of different lengths has been studied for changes in amplitudes and widths of deflection. A best fit to measured track displacements has been found so that the track damage can be identified and quantified. The FEM model with Winkler soil cannot be fitted to the amplitude and width with the same soil parameters. Therefore, the FEBEM model is preferable for these railway track problems. KW - Track damage quantification KW - Finite element method KW - Combined finite-element boundary-element method PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-562207 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/civileng3040055 SN - 2673-4109 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 979 EP - 997 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-56220 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Battig, Alexander T1 - Flame Retardancy Forge on Sustainability - Fun, Food for Thought, Future N2 - This presentation outlines the role biogenic flame retardant fillers play in attaining sustainability goals associated with the bioeconomy. The talk presents biogenic waste compounds as flame retardant syngergists with phosphorus flame retardants in various polymers. T2 - Climate Change @ Fire Science Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 10.11.2022 KW - Sustainable KW - Flame retardancy KW - Bioeconomy PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56285 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ebell, Gino T1 - Entwicklung der Potentialfeldmessung –forschung, Regelwerk, Fortbildung N2 - Ein Übersichtsvortrag zur Entwicklung der Prüfmethode zu einem etablierten und geregelten Messverfahren für die Korrosionszustandsermittlung von Stahlbetonbauwerken. T2 - GfKORR Jahrestagung - Aktuelles aus der Korrosionsforschung - Nutzen und praktische Anwendungen CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 08.11.2022 KW - Potentialfeldmessung KW - Korrosion KW - Stahlbeton KW - Korrosionsprüfung PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56206 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grunewald, Thomas T1 - Zündgefahren durch Funken-Grundlagen und Maßnahmen zum nichtelektrischen Explosionsschutz N2 - Bei Geräten und Maschinen zur bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen muss in der europäischen Union eine Zündgefahrenbewertung durchgeführt werden. Dabei müssen unter anderem die Gefahren von nichtelektrischen Zündquellen betrachtet werden, zu denen auch die mechanischen Schlagvorgänge gehören. Bei Schlagvorgängen kommt es infolge des Zusammenstoßes zweier Werkstücke zu einer Umwandlung der kinetischen Energie. Dabei erhöht sich die Temperatur der Werkstoffe an der Kontaktstelle und es kommt unter Umständen zu einem Abtrennvorgang kleiner Partikel erhöhter Temperatur. Sowohl die heißen Kontaktstellen als auch die abgetrennten Partikel können eine wirksame Zündquelle für ein explosionsfähiges Gasgemisch darstellen. Zur Festlegung von Grenzwerten wurden in der Norm DIN EN ISO 80079-36:2016 die Gasgemische anhand ihrer Explosionsgruppe klassifiziert und zu jeder Gruppe die maximale Energie des Schlagvorgangs festgelegt, unter derer die Entstehung einer wirksamen Zündquelle als unwahrscheinlich angenommen werden kann. T2 - Ausbildung zum Explosionsschutzbeauftragten (Veranst.-Nr. VA22-00188-050-E) im Haus der Technik (HdT) - Außeninstitut der RWTH Aachen und der Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45127 Essen CY - Essen, Germany DA - 08.11.2022 KW - Schlagfunken KW - Schleiffunken KW - Reibfunken KW - Mechanisch erzeugte Funken KW - Nichtelektrische Funken KW - Mechanischer Explosionsschutz KW - Nichtelektrischer Explosionsschutz PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56211 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eilers, M. A1 - Alte-Teigeler, R. A1 - Borchers, R. A1 - Gallai, G. A1 - Habiger, D. A1 - Recknagel, Christoph A1 - Karczewski, B. A1 - Koll, J. A1 - Lorenz, S. A1 - Marossow, H. A1 - Schneider, Th. A1 - Seiffart, J. A1 - Stark, S. A1 - et al., T1 - Technische Lieferbedingungen für die Baustoffe zur Herstellung von Fahrbahnübergängen aus Asphalt (TL ING, Teil 6, Abschnitt 7) N2 - TL BEL-FÜ Technische Lieferbedingungen für die Baustoffe zur Herstellung von Fahrbahnübergängen aus Asphalt TL/TP-Ing - Teil 6, Abschnitt 7 Technische Lieferbedingungen und Technische Prüfvorschriften für Ingenieurbauten KW - Brückenbeläge KW - Asphaltbauweisen KW - Fahrbahnübergänge PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-86446-342-6 VL - 780/2 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - FGSV Verlag GmbH CY - Köln AN - OPUS4-56216 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lucassen, A. A1 - Heidermann, T. A1 - Kreißig, M. A1 - Kant, Hanjo A1 - Gutte, F. A1 - Bartsch, D. A1 - Bosse, P. A1 - Schmidt, Dirk A1 - Ruwe, L. T1 - Performance of the standardized testing method for detonation fl ame arresters at increased pressure N2 - Detonation flame arresters are typically used as autonomous protection systems in industrial applications to prevent potential hazards associated with flammable and/ or explosive chemicals. To verify and examine the suitability of detonation flame arresters, a testing method originating from the DIN EN ISO 16852 standard is used, which is mainly designed for atmospheric conditions. In order to optimize the production capabilities, numerous industrial processes are taking place at pressures, temperatures, or oxygen concentrations beyond the ambient range, i.e. at non-atmospheric conditions and information on the performance of the regulated testing method are therefore required when the standard testing protocols are modified with regard to pressure, temperature or oxidizer. The main objective of this study is to develop an improved testing method for detonation flame arresters, which offers a higher reproducibility and moreover, an applicability under non-atmospheric conditions. Therefore, an interlaboratory comparison on the performance of in-line flame arresters for stable and unstable detonations is jointly conducted by the project partners (PTB, BAM, Braunschweiger Flammenfilter GmbH and IBExU GmbH). The experiments are performed according to the testing method regulated in the DIN EN ISO 16852 standard for different pressures before ignition and different explosion groups. The experimental data is analyzed in detail to further optimize the test method and to thus achieve an improved reproducibility of detonation tests at high pressures, especially regarding the deflagration to detonation transition. Potential ambiguities of the standardized testing method that might lead to the differing results at the different institutes are identified from the interlaboratory comparison and the test method is modified accordingly. Based on these results, an improved testing method for detonation flame arresters will be developed, which will ensure a greater safety at process plants while handling combustibles. T2 - 39th International symposium on combustion CY - Vancouver, Canada DA - 24.07.2022 KW - Experimental tests KW - Flame arrester KW - Explosion protection PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56188 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schendler, Thomas T1 - Arbeit der Kommission für Anlagensicherheit (KAS) N2 - Kurze Vorstellung der KAS; Aktuelles Arbeitsprogramm; Kurze Darstellung von Ergebnissen; Stand Diskussion/Verfolgung von Ereignissen/Störfällen; Kurze Vorstellung der Ergebnisse des FuE-Vorhabens „Umfassende systematische Auswertung von Störfällen und sonstigen Ereignissen in industriellen Anlagen“ T2 - Kolloquium Anlagensicherheit/Störfallvorsorge CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 29.09.2022 KW - KAS KW - Ereignisse KW - Störfälle PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56125 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wosniok, Aleksander A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Achievements and challenges of distributed polymer optical fiber sensors @BAM N2 - Monitoring of construction projects plays increasingly important role in the implementation of growing needs and requirements, especially in geologically difficult areas. This particularly concerns tunnelling and special civil engineering projects. The use of fiber optic sensors for structural health monitoring provides significant economic advantages regarding lower life-cycle costs of the civil infrastructure. We present our achievements in the development of distributed polymer optical fiber sensors based on Rayleigh and Brillouin scattering for early damage detection. T2 - POF Conference CY - Bilbao, Spain DA - 26.09.2022 KW - Distributed POF sensor KW - OTDR KW - OFDR KW - Smart geosynthetics PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56031 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz A1 - Said, Samir A1 - Rohrmann, Rolf T1 - Measurement and evaluation tools for ground and building vibrations from industrial process-es, construction work, traffic and other sources N2 - Vibration measurements have many causes and many technical and natural sources. Problems can sometimes be solved by short-term measurements, but in many cases, a long-term measurement is necessary. In long-term measurements of days, weeks, months and even years, it is easy to collect a huge quantity of raw data, but at the end, the post-processing of these data can be exhausting (for example one-year vibration data of a wind energy tower). A software has been developed which con-sists of measuring and evaluation routines where the measuring routines can operate different meas-uring systems and different measuring cards. The main advantage of this software is the fact that the interesting evaluations can be integrated in the measuring process so that the characteristics of the vibration can be extracted without storing all the raw data. Only important time segments are stored, for example train passages. The overall concept of the software and the main evaluation routines will be described in some details. Examples of our measurement experience will illustrate the capabilities of the software. 1) Surveying construction work in nearby sensitive buildings (for example an old wind tunnel), including a stable alarm system and meaningful vibration limits. 2) Prediction of train-induced vibration for a planned building to prevent annoyance and to improve the building design. 3) Modal analysis and long term measurements of several single- or multi-span, concrete or steel bridges 4) Modal and wave analysis of coupled floors in a historical building (“Neues Palais” at Potsdam). 5) Soil properties of various measurement sites (different routines to evaluate the dispersion). Moreover, from many projects, amplitudes, frequencies, and attenuation laws have been collected and analysed for the different sources such as vibratory or impact pile driving and ground compaction, demolition work with different machines, blasting in quarries and in tunnel works, bomb and mine clearing. T2 - 28th International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV28) CY - Online meeting DA - 25.07.2022 KW - Ground vibration KW - Building vibration KW - Measurement KW - Evaluation KW - Modes and waves PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56035 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Effects of a varying track and soil stiffness on ground vibrations near railway lines N2 - Usually, geometric irregularities are considered as the main cause of ground vibrations from trains. A varying stiffness of the track, the track support and the soil can also generate ground vibrations. The regular stiffness variation of the track on and between the sleepers results in a deterministic dynamic axle load. The random stiffness variation of the track support yields also dynamic axle loads. The dynamic axle loads are generated by the varying wheel displacements under the static axle load by the acceleration of the unsprung mass of the rail vehicle. The random stiffness variation has a second effect. The pulses from the passage of the static axle loads are superposed regularly to the quasi-static response, but also irregularly to yield a “scattered” part of the axle pulses. The same holds for a random variation of the soil stiffness. All these effects of stiffness variations have been calculated by wavenumber-domain multi-beam track models, a random finite-element soil model and the superposition of axle impulses in a stochastic simulation. The results are confronted with many measurements at different sites. It is concluded that the stiffness variation of the track and the soil generate an important ground vibration component near railway lines. T2 - Railways 2022 CY - Montpellier, France DA - 22.08.2022 KW - Ground vibration KW - Railways KW - Varying track stiffness KW - Varying soil stiffness PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56036 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Railway-induced ground and building vibrations – Analysis in frequency-wavenumber domain and fast prediction with approximate models N2 - A simple and fast prediction scheme is presented for train-induced ground and building vibrations. For the emission, finite-element boundary-element or multiple-beam-on-continuous-soil models of the track have been analysed and approximated by faster track-on-Winkler-soil models. The vehicle-track interaction due to irregularities yields the excitation forces. For the transmission of waves in the soil, the wavenumber integral of the compliance of layered soils has been evaluated. The calculation time is reduced for the prediction by using the solution of a homogeneous half-space with a frequency-dependent wave velocity (the dispersion) of the soil. For the immision, many 2 and 3-dimenisonal finite-element building models have been investigated, and a good approximation has been established by a 1-dimensional soil-wall-floor model. In addition, the axle sequence of the train, the quasi-static and the “scattered” response of the soil, and the wave propagation from a tunnel to a pile foundation of a building have been included. T2 - ISMA-Conference CY - Leuven, Belgium DA - 12.09.2022 KW - Ground vibration KW - Building vibration KW - Railways KW - Simple and fast prediction PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56038 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, W. A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Katsumi, N. A1 - Ebell, Gino A1 - Völker, Tobias T1 - Ion distribution in concrete overlay, mapped by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), modified by an embedded zinc anode N2 - Galvanic corrosion protection by embedded zinc anodes is an accepted technique for the corrosion protection of reinforcing steel in concrete. Galvanic currents flow between the zinc anode and the steel reinforcement due to the potential difference that is in the range of a few hundred mV. The ion distribution was studied on two steel reinforced concrete specimens admixed with 3 wt.% chloride/wt. cement and galvanically protected by a surface applied EZ-anode. On both specimens, a zinc anode was embedded and glued to the concrete surface by a geo-polymer-based chloride-free binder. At one specimen, the EZ-anode was operated for 2,5 years, the EZ-anode at the other specimen was not electrically connected to the reinforcement, this specimen serves as a reference. Both specimens have been stored under identical conditions. The ion distribution between the anode (EZ-ANODE) and cathode (steel reinforcement) was studied by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) after 7 months, 12 months, and 2,5 years. Results of the LIBS studies on the specimen with activated EZ-anode after 7 months, 12 months, and 2,5 years and of the reference specimen after 2,5 years are reported. Results show that diffusion of ions contributes to the changes in the ion distribution but migration, especially of chlorides towards the EZ-anode is significant despite the weak electric field – several hundred millivolts - generated by the galvanic current. Results show that chloride ions accumulate near the zinc-anode as in water-insoluble zinc-hydroxy chlorides - Simonkollite. T2 - ICCRRR 2022 CY - Capetown, South Africa KW - Corrosion KW - LIBS KW - Zinc KW - Anode PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-560576 DO - https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236404023 SN - 2261-236X VL - 364 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis AN - OPUS4-56057 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Thoralf A1 - Seifert, Lando A1 - Ebell, Gino T1 - Vorstellung Projektergebnisse Wipano Vorhaben Spanntahlsicherheit N2 - Diese Präsentation stellt die Ergebnisse des abgeschlossenen WIPANO Vorhabens "Spannstahlsicherheit" vor, welches von der BAM in Kooperation mit dem Stahlwerks Annahütte und der Max Aicher GmbH bearbeitet wird. Es werden die Projektziele näher beleuchtet und verschiedentliche Highlights der erzielten Untersuchungsergebnisse vorgestellt. T2 - DIN-Ausschussitzung des NA 062-01-77 AA "Korrosionsprüfverfahren" CY - Berlin, Germay DA - 19.10.2022 KW - Korrosion KW - Spannstahl KW - Spannbetonbauwerke KW - Spannungsrisskorrosion KW - Wasserstoffversprödung PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56059 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Königsbauer, Korbinian A1 - Nöther, N. A1 - Schaller, M. B. A1 - Wosniok, Aleksander A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Distributed POF sensors for structural health monitoring in civil construction applications N2 - In this paper, a cost-efficient distributed fiber optic measurement system based on Rayleigh scattering is presented. The distributed digital incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (I-OFDR) method is developed for detection of significantly large strain in the range from 3 % up to 10 % as required by end users. For this purpose, a vector network analyzer used in the I-OFDR is replaced by a compact and cost-effective digital data acquisition system. This digital emitting/receiving unit enables the recording of the complex transfer function carrying information about the local deformations along the entire sensing fiber. T2 - POF 2022 The 30th International Conference on Plastic Optical Fibers CY - Bilbao, Spain DA - 26.09.2022 KW - I-OFDR KW - PF-POF KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Rayleigh backscatter measurement KW - Strain detection PY - 2022 VL - 2022 SP - 152 EP - 155 AN - OPUS4-56060 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krankenhagen, Rainer A1 - Zirker, Stefan T1 - Photothermal determination of thermal properties of concrete – a method evaluation N2 - The evaluation of thermal properties is probably an underrated tool for the onsite health monitoring of concrete structures. The photothermal approach offers a possibility to realize a real onsite measurement. This contribution presents the application of the photothermal approach under lab conditions on three different concrete types. The obtained results were compared with those of a commercial device based on the Transient Plane Source (TPS) method. Both agreed well within the estimated uncertainty ranges and therefore demonstrate the applicability of the photothermal method for this kind of investigations. First results of a concrete sample with different water contents support the potential of this method for the characterization of concrete in general. T2 - NDTCE 2022 CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 16.8.2022 KW - Thermal effusivity KW - Thermal conductivity KW - Moisture PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56063 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lu, Xin A1 - Schukar, Marcus A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Characterizing vibration response of fiber cables for distributed acoustic sensing N2 - The vibration responses of two fiber cables are characterized up to 16 kHz and compared with a standard tight-buffered 900 um fiber. The response of the cables is suppressed due to the cable protection. T2 - 27th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS-27) CY - Alexandria, VA, USA DA - 29.08.2022 KW - Distributed fiber sensing KW - Acoustic sensing KW - Response characterization PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56099 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seifert, Lando A1 - Müller, Thoralf A1 - Ebell, Gino T1 - Committee Meeting to WIPANO "Safety of Prestressing Steels" N2 - A conclusion on the WIPANO research project "Safety of Prestressing Steel" was presented in the final committee meeting at the end of the project. The project's exciting findings and recommendations for a new method were discussed with the audience of national and international stakeholders of the prestressing steel industry and representatives of inspection bodies and standardization. T2 - Committee Meeting to WIPANO research Project CY - Online meeting DA - 29.09.2022 KW - ISO 15630-3 KW - Prestressing Steels KW - Hydrogen-induced Stress Corrosion Cracking KW - Hydrogen PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56101 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eberwein, Robert A1 - Eberwein, Robert A1 - Scarponi, G. E. A1 - Dal Pozzo, Alessandro A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Systems With Cryogenic Liquefied Gases In Fire-Incidents N2 - The volumetric energy density of a gas can be increased by liquefaction, which occurs when the gas is cooled below the saturation point. Liquefied gases of great importance to the energy transition are Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), which can be liquefied at temperatures below 160°C. Systems for storing these gases typically must be overpressure resistant and require thermal super insulations (TSI) to hold cryogenic conditions and minimize boil-off losses from evaporation. TSI with vacuum and MLI or perlites are suitable for many applications involving LNG and LH2. Such systems are typically double-walled structures where the inner wall is in contact with the cryogenic liquefied gas. MLI or perlites are located in the gap between the inner and the outer wall, that is kept under vacuum conditions. This combination of insulations strongly reduces the heat transfer between the environment and the cryogenic liquefied gas. From an economic point of view the systems are well sophisticated. However, knowledge of the behavior of this kind of systems in a typical event such as a fire is limited, but necessary to evaluate the safety of the increasing number of applications. The objective of the research is to determine how TSI behaves at different fire temperatures during fire exposure and afterwards. Special attention is paid to changes in the heat flux, the material properties and vacuum state over time. For this purpose, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies have been carried out. In addition, a test rig was developed that allows testing of TSI at temperatures up to 1000°C under realistic integration conditions and subsequent analysis of the TSI samples. In the test rig the double-wall with vacuum and MLI or perlites inside is simulated. The fire conditions are simulated on one side of the double-wall by adjustable electrical heating elements. This process allows the implementation of repeatable heat flows of up to 100 kW/m². On the other side of the double-wall, cold or cryogenic conditions are simulated with a heat exchanger through which water or the vapor of liquid nitrogen (approx. -196°C) flows. The heat exchanger is also used to determine the heat flux through the double-wall. Thus, the test rig allows thermal loading and performance analysis of TSI samples at the same time. Compared to tests with real cryogenic systems, tests with this experimental setup have the advantage that, first, the instrumentation is easier to realize, and a higher repeatability is ensured. Second, the local heat flow can be determined over time, and the sample of a TSI can be taken non-destructively and thus analyzed. Third, the tests are less risky as well as time+ and material intensive, so that more tests and variants can be investigated with the same budget. Preliminary results obtained considering several types of MLI under vacuum show that all observed typs of MLI can be damaged under strong thermal loading. The damages observed were outgassing, melting, shrinkage, cracking, lump formation, and concomitant local loss of the MLI's function as a radiation shield. However, the study also shows that a damage does not always have an extreme effect on the insulating performance. T2 - IMECE2022 CY - Columbus, Ohio, USA DA - 30.10.2022 KW - LH2 KW - LNG KW - Safety KW - Insulation KW - Tank PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56445 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lohrer, Christian T1 - Mythos oder Wahrheit - die kalte Pyrotechnik N2 - Beschreibung akktueller Gefährdungen beim Missbrauch von Pyrotechnik in Stadien, insbesondere Fackeln. Produktentwicklung "kalte Pyrotechnik" wurde bewertet im Hinblick auf Temperatur und Aerosolemissionen. T2 - 22. Internationales Symposium des Bundeskriminalamtes für Sprengstoffermittelnde und Entschärfende unkonventioneller Spreng- und Brandvorrichtungen CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 28.11.2022 KW - Pyrotechnik KW - Fackeln KW - Aerosole KW - Fussballstadien PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56448 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grunert, Wiebke T1 - EU project ODYSSEUS - year 1 N2 - Vorstellung EU-Projekt ODYSSEUS zum Thema Home-Made-Explosives sowie erste Ergebnisse bzgl. Rezepten, Ausgangsstoffen und Home-Made-Explosives in diesem Zusammenhang. T2 - 22. Internationales Symposium des Bundeskriminalamtes für Sprengstoffermittelnde und Entschärfende unkonventioneller Spreng- und Brandvorrichtungen CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 28.11.2022 KW - Home-Made-Explosives KW - Precurser PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56449 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Liebner, Christian A1 - Patzelt, Anne-Katrin A1 - Krentel, Daniel T1 - BAM Testgelände Technische Sicherheit (TTS) N2 - Die Präsentation zeigt in Bild und Video die Möglichkeiten auf dem BAM TTS zur Durchführung von Versuchen unterschiedlicher Gefährlichkeitsstufen auf. Sie wendet sich an potentielle künftige Kooperationspartner aus dem Bereich der zivilen Sicherheitsforschung (Polizeibehörden, Feuerwehr, THW, andere Forschungseinrichtungen), um deren Forschungsbedarf mit den an der BAM vorhandenen Testmöglichkeiten abzugleichen und so ebenfalls dem Aufbau von überflüssigen konkurrierenden Parallelstrukturen an anderen Forschungseinrichtungen vorzubeugen. T2 - ForAn Anwendertreffen zum BMBF-Innovationsforum "Zivile Sicherheitsforschung" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 02.05.2022 KW - Zivile Sicherheitsforschung KW - Großversuche KW - Testgelände PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54847 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schepers, Winfried A1 - Kulke, D. T1 - Ermittlung dynamischer Bodensteifigkeit aus konventionellen geotechnischen Berichten N2 - Am Beispiel von mehreren Bauvorhaben wird untersucht, mit welchen Unsicherheiten bei der Anwendung von Korrelationen zwischen Sondierergebnissen und Scherwellengeschwindigkeit zur Beschreibung der dynamischen Bodeneigenschaften gerechnet werden muss. Die Auswertung von Korrelationen aus der Literatur zur Abschätzung der Scherwellengeschwindigkeit aus Drucksondierdaten zeigt, dass bei homogenen Sandböden die Verteilung der Scherwellengeschwindigkeit über die Tiefe sehr gut wiedergegeben werden kann. Die Korrelationen haben dabei die Tendenz, den tatsächlichen Wert zu überschätzen. In den vorliegenden Fällen haben sich Überschätzungen zwischen 20 % und 50 % ergeben. Mit zunehmendem Feinkornanteil werden die Unsicherheiten aus den Korrelationen jedoch größer. T2 - 7. VDI-Fachtagung Baudynamik CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 27.04.2022 KW - Dynamische Bodensteifigkeit PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-18-092379-6 SN - 0083-5560 VL - 2379 SP - 347 EP - 359 PB - VDI-Verlag CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-54762 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Wellenausbreitung und Pfähle im inhomogenen Boden – Gesetzmäßigkeiten für die Gründung von Windenergieanlagen und für die Prognose von Bahnerschütterungen aus Tunneln N2 - Es wird eine gekoppelte Finite-Element-Randelementmethode zur Berechnung von Pfahlgrün-dungen in inhomogenen (geschichteten) Böden vorgestellt. Sie beruht auf den Greenschen Funktionen (Punktlastlösungen) für inhomogene Böden. Diese Lösungen können auch für die Wellenausbreitung in der Tiefe, zum Beispiel von einem Bahntunnel zu einem eingebetteten Gebäude, dem Kellergeschoss benutzt werden. Die Punktlastlösungen in der Tiefe werden mit der Halbraumlösung an der Bodenoberfläche und mit der Vollraumlösung verglichen und Gesetzmäßigkeiten für geschichtete Böden abgeleitet. Zu den Pfahlgründungen werden die Horizontalnachgiebigkeiten von Pfählen in geschichteten Böden dargestellt. Für den homogenen und den kontinuierlich steifer werdenden Boden werden Potenzgesetze für den Boden- und Pfahleinfluss aufgestellt. Der Vergleich mit dem Winkler-Modell der rein lokalen Bodenreaktion zeigt, dass die Winkler-Bettung in allen Fällen einen zu kleinen Bodeneinfluss ergibt. T2 - 7. VDI-Fachtagung Baudynamik CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 27.04.2022 KW - Wellenausbreitung in der Tiefe KW - Nachgiebigkeiten KW - Windenergieanlagen PY - 2022 SN - 978-1-18-092379-6 SN - 0083-5560 VL - 2379 SP - 697 EP - 706 PB - VDI-Verlag CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-54768 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Wellenausbreitung und Pfähle im inhomogenen Boden – Gesetzmäßigkeiten für die Gründung von Windenergieanlagen und für die Prognose von Bahnerschütterungen aus Tunneln N2 - Es wird eine gekoppelte Finite-Element-Randelementmethode zur Berechnung von Pfahlgrün-dungen in inhomogenen (geschichteten) Böden vorgestellt. Sie beruht auf den Greenschen Funktionen (Punktlastlösungen) für inhomogene Böden. Diese Lösungen können auch für die Wellenausbreitung in der Tiefe, zum Beispiel von einem Bahntunnel zu einem eingebetteten Gebäude, dem Kellergeschoss benutzt werden. Die Punktlastlösungen in der Tiefe werden mit der Halbraumlösung an der Bodenoberfläche und mit der Vollraumlösung verglichen und Gesetzmäßigkeiten für geschichtete Böden abgeleitet. Zu den Pfahlgründungen werden die Horizontalnachgiebigkeiten von Pfählen in geschichteten Böden dargestellt. Für den homoge-nen und den kontinuierlich steifer werdenden Boden werden Potenzgesetze für den Boden- und Pfahleinfluss aufgestellt. Der Vergleich mit dem Winkler-Modell der rein lokalen Boden-reaktion zeigt, dass die Winkler-Bettung in allen Fällen einen zu kleinen Bodeneinfluss ergibt. T2 - 7. VDI-Fachtagung Baudynamik CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 27.4.2022 KW - Wellenausbreitung in der Tiefe KW - Pfahlnachgiebigkeiten KW - Erschütterungen KW - Tunnel PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54769 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lu, Xin A1 - Chruscicki, Sebastian A1 - Schukar, Marcus A1 - Münzenberger, Sven A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Application of Intensity-Based Coherent Optical Time Domain Reflectometry to Bridge Monitoring N2 - Although distributed fiber sensing techniques have been widely used in structural health monitoring, the measurement results of bridge monitoring, particularly under destructive testing, have rarely been reported. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first report of distributed vibration measurement results, which we obtained during a three-day destructive test on an abolished bridge. A coherent optical time domain reflectometry (COTDR) was used to acquire the vibration information while the bridge was being sawed. The obtained signal was analyzed in time and frequency domain. Some characteristics of the sawing-induced vibration were retrieved by the short-time Fourier transform; the vibration exhibited several high frequency components within the measured range up to 20 kHz and all the components appeared in the same time slot. Some unexpected signals were also detected. Thorough analysis showed that they are quite different from the sawing-induced vibration and are believed to originate from internal damage to the bridge (probably the occurrence of cracks). KW - Destructive testing KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Distributed fiber sensing KW - Distributed acoustic sensing PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-547451 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093434 VL - 22 IS - 9 SP - 3434 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-54745 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Michalchuk, Adam A1 - Morrison, C. T1 - From lattice vibrations to molecular dissociation N2 - The ease with which an energetic material can be initiated by mechanical impact is a critical parameter directing material safety and application. While impact sensitivity metrics are traditionally derived experimentally, recent developments have highlighted that the phenomenon is amenable to first principles simulation. In this chapter, we will outline a fully ab initio approach to predict the relative impact sensitivities of energetic materials based on the mechanochemical principles that link the impact event to vibrational energy transfer. This mechanism is key to rationalizing how a mechanical impact—which deposits energy into the low-frequency lattice vibrations—results in a molecular response. By simulating the vibrational energy levels (the so-called phonon density of states, PDOS) using first-principles computational methods (typically dispersion-corrected plane-wave density functional theory, PW-DFT) we can calculate the relative rate of energy propagation from the delocalized low-energy lattice vibrations through to the localized molecular modes. The latter traps the energy, which eventually results in bond rupture through heightened vibrational excitation. This method, based on vibrational up-pumping, offers a route toward predicting the impact sensitivities of a broad range of energetic materials, provided the crystal structure of the compound (or salt or co-crystal) is known. While it does not offer insight into the sensitizing roles undoubtedly played by crystal defects or grain boundaries, it does provide a level of understanding at the molecular and crystal packing levels. Correspondingly, this approach offers a feedback mechanism to chemists and materials scientists to guide the design of new materials with desired impact sensitivity behavior. KW - Energetic materials KW - Density functional theory KW - Material design PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822971-2.00010-3 VL - 22 SP - 215 EP - 232 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-54717 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Fladt, Matthias A1 - Meyer, I. T1 - Bewertung der Innenhydrophobierung von Fahrbahndeckenbetonen als neuartige AKR-Vermeidungsstrategie T1 - Evaluation of internal water-repellent treatment of concrete pavements as a novel AAR preventive measure N2 - Zur Nutzbarmachung grenzwertig alkaliempfindlicher Gesteinskörnungen für Betonfahrbahndecken wurde basierend auf einer Literaturrecherche die Eignung von je einem Innenhydrophobierungsmittel auf der Basis eines Kalziumstearats (HM-A), eines Silan-Siloxan-Gemisches (HM-B) sowie eines der Vertraulichkeit unterliegenden Wirkstoffs (HM-C) für die neuartige AKR-Vermeidungsstrategie untersucht. Die Basis für die Eignungsuntersuchungen bildeten die Rezepturen im ARS 04/2013 für den OB (D>8)/UB sowie für den OB 0/8. Zur Herausarbeitung des Einflusses des Hydrophobierungsmittels auf die schädigende AKR fand in der groben Kornfraktionen ein alkaliempfindlicher Grauwackesplitt Anwendung. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Wechselwirkung zwischen dem LP-Bildner und dem Hydrophobierungsmittel wurde seine Dosierung beim HM-A reduziert sowie beim HM-B geringfügig und beim HM-C um ein Vielfaches erhöht. Ausgehend von den ausgewählten Rezepturen mit den unterschiedlichen Hydrophobierungsmitteln wurden bei den Untersuchungen u.a. folgende Erkenntnisse gewonnen: • Nachweis der Funktionalität aller drei Hydrophobierungsmittel im Festbeton durch signifikant reduzierte kapillare Aufnahme der Prüflösung. • Verschlechterung der mechanischen Eigenschaften und des Frost-Tausalzwiderstands des OB (D>8)/UB bei Zugabe aller Hydrophobierungsmittel. • Verzicht auf den Einsatz des HM-A im OB (D>8)/UB aufgrund drastischer Verschlechterung der Verarbeitbarkeit des Frischbetons und hohem Festigkeitsverlust. • Verzicht auf den Einsatz des HM-B im OB (D>8)/UB aufgrund der Überschreitung des Dehnungsgrenzwerts nach dem 9. bzw. 10. Zyklus (mit bzw. ohne zyklischer Vorschädigung) und der einhergehenden starken Abwitterung bei der KWL mit NaCl-Lösung. • Nachweis nachhaltiger Verminderung schädigender AKR in beiden Betonarten mit HM-C in Klimawechsellagerung und 60°C-Betonversuch mit externer Alkalizufuhr, allerdings zu Lasten der mechanischen Eigenschaften und des Frost-Tausalz-Widerstands. Fazit: Bei geeigneter Wirkstoffauswahl hat die Innenhydrophobierung das Potenzial für die Nutzbarmachung grenzwertiger Gesteinskörnung. Ihre Überführung in die Praxis erfordert jedoch eine weitere ganzheitliche Optimierung der Baustoffperformance. Das schließt auch die Verifizierung gezielter betontechnologischer Maßnahmen zur Verminderung der Verschlechterung der mechanischen Eigenschaften und des Frost-Tausalz-Widerstandes ein. N2 - In order to enable utilization of borderline-acceptable alkali-sensitive aggregates for concrete road pavements, the applicability of an internal hydrophobic treatment for a novel alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) preventive measure was investigated. On the basis of a literature review, a calcium stearate (HM-A), a silane-siloxane emulsion (HM-B) and an active agent (HM-C), which is subject to confidentiality, were investigated. The mix designs from ARS 04/2013 for OB (D>8)/UB as well as for OB 0/8 formed the basis for the qualification tests. In order to shed light on the influence of the hydrophobic agent on the damaging AAR, alkali-sensitive greywacke chippings were used as the coarse grain aggregates. Due to the varying interaction between the air-entraining agent and the hydrophobic agent, the hydro-phobic agent dosage was reduced for HM-A, increased slightly for HM-B and increased many times over for HM-C. Based on the selected concrete mixes with the different hydrophobic agents the following findings were obtained: • Proof of the functionality of all three hydrophobic agents in hardened concrete by significantly reduced capillary absorption of the test solution. • Deterioration of the mechanical properties and the resistance to freeze-thaw with de-icing salt of the OB (D>8)/UB through the addition of all hydropho-bic agents. • The use of HM-A in OB (D>8)/UB should be avoided because of drastic deterioration of the workability of the fresh concrete and significant loss of strength. • The use of HM-B in OB (D>8)/UB was abandoned due to the exceeding of the expansion limit value from the 9th or 10th cycle onwards (with or without cyclical pre-damage) and the accompanying severe scaling during the cyclic climate storage test (CCST) with NaCl solution. • Proof of sustainable reduction of harmful AAR in both types of concrete with HM-C in CCST and 60°C concrete prism tests with external alkali supply. The disadvantage is deterioration of the mechanical properties and the resistance to freeze-thaw with de-icing salt. Conclusion: With a suitable selection of hydrophobic agent, internal waterrepellent treatment has the potential to enable utilization of borderline-acceptable alkali-sensitive aggregates. However, its transfer into practice re-quires a further holistic optimization of the building material performance. This includes the verification of specific concretetechnological measures to improve both, the mechanical properties and the resistance to freeze-thaw with de-icing salt. KW - Tausalzeintrag KW - Betonfahrbahndecke KW - Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktion PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-95606-643-6 SN - 0344-0788 VL - 1141 SP - 1 EP - 281 PB - Fachverlag NW in der Carl Ed. Schünemann KG CY - Bremen AN - OPUS4-54757 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hothan, Sascha A1 - Häßler, Dustin ED - Kuhlmann, U. T1 - Reaktive Brandschutzsysteme N2 - Die Erkenntnisse zu reaktiven Brandschutzsystemen (RBS) werden kontinuierlich erweitert, was sich in der Entwicklung neuer Produkte und der Ausweitung des durch technische Regelungen abgedeckten Anwendungsbereichs äußert. Der vorliegende Beitrag konzentriert sich auf die Verwendung von RBS auf Stahlkonstruktionen. Neben einer umfassenden Darstellung der aktuellen nationalen und europäischen Regelungen zu RBS, werden technologische Besonderheiten und deren Einfluss auf den Regelungsinhalt im Beitrag thematisiert. Dabei werden neben sich abzeichnenden Neuerungen auch die entsprechenden wissenschaftlich-technologischen Grundlagen dargelegt. Ferner wird die Frage nach der Bewertung der Dauerhaftigkeit von RBS für deutlich über 10 Jahre hinausgehende Zeiträume, und den sich damit einstellenden Feuerwiderstand der Konstruktion behandelt. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Darstellung zur aktuellen Forschung. Daraus abgeleitet wird ein Ausblick auf zukünftige Forschungsthemen. KW - Reaktives Brandschutzsystem KW - Stahl KW - Brandschutz KW - Feuerwiderstand PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-433-03361-6 SP - 367 EP - 400 PB - Ernst & Sohn Verlag CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-54735 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -