TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Advanced Materials for the Energy Transition N2 - Advanced Materials are crucial for the sucess of the energy transition. 10 relevant advanced materials were chosen and their role for relevant technologies was analysed. Challenges regarding their safe and sustainable use are discussed. T2 - OECD WPMN SG Advanced Materials Teleconference CY - Online meeting DA - 30.09.2025 KW - Solar Cells KW - Advanced Carbon Materials KW - Fuel Cells KW - Batteries KW - Hydrogen Storage PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64306 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Schneider, Ronald T1 - Time-variant reliability of deteriorating structural systems conditional on inspection and monitoring data N2 - The current practice of operating and maintaining deteriorating structural systems ensures acceptable levels of structural reliability, but it is not clear how efficient it is. Changing the current prescriptive approach to a risk-based approach has great potential to enable a more efficient management of such systems. Risk-based optimization of operation and maintenance strategies identifies the strategy that optimally balances the cost for controlling deterioration in a structural system with the achieved risk reduction. Inspections and monitoring are essential parts of operation and maintenance strategies. They are typically performed to reduce the uncertainty in the structural condition and inform decisions on future operation and maintenance actions. In risk-based optimization of operation and maintenance strategies, Bayesian updating is used to include information contained in inspection and monitoring data in the prediction of the structural reliability. All computations need to be repeated many times for different potential inspection and monitoring outcomes. This motivates the development of robust and efficient approaches to this computationally challenging task. The reliability of deteriorating structural systems is time-variant because the loads on them and their capacities change with time. In most practical applications, the reliability analysis of deteriorating structural systems can be approached by dividing their lifetime into discrete time intervals. The time-variant reliability problem can then be represented by a series of time-invariant reliability problems. Using this methodology as a starting point, this thesis proposes a novel approach to compute the time-variant reliability of deteriorating structural systems for which inspection and monitoring data are available. The problem is formulated in a nested way in which the prediction of the structural condition is separated from the computation of the structural reliability conditional on the structural condition. Information on the structural condition provided by inspections and monitoring is included in the reliability assessment through Bayesian updating of the system deterioration model employed to predict the structural condition. The updated system reliability is obtained by coupling the updated deterioration model with a probabilistic structural model utilized to calculate the failure probability conditional on the structural condition. This approach is the first main outcome of this thesis and termed nested reliability analysis (NRA) approach. It is demonstrated in two numerical examples considering inspected and monitored steel structures subject to high-cycle fatigue. An alternative – recently developed – approach, which also follows the strategy of discretizing time, describes deteriorating structural systems with hierarchical dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN). DBN combined with approximate or exact inference algorithms also enable the computation of the time-variant reliability of deteriorating structural systems conditional on information provided by inspection and monitoring data. In this thesis – as a proof of concept – a software prototype is developed based on the DBN approach, which can be used to assess the reliability of a corroding concrete box girder for which half-cell potential measurements are available. This is the second main outcome of this thesis. Both approaches presented in this thesis enable an integral reliability analysis of inspected and monitored structures that accounts for system effects arising from (a) the correlation among deterioration states of different structural elements, (b) the interaction between element deterioration and system failure, and (c) the indirect information gained on the condition of all unobserved structural elements from inspecting or monitoring the condition of some structural elements. Thus, both approaches enable a systemwide risk-based optimization of operation and maintenance strategies for deteriorating structural systems. The NRA approach can be implemented relatively easily with subset simulation, which is a sequential Monte Carlo method suitable for estimating rare event probabilities. Subset simulation is robust and considerably more efficient than crude Monte Carlo simulation. It is, however, still sampling-based and its efficiency is thus a function of the number of inspection and monitoring outcomes, as well as the value of the simulated event probabilities. The current implementation of the NRA approach performs separate subset simulation runs to estimate the reliability at different points in time. The efficiency of the NRA approach with subset simulation can be significantly improved by exploiting the fact that failure events in different years are nested. The lifetime reliability of deteriorating structural systems can thus be computed in reverse chronological order in a single subset simulation run. The implementation of the DBN approach is much more demanding than the implementation of the NRA approach but it has two main advantages. Firstly, the graphical format of the DBN facilitates the presentation of the model and the underlying assumptions to stakeholders who are not experts in reliability analysis. Secondly, it can be combined with exact inference algorithms. In this case, its efficiency neither depends on the number of inspection and monitoring outcomes, nor on the value of the event probabilities to be calculated. However, in contrast to the NRA approach with subset simulation, the DBN approach with exact inference imposes restrictions on the number of random variables and the dependence structure that can be implemented in the model. T3 - BAM Dissertationsreihe - 168 KW - Reliability KW - Structural systems KW - Deterioration KW - Bayesian analysis KW - Inspection KW - Monitoring KW - Zuverlässigkeit KW - Tragstrukturen KW - Schädigungsprozesse KW - Bayes'sche Analyse KW - Inspektion KW - Monitoring PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-512977 SN - 1613-4249 VL - 168 SP - 1 EP - 188 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-51297 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kinne, Marko A1 - Thöns, Sebastian T1 - Fatigue Reliability Based on Predicted Posterior Stress Ranges Determined from Strain Measurements of Wind Turbine Support Structures N2 - In the present paper, an approach for updating the continuous stress range distribution of a welded connection of a wind turbine support structure with predicted information from strain measurements is presented. Environmental conditions, such as wind or, in offshore fields, waves and currents, in combination with rotor excitations generate cyclic stresses affecting the reliability of welded joints of the support structure over the service life. Using strain measurements, these conditions can be monitored, and the resulting stress ranges, under consideration of measurement, mechanical and material uncertainties, can be reconstructed. These stress ranges can be used as an input for updating the prior probability density function (PDF) of the stress ranges predicted by the overall dynamics and a detailed design analysis. Applying Bayesian probability theory and decision theoretical implications, the predicted posterior probability density of the stress ranges is calculated based on the design information and uncertainties. This approach is exemplified, and it is shown how the predicted stress ranges and the design stress ranges are distributed. The prior and the predicted posterior stress ranges are used for a reliability calculation for potentially entering a pre-posterior decision analysis KW - Strain measurements of wind turbine support structures KW - Bayesian updating of stress ranges KW - Posterior fatigue reliability PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-572663 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052225 VL - 16 IS - 5 SP - 1 EP - 26 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-57266 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kinne, Marko A1 - Farhan, Muhammad A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Thöns, Sebastian T1 - Influence of the structural integrity management on the levelized cost of energy of offshore wind: a parametric sensitivity analysis N2 - The levelized cost of energy (LCoE) is an important measure to quantify the macro-economic efficiency of an offshore wind farm and to enable a quantitative comparison with other types of energy production. The costs of the structural integrity management - which is required to ensure an adequate lifetime reliability of the turbine support structures - are part of the operational expenditures of an offshore wind farm. An optimization of the structural integrity management may reduce the operational expenditures and consequently the LCoE. However, the effect of the structural integrity management on the LCoE is hardly known. To investigate this effect, this paper presents a sensitivity analysis of the LCoE of a generic offshore wind farm. The probabilistic models of the parameters influencing the LCoE are based on a literature study including an explicit model for the structural integrity management. The analysis reveals that LCoE may potentially be reduced if an optimization of the structural integrity management enables a service life extension. T2 - International Probabilistic Workshop 2022 CY - Stellenbosch, South Africa DA - 08.09.2022 KW - Structural integrity management KW - Levelized cost of energy KW - Sensitivity analysis PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-572724 DO - https://doi.org/10.14311/APP.2022.36.0090 VL - 36 SP - 90 EP - 98 PB - Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings AN - OPUS4-57272 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sauermoser-Yri, M. A1 - Veldurthi, N. A1 - Wölfle, C. H. A1 - Svartvatn, P. J. A1 - Flo Hoem, S. O. A1 - Lid, M. J. A1 - Bock, Robert A1 - Palko, J. A1 - Torgersen, J. T1 - On the porosity-dependent permeability and conductivity of triply periodic minimal surface based porous media N2 - With the fast development in the field of additive manufacturing, triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) based porous media have recently found many uses in mechanical property tuning. However, there is still a lack of understanding in their porosity-dependent permeability and electrical as well as thermal conductivity. Here, we perform finite volume simulations on the solid and void domains of the Schoen gyroid (SG), Schwarz primitive (SP) and Schwarz primitive beam (SPB) TPMS with porosities between 63% and 88% in Ansys Fluent. A simple cubic lattice (CL) of equivalent porosity served as reference. The SPB and CL showed up to one order of magnitude higher permeabilities than the SG and SP. However, SG and SP have about 1.3 and 2.6 times the electrical and thermal conductivity of SPB and CL, respectively. Furthermore, the properties of SPB and CL are largely affected by the surface area density, whereas tortuosity variation does not impact permeability and conductivity to a major extent. Finally, empirical relations are adapted to describe the presented data and thus, they may enable future designers of TPMS based porous structures to fine-tune the geometries according to the requirements on permeability and electrical as well as thermal conductivity. KW - Metals and Alloys KW - Surfaces, Coatings and Films KW - Biomaterials KW - Ceramics and Composites PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-585250 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.09.242 SN - 2238-7854 VL - 27 SP - 585 EP - 599 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-58525 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bock, Robert A1 - Mair, Georg W. A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - Melzer, Michael A1 - Klaus, Christian A1 - Nattuveettil, Keerthana A1 - Engel, Thomas A1 - Prager, Jens T1 - Eine digitale QI für technische Anlagen: Beispiel Wasserstofftankstelle (H2) N2 - Mit der Initiative QI-Digital werden völlig neue Perspektiven für das Sicherheitsmanagement und die Qualitätssicherung technischer Anlagen erschaffen. Unsere Forschung im Kontext einer Wasserstofftankstelle zeigt, wie digitale Innovationen und Verfahren die Herausforderungen effizienter und verlässlicher Qualitätssicherung für komplexe Anlagen bewältigen können. In diesem Vortrag werden Potentiale und Beispiele der digitalen QI für technische Anlagen demonstriert und diskutiert: Moderne Anlagenüberwachung mit digitalen Zwillingen und KI sowie Kalibriermanagement mithilfe digitaler Kalibrierscheine und elektronischem Siegel. T2 - 2. QI Digital Forum CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 10.10.2023 KW - Wasserstoff KW - Sensorik KW - Qualitätsinfrastruktur KW - Digitalisierung KW - Druckspeicher KW - Verwaltungsschale PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58599 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bock, Robert T1 - Pilotprojekt Wasserstofftankstelle - Session 2: Verlässliche Wassertofftankstellen N2 - Was ist QI? Qualitätsinfrastruktur – Das Zusammenwirken von nationalen Institutionen im Bereich der Metrologie, Normung und Standardisierung, Akkreditierung, Konformitätsbewertung und Marktüberwachung, mit dem Ziel die Qualitätssicherung bei Produkten und Prozessen in Deutschland zu gewährleisten. Unser Ziel ist es, unsere bewährte Qualitätsinfrastruktur (QI) noch besser zu machen und so einen Beitrag zur Lösung von sozioökonomischen, ökologischen und technologischen Herausforderungen unserer Zeit zu leisten. Eine der bedeutendsten technologischen Herausforderungen unserer Zeit ist die Digitalisierung. Die zentralen Akteure der deutschen QI wollen diese digitalisieren. Beteiligte Institutionen sind aktuell BAM (Konformitätsbewertungen in bestimmten Bereichen), DAKKS (Akkreditierung), DIN/DKE (Normung), PTB (Metrologie). Wir wollen also ein Reallabor errichten, das die Wertschöpfungskette einer Tankstelle abbildet, also eine Wasserstofftankstelle beinhaltet, die dann mit erweiterter Sensorik ausgestattet werden soll. Somit sollen digitale Prozesse abgebildet werden können sowie sensorgestützte Verfahren zur qualitätsgesicherten Datenerfassung und -auswertung genutzt werden. Diese gesammelten Daten sollen dann in eine Dateninfrastruktur eingehen und mithilfe eines Datenmanagementsystems sowie künstlicher Intelligenz in einem Digitalen Zwilling zusammenlaufen, der die digitale Prozessüberwachung der Sicherheit möglich macht. Schließlich sollen die in QI Digital entwickelten digitalen Strukturelemente der QI erprobt werden, insbesondere die QI Cloud, Smart Standards und digitalen Zertifikate. Im Zusammenspiel ermöglicht das unter anderem die Entwicklung von Predictive Maintenance Verfahren für: 1. die Optimierung von Wartungszyklen und Minimierung von Ausfallzeiten Erhöhung der Betriebssicherheit durch frühzeitige Identifikation kritischer Zustände im Gesamtsystem 2. Entwicklung verlässlicher Qualitäts- und Sicherheitsstandards  3. Digital-gestützte Risikobeurteilung und Konformitätsbewertung Die im Pilotprojekte betrachteten Sicherheitsaspekte sind also zusammenfassbar als: a) Auswirkungsbetrachtungen bei möglichen Fehlfunktionen oder Defekten b) Die genannte vorrauschauende Instandhaltung und damit verbundene Lebensdauerprognose, die in Kombination eine bessere allgemeine Verfügbarkeit garantieren sollen Als Grundlage hierfür benötigen wir aber Änderungen im Bereich der technischen Regeln und Normen, um die neuen digitalen Werkzeuge zuzulassen und nutzbar zu machen. T2 - QI Forum 2022 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.10.2022 KW - Wasserstoff KW - Qualitätsinfrastruktur KW - Digitalisierung PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-61356 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Orellana Pérez, Teresa T1 - QI Digital Use Case Hydrogen Refueling Station N2 - BAM is part of the “Quality Infrastructure Digital” (QI Digital) initiative of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK). This initiative aims at coordinating a large cooperation project, “QI Digital” for making German and European quality management systems fit for the digital transformation. It is a fact that the digitization of new products and services is occurring much faster than quality management systems can be accordingly updated. Thus, the digital transformation of quality management is necessary to preserve the competitiveness of the German and European industries that stand for quality and safety in the global market. The Use Case “Reliable Hydrogen Refueling Station” of QI Digital aims at creating new solutions that are transferable to other technical systems and at further developing standards and technical rules as a contribution to technology transfer and innovation. T2 - 4th German-Korean Hydrogen Conference CY - Seoul, Republic of Korea DA - 31.10.2023 KW - Hydrogen refueling station KW - Digital quality infrastructure PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59303 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bock, Robert A1 - Mair, Georg W. T1 - Pilotprojekt "Verlässliche Wasserstofftechnologie" - Beispielanwendung für eine technische Anlage N2 - Kurzvorstellung des Pilotprojektes Verlässliche Wasserstofftechnologie in QI Digital. Anwendung der QI Digital Werkzeuge an einer technischen Anlage beispielhaft gezeigt anhand von sechs im Projekt entwickelten Demonstratoren. Unser erklärtes Ziel ist die Unterstützung des Markthochlaufs von Wasserstofftechnologien durch Digitalisierung der QI. Bei der Qualitätsinfrastruktur von technischen Anlagen geht es vor allem die Themen QI Dokumentation und Zugänglichkeit, Verfügbarkeit der Anlage und Informationen darüber, sowie Inspektionszyklen mit zeitaufwändigen und teuren manuellen Prüfungen. Mit dem Übergang zu einer digitalen QI streben wir hier an, eine kontinuierliche Überwachung des momentanen Gesundheitszustandes der Anlage und automatisierter Dokumentation hierüber, die fälschungssicher und vertraulich zugänglich gemacht werden kann, zu erreichen. Hierzu sollen die im Gesamtprojekt entwickelten QI Digital Werkzeuge zum Einsatz kommen. T2 - QI Forum 2024 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 09.10.2024 KW - Wasserstoff KW - Qualitätsinfrastruktur KW - Digitalisierung PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61354 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kehr, Torsten T1 - Project QI-Digital - Quo vadis Use Case H2 Refueling Station? N2 - As a part of the QI-Digital cooperation project, BAM is setting up a hydrogen refuelling station research platform at the Test site for Technical Safety in Horstwalde. Based on this platform, BAM intends to develop, to test and to optimize new measurement techniques as well as data acquisition and processing methods for hydrogen refuelling stations and their periphery in close cooperation with partners from the quality infrastructure and industry. The presentation will introduce the hydrogen refuelling station use case and provide insights into the issues and research goals of the associated subprojects. T2 - H2-Colloquium of the Competence Centre „H2SAFETY@BAM” CY - Online meeting DA - 16.02.2022 KW - Hydrogen KW - Safety KW - QI-Digital PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54361 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg W. T1 - Aspekte einer digitalen Lebenslaufakte (Impulsvortrag) N2 - Durch Einsatz neuer Technologien im Transport von komprimiertem Wasserstoff konnte eine Verdreifachung des Nutzlastverhältnisses erreicht werden. Diese neuen Speicher auf den Transportfahrzeugen müssten aber anders auf ihre Sicherheit überprüft werden, als dies heute gefordert wird. Mit dem Markthochlauf Wasserstoff vervielfacht sich zudem die Anzahl der Transporteinheiten. Da sich im Zuge der neuen H2-Transportfahrzeuge aber auch die Anzahl der einzelnen Speicher pro Fahrzeug etwa verzwanzigfacht hat, kommen die Kapazitäten für die erforderliche wiederkehrende Prüfung an ihre Grenzen. Dies könnte evtl. durch eine entsprechende Erhöhung der Prüfkapazitäten gelöst werden. Da dies aber weder praktisch machbar ist noch technisch wirklich sinnvoll, müssen alternative Ansätze z.B. durch digital erfasste zerstörungsfreie Prüfkonzepte gesucht werden. Hierzu bedarf es aber einer Lebenslaufakte, die beginnend von der Definition einer Bauweise über die Baumusterprüfung, Zulassung, Herstellung, erstmalige Prüfung, Verwendung und wiederkehrenden oder begleitenden Prüfungen bis zum Verschrotten alle Daten erfassen und verwalten kann. Eine solche Lebenslaufakte könnte auch als eine Art digitaler Produktpass (DPP) verstanden werden. T2 - QI-digital Forum 2023 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 10.10.2023 KW - Wasserstoffspeicher KW - Lebenslaufakte KW - Digitaler Produktpass DPP KW - Wiederkehrende Prüfung KW - Lebensdauerüberwachung PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58559 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -