TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Jan Peter A1 - Dell'Avvocato, G. A1 - Krankenhagen, Rainer T1 - Assessing overload-induced delaminations in glass fiber reinforced polymers by its geometry and thermal resistance N2 - The one-dimensional thermal quadrupole method is used to evaluate a pulsed thermography measurement at delaminations in a glass-fiber reinforced plastic plate quantitatively. The large-scale delaminations have been induced by tension overload and are air-filled and are usually located at the same depth as the notch bottom of a notch on the rear side. While classical evaluation methods like pulsed phase thermography and thermal Signal reconstruction are focused on the delamination depth only, the thermal quadrupole method determines spatially resolved two parameters for delaminations, delamination depth and local thermal resistance. Interestingly, lateral heat flows do not disturb this kind of depth evaluation. KW - Pulsed thermography KW - Delamination KW - Debond KW - Composite materials PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2020.102309 VL - 116 SP - 102309 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-50937 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Retaining Competence for Safe Transports of Radioactive Material N2 - The nuclear phase out in Germany will lead to a challenge finding skilled staff for all areas in nuclear business. Transport of spent fuel and high-level nuclear waste is an ongoing task over the next decades during the decommissioning of nuclear power plants and after the interim storage. The international regulations were adapted and address the issue of transports after storage now. The topic of aging and assessment of the development of the state-of-art technology are in focus. German research funds are supporting the investigations of future challenges of transport and storage of the nuclear heritage. BAM is involved and works on several topics related to the aging issue of packages. The behaviour of spent fuel claddings, long-term behaviour of metal and elastomeric gaskets and sensor/monitoring techniques of waste disposal are examples of research fields. T2 - 7th Nuclear Decommissioning & Waste Management Summit 2020 CY - London, UK DA - 12.02.2020 KW - Aging management KW - Transport KW - Spent fuel behaviour KW - Disposal PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50987 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Palkowski, Carsten T1 - Dynamic Test Method - an Update N2 - An update about the dynamic test method for the determination of the seasonal performance of heat pumps given at the CEN/TC 113/WG 7 meeting. T2 - Meeting of CEN/TC 113/WG 7 CY - Courbevoie, France DA - 14.01.2020 KW - Heat pump KW - Dynamic test method KW - Seasonal performance KW - Coefficient of performance PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50579 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Florian, Camilo A1 - Wonneberger, R. A1 - Undisz, A. A1 - Kirner, Sabrina V. A1 - Wasmuth, Karsten A1 - Spaltmann, Dirk A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Chemical effects during the formation of various types of femtosecond laser-generated surface structures on titanium alloy N2 - In this contribution, chemical, structural, and mechanical alterations in various types of femtosecond laser-generated surface structures, i.e., laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS, ripples), Grooves, and Spikes on titanium alloy, are characterized by various surface analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction and glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy. The formation of oxide layers of the different laser-based structures inherently influences the friction and wear performance as demonstrated in oil-lubricated reciprocating sliding tribological tests (RSTTs) along with subsequent elemental mapping by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. It is revealed that the fs-laser scan processing (790 nm, 30 fs, 1 kHz) of near-wavelength-sized LIPSS leads to the formation of a graded oxide layer extending a few hundreds of nanometers into depth, consisting mainly of amorphous oxides. Other superficial fs-laser-generated structures such as periodic Grooves and irregular Spikes produced at higher fluences and effective number of pulses per unit area present even thicker graded oxide layers that are also suitable for friction reduction and wear resistance. Ultimately, these femtosecond laser-induced nanostructured surface layers efficiently prevent a direct metal-to-metal contact in the RSTT and may act as an anchor layer for specific wear-reducing additives contained in the used engine oil. KW - Laser-induced oxide layer KW - Laser-induced periodic surface strctures (LIPSS) KW - Femtosecond laser processing KW - Tribology KW - Surface processing PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-505660 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-3434-7 SN - 0947-8396 SN - 1432-0630 VL - 126 IS - 4 SP - 266 PB - Springer Nature Switzerland AG AN - OPUS4-50566 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Akkerman, Floris T1 - Ökodesign und Energielabel: Entwicklung, geltendes Recht und Ausblick N2 - Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung der Anforderungen, die geltenden und kommenden Regeln für Produkte unter den beiden Rechtsinstrumenten und berührt die Frage, was in Zukunft den Schwerpunkt der Rechtssetzung darstellen wird T2 - Jahrestagung 2020 FA Haushaltstechnik der dgh CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 06.02.2020 KW - Ökodesign KW - Energieverbrauchskennzeichnung KW - Energieeffizienz KW - Ressourceneffizienz KW - EU-Recht PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50355 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hu, W.-H A1 - Tang, D.-H. A1 - Wang, M. A1 - Liu, J.-L. A1 - Li, Z.-H. A1 - Lu, W. A1 - Teng, J. A1 - Said, Samir A1 - Rohrmann, R. G. T1 - Resonance Monitoring of a Horizontal Wind Turbine by Strain-Based Automated Operational Modal Analysis N2 - A strain-based automated operational modal analysis algorithm is proposed to track the long-term dynamic behavior of a horizontal wind turbine under operational conditions. This algorithm is firstly validated by a scaled wind turbine model, and then it is applied to the dynamic strain responses recorded from a 5 MW wind turbine system. We observed variations in the fundamental frequency and 1f, 3f excitation frequencies due to the mass imbalance of the blades and aerodynamic excitation by the tower dam or tower wake. Inspection of the Campbell diagram revealed that the adverse resonance phenomenon and Sommerfeld effect causing excessive vibrations of the wind tower. KW - Strain KW - Automated operational modal analysis KW - Resonance KW - Horizontal wind turbine PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-503350 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/en13030579 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 579 EP - 584 PB - MDPI CY - Schweiz, Basel AN - OPUS4-50335 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - The role of scattering in the formation of laserinduced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) N2 - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are a universal phenomenon that is accompanying laser materials processing. These surface nanostructures pave a simple way for surface functionalization with numerous applications in optics, fluidics, tribology, medicine, etc. This contribution reviews the current view on the role of electromagnetic scattering in the formation of LIPSS. T2 - Workshop on Theoretical and Numerical Tools for Nanophotonics (TNTN 2020) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.02.2020 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS KW - Electromagnetic scattering KW - Finite-difference time-domain calculations PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50399 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Florian, Camilo T1 - Femtosecond laser nanostructuring of metal and semiconductor surfaces N2 - The irradiation of solids with high-intensity laser pulses can excite materials into extreme conditions, which then return to equilibrium via various structural and topographical relaxation mechanisms. Thus, ultrafast laser processing can manifest in various morphological surface transformations, ranging from direct contour shaping to large-area-surface functionalization through the generation of self-organized nano- and microstructures. The interaction mechanisms between semiconductors and metals with ultrashort laser pulses have been extensively studied using femtosecond laser sources, generating a general understanding of the main interaction mechanisms present during the processing of those materials. In the specific case of nanometer-scaled laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), however, the general explanation that fits all the experimental outcomes is still to be completed. The most accepted explanation consists in the interference of the incoming laser pulse with light scattered at the rough surface, e.g. via surface plasmon polaritons. Such scattering and interference effects generate a spatially modulated pattern of the absorbed optical energy featuring maxima and minima with periods very close to the laser irradiation wavelength, λ. One general criterion that allows to classify LIPSS in terms of their spatial periodicity (Λ) for normally incident radiation is the following: low spatial frequency for Λ≈λ, and high spatial frequency for Λ≪λ. In this way, the right combination of irradiation parameters (laser fluence, number of pulses per spot area unit and repetition rate) could be used to cover a wide size range that can ultimately be exploited for different applications in optics, biology, fluidics and tribology among others. T2 - SPIE Photonics West Conference, Symposium "Synthesis and Photonics of Nanoscale Materials XVII" CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 01.02.2020 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Femtosecond laser ablation KW - Metal KW - Semiconductor PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50388 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Florian, Camilo T1 - Femtosecond laser functionalized surfaces inspired by nature N2 - Nature has continuously inspired science when practical problems need to be solved in a functional and efficient way. The challenge for researchers usually consists in the transfer of such biological functionalities to diverse types of technical materials with the available processing technologies. In this regard, femtosecond laser-based approaches offer a large flexibility to modify virtually any material (metals, semiconductors and dielectrics), provide the ability to work under different environment conditions (air, vacuum or reactive atmospheres) and when combined with the proper optics, they offer exceptional spatial resolutions that could be used to mimic effectively very complex functionalities. In the particular case of surface processing, lasers have been proven feasible to functionalize materials by customizing its optical properties, chemical composition and surface morphology in a controllable way and in some cases at industrially relevant speeds. In this work, we present a selection of technical applications based on surface modifications in the form of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) to tailor the material properties for utilization in optics, fluid transport, wetting control and tribology. T2 - SPIE Photonics West Conference, Symposium "Laser-Based Micro- and Nano-Processing XIV" CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 01.02.2020 KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS KW - Biomimetics KW - Surface functionalization KW - Laser ablation PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50400 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Florian, Camilo A1 - Kirner, Sabrina V. A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Surface functionalization by laser-induced periodic surface structures N2 - In recent years, the improved understanding of the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) has led to an emerging variety of applications that modify the optical, mechanical, and chemical properties of many materials. Such structures strongly depend on the laser beam polarization and are formed usually after irradiation with ultrashort linearly polarized laser pulses. The most accepted explanation for the origin of the structures is based on the interference of the incident laser radiation with electromagnetic surface waves that propagate or scatter at the surface of the irradiated materials. This leads to an intensity modulation that is finally responsible for the selective ablation in the form of parallel structures with periods ranging from hundreds of nanometers up to some micrometers. The versatility when forming such structures is based on the high reproducibility with different wavelengths, pulse durations and repetition rate laser sources, customized micro- and nanometric spatial resolutions, and compatibility with industrially relevant processing speeds when combined with fast scanning devices. In this contribution, we review the latest applications in the rapidly emerging field of surface functionalization through LIPSS, including biomimetic functionalities on fluid transport, control of the wetting properties, specific optical responses in technical materials, improvement of tribological performance on metallic surfaces, and bacterial and cell growth for medical devices, among many others. KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Laser processing KW - Surface functionalization KW - Applications PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0000103 SN - 1938-1387 VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 022063 PB - Laser Institute of America AN - OPUS4-50780 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Perk, M. A1 - Großwig, S. A1 - Pfeiffer, T. A1 - Rembe, M. A1 - den Hartogh, M. A1 - Weege, S. A1 - Krebber, Katerina A1 - Dijk, H. L. T1 - Faseroptische Leckage-Ortung zum Nachweis von Undichtheiten in Bohrlochkomplettierungen N2 - Im Rahmen der Integritätsbe­wertung einer zementierten 13 3/8" Rohrtour einer Sole-Produktionsbohrung wurden erstmals 2018 zeitgleich faserop­tische Temperaturmessungen (DTS) und faseroptische Akustikmessungen (DAS) durchgeführt und ausgewertet. Dazu wurde die Bohrung zeitweise mit Stick­stoff bespannt und wieder entlastet. T2 - DGMK/ÖGEW-Frühjahrstagung 2020 CY - Celle, Germany DA - 15.​04.​2020 KW - Kavernenspeicher KW - Verteilte faseroptische akustische Sensorik KW - Wasserstoffspeicher PY - 2020 N1 - Die DGMK/ÖGEW Frühjahrstagung 2020 wurde abgesagt, der Tagungsband aber trotzdem veröffentlicht. - The DGMK/ÖGEW Frühjahrstagung 2020 was cancelled, the proceedings were published nevertheless. VL - 136 IS - 4 SP - 25 EP - 26 PB - DVV Media Group CY - Hamburg AN - OPUS4-50783 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Palkowski, Carsten T1 - Test methods for air conditioners N2 - Comparison of test methods for air conditioners that are currently discussed in standardization. The limitations of the current standard are shown and different options for the further development of the standard are presented T2 - Arbeitsgruppensitzung des Fachverbands Gebäude-Klima CY - Online meeting DA - 28.05.2020 KW - air conditioner KW - test method KW - Load-based testing KW - energy label PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50829 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ghafafian, Carineh T1 - Localized repairs for wind turbine rotor blades N2 - The effect of localized repairs on the structural integrity and thus the lifespan of wind turbine rotor blade shells is examined. T2 - SAMPE Symposium 2020 CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 17.02.2020 KW - GFRP KW - Wind turbine blade shells KW - Scarf joint repairs KW - Sandwich PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50480 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönfelder, Thorsten T1 - Kerntechnische Entsorgung Herausforderungen im Transport und bei der Lagerung N2 - Nach der Reaktorkatastrophe in Fukushima 2011 hat die Bundesregierung beschlossen die Nutzung der Kernenergie bis zum Jahr 2022 zu beenden. Seitdem erfolgt der Rückbau und die Stilllegung der kerntechnischen Anlagen in Deutschland. Dieser Vortrag erörtert die Herausforderungen, die sich mit dem Transport und der Lagerung von Kernbrennstoffen ergeben und leitet daraus Anforderungen ab, die an Transportbehälter gestellt werden. T2 - Ausgewählte Kapitel der Werkstofftechnik - Brand- und Explosionsverhalten von Werkstoffen CY - Wuppertal, Germany DA - 24.01.2020 KW - Kerntechnische Entsorgung KW - Rückbau KW - Transport- und Lagerbehälter PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50428 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Florian, Camilo A1 - Déziel, J.-L. A1 - Kirner, Sabrina V. A1 - Siegel, J. A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - The role of the laser-induced oxide layer in the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures N2 - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are often present when processing solid targets with linearly polarized ultrashort laser pulses. The different irradiation parameters to produce them on metals, semiconductors and dielectrics have been studied extensively, identifying suitable regimes to tailor its properties for applications in the fields of optics, medicine, fluidics and tribology, to name a few. One important parameter widely present when exposing the samples to the high intensities provided by these laser pulses in air environment, that generally is not considered, is the formation of a superficial laser-induced oxide layer. In this paper, we fabricate LIPSS on a layer of the oxidation prone hard-coating material chromium nitride in order to investigate the impact of the laser-induced oxide layer on its formation. A variety of complementary surface analytic techniques were employed, revealing morphological, chemical and structural characteristics of well-known high-spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL) together with a new type of low-spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL) with an anomalous orientation parallel to the laser polarization. Based on this input, we performed finite-difference time-domain calculations considering a layered system resembling the geometry of the HSFL along with the presence of a laser-induced oxide layer. The simulations support a scenario that the new type of LSFL is formed at the interface between the laser-induced oxide layer and the non-altered material underneath. These findings suggest that LSFL structures parallel to the polarization can be easily induced in materials that are prone to oxidation. KW - Laser-induced oxide layer KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Surface chemistry KW - Femtosecond laser processing KW - Nanostructuring PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-502530 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10010147 SN - 2079-4991 VL - 10(1) IS - Special issue "Laser-generated periodic nanostructures" SP - 147-1 EP - 147-18 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-50253 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cubero, A. A1 - Martínez, E. A1 - Angurel, L.A. A1 - de la Fuente, G.F. A1 - Navarro, R. A1 - Legall, Herbert A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Effects of laser-induced periodic surface structures on the superconducting properties of Niobium N2 - It is well known that the use of ultrashort (fs) pulsed lasers can induce the generation of (quasi-) periodic nanostructures (LIPSS, ripples) on the surface of many materials. Such nanostructures have also been observed in sample’s surfaces irradiated with UV lasers with a pulse duration of 300 ps. In this work, we compare the characteristics of these nanostructures on 1-mm and on 25-μm thick niobium sheets induced by 30 fs n-IR and 300 ps UV pulsed lasers. In addition to conventional continuous or burst mode processing configurations, two-dimensional laser beam and line scanning modes have been investigated in this work. The latter allows the processing of large areas with a more uniform distribution of nanostructures at the surface. The influence of the generated nanostructures on the superconducting properties of niobium has also been explored. For this aim, magnetic hysteresis loops have been measured at different cryogenic temperatures to analyse how these laser treatments affect the flux pinning behaviour and, in consequence, the superconductor’s critical current values. It was observed that laser treatments are able to modify the superconducting properties of niobium samples. T2 - E-MRS Spring Meeting 2019 CY - Nice, France DA - 27.05.2019 KW - Superconductivity KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Niobium PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-502541 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.145140 SN - 0169-4332 SN - 1873-5584 VL - 508 IS - 1 SP - 145140-1 EP - 145140-7 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-50254 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gleim, Tobias A1 - Chen, Hefeng ED - Kleiber, M. ED - Onate, E. T1 - High-Order Accurate Methods for the Numerical Analysis of a Levitation Device N2 - This paper establishes different axisymmetric and two-dimensional models for a levitation device. Therein, the Maxwell equations are combined with the balance of linear momentum. Different possible formulations to describe the Maxwell equations are presented and compared and discussed in the example. A high order finite element discretization using Galerkin’s method in space and the generalized Newmark−alpha method in time are developed for the electro-magneto-mechanical approach. Several studies on spatial and temporal discretization with respect to convergence will be investigated. In addition, the boundary influences and the domain size with respect to the levitation device are also examined. KW - Maxwell equations KW - Levitation KW - High-Order KW - Accurate-Numerical-Methods KW - Generalized Newmark-alpha PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-020-09427-z SN - 1134-3060 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 1517 EP - 1543 PB - Springer Nature AN - OPUS4-50734 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sachse, René A1 - Bernsmeier, D. A1 - Schmack, R. A1 - Häusler, I. A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Kraffert, K. A1 - Nissen, J. A1 - Kraehnert, R. T1 - Colloidal bimetallic platinum–ruthenium nanoparticles in ordered mesoporous carbon films as highly active electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction N2 - Hydrogen features a very high specific energy density and is therefore a promising candidate for clean fuel from renewable resources. Water electrolysis can convert electrical energy into storable and transportable hydrogen gas. Under acidic conditions, platinum is the most active and stable monometallic catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Yet, platinum is rare and needs to be used efficiently. Here, we report a synthesis concept for colloidal bimetallic platinum–ruthenium and rhodium–ruthenium nanoparticles (PtRuNP, RhRuNP) and their incorporation into ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) films. The films exhibit high surface area, good electrical conductivity and well-dispersed nanoparticles inside the mesopores. The nanoparticles retain their size, crystallinity and composition during carbonization. In the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), PtRuNP/OMC catalyst films show up to five times higher activity per Pt than Pt/C/Nafion® and PtRu/C/Nafion® reference catalysts. KW - Ordered mesoporous carbon KW - Bimetallic noble metal nanoparticles KW - Platinum-ruthenium colloid KW - Electrolysis KW - Hydrogen evolution reaction PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-506868 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/C9CY02285F SN - 2044-4753 VL - 10 IS - 7 SP - 2057 EP - 2068 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-50686 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Palkowski, Carsten T1 - Test methods for heat pumps N2 - Comparison of different test methods for the determination of the seasonal performance of heat pumps: 1) The current test standard EN14825, 2) the compensation test method and 3) the dynamic test method. T2 - Impact Assessment / Consultation Space and Water Heaters WG2 Testing CY - Online meeting DA - 02.04.2020 KW - Heat pump KW - Energy label KW - Seasonal performance KW - Compensation method KW - Dynamic method PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50713 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Palkowski, Carsten T1 - Technical Meeting BAM RRT for Heat Pumps N2 - Kickoff meeting for the BAM round robin test for load-based heat pump testing T2 - Kickoff meeting BAM RRT for heat pumps CY - Online meeting DA - 26.03.2020 KW - Heat pump KW - Round robin test KW - Load-based testing KW - Compensation method KW - Energy efficiency PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50715 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Palkowski, Carsten T1 - Technical Meeting BAM RRT for Air Conditioner N2 - Kickoff meeting for the BAM round robin test for load-based air conditioner testing. T2 - Kickoff meeting BAM RRT for air conditioner CY - Online meeting DA - 26.03.2020 KW - Air conditioner KW - Round robin test KW - Load-based testing KW - Compensation method KW - Energy efficiency PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50716 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Knieschewski, Arno T1 - Energy efficiency rating of cooking fume extractors based on captured and filtered oil mist N2 - The energy efficiency rating on the European Union energy label for cooking fume extractors is based on measurements of the flow rate and static pressure difference within the duct behind the cooking fume extractor according to standard EN 61591:1997/A12:2015 and regulation (EU) No 65/2014. These measurements do not enable a definite conclusion about the cooking fume extractor’s air purification performance.Measurements which evaluate the air purification performance directly would be more valuable for consumers. In this thesis, a test method was developed that enables the energy efficiency rating of cooking fume extractors based on a direct measurement of the air purification by measuring the captured and filtered oil mist. The test method also enables the rating of cooking fume extractors that operate in recirculation mode, which is not possible using the current standard EN 61591:1997/A12:2015. The performance rating based on removed oil mist requires a reproducible generation of oil mist. Furthermore, the generated oil mist should resemble the oil mist from common cooking scenarios to give meaningful performance ratings. The oil mist from the grease absorption test according to standard EN 61591:1997/A12:2015 was taken as a reference oil mist for common cooking scenarios. A round robin test revealed that the oil mist generation with the grease absorption test from the standard is not reproducible enough for performance tests. The oil mist generation with atomizer nozzles was found more suitable for the reproducible generation of an oil mist. Two different atomizers were analyzed by measuring the properties of generated oil mist and by applying them in performance tests on cooking fume extractors. One “mantled atomizer” was bought from the market and one “open atomizer” was developed specifically for the test of cooking fume extractors. It was found that an oil mist with similar properties compared to the reference oil mist can be generated with the design of the open atomizer. The proposed test method using the open atomizer led to a better repeatability compared to the grease absorption tests according to the current standard and has the potential to improve the reproducibility. The results suggest that the proposed test method could be used for standardized testing which would enable more meaningful energy efficiency ratings and the rating of cooking fume extractors that operate in recirculation mode. N2 - Die Energieverbrauchskennzeichnung der Europäischen Union von Dunstabzugshauben basiert auf den Messungen des Volumenstroms und der statischen Druckdifferenz im Abluftrohr hinter der Dunstabzugshaube gemäß der Norm EN 61591:1997/A12:2015 und Verordnung (EU) No 65/2014. Diese Messungen erlauben keine eindeutigen Rückschlüsse auf die Luftreinigungsfunktion der Dunstabzugshaube. Eine Energieeffizienzbewertung, welche auf Messungen beruht, die die Luftreinigungsfunktion direkt messen, hätte einen größeren Nutzen für die Verbraucher. In dieser Arbeit wird eine Prüfmethode vorgestellt, welche die Energieeffizienzbewertung von Dunstabzugshauben durch eine direkte Messung der Luftreinigungsfunktion ermöglicht, indem die Masse eines eingefangenen und gefilterten Ölnebels ausgewertet wird. The Prüfmethode erlaubt außerdem die Bewertung von Umlufthauben, was mit der jetzigen Prüfnorm EN 61591:1997/A12:2015 nicht möglich ist. Die Leistungsbewertung bezogen auf entfernte Öltropfen benötigt eine reproduzierbare Ölnebelproduktion. Des Weiteren soll der produzierte Ölnebel dem Ölnebel von typischen Kochvorgängen ähneln, um eine aussagekräftige Energieverbrauchskennzeichnung zu ermöglichen. Der Ölnebel vom Fettabscheidegradtest der Norm EN 61591:1997/A12:2015 wurde als Referenz für typische Kochvorgänge genommen. Ein Ringversuch hat ergeben, dass die Ölnebelproduktion vom Fettabscheidegradtest nicht reproduzierbar genug ist, um die Leistung von Dunstabzugshauben zu bewerten. Eine zuverlässigere Ölnebelproduktion konnte mit Zerstäuberdüsen erreicht werden. Zwei verschiedene Zerstäuber wurden analysiert, indem der produzierte Ölnebel vermessen wurde und die Zerstäuber in Leistungsprüfungen von Dunstabzugshauben eingesetzt wurden. Ein „verhüllter Zerstäuber“ wurde gekauft und ein „offener Zerstäuber“ wurde speziell für den Test von Dunstabzugshauben entwickelt. Der offene Zerstäuber konnte einen Ölnebel erzeugen, welcher ähnliche Eigenschaften hatte wie der Referenzölnebel. Die vorgeschlagene Prüfmethode zeigte mit dem offenen Zerstäuber eine bessere Wiederholbarkeit als der Fettabscheidegradtest der derzeitigen Prüfnorm. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die vorgeschlagene Prüfmethode als Prüfnorm genutzt werden könnte, um die Aussagekraft der Energieverbrauchskennzeichnung zu erhöhen und die Bewertung von Umlufthauben zu ermöglichen. KW - Energy label KW - Cooking fume extractor KW - Range hood KW - Oil mist KW - Removal efficiency PY - 2020 SN - 978-3-8440-7498-7 SP - 1 EP - 132 PB - Shaker Verlag CY - Düren, Deutschland AN - OPUS4-51087 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Sicherheitstechnische Eigenschaften von Erdgas-Wasserstoff-Gemischen - Auswirkungen auf den Explosionsschutz N2 - Im Beitrag werden die sicherheitstechnischen Eigenschaften von Wasserstoff diskutiert. Die Einspeisung von Wasserstoff ins Erdgasnetz wird im Hinblick auf mögliche Gefahren im Explosionsschutz durch die Veränderung von sicherheitstechnischen Kenngrößen unter Prozessbedingungen betrachtet. T2 - DVGW-Seminar "Gasinfrastruktur für Erdgas-H2-Gemische" CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 03.09.2020 KW - Wasserstoff KW - Explosionsschutz KW - Sicherheitstechnische Eigenschaften KW - Erdgasinfrastruktur PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51288 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Scheidemann, Robert A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Mechanical and thermal assessment by BAM of a new package design for the transport of SNF from a german research reactor N2 - For disposal of the research reactor of the Technical University Munich FRM II a new transport and storage cask design was under approval assessment by the German authorities on the basis of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) requirements. The cask body is made of ductile cast iron and closed by two bolted lid systems with metal seals. The material of the lids is stainless steel. On each end of the cask the wood-filled impact limiters are installed to reduce impact loads to the cask under drop test conditions. In the cavity of the cask a basket for five spent fuel elements is arranged. This design has been assessed by the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) in view to the mechanical and thermal safety analyses, the activity release approaches, and subjects of quality assurance and surveillance for manufacturing and operation of the package. For the mechanical safety analyses of the package a combination of experimental testing and analytical/numerical calculations were applied. In total, four drop tests were carried out at the BAM large drop test facility. Two tests were carried out as a full IAEA drop test sequence consisting of a 9m drop test onto an unyielding target and a 1m puncture bar drop test. The other two drop tests were performed as single 9m drop tests and completed by additional analyses for considering the effects of an IAEA drop test sequence. The main objectives of the drop tests were the investigation of the integrity of the package and its safety against release of radioactive material as well as the test of the fastening system of the impact limiters. Furthermore, the acceleration and strain signals measured during the tests were used for the verification of finite-element (FE) models applied in the safety analysis of the package design. T2 - Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 03.08.2020 KW - Mechanik KW - radioaktives Material KW - Transportbehälter KW - Antragsverfahren KW - Zulassungen KW - Typ-B Versandstück KW - Thermik PY - 2020 VL - 2020 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - ASME CY - New York AN - OPUS4-51103 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hicke, Konstantin T1 - Infrastruktur- und Anlagenmonitoring mit verteilter faseroptischer akustischer Sensorik N2 - Anwendungsfelder von verteilter faseroptischer akustischer Sensorik (DAS) werden anhand von früheren, gegenwärtigen und zukünftigen Projekten an der BAM vorgestellt und die Leistungsfähigkeit von DAS demonstriert. Die dargestellten Anwendungen sind Monitoring von Rohrleitungen, von Unterseekabeln, von Zügen und Gleisen, von Brücken, von Strassen und Verkehr, von Erdbebenauswirkungen in urbanen Gebieten, von Bohrlöchern im Kontext Erdgasspeicher und für Exploration und Monitoring von Untergründen für Geothermie-Anwendungen. T2 - Sitzung des VDI/VDE-GMA FA 2.17 CY - Online meeting DA - 24.09.2020 KW - Verteilte faseroptische Sensorik KW - Verteilte faseroptische akustische Sensorik KW - DAS KW - Infrastrukturmonitoring KW - Zustandsüberwachung PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51304 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heuser, Lina A1 - Sobek, P. T1 - Sintering of silver-alkali zinc borate glass composites N2 - High conductive silver-glass-metallization-pastes are key components in photovoltaics and advanced microelectronics. However, the underlying mechanisms of liquid phase sintering as silver dissolution, diffusion and reprecipitation are poorly understood so far. In the current work, the influence of different network modifier in alkali-zinc-borate paste-glasses on liquid phase sintering of silver-glass-composites was studied. Therefore, silver-glass-composites containing 30 vol% glass were prepared, using low melting X2O-ZnO-B2O3 glasses with X = Na, Li, and Rb (NZB, LZB, and RZB). Glass transition temperature, viscosity, glass-silver wetting, crystallization and sintering behavior was studied by means of thermal analysis, dilatometry, heating microscopy and microscopy. Similar glass transition temperatures of 450 °C (RZB), 460 °C (LZB) and 465 °C (NZB) were found by means of thermal analysis for glasses under study. Also, all glasses have a similar crystallization onset at about 550 °C, even though exhibiting with a different degree of crystallization. Despite these similarities, however, the sintering behavior, measured in terms of area shrinkage, significantly differs for the composites. This finding indicates a different degree of silver dissolution. Assuming that dissolved silver reduces the viscosity, this effect could explain why glass crystallization starts at lower temperature in the composites. For example, the crystallization peak of LZB at 629 °C measured for pure glass powder compacts was decreased to 586 °C for the composite. Confirmatively, microstructure analyses indicate different degrees of silver dissolution, as e.g. revealed by different amount of silver precipitates within the residual glass phase, and reprecipitation. Best silver dissolution appeared for the RZB glass. Nevertheless, the final densification of RZB was retarded probably due to swelling and crystallization. T2 - XRM Workshop CY - Halle, Germany DA - 03.03.2020 KW - Silver-glass-metallization-paste KW - Sintering KW - Alkali ions PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51243 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tschirschwitz, Rico T1 - BAM-Aktivitäten im Bereich Elektrische Energiespeicher N2 - Der Beitrag stellt die aktuellen, relevanten BAM-Projekte im Bereich der Sicherheit elektrischer Energiespeicher vor. Weiterhin werden derzeitige Kooperationen mit der vfdb präsentiert. T2 - 82. Sitzung Referat 10, Umweltschutz der vfdb (Vereinigung zur Förderung des deutschen Brandschutzes e.V.) CY - Online meeting DA - 04.11.2020 KW - Behälterversagen KW - Fahrzeugbrand KW - Auswirkungsbetrachtung KW - Alternative Antriebe KW - Fragment PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51522 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gräf, T. A1 - Hicke, Konstantin A1 - Heidmann, G. A1 - Kölling, M. A1 - Menge, M. A1 - Vaterrodt, K. T1 - Integrierte lokale und verteilte faseroptische Sensorik zum flächende-ckenden Online-Monitoring von Kabelanlagen und Betriebsmitteln N2 - Faseroptische Sensorsysteme bieten heute die Möglichkeit des Online-Monitorings von sensiblen, für die Energieversorgung wichtigen Betriebsmitteln. Insbesondere Hochenergiekabel, wie diese sowohl im Offshore- als auch im Onshorebereich eingesetzt werden, sind prädestiniert für eine zustandsorientierte Überwachung. Gerade Hochspannungshochenergiekabel sind Betriebsmittel, die im Falle eines Ausfalls durch Schäden mit hohen Reparatur- und Folgekosten verbunden sind. Mit dem Einsatz von faseroptischen Sensoren sind mechanische Einflüsse wie Vibrationen z. B. verursacht durch Ankerfall, Temperaturhotspots oder auch Teilentladungsaktivitäten an dezidierten vulnerablen Stellen wie Kabelendverschlüssen oder –muffen über längere Kabelstrecken detektierbar. Der Einsatz von im Rahmen des Verbundprojekts Monalisa entwickelter faseroptischer Diagnosetechnik in Verbindung mit faseroptischen Sensoren wird hier aufgezeigt. T2 - VDE Fachtagung Hochspannungstechnik CY - Online-Meeting DA - 09.11.2020 KW - Verteilte faseroptische Sensorik KW - Energiekabel KW - Zustandsüberwachung KW - Infrastrukturmonitoring KW - Eingebettete Sensorik PY - 2020 SN - 978-3-8007-5353-6 SN - 0341-3934 VL - 2020 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - VDE Verlag GmbH CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-51559 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Lars A1 - Scheidemann, Robert A1 - Schönfelder, Thorsten A1 - Komann, Steffen A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Drop tests assessment of internal shock absorbers for packages loaded with encapsulations for damaged spent nuclear fuel N2 - Damaged spent nuclear fuel (DSNF) can be loaded in German dual-purpose casks (DPC) for transport and interim storage. Encapsulations are needed to guarantee a safe handling and a tight closure, separated from the package enclosure. These encapsulations shall be durable and leak-tight for a long storage period, because they are usually not accessible within periodical inspections of the DPC. Due to the general design of DPCs for standard fuel assemblies, specific requirements have to be considered for the design of encapsulations for DSNF to ensure the loading in existing package designs. Especially the primary lid system of a DPC is designed for maximum loads due to the internal impact of the content during drop test conditions. The main difference of encapsulations for damaged spent nuclear fuel is that they have usually a much higher stiffness than standard fuel assemblies. Therefore the design of an internal shock absorber, e.g. at the head of an encapsulation is required to reduce mechanical loads to the primary lid system during impacts. BAM as part of the German competent authority system is responsible for the safety assessment of the mechanical and thermal package design, the release of radioactive material and the quality assurance of package manufacturing and operation. Concerning the mechanical design of the encapsulation BAM was involved in the comprehensive assessment procedure during the package design approval process. An internal shock absorber was developed by the package designer with numerical analyses and experimental drop tests. Experimental drop tests are needed to cover limiting parameters regarding, e.g. temperature and wall thickness of the shock absorbing element to enable a detailed specification of the whole load-deformation behavior of the encapsulation shock absorber. The paper gives an overview of the assessment work by BAM and points out the main findings which are relevant for an acceptable design of internal shock absorbers. The physical drop tests were planned on the basis of pre-investigations of the applicant concerning shape, dimension and material properties. In advance of the final drop tests the possible internal impact behavior had to be analyzed and the setup of the test facility had to be validated. The planning, performance and evaluation of the final drop tests were witnessed and assessed by BAM. In conclusion it could be approved that the German encapsulation system for damaged spent nuclear fuel with shock absorbing components can be handled similar to standard fuel assemblies in existing package designs. T2 - Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 03.08.2020 KW - Encapsulations for damaged spent nuclear fuel KW - Drop tests KW - Internal shock absorber KW - Design assessment of RAM packages PY - 2020 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-51546 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Lars T1 - Drop tests assessment of internal shock absorbers for packages loaded with encapsulations for damaged spent nuclear fuel N2 - Damaged spent nuclear fuel (DSNF) can be loaded in German dual-purpose casks (DPC) for transport and interim storage. Encapsulations are needed to guarantee a safe handling and a tight closure, separated from the package enclosure. These encapsulations shall be durable and leak-tight for a long storage period, because they are usually not accessible within periodical inspections of the DPC. Due to the general design of DPCs for standard fuel assemblies, specific requirements have to be considered for the design of encapsulations for DSNF to ensure the loading in existing package designs. Especially the primary lid system of a DPC is designed for maximum loads due to the internal impact of the content during drop test conditions. The main difference of encapsulations for damaged spent nuclear fuel is that they have usually a much higher stiffness than standard fuel assemblies. Therefore the design of an internal shock absorber, e.g. at the head of an encapsulation is required to reduce mechanical loads to the primary lid system during impacts. BAM as part of the German competent authority system is responsible for the safety assessment of the mechanical and thermal package design, the release of radioactive material and the quality assurance of package manufacturing and operation. Concerning the mechanical design of the encapsulation BAM was involved in the comprehensive assessment procedure during the package design approval process. An internal shock absorber was developed by the package designer with numerical analyses and experimental drop tests. Experimental drop tests are needed to cover limiting parameters regarding, e.g. temperature and wall thickness of the shock absorbing element to enable a detailed specification of the whole load-deformation behavior of the encapsulation shock absorber. The paper gives an overview of the assessment work by BAM and points out the main findings which are relevant for an acceptable design of internal shock absorbers. The physical drop tests were planned on the basis of pre-investigations of the applicant concerning shape, dimension and material properties. In advance of the final drop tests the possible internal impact behavior had to be analyzed and the setup of the test facility had to be validated. The planning, performance and evaluation of the final drop tests were witnessed and assessed by BAM. In conclusion it could be approved that the German encapsulation system for damaged spent nuclear fuel with shock absorbing components can be handled similar to standard fuel assemblies in existing package designs. T2 - Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 03.08.2020 KW - Drop tests KW - Internal shock absorber KW - Design assessment of RAM packages KW - Encapsulations for damaged spent nuclear fuel PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51550 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Feldkamp, Martin T1 - Heat Flux from Wood Filled Impact Limiter under Fire Conditions N2 - Packages for the transport of high-level radioactive material must withstand severe hypothetical accidents. Regulatory test conditions shall cover these severe accident conditions and consist of mechanical tests and a following thermal test. To withstand the mechanical tests heavy weight packages are often designed with impact limiters consisting of wood encapsulated in steel sheets. The thermal test is defined precisely in the IAEA-regulations as a 30 minute fully engulfing 800 °C fire. After the fire phase a pre-damaged impact limiter might continue burning or smouldering and influence the cask thermal behaviour with its energy release. The energy transferred from the impact limiter to the cask is of importance for the safety of transport packages. A full-scale fire test with an impact limiter of 2.3 m in diameter and filled with spruce wood was designed and performed. The impact limiter continued burning for 3 days. Energy transfer and temperature measurements were performed. T2 - 9th International Scientific Conference - wood & fire safety 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 02.11.2020 KW - Fre KW - Smouldering KW - Wood PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51517 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Quo vadis LIPSS? - Recent and future trends on laser-induced periodic surface structures N2 - Nanotechnology and lasers are among the most successful and active fields of research and technology that have boomed during the past two decades. Many improvements are based on the controlled manufacturing of nanostructures that enable tailored material functionalization for a wide range of industrial applications, electronics, medicine, etc., and have already found entry into our daily life. One appealing approach for manufacturing such nanostructures in a flexible, robust, rapid, and contactless one-step process is based on the generation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). This Perspectives article analyzes the footprint of the research area of LIPSS on the basis of a detailed literature search, provides a brief overview on its current trends, describes the European funding strategies within the Horizon 2020 programme, and outlines promising future directions. KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) KW - Surface functionalization KW - Literature survey KW - European funding strategies PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-513530 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10101950 SN - 2079-4991 VL - 10 IS - 10 SP - 1950-1 EP - 1950-19 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-51353 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Gräf, S. T1 - Maxwell Meets Marangoni — A Review of Theories on Laser‐Induced Periodic Surface Structures N2 - Surface nanostructuring enables the manipulation of many essential surface properties. With the recent rapid advancements in laser technology, a contactless large‐area processing at rates of up to m2 s−1 becomes feasible that allows new industrial applications in medicine, optics, tribology, biology, etc. On the other hand, the last two decades enable extremely successful and intense research in the field of so‐called laser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS, ripples). Different types of these structures featuring periods of hundreds of nanometers only—far beyond the optical diffraction limit—up to several micrometers are easily manufactured in a single‐step process and can be widely controlled by a proper choice of the laser processing conditions. From a theoretical point of view, however, a vivid and very controversial debate emerges, whether LIPSS originate from electromagnetic effects or are caused by matter reorganization. This article aims to close a gap in the available literature on LIPSS by reviewing the currently existent theories of LIPSS along with their numerical implementations and by providing a comparison and critical assessment of these approaches. KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Electromagnetic theories KW - Matter reorganization theories KW - Surface plasmon polaritons KW - Self-organization PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-514089 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202000215 SN - 1863-8899 VL - 14 IS - 10 SP - 2000215-1 EP - 2000215-25 PB - Wiley CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-51408 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scherb, T. A1 - Fantin, Andrea A1 - Checcia, S. A1 - Stephan-Scherb, Christiane A1 - Escolástico, S. A1 - Franz, A. A1 - Seeger, J. A1 - Meulenberg, W. A. A1 - d'Acapito, F. A1 - Serra, J. M. T1 - Unravelling the crystal structure of Nd5.8WO12-d and Nd5.7W0.75Mo0.25O12-d mixed ionic electronic conductors N2 - Mixed ionic electronic conducting ceramics Nd6-yWO12-d (d is the Oxygen deficiency) provide excellent stability in harsh environments containing strongly reactive gases such as CO2, CO, H2, H2O or H2S. Due to this chemical stability, they are promising and cost-efficient candidate materials for gas separation, catalytic membrane reactors and protonic ceramic fuel cell technologies. As in La6-yWO12-d, the ionic/electronic transport mechanism in Nd6-yWO12-d is expected to be largely controlled by the crystal structure, the conclusive determination of which is still lacking. This work presents a crystallographic study of Nd5.8WO12-d and molybdenum-substituted Nd5.7W0.75Mo0.25O12-d prepared by the citrate complexation route. High-resolution synchrotron and neutron powder diffraction data were used in combined Rietveld refinements to unravel the crystal structure of Nd5.8WO12-d and Nd5.7W0.75Mo0.25O12-d. Both investigated samples crystallize in a defect fluorite crystal structure with space group Fm3m and doubled unit-cell parameter due to cation ordering. Mo replacesWat bothWyckoff sites 4a and 48h and is evenly distributed, in contrast with La6-yWO12-d. X-ray absorption spectroscopy as a function of partial pressure pO2 in the near-edge regions excludes oxidation state changes of Nd (Nd3+) and W(W6+) in reducing conditions: the enhanced hydrogen permeation, i.e. ambipolar conduction, observed in Mo-substituted Nd6-yWO12-d is therefore explained by the higher Mo reducibility and the creation of additional – disordered – oxygen vacancies. KW - Powder diffraction KW - Mixed conductors KW - X-ray absorption spectroscopy PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-514607 DO - https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576720012698 VL - 53 SP - 1471 EP - 1483 AN - OPUS4-51460 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Feldkamp, Martin A1 - Quercetti, Thomas A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Outcomes of three large scale fire reference tests conducted in BAM fire test facility N2 - Packages for the transport of high-level radioactive material are designed to withstand severe accidents. Hypothetical severe accident conditions are defined in the IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials. One of these accident conditions is the thermal test, mainly consisting of a 30 minute fully engulfing 800°C pool fire or an equally severe fire test. The heat fluxes into the package depend substantially on the fire characteristics and the Surface temperature of the package. Fire tests can be performed at BAM on a propane gas fire test facility. In order to investigate the heat fluxes over a wide range of surface temperatures in this test facility a fire reference package was designed for multiple use. The package represented the outer geometry of a specific transport cask for radioactive waste. The fire reference package is a closed steel sheet cylinder with a wall thickness of 10 mm, a length of 1500 mm and a diameter of 1050 mm. The package was instrumented with thermocouples and filled with heat resistant insulation material. Three open-air fire tests were performed in the BAM propane gas fire test facility. The flames exposure time period varied slightly for the fire tests. The wind direction as well as the wind Speed were measured and changed between and during the tests. Test stand parameters such as wind shield location and propane gas volume flow were chosen constant for the three tests. The locally measured fire reference package steel sheet temperatures were used for the calculation of heat fluxes as function of time and surface temperature. The measured temperatures allowed further calculations. In a first approach effective fire characteristics of the propane gas fire, including the flame temperature, the fire convection coefficient and a Radiation exchange coefficient mathematically describing the determined average heat flux over the surface temperature were calculated. T2 - Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 03.08.2020 KW - Fire KW - Testing KW - Large scale testing KW - Calorimeter KW - Heat flux PY - 2020 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - ASME CY - New York AN - OPUS4-51192 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Feldkamp, Martin T1 - Outcomes of three large scale fire reference tests conducted in BAM fire test facility N2 - Packages for the transport of high-level radioactive material are designed to withstand severe accidents. Hypothetical severe accident conditions are defined in the IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials. One of these accident conditions is the thermal test, mainly consisting of a 30 minute fully engulfing 800°C pool fire or an equally severe fire test. The heat fluxes into the package depend substantially on the fire characteristics and the Surface temperature of the package. Fire tests can be performed at BAM on a propane gas fire test facility. In order to investigate the heat fluxes over a wide range of surface temperatures in this test facility a fire reference package was designed for multiple use. The package represented the outer geometry of a specific transport cask for radioactive waste. The fire reference package is a closed steel sheet cylinder with a wall thickness of 10 mm, a length of 1500 mm and a diameter of 1050 mm. The package was instrumented with thermocouples and filled with heat resistant insulation material. Three open-air fire tests were performed in the BAM propane gas fire test facility. The flames exposure time period varied slightly for the fire tests. The wind direction as well as the wind Speed were measured and changed between and during the tests. Test stand parameters such as wind shield location and propane gas volume flow were chosen constant for the three tests. The locally measured fire reference package steel sheet temperatures were used for the calculation of heat fluxes as function of time and surface temperature. The measured temperatures allowed further calculations. In a first approach effective fire characteristics of the propane gas fire, including the flame temperature, the fire convection coefficient and a Radiation exchange coefficient mathematically describing the determined average heat flux over the surface temperature were calculated. T2 - Pressure Vessels & Piping Virtual Conference 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 03.08.2020 KW - Fire KW - Testing KW - Convection coefficient KW - Large scale fire testing KW - Propane gas fire test facility PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51194 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lone, S. A. A1 - Muck, M. A1 - Fosodeder, P. A1 - Mardare, C.C. A1 - Florian, Camilo A1 - Weth, A. A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Steinwender, C. A1 - Baumgartner, W. A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Heitz, J. A1 - Hassel, A.W. T1 - Impact of Femtosecond Laser Treatment Accompanied with Anodization of Titanium Alloy on Fibroblast Cell Growth N2 - Herein, Ti6Al4V alloy is surface modified by femtosecond laser ablation. The microstructure image obtained by secondary electron microscopy reveals a combination of micrometer spikes or cones superimposed by nanoripples (laser‐induced periodic surface structures). To make the surface hydrophilic, anodization is performed resulting in further smoothness of microstructure and a final thickness of 35 ± 4 nm is estimated for oxide produced after anodization at 10 V (scan rate = 0.1 V s−1) versus standard hydrogen electrode. The obtained electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) is approximately 8 times larger compared with flat mirror polished Ti6Al4V surface. Combined chemical analysis by Pourbaix diagram and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses reveal that titanium and aluminum are passivating into TiO2 and Al2O3, but the dissolution of aluminum in the form of solvated ion is inevitable. Finally, cell seeding experiments on anodized and laser‐treated titanium alloy samples show that the growth of murine fibroblast cells is significantly suppressed due to unique surface texture of the laser‐treated and anodized titanium alloy sample. KW - Anodization KW - Femtosecond laser ablation KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS KW - Ti6Al4V alloys KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-510263 DO - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201900838 SN - 1862-6300 SN - 1862-6319 VL - 217 IS - 13 SP - 1900838-1 EP - 1900838-9 PB - WILEY-VCH Verlag CY - Weinheim, Germany AN - OPUS4-51026 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Babutzka, Martin T1 - Überarbeitung des GfKORR-Leitfadens „Korrosionsschutz von Offshore-Windenergieanlagen" N2 - Der Vortrag stellt den aktuellen Stand und die Diskussionsthemen für die Überarbeitung des GfKORR-Leitfadens "Korrosionsschutz von Offshore-Windenergieanlagen" vor. T2 - Gemeinsame Sitzung des GfKORR Arbeitskreises „Korrosionsschutz von Windenergieanlagen“ mit der Fachgruppe „Korrosionsschutz“ der WAB e.V. CY - Online meeting DA - 07.12.2020 KW - Leitfaden KW - Korrosionsschutz KW - Offshore-Windenergieanlagen PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51784 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Reichardt, Adrian T1 - Assessment of ageing effects at BAM N2 - In Germany, spent nuclear fuel and vitrified high active waste is stored in dual purpose casks (DPC) at interim storage facilities. In order to ensure the transportability of the DPC to a final repository in future, the maintenance of the package design approval is realized. Therefore, the assessment of possible ageing effects during interim storage is necessary to ensure an evaluation of the transportability. The lecture presents BAM's current ageing evaluation concept in the field of trasnport law. T2 - IRSN-BAM Symposium - Safety of Transport and Storage Packages CY - Online meeting DA - 19.11.2020 KW - Ageing KW - DPC KW - Interim storage KW - Ageing management PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51718 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nerger, Deborah A1 - Moosavi, Robabeh A1 - Bracklow, F. A1 - Hering, M. A1 - Kühn, T. A1 - Curbach, M. A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Rogge, Andreas ED - Papadrakakis, M. ED - Fragiadakis, M. ED - Papadimitriou, C. T1 - Impact damage characterization at RC plates with planar tomography and FEM N2 - Prediction of dynamic effects of reinforced concrete structures under impact loading is a technical challenge. This is a consequence of the great variability of the physical properties resulting from the wide adaptability of reinforced concrete and a consequence of the wide range of impact loading. Experiments and numerical investigations are normally used on a small scale to address the problem. In this paper, impact tests on reinforced conrete plates with the lateral dimensions of 1.5 m x 1.5 m and a thickness of 30 cm are presented. In bending reinforcement, besides the velocity two properties are varied, the diameter and the spatial distribution of the rebars. Experiments are performed at the Otto-Mohr-Laboratory of the Institute of Concrete Structures of the Technische Universit¨at Dresden. Due to the accelerated fall of the impactor the velocity ranges between 20 and 70 m/s. In addition to the measured quantities such as bearing forces, accelerations are also measured at 4 different positions on and under the plate, as well as the deflection at several positions. The measured data are used for the analysis of the damage form and the numerical examinations with the program Ansys Autodyn and the material model after Drucker-Prager. Numerical investigations support the tests, with detailed analysis of individual effects. These numerical computations and the planar tomographic investigations were carried out at BAM in Berlin. With the help of planar tomographic evaluation, the damaged structure is made visible and compared with the numerical results. Influences of the bending reinforcement are explained on the basis of damage evaluation in the local area and on selected measured values. In addition to the test evaluation, the tomographic and numerical methods are presented. T2 - XI International Conference on Structural Dynamics (EURODYN 2020) CY - Online meeting DA - 23.11.2020 KW - Post-impact evaluation KW - Damage characterization KW - Planar tomography KW - Drucker-Prager KW - Ansys Autodyn PY - 2020 SN - 978-618-85072-2-7 VL - 1 SP - 2521 EP - 2543 PB - Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece CY - Athens, Greece AN - OPUS4-51769 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Feldkamp, Martin T1 - Outcomes of Three Large-Scale Fire Reference Tests Conducted in Propane Gas Fire Test Facility N2 - Packages for the transport of high-level radioactive material are designed to withstand severe accidents. Hypothetical severe accident conditions are defined in the IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials. One of these accident conditions is the thermal test, mainly consisting of a 30 minute fully engulfing 800°C pool fire or an equally severe fire test. The heat fluxes into the package depend substantially on the fire characteristics and the surface temperature of the package. Fire tests can be performed at BAM on a propane gas fire test facility. In order to investigate the heat fluxes over a wide range of surface temperatures in this test facility a fire reference package was designed for multiple use. The package represented the outer geometry of a specific transport cask for radioactive waste. The fire reference package is a closed steel sheet cylinder with a wall thickness of 10 mm, a length of 1500 mm and a diameter of 1050 mm. The package was instrumented with thermocouples and filled with heat resistant insulation material. Three open-air fire tests were performed in the BAM propane gas fire test facility. The flames exposure time period varied slightly for the fire tests. The wind direction as well as the wind speed were measured and changed between and during the tests. Test stand parameters such as wind shield location and propane gas volume flow were chosen constant for the three tests. The locally measured fire reference package steel sheet temperatures were used for the calculation of heat fluxes as function of time and surface temperature. The measured temperatures allowed further calculations. In a first approach effective fire characteristics of the propane gas fire, including the flame temperature, the fire convection coefficient and a radiation exchange coefficient mathematically describing the determined average heat flux over the surface temperature were calculated. T2 - Abteilungskolloquium 3.3 CY - Online meeting DA - 03.12.2020 KW - Fire KW - Heat flux KW - Convection coefficient KW - Adiabatic surface temperature KW - IAEA PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51778 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Linnemann, Konrad T1 - Prestressed bolt connections under lateral displacements N2 - The containment system of transport packages for spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste usually includes bolted lids with metal gaskets. The specified transport condition imply high loading on the lids and the bolt connections of the package. The response of the lid systems on these load conditions is generally investigated by drop tests or numerically. BAM has started a research project to get a better understanding about the behavior of prestressed bolt connection under loadings typical for drop tests. T2 - IRSN-BAM Symposium Safety of Transport and Storage Packages CY - Online meeting DA - 19.11.2020 KW - Transport packages KW - Pprestressed bolt connection KW - Experimental investigation KW - Finite element method PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51697 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Akkerman, Floris T1 - Aktuelles zur Ökodesign-Verordnung - Entwicklung und Einschätzung zum Inverkehrbringen N2 - Vorstellung der Rechtsinstrumente Ökodesign, Darstellung der Entwicklung und Einschätzung zu Szenarien zum Inverkehrbringen am Beispiel Kühlmöbel T2 - Handel-Hersteller-Dialog der FG Kühlmöbel des VDMA CY - Online meeting DA - 07.12.2020 KW - Ökodesign KW - Energieverbrauchskennzeichnung KW - Energieeffizienz KW - Kühlmöbel KW - Supermarktkälte PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51817 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schürmann, K. T1 - Experimental investigations on the fatigue resistance of automatically welded tubular X-joints for jacket support structures N2 - The development within the offshore wind sector towards more powerful turbines combined with increasing water depth for new wind parks is challenging both the designer as well as the manufacturer of bottom fixed support structures. Besides XL-monopiles, the market developed an innovative and economic jacket support structure which is based on automatically manufactured tubular joints combined with standardized pipes. Besides the improvements for a serial manufacturing process the automatically welded tubular joints show a great potential in terms of fatigue resistance e.g. due to a smooth weld geometry without sharp notches. However, these benefits are not considered yet within the fatigue design process of automatically manufactured jacket substructures according to current standards due to the lack of suitable S-N curves. Therefore, 32 axial fatigue tests on single and double-sided automatically welded tubular X-joints have been performed to determine a new hot spot stress related S-N curve. Based on these constant amplitude fatigue tests a new S-N curve equal to a FAT 126 curve was computed which implicitly includes the benefits of the automatically welding procedure. T2 - EERA DeepWind 2020 CY - Trondheim, Norway DA - 15.01.2020 KW - Notch stress approach KW - Tubular X-joints KW - Automated manufacturing KW - Fatigue tests KW - Structural stress approach PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51873 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumacher, David T1 - From W. C. Röntgen to modern Tomography N2 - A not complete review of X-Ray related milestones from 1895 to the 21st century. T2 - ITN GW4SHM, First Training Event CY - Online Meeting DA - 23.11.2020 KW - X-Ray KW - Computed Tomography KW - Laminography KW - Digital Detector Arrays KW - Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51881 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Feldkamp, Martin T1 - Fire reference package - Results of large-scale fire tests N2 - Packages for the transport of high-level radioactive material are designed to withstand severe accidents. Hypothetical severe accident conditions are defined in the IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials. One of these accident conditions is the thermal test, mainly consisting of a 30 minute fully engulfing 800°C pool fire or an equally severe fire test. The heat fluxes into the package depend substantially on the fire characteristics and the surface temperature of the package. Fire tests can be performed at BAM on a propane gas fire test facility. In order to investigate the heat fluxes over a wide range of surface temperatures in this test facility a fire reference package was designed for multiple use. The package represented the outer geometry of a specific transport cask for radioactive waste. The fire reference package is a closed steel sheet cylinder with a wall thickness of 10 mm, a length of 1500 mm and a diameter of 1050 mm. The package was instrumented with thermocouples and filled with heat resistant insulation material. Three open-air fire tests were performed in the BAM propane gas fire test facility. The flames exposure time period varied slightly for the fire tests. The wind direction as well as the wind speed were measured and changed between and during the tests. Test stand parameters such as wind shield location and propane gas volume flow were chosen constant for the three tests. The locally measured fire reference package steel sheet temperatures were used for the calculation of heat fluxes as function of time and surface temperature. The measured temperatures allowed further calculations. In a first approach effective fire characteristics of the propane gas fire, including the flame temperature, the fire convection coefficient and a radiation exchange coefficient mathematically describing the determined average heat flux over the surface temperature were calculated. T2 - IRSN-BAM Symposium - Safety of Transport and Storage Packages CY - Online meeting DA - 19.11.2020 KW - Fire reference KW - Calorimetric test KW - Propane KW - Heat flux KW - Propane gas fire test facility PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51686 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Update on the German Spent Fuel Management Strategy N2 - The presentation provides an update on the German spent fuel Management strategy in the areas of transportation, dry interim storage and deep geological disposal. T2 - IAEA 18th TWG-NFCO CY - Online meeting DA - 07.09.2020 KW - Spent nuclear fuel KW - Final disposal KW - Safety KW - Transport and storage cask PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51616 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Wolff, Dietmar A1 - Bevilacqua, A. A1 - Reiche, I. A1 - Harvey, J. A1 - Hirose, M. A1 - Kumano, Y. A1 - McConnell, P. A1 - Saegusa, T. A1 - Einziger, R. ED - González-Espartero, A. T1 - Methodology for a Safety Case of a Dual Purpose Cask for Storage and Transport of Spent Fuel N2 - Spent nuclear fuel which is generated in the operation of nuclear reactors needs to be safely managed following its removal from the reactor core. On-site power reactor storage pools were designed on the assumption that after a short period of time spent nuclear fuel would be removed for reprocessing and disposal or further storage elsewhere. The amount of highly radioactive spent fuel that needs to be stored over longer periods of time is growing and additional storage capacity is required. One of the widely used options for additional storage capacity is the use of casks for dry storage of spent fuel. Among various existing dry storage concepts, several Member States are utilizing a concept of dual purpose casks (DPCs). This publication provides practical advice on the structure and contents of a DPC integrated safety case with reference to existing IAEA requirements relevant to the licensing and use of transport and storage casks for spent fuel. KW - Dual Purpose Cask KW - Spent Fuel KW - Storage KW - Transport PY - 2020 UR - https://www.iaea.org/publications/10966/methodology-for-a-safety-case-of-a-dual-purpose-cask-for-storage-and-transport-of-spent-fuel SN - 978-92-0-131620-2 SN - 1011–4289 SP - 1 EP - 109 PB - IAEA Publishing Section CY - Vienna, Austria AN - OPUS4-51962 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Palkowski, Carsten T1 - BAM Round Robin Test for Heat Pumps and Air Conditioners N2 - Preliminary results of the BAM RRTs are given in this presentation. T2 - VHK Meeting CY - Online meeting DA - 11.11.2020 KW - Heat Pumps KW - Air Conditioners KW - Round Robin Test KW - Load-Based Test Method KW - Energy Label PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51969 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simbruner, Kai T1 - Brittle failure analysis of spent fuel zirconium alloy claddings during long-term dry interim storage - Current approach at BAM N2 - Understanding the mechanical behaviour of fuel cladding is decisive for an extended dry interim storage period beyond the currently licensed period of 40 years in Germany and subsequent handling, transport, and disposal considering normal and accidental conditions. Since fuel cladding acts as the first barrier for spent fuel, its integrity should be demonstrated to enable safe and secure discharge and handling options after interim storage and subsequent transportation in preparation of final disposal. An established method for characterizing cladding material is the Ring Compression Test (RCT), where a small, cylindrical sample of the cladding tube is subjected to a compressive load. This test is a laboratory representation of a fuel rod load case and has shown a high susceptibility to failure under the occurrence of radial hydrides. Certain hydride morphologies and low temperature might even lead to brittle fracture at very small loads. The BAM research project BRUZL (Fracture mechanical analysis of spent fuel claddings during long-term dry interim storage) aims to study the results of quasi-static RCTs and to establish numerical models to gain an in-depth understanding of the stress state during the experiments. Using a fracture mechanical approach, cases of sudden failure during the RCT procedure are used to characterize the material behaviour and establish a failure criterion. As an integral part of the project BRUZL, quasi-static Ring Compression Tests have been performed to identify all experimental details, which might be helpful for numerical modelling. Unirradiated samples of the cladding material ZIRLO® have been subjected to hydrogen charging and a thermo-mechanical treatment for radial hydride reorientation. Sample preparation, testing procedures, and analysis results are presented. A numerical model has been established and an elastic-plastic material model was derived from as-received RCT samples by inverse finite element analyses. Cohesive zone modelling has been implemented to reproduce sudden load drops during RCT. The project is funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) under contract no. 1501561. T2 - Kolloquium der Abteilung 3 CY - Online meeting DA - 05.11.2020 KW - Ageing Management KW - Cladding Embrittlement KW - Extended Storage KW - Ring Compression Test KW - Spent Nuclear Fuel PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51987 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simbruner, Kai T1 - Embrittlement of Spent Fuel Claddings ‒ Results of Ring Compression Tests N2 - An established method for characterizing cladding material is the Ring Compression Test (RCT), where a small, cylindrical sample of the cladding tube is subjected to a compressive load. This test is a laboratory representation of a fuel rod load case and has shown a high susceptibility to failure under the occurrence of radial hydrides. Certain hydride morphologies and low temperature might even lead to brittle fracture at very small loads. The BAM research project BRUZL (Fracture mechanical analysis of spent fuel claddings during long-term dry interim storage) aims to study the results of quasi-static RCTs and to establish numerical models to gain an in-depth understanding of the stress state during such experiments. Using a fracture mechanical approach, cases of sudden failure during the RCT procedure are used to characterize the material behaviour and establish a failure criterion. As an integral part of the project BRUZL, quasi-static Ring Compression Tests have been performed to identify all experimental details, which might be helpful for numerical modelling. Unirradiated samples of the cladding material ZIRLO® have been subjected to hydrogen charging and a thermo-mechanical treatment for radial hydride reorientation. Sample preparation, testing procedures, and analysis results are presented. A numerical model has been established and an elastic-plastic material model was derived from as-received RCT samples by inverse finite element analyses. Cohesive zone modelling has been implemented to reproduce sudden load drops during RCT. The project is funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) under contract no. 1501561. T2 - 4th GRS Workshop on Safety of Extended Dry Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel CY - Online meeting DA - 03.06.2020 KW - Ageing Management KW - Cladding Embrittlement KW - Extended Storage KW - Ring Compression Test KW - Spent Nuclear Fuel PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51988 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Herold, Christian A1 - Orellana Pérez, Teresa A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Wolff, Dietmar T1 - Nationaler und Internationaler Stand zu bereits existierenden Anforderungen und Konzepten für Endlagerbehälter und Zusammenstellung sicherheitsrelevanter Behältereigenschaften; Bericht zum Arbeitspaket 1 des FuE-Verbundvorhabens KoBrA N2 - Im hier vorliegenden Bericht wurde im Rahmen einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche der nationale und internationale Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik hinsichtlich Behälterkonzepten und Behälteranforderungen erfasst. Dabei wurde eine umfangreiche Dokumentensammlung zusammengestellt und sortiert, die als Quellenbasis für alle weiteren Arbeiten zur Verfügung steht. Die Auswertung der gesammelten Informationen resultiert in einem Überblick über internationale Behälterentwicklungen sowie einer detaillierten Übersicht über die Behälterkonzepte und die ihnen zugrundeliegenden Anforderungskataloge aus elf fortgeschrittenen Endlagerprogrammen. KW - Endlager KW - Behälter KW - Sicherheitsanforderungen KW - Hochradioaktive Abfälle PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.2314/KXP:1759195804 N1 - Auftraggeber: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi), Förderkennzeichen: 02E11537. SP - 1 EP - 284 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-53117 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Herold, Christian A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Orellana Pérez, Teresa A1 - Wolff, Dietmar A1 - Bollingerfehr, W. A1 - Wunderlich, A. A1 - Prignitz, S. T1 - Erarbeitung von Vorschlägen für mögliche Behälterkonzepte in den drei potenziellen Wirtsgesteinen Steinsalz, Tonstein und Kristallingestein; Bericht zum Arbeitspaket 4 des FuE Verbundvorhabens KoBrA N2 - Dieser Bericht untersucht die im ersten Arbeitspaket ermittelten vorhandenen bzw. entwickelten Behälterkonzepte dahingehend, inwieweit die jeweiligen Behälterfunktionen unter den im zweiten und dritten Arbeitspaket ermittelten Randbedingungen und Einwirkungen den im dritten Arbeitspaket ermittelten Anforderungen an endlagerfähige Behälter in einem deutschen Endlager genügen. Zum anderen sollen, basierend auf den im zweiten Arbeitspaket ermittelten Randbedingungen und den im dritten Arbeitspaket hergeleiteten und zusammengestellten Anforderungen an die Endlagerbehälter, Vorschläge für mögliche generische Endlagerbehälter in den drei potenziellen Wirtsgesteinen Steinsalz, Tonstein und Kristallingestein erarbeitet werden. Die im ersten Arbeitspaket recherchierten Behälterkonzepte, deren Entwicklungslinien und zugrundeliegende Behälteranforderungen bilden hier den Ausgangspunkt für weitergehende Überlegungen hinsichtlich ihrer potenziellen Eignung für ein zukünftiges deutsches Endlager und zur Skizzierung generischer Konzepte für zukünftige Endlagerbehälter. KW - Endlager KW - Behälter KW - Sicherheitsanforderungen KW - Hochradioaktive Abfälle PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.2314/KXP:1759194123 N1 - Auftraggeber: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi), Förderkennzeichen: 02E11537. SP - 1 EP - 76 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-53118 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Herold, Christian A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Wolff, Dietmar A1 - Orellana Pérez, Teresa A1 - Bollingerfehr, W. A1 - Wunderlich, A. A1 - Prignitz, S. T1 - Herleitung und Zusammenstellung der Anforderungen an Endlagerbehälter für ein HAW-Endlager in den drei potenziellen Wirtsgesteinen Steinsalz, Tonstein und Kristallingestein; Bericht zum Arbeitspaket 3 des FuE Verbundvorhabens KoBrA N2 - Der Bericht zum Arbeitspaket 3 baut auf den Ergebnissen der internationalen Recherche (AP1) sowie der Zusammenstellung der Randbedingungen und Beanspruchungsgrößen für die Endlagerbehälter (AP2) auf. Die Anforderungen an die Behälter – regulatorische, betriebliche sowie solche aus der Standortgeologie und den Einwirkungen und Prozessen, denen die Behälter ausgesetzt sind – werden hergeleitet und systematisch dargestellt. Die für das Endlagersystem zu betrachtenden Nutzungsphasen werden aus den regulatorischen Anforderungen hergeleitet und charakterisiert. Die Einwirkungen auf die Behälter in den drei potenziellen Wirtsgesteinen sowie die sich für die Erfüllung der Sicherheitsfunktionen des Behälters als Teil des Endlagersystems ergebenden Behälterfunktionen werden ebenfalls wirtsgesteins- und zeitphasenabhängig betrachtet. Schließlich werden aus den Einwirkungen auf die Behälter und den Anforderungen an die Behälterfunktionen auch quantifizierbare Behälterfunktionen für alle drei potenziellen Wirtsgesteine abgeleitet. KW - Endlager KW - Behälter KW - Sicherheitsanforderungen KW - Hochradioaktive Abfälle PY - 2020 UR - https://www.bge-technology.de/fileadmin/user_upload/MEDIATHEK/f_e_berichte/KoBrA/2020-KoBrA_Bericht_AP3.pdf N1 - Auftraggeber: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi), Förderkennzeichen: 02E11527 und 02E11537. SP - 1 EP - 254 PB - BGE Technology CY - Peine AN - OPUS4-53119 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -