TY - CONF A1 - Prager, Jens T1 - Technological and Regulatory Constraints on the Use of Structural Health Monitoring - Our Experience with SHM for Hydrogen Pressure Vessels N2 - Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is seen as a key component of NDT 4.0. The aim is to replace labour- and cost-intensive periodic inspections with integrated sensor technology and automated data evaluation, and to increase the operational safety and reliability of critical components. Although SHM is already being used to monitor infrastructure components, approaches for technical structures and components have not yet left the laboratory scale, despite intensive efforts. This is particularly the case for aircraft components, pipelines and components in the chemical and process industries. As part of a publicly funded joint project, BAM has attempted to supplement or replace the legally required periodic inspection of high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks with SHM. With regard to a real laboratory "hydrogen refuelling station", different sensor concepts were applied to type IV pressure vessels and the vessels were subjected to accelerated ageing by pressure cycling. The applied monitoring methods were validated against different failure mechanisms. The contribution presents the results of the project and discusses the specific challenges of using SHM approaches in practice. In addition to describing the technological challenges of replacing periodic inspections with SHM, the talk addresses the legal aspects for the operation of pilot plants and real laboratories. As artificial intelligence and machine learning methods are favoured for signal processing, evaluation and assessment of SHM measurement data, the impact of the European AI Act as the first legal framework for AI is also discussed. T2 - SYSINT 2025 CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 04.06.2025 KW - Pressure vessels KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Ultrasound PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64526 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR ED - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Micro Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation N2 - What is meant by ‘Micro Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation’? This was the central subject of debate in this Special Issue. At present, sub-millimeter-size components or even assemblies are pervading the industrial and scientific world. Classic examples are electronic devices and watches (as well as parts thereof), but recent examples encompass additively manufactured lattice structures, stents, or other microparts. Moreover, most assemblies contain micro-components. Testing such components or their miniaturized parts would fit well within the topic of micro non-destructive testing and evaluation. In all cases, performance and integrity testing, quality control, and dimensional tolerances need to be measured at the sub-millimeter level (ideally with a spatial resolution of about a micron); most of the time, such features and components are embedded in much larger assemblies, which also need to be taken into account. The solution to this dilemma (i.e. measuring large parts with high resolution) depends on the part and on the problem under consideration. Another possible definition of micro non-destructive testing and evaluation can relate to the characterization of micro-features (e.g., the microstructure) in much larger specimens, such as damage in concrete cores or porosity in additively manufactured components. A further aspect is the use of microscopic probes to evaluate macroscopic properties. This is the case, for instance but not at all exclusively, in the use of diffraction techniques to determine macroscopic stress. The splits between testing and characterization at the micro-level (or of micro parts) from one side and handling of macroscopic assemblies on the other represent a great challenge for many fields of materials characterization. On top of that, including the use of microscopic methods to test integrity would add a further level of complexity. Imaging, mechanical testing, non-destructive testing, measurement of properties, structural health monitoring, and dimensional metrology all need to be re-defined if we want to cope with the multi-faceted topic of micro non-destructive testing and evaluation. The challenge has already been accepted by the scientific and engineering communities for a while but is still far from being universally tackled. This Special Issue yields an interesting answer to the questions posed above. It presents the progress made and the different aspects of the challenge as well as at indicates the paths for the future of NDT&E. KW - Neutron Diffraction KW - Ultrasound KW - Eddy Currents KW - X-ray Computed Tomography KW - Mechanical Properties KW - Residual Stress KW - Defects PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-570321 SN - 978-3-0365-6180-6 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-6180-6 SN - 1996-1944 SP - 1 EP - 304 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-57032 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Micro Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation N2 - What is meant by ‘Micro Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation’? This was the central subject of debate in this Special Issue. At present, sub-millimeter-size components or even assemblies are pervading the industrial and scientific world. Classic examples are electronic devices and watches (as well as parts thereof), but recent examples encompass additively manufactured lattice structures, stents, or other microparts. Moreover, most assemblies contain micro-components. Testing such components or their miniaturized parts would fit well within the topic of micro non-destructive testing and evaluation. In all cases, performance and integrity testing, quality control, and dimensional tolerances need to be measured at the sub-millimeter level (ideally with a spatial resolution of about a micron); most of the time, such features and components are embedded in much larger assemblies, which also need to be taken into account. The solution to this dilemma (i.e. measuring large parts with high resolution) depends on the part and on the problem under consideration. Another possible definition of micro non-destructive testing and evaluation can relate to the characterization of micro-features (e.g., the microstructure) in much larger specimens, such as damage in concrete cores or porosity in additively manufactured components. A further aspect is the use of microscopic probes to evaluate macroscopic properties. This is the case, for instance but not at all exclusively, in the use of diffraction techniques to determine macroscopic stress. The splits between testing and characterization at the micro-level (or of micro parts) from one side and handling of macroscopic assemblies on the other represent a great challenge for many fields of materials characterization. On top of that, including the use of microscopic methods to test integrity would add a further level of complexity. Imaging, mechanical testing, non-destructive testing, measurement of properties, structural health monitoring, and dimensional metrology all need to be re-defined if we want to cope with the multi-faceted topic of micro non-destructive testing and evaluation. The challenge has already been accepted by the scientific and engineering communities for a while but is still far from being universally tackled. This Special Issue yields an interesting answer to the questions posed above. It presents the progress made and the different aspects of the challenge as well as at indicates the paths for the future of NDT&E. KW - Ultrasound KW - Materials Characterization KW - Residual Stress KW - Thermography Computed KW - Tomography KW - Non-destructive Testing KW - Magnetic Methods PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556849 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15175923 VL - 15 IS - 17 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz AN - OPUS4-55684 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -