TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz A1 - Ziemens, Susanne T1 - The response of different buildings to free-field excitation – a study using detailed finite element models N2 - A study on building vibrations has been performed by finite element calculations. Family houses, multi-storey residential buildings, office buildings and office towers have been modelled in detail. The frequency-dependent response due to a free-field excitation has been evaluated for walls, columns and floors. The ratio of building amplitudes to free-field amplitudes starts with uB/u0 = 1 at zero frequency and is usually lower than 1 at 50 Hz, the end of the frequency range considered here. In between, amplifications occur due to several reasons. There are „soil resonances“ where the whole building is vibrating on the compliant soil, “column resonances” where the upper storeys are vibrating on the compliant columns, and the “floor resonances” where the floors are vibrating excited by their supports. Results are presented for all building types, but a special focus is set on office buildings. A parameter study shows the influence of the stiffness of the soil, the number of storeys, and the width of the building. It has been found that the “soil resonance” is strongly modified by the low-frequency floor resonances for the normal office building. The main resonance of a twenty-storey office tower is determined equally by the “soil mode” and the “column mode”. It is an important observation for these office buildings that the resonances can differ for different parts of the building such as the centre, the edge, the corner, and the core of the building. This leads to non-uniform vibration modes across the building, which look like another type of “floor resonance” and which have been observed in several real building projects. Experimental results will be shown which can confirm the calculated phenomena. T2 - EURODYN 2020 XI International Conference on Structural Dynamics CY - Online meeting DA - 13.11.2020 KW - Building vibration KW - Office building KW - Residential building KW - Soil-building resonance KW - Floor resonance KW - Column/wall resonance PY - 2020 SN - 978-618-85072-2-7 SP - 4560 EP - 4576 CY - Athen AN - OPUS4-51678 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz A1 - Conreaux, Laurence A1 - Said, Samir A1 - Müller, Roger T1 - The excitation, propagation, and mitigation of train-induced ground vibrations from the axle impulses on the track N2 - Train-induced vibrations in soft ground usually have a strong low-frequency component. This component has a characteristic spectrum which is related to the axle sequence and the speed of the train. Its attenuation with distance is weaker than the attenuation for higher frequencies, and it always dominates the far-field ground vibration. Narrow-band frequency analyses clearly show that this ground vibration component is due to the static axle loads. Axle box vibrations have a different characteristic where the first out-of-roundness of the wheels is the only remarkable low-frequency component. Therefore, the dynamic axle loads from wheel and track irregularities are not the reason for the strong ground vibration component. The moving static axle loads generate the quasi-static response of the soil at very low frequencies and at very near distances. A part of the original impulse spectrum is scattered when it propagates through an inhomogeneous ballast and soil with a randomly varying stiffness. The axle impulses are smoother for a higher bending stiffness or a lower support stiffness (under sleeper pads, under ballast mats) of the track. This mitigation of the ground vibration will be demonstrated by measurements at three sites in Switzerland as well as the characteristic of the soil and axle-box vibrations. T2 - Sixth International Conference on Railway Technology: Research, Development and Maintenance CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 01.09.2024 KW - Soil and vehicle measurements KW - Train passages KW - Ground vibration KW - Excitation mechanisms KW - Mitigation KW - Under sleeper pads KW - Under ballast mat PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.4203/ccc.7.13.2 SN - 2753-3239 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Civil-Comp Press CY - Edinburgh, United Kingdom AN - OPUS4-61240 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Patrick A1 - Baeßler, Matthias ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Temperatureinfluss auf Strukturmonitoring – Aktuelle Versuche N2 - Strukturmonitoring kann wertvolle Daten für die Zustandsbewertung und Schadensdetektion von Infrastrukturbauwerken liefern. Umgebungsbedingungen wie die Temperatur beeinflussen die Bauwerke und somit die Messdaten jedoch erheblich. Um Methoden für den Umgang mit Temperatureinflüssen zu entwickeln, wurden an der BAM Versuche an Stahlbeton- und Asphaltbalken unter kontrollierten Temperaturen von -40 °C bis 60 °C und definierten Schädigungen durchgeführt. Die Daten ermöglichen die Erforschung und Validierung neuer, auch unter Temperatureinfluss zuverlässiger Methoden des Strukturmonitorings. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Strukturmonitoring KW - Temperatureinfluss KW - Infrastrukturbauwerke KW - Stahlbeton- und Asphaltbalken PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613289 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 294 EP - 302 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61328 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Simon, Patrick A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Baeßler, Matthias ED - Döhler, Michael ED - Mélot, Adrien ED - Aenlle Lopez, Manuel T1 - System identification and model calibration of a steel road bridge N2 - The Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), in cooperation with the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), is working on a framework for integrating frequently updated structural models into an asset management process for bridge structures. A multi-span steel road bridge was selected as a test case for the development of this framework. In order for the structural model to represent the real behavior of the bridge with sufficient accuracy, model calibration is required. In this case, we have planned to calibrate the model based on the dynamic response of the bridge. To determine its dynamic properties, a multi-setup operational modal analysis was performed on one of the bridge spans. In parallel, a structural model of the span was developed based on the available design and service life information. Both eigenfrequencies and mode shapes were used as reference parameters to calibrate the model. A sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the most influential design parameters. Subsequently, a genetic algorithm was applied for minimizing the difference between measured and simulated characteristic responses. In the proposed paper, we summarize the measurements as well as the determination of the modal response of the bridge and describe the process of calibration of the structural model using the identified dynamic response. T2 - 11th International Operational Modal Analysis Conference (IOMAC 2025) CY - Rennes, France DA - 20.05.2025 KW - Bridge structure KW - Operational modal analysis KW - Model calibration PY - 2025 SN - 978-84-09-75120-4 SP - 114 EP - 121 PB - International Group of Operational Modal Analysis CY - Gijón, Spain AN - OPUS4-64416 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz A1 - Said, Samir T1 - System and damage identification for cars, floors and roofs, bridges, tracks and foundations by modal analyses, frequency response functions and moving-load responses N2 - The following objects have been analysed by frequency response functions and moving load responses. A simple modal analysis which is based on the transformed and weighted system equations has been tested for an automotive test car and for many floors in many buildings to get some rules for their natural frequency and damping. Moreover, six neighboured equal, weakly coupled, wooden floors in a castle have been measured by ambient and hammer excitation, and a special method to extract the different mode shapes of the closely spaced natural frequencies has been developed and tested. Different foundations, for which the soil-structure interaction is generally important, have been measured and compared with finite-element boundary-element models of varying soil properties. Similarly by FEBEM calculations, damages in railway tracks have been identified from flexibility functions (frequency response functions) and from the moving-load responses to normal train operation. Rail and foot bridges have been measured during train passages and by quasi-static tests with moving vehicles. The repeatability of the inclinometer measurements has been checked for different passages, passage directions, and measurement campaigns at a six-span foot bridge. Two rail bridges at the Hanover-Würzburg high-speed line have been measured and evaluated for integrity and for the train- and speed-dependent bridge resonances. The relation between the multi-axle and the single-axle excitation can be solved in frequency domain by the axle-sequence spectrum of the vehicle or the whole train. The single axle response has been used to identify track and bridge damages in laboratory and in situ. T2 - 10th International Operational Modal Analysis Conference (IOMAC 2024) CY - Naples, Italy DA - 21.05.2024 KW - Weakly coupled floors KW - Bridge passage KW - Track damage KW - Foundation-soil interaction KW - Flexibility function KW - Moving load response PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-031-61420-0 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61421-7_19 SN - 2366-2557 SP - 187 EP - 195 PB - Springer Nature Switzerland AG CY - Cham, Schweiz AN - OPUS4-61248 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Wedel, Frederik A1 - Lehmann, Frank A. A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan ED - Lienhart, Werner ED - Krüger, Markus T1 - Structural health monitoring guidelines for bridges in Germany N2 - With the advancement of digitalization and related technological developments, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has become a useful and increasingly widespread tool to assist in the maintenance management of bridges and other engineering structures. The process of implementing monitoring requires expertise in many fields such as civil engineering, bridge operation and maintenance, monitoring technology, and data analysis. In recent years, monitoring has moved from method and technology development to standard practice. However, the implementation of monitoring as a standardized process can be an obstacle, especially for bridge operators, due to a lack of practical experience combined with the various expertise required. This can affect several areas, such as determining the cost-effectiveness of a monitoring measure, proper tendering and contracting, quality control, analysis and evaluation of measurement data, and last but not least, data management. In order to support the introduction of monitoring technologies into the practice of infrastructure operators, several guidelines have been developed in Germany in recent years by different interest groups, each with a different focus and essentially complementing each other. This paper aims to provide an overview of four different recently published guidelines and to highlight their strengths and advantages. T2 - 13th International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure CY - Graz, Austria DA - 01.09.2025 KW - Structural Health Monitoring KW - Bridge structures KW - Guidelines PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-643809 DO - https://doi.org/10.3217/978-3-99161-057-1-064 SP - 420 EP - 427 PB - Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz AN - OPUS4-64380 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Simon, Patrick A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Said, Samir A1 - Baeßler, Matthias ED - Curbach, M. ED - Marx, S. ED - Scheerer, S. ED - Hampel, T. T1 - Structural Health Monitoring der Maintalbrücke Gemünden zur Unterstützung einer prädiktiven Instandhaltung N2 - Nach den bisherigen Regeln werden Bauwerksprüfungen von Brücken in starr definierten Intervallen durchgeführt. Diese starre, periodische, zustandsbasierte Instandhaltungsstrategie soll zukünftig durch eine flexible und prädiktive Instandhaltung ersetzt werden. Hierbei sollen Inspektionen und Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen unterstützt durch autonome Systeme auf der Grundlage von Monitoringdaten geplant und zusätzlich bei unvorhergesehenen Ereignissen ausgelöst werden. Im Rahmen des Verbundforschungsvorhabens AISTEC wird ein Vorgehen für Großbauwerke und kleinere Regelbauwerke zur Umsetzung eines kombinierten globalen, schwingungsbasierten und quasistatischen Monitorings entworfen. An der Maintalbrücke Gemünden – einer semiintegralen Rahmenbrücke aus Spannbeton auf der Schnellfahrstrecke Hannover–Würzburg – wurde als Demonstrator ein Dauermonitoring realisiert. T2 - 11. Symposium Experimentelle Untersuchungen von Baukonstruktionen (SEUB) CY - Online meeting DA - 08.03.2021 KW - Structural Health Monitoring KW - Umwelteinflüsse KW - Prädiktive Instandhaltung PY - 2021 UR - https://tu-dresden.de/bu/bauingenieurwesen/imb/ressourcen/dateien/veranstaltungen/seub/11-seub-2021/2021_SEUB11_06_Herrmann_et_al.pdf?lang=de VL - 55 SP - 66 EP - 76 PB - Technische Universität Dresden CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-52810 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baier, Johanna A1 - Wiehle, Philipp A1 - Thiele, Marc ED - Nille-Hauf, Konstantin T1 - Structural design of rammed earth – Influence of manufacturing parameters on the compressive strength N2 - At present, no structural design code for rammed earth exists that is based on the semiprobabilistic safety concept and adequately reflects the mechanical performance of modern rammed earth structures. This research aims to establish a scientifically grounded design framework for load-bearing rammed earth walls, incorporating the semi-probabilistic safety approach to ensure reliability and structural integrity. As a first step within the research project the influence of the manufacturing parameters of rammed earth on its mechanical properties are investigated. Compressive strength tests are carried out on cylinders produced with varying initial moisture contents and different compaction energies. Moreover, it is investigated whether the Proctor test according to DIN 18127 is suitable for determining the optimal moisture content (OMC) of rammed earth production. T2 - Earth Builder Summit EBS 2025 CY - Biberach, Germany DA - 06.03.2025 KW - Rammed earth KW - Structral design KW - Mechanical parameters PY - 2025 SP - 41 EP - 44 PB - Hochschule Biberach CY - Biberach AN - OPUS4-64343 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Viefhues, Eva A1 - Döhler, M. A1 - Simon, Patrick A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Mevel, L. ED - Cunha, A. ED - Caetano, E. T1 - Stochastic subspace-based damage detection of a temperature affected beam structure N2 - Structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil structures often is limited due to changing environmental conditions, as those changes affect the structural dynamical properties in a similar way like damages can do. In this article, an approach for damage detection under changing temperatures is presentedand applied to a beam structure. The used stochastic subspace-based algorithm relies on a reference null space estimate, which is confronted to data from the testing state in a residual function. For damage detection the residual is evaluated by means of statistical hypothesis tests. Changes of the system due to temperature effects are handled with a model interpolation approach from linear parameter varying system theory. From vibration data measured in the undamaged state at some few reference temperatures, a model of the dynamic system valid for the current testing temperature is interpolated. The reference null space and the covariance matrix for the hypothesis test is computed from this interpolated model. This approach has been developed recently and was validated in an academic test case on simulations of a mass-spring-damper. In this paper, the approach is validated experimentally on a beam structure under varying temperature conditions in a climate chamber. Compared to other approaches, the interpolation approach leads to significantly less false positive alarms in the reference state when the structure is exposed to different temperatures, while faults can still be detected reliably. T2 - 10th International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure, SHMII 10 CY - Online meeting DA - 30.06.2021 KW - Damage detection KW - Subspace methods KW - Temperature effects KW - Model interpolation KW - Climate chamber KW - Laboratory beam structure PY - 2021 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-52999 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ritz, Sebastian A1 - Loewe, Anna A1 - Bauer, Jan T1 - Specialties of HAZID-Study for Large Unmanned Underwater Vehicles N2 - This paper scopes the specialties of a hazard identification study for large and extra-large unmanned undersea vehicles (UUVs). A generic node/function structure is derived from different large and extra-large UUV designs, partially own vehicle designs from research projects, and partially from commercial vehicles. For each node, a short overview of its components and the proper function or operations is defined. A set of guide words is used to prompt a hazard discussion for each node, which identifies unwanted functions, resulting in potential hazards and unmitigated consequences. Related to the SafeMASS-Report from DNV, this work concentrates on selected topics of the bridge-related function on voyage, control & monitoring, and abnormal situations. For unmanned vehicles without any person on board, these three topics become more important for underwater vehicles with very limited connectivity or temporary disruptions of communication whereby an operator in a remote-control center could only be provided with rough vehicle or mission states. Therefore, vehicle control, whether in hard- or software, must handle most tasks belonging to the considered functions automatically or autonomously. Hence, the most appropriate reactions of the system to unwanted system behavior must be implemented. This HAZID study could, on the one hand, be used as background for such an implementation, and on the other hand, it is used to verify the implemented actions on the risks and hazards. T2 - OCEANS 2023 - Limerick CY - Limerick, Ireland DA - 05.06.2023 KW - Autonomous underwater vehicles KW - HAZID KW - Risk-based design KW - Safety KW - Cyber security PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSLimerick52467.2023.10244358 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - IEEE AN - OPUS4-59099 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Some resonance effects of non-typical trains and railway bridges investigated by a frequency-domain method N2 - The resonances of railway bridges have often been analysed for short bridges under periodical high-speed trains, for simply supported one-span bridges, for the fundamental bridge mode, and by time-domain analyses. Many time-consuming calculations have been performed to establish simplified rules for standards. In this contribution, the passage of different (existing, new and hypothetic) trains over different bridges will be analysed in frequency domain by using three separated spectra with the purpose to get a better physical insight in the phenomena. At first, the excitation spectrum of the modal forces is built by the mode shape and the passage time of the train over the bridge. The second spectrum is the frequency response function of the bridge which include the modal frequency, damping and mass. The third part is the spectrum of the axle sequence of an arbitrary train which is not limited to periodical or specific (conventional, articulated, regular or standard) trains and which does not include any bridge parameters. The final solution in frequency domain is obtained as the product of these three complex, strongly varying spectra for the dominating bridge mode or in general as the sum of these products over all relevant bridge modes. The time domain solution is obtained via the inverse Fourier transform, and the resulting time histories have been successfully compared with some measurement results. The method is applied to the vertical and torsional modes of a mid-long 1-span bridge on elastomeric bearings under standard train speeds, and to a long multi-span integral bridge under long periodical freight trains. Different resonance and cancellation effects have been found for systematically varied train speeds according to the axle sequence of the whole train which is dominated by the two locomotives in that case. To be more specific, the first torsional mode of the mid-span bridge is excited for a train speed of 100 km/h whereas the second bending mode is excited for a train speed of 160 km/h. In both cases, the other mode is suppressed by the minima of the axle-distance spectra. In addition, the case of the German high-speed train ICE4 and the very high-speed hyperloop case will be discussed briefly. In general, it is shown that resonance effects are also worth to be studied for freight and passenger trains with lower speeds. T2 - XII International Conference on Structural Dynamics CY - Delft, The Netherlands DA - 03.07.2023 KW - Railway bridge KW - Transfer function KW - Modal force spectrum KW - Axle-sequence spectrum KW - Freight train KW - Passenger train KW - High-speed train KW - 2-span bridge KW - Long-span bridge PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - TU Delft CY - Delft AN - OPUS4-57961 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Soil-foundation-structure problems related to train induced vibrations - the kinematic interaction of tunnel excited pile foundations and the inertial interaction of high rise buildings N2 - The soil-foundation-structure interaction is always important when building vibrations due to train passages have to be considered. The frequency range for train vibrations is up to 100 Hz. Normally, soft surface soils are crucial so that the wavelength can be much smaller than the foundation dimensions. Three topics are of interest for the prediction and the under-standing of building vibrations. 1. The „kinematic interaction“ or the „added foundation ef-fect“, which is calculated either by the combined boundary-element finite-element method or by the wavenumber domain method, results in a reduction of the free-field vibration. The stiff-ness of the foundation resists the wave deformation, plates and walls for horizontally propa-gating waves or piles for vertically incident waves. 2. The „inertial interaction“ or the „added building effect“ yields an amplification around the vertical building resonance, which may be a rigid mode on the compliant soil or a flexible mode for high-rise buildings, and a reduction at higher frequencies. This has been analysed by detailed finite element models of apartment and office buildings. 3. Base isolation is a method to further reduce building vibrations. It is important to know the soil-foundation impedance for the possible reduction, as well as the correct building impedance. A high-rise building cannot be considered as a rigid mass model. It has a frequency-dependent behaviour with longitudinal waves travelling from the founda-tion to the top of the building which include the effect of floor vibrations. Experiences from building projects in Vienna, Frankfort and Berlin will give some additional results for the ex-citation from tunnel lines, the kinematic response of pile foundations, and the inertial re-sponse of the flexible multi-storey buildings. T2 - COMPDYN 2023 CY - Athen, Greece DA - 12.06.2023 KW - Kinematic Interaction KW - Inertial Interaction KW - Surface Foundation KW - Pile Foundation KW - High-Rise Building PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - NTUA CY - Athens AN - OPUS4-57959 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fiedler, Georg A1 - Hering, Marcus A1 - Schubert, T. A1 - Bracklow, F. A1 - Nerger, Deborah A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Beckmann, B. ED - Wuttke, F. ED - Aji, H. ED - Özarmut, A. T1 - Schädigung von Stahlbetonplatten infolge eines harten Anpralls - Vergleich von halb-empirischen Methoden und experimentellen Ergebnissen N2 - Schutzbauwerke von systemkritischen Infrastruktureinrichtungen wie Betonwände und Betonbarrieren müssen Anprallereignissen oder schweren Unfällen in einem vertretbaren Maße widerstehen können. Anprallereignisse können verschiedenster Natur sein. Hierzu zählen Steinschlag, Fahrzeug- oder Flugzeuganprall oder auch Geschosseinschlag. Geschosseinschläge bzw. Bei den Anprall- oder Impaktereignissen wird zwischen hartem und weichem Anprall unterschieden, bei hartem Anprall verformt sich der Anprallkörper nicht oder nur geringfügig, bei weichem Anprall stark. In diesem Artikel werden Forschungsergebnisse zum harten Anprall auf bewehrte Stahlbetonplatten vorgestellt, welche über die letzten Jahre im Rahmen eines Kooperationsprojekts zwischen dem Institut für Massivbau (IMB) der Technischen Universität Dresden (TUD) und der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) durchgeführt wurden. Auf dem Gelände des Otto-Mohr-Labors (OML) der TUD steht hierfür ein speziell konzipierter Fallturm zur Verfügung. Der Aufbau im Fallturm lässt aktuell druckluftbeschleunigte Impaktversuche mit mittleren Anprallgeschwindigkeiten zu. Die durch Anprall geschädigten Stahlbetonplatten wurden anschließend bei der BAM mit Strahlung tomographisch untersucht. Diese Untersuchungen ermöglichen einen Blick auf die Schädigung und Rissstruktur im Inneren der Stahlbetonplatten. Ein Schwerpunkt der durchgeführten Untersuchung ist der Vergleich von Testergebnissen mit den häufig angewendeten halbempirischen Berechnungsmethoden zu den erforderlichen Wandstärken und den sich daraus ergebenden zulässigen Anprallgeschwindigkeiten. Bei diesem Vorgehen wird auch die mit analytischen Methoden abschätzbare Durchdringungsgeschwindigkeit bzw. Austrittgeschwindigkeit eines Projektils ermittelt und mit den realen Testergebnissen verglichen. Außerdem wird der Einfluss von sowohl externen als auch internen Strukturparametern auf Risse betrachtet und ein Fazit abgeleitet. Weiterhin werden laufende und zukünftige wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Anprall auf Betonstrukturen am IMB und der BAM genannt. T2 - 18. D-A-CH-Tagung CY - Kiel, Germany DA - 13.09.2023 KW - Impakt KW - Harter Anprall an Stahlbetonstrukturen KW - Fallturm PY - 2023 SN - 978-3-930108-15-1 SP - 471 EP - 479 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Erdbebeningenieurwesen und Baudynamik (DGEB) e.V. AN - OPUS4-58341 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baeßler, Matthias A1 - Simon, Patrick ED - Cunha, Álvaro ED - Caetano, Elsa T1 - Review of Ballasted Track Destabilization on Shake Table Tests N2 - Shake table tests have been used for a long time to understand the densification and fluidization of granular materials. While purely vertical shaking is quite unlikely to be found in vibration analysis when it comes to granular materials as soils, it has been found that the vertical vibration of railway bridge support structures can affect the fabric of the ballasted track on top. Starting from the experience at French railway lines with destabilizing track conditions on short bridges in high speed lines in the 1990s, various shake table test configurations have been used to investigate the destabiliza-tion of ballast at high acceleration levels. This article describes the effects of the variously investigated dynamic excitations of railway bridges on the bal-lasted track itself. T2 - 11th International Conference on Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Engineering Structures (EVACES 2025) CY - Porto, Portugal DA - 02.07.2025 KW - Infrastructure KW - Ballasted track KW - Ballast KW - Railway bridge dynamics PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-031-96105-2 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-96106-9_62 SP - 595 EP - 604 PB - Springer CY - Cham AN - OPUS4-64265 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Patrick A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Baeßler, Matthias A1 - El-Athman, Rukeia T1 - Research Data Management of Structural Health Monitoring Projects and Subsequent Applications of Artificial Intelligence Methods N2 - Structural health monitoring (SHM) intends to improve the management of engineering structures. The number of successful SHM projects – especially SHM research projects – is ever growing, yielding added value and more scientific insight into the management of infrastructure asset. With the advent of the data age, the value of accessible data becomes increasingly evident. In SHM, many new data-centric methods are currently being developed at a high pace. A consequent application of research data management (RDM) concepts in SHM projects enables a systematic management of raw and processed data, and thus facilitates the development and application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods to the SHM data. In this contribution, a case study based on an institutional RDM framework is presented. Data and metadata from monitoring the structural health of the Maintalbrücke Gemünden for a period of 16 months are managed with the RDM system BAM Data Store, which makes use of the openBIS data management software. An ML procedure is used to classify the data. Feature engineering, feature training and resulting data are performed and modelled in the RDM system. T2 - 11th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management (IABMAS2022) CY - Barcelona, Spain DA - 11.07.2022 KW - Research data management KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Artificial intelligence PY - 2022 SN - 978-1-032-35623-5 SN - 978-1-003-32264-1 DO - https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003322641-127 SP - 1061 EP - 1068 PB - CRC Press CY - Boca Raton AN - OPUS4-55493 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Thiele, Marc A1 - Makris, Ralf ED - Aign, J. T1 - Reinforcement bar and reinforcement bar splicing systems under impact loading – Experimental tests and test specification N2 - Reinforced concrete is a widely used material for power generation structures, where load scenarios like impact loadings need to be considered. In this context mechanical splicing systems for the connection of reinforcement bars are of specific interest and impact resistance for the splicing systems has to be verified. High speed tensile tests need to be performed on splicing systems for reinforcement bars to confirm the capability of the coupler to resist impact loading. Furthermore, the ability of the reinforcement steel to dissipate energy by ductile behaviour with pronounced plastic strains should be confirmed by these tests. During the last decades comprehensive experiences were developed at BAM performing high speed tensile tests on reinforcement bars as well as on several splicing systems. For the lack of available standards defining these tests in detail an appropriate test procedure was developed and continuously optimized during this period at BAM. The test procedure is partially based on testing principles adapted from available standards. The main intention behind this test procedure is to perform high-speed tensile tests with a specific constant strain rate generated at the specimen. Furthermore, main objective was to establish a procedure to guarantee the comparability of test results for different diameter of reinforcement as well as for different types of couplers. Besides the pure execution of the high-speed tensile tests, the test specification also declares how to evaluate the measurements and the test results. Finally, some typical results will be presented in this contribution. T2 - SMIRT 26 CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.07.2022 KW - Impact KW - Coupler systems KW - High-speed KW - Reinforcement PY - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-55422 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Reduction of ground-induced building vibrations by kinematic and inertial soil-structure interac-tion and by base isolation N2 - Many buildings on the soil have been measured and the transfer function freefield-to-building is ana-lysed. In general, an amplification at low frequencies, an amplification for the floor resonances, and a reduction for higher frequencies can be observed. Most of the measurement examples show a flexible behaviour along the height of the buildings. The prediction of building vibration consists typically of three steps. At first, the dynamic stiffness of the foundation and secondly the kinematic soil-structure interaction has to be calculated for example by the combined finite-element boundary-element meth-od. The stiffness of the foundation reduces the incoming waves (the kinematic interaction). Finally, the inertial interaction of the building with the foundation soil is calculated by the conventional finite ele-ment method where the dynamic foundation stiffness from the first step is added at the bottom of the building. The building on the compliant soil has a fundamental vertical resonance usually below 10 Hz. A parametrical variation clearly shows the influence of the elasticity of the building on this reso-nance frequency and amplitude. Moreover for column-type office buildings, the low-frequency floor resonances can further reduce this fundamental frequency. A 1-dimensional model has been estab-lished which can well approximate the behaviour of the 3-dimensional building models. It is used to demonstrate the effect of a base isolation with soft elements at the foundation. A rigid building model clearly over-estimates the isolation effect, which is smaller for a model with flexible walls, columns and floors. An even simpler model of an infinitely high building is suggested for the mitigation effect, and the resonance frequency of the rigid building should be replaced by a better performance indica-tor, which is based on the impedance ratio of the isolation and the wall and which can be also ex-pressed as a characteristic frequency. T2 - 30th International Congress on Sound and Vibration CY - Amsterdam, Netherlands DA - 08.07.2024 KW - Building vibrations KW - Base isolation KW - Foundation stiffness KW - Kinematic soil-structure interaction KW - Transfer functions of flexible buildings PY - 2024 SN - 978-90-90-39058-1 SN - 2329-3675 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-61245 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Railway-induced ground and building vibrations – Analysis in frequency-wavenumber domain and fast prediction with approximate models N2 - A simple and fast prediction scheme is presented for train-induced ground and building vibrations. For the emission, finite-element boundary-element or multiple-beam-on-continuous-soil models of the track have been analysed and approximated by faster track-on-Winkler-soil models. The vehicle-track interaction due to irregularities yields the excitation forces. For the transmission of waves in the soil, the wavenumber integral of the compliance of layered soils has been evaluated. The calculation time is reduced for the prediction by using the solution of a homogeneous half-space with a frequency-dependent wave velocity (the dispersion) of the soil. For the immision, many 2 and 3-dimenisonal finite-element building models have been investigated, and a good approximation has been established by a 1-dimensional soil-wall-floor model. In addition, the axle sequence of the train, the quasi-static and the “scattered” response of the soil, and the wave propagation from a tunnel to a pile foundation of a building have been included. T2 - ISMA-Conference 2022 CY - Leuven, Belgium DA - 12.09.2022 KW - Ground vibration KW - Simple prediction KW - Vehicle-track interaction KW - Layered soil KW - Soil-building interaction KW - Soil-wall-floor model KW - Propagation from a tunnel KW - Tunnel-pile transfer PY - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - KU Leuven CY - Leuven AN - OPUS4-56603 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Railway vibration – fast physics-based models for the prediction of ground vibration and the identification of track damage N2 - The following applications of machine learning will be discussed: 1. The prediction of the wave propagation from a railway line (completely physics based for surface lines, physics-based machine learning for tunnel lines) 2. The track behaviour for the emission of train-induced ground vibration (physics based for homogeneous soil, machine learning for layered soil) 3. Track damage detection and quantification from frequency response functions and moving load responses 4. Bridge damage detection and localisation from modal analysis and moving load 5. The use of axle-box acceleration for the identification of track/sub-soil condition and bridge resonances. The prediction of railway vibration usually needs time-consuming finite element, boundary element and wavenumber domain calculations. For a user-friendly prediction software however, fast calculations are needed. Several time-consuming detailed calculations have been used to develop simpler and fast models for the surface railway lines. The more challenging prediction from tunnel lines will be attacked by purely mathematical and by physics-informed machine learning. The dynamic stiffnesses of isolated or un-isolated railway tracks from detailed calculations with a continuous soil have been approximated with the simpler Winkler soil. The vehicle-track resonance (P2 resonance) rules the effect of the mitigation measures, and it can also be used for the on-board monitoring of the track and sub-soil condition. For the identification of track damage such as gaps between sleepers, track slabs and layers, detailed models with a continuous soil have been updated to get the best fit to the measured frequency response functions from hammer tests and the deformation pattern from the moving load response. Whereas the track damage can be locally identified, this is more difficult for bridges where the modal analysis gives mainly global information. The influence lines of the inclination for statically passing vehicles (locomotive, truck, compaction roller) have been used to localise bridge damage (stiffness variations). The on-board monitoring of rail bridges needs special conditions (regular trains with special speeds) to excite and measure the bridge resonance. T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (EWSHM 2024) CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.06.2024 KW - Vibration prediction KW - Track damage detection KW - Human and machine learning KW - Wave propagation KW - Surface line KW - Tunnel KW - Bridge resonance PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612462 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29865 SN - 1435-4934 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - NDT.net CY - Kirchwald AN - OPUS4-61246 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maack, Jürgen A1 - Eidenmüller, Moritz A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Prognose von Erschütterungs- und Sekundärschall- Immissionen an Bahnlinien unter Verwendung von FEM Gebäudemodellen N2 - Die Errichtung von Wohngebäuden an Bahnstrecken erfordert Betrachtungen zur Begrenzung der Erschütterungs- und Sekundärschallimmissionen. Hierzu werden spektrale Prognoseverfahren ausgehend von Freifeldmessungen eingesetzt. Im rechnerischen Modell werden die Teilaspekte der Körperschallübertragung mit Hilfe von spektralen Übertragungsfunktionen beschrieben. Kenntnis über die Zusammenhänge dieser spektralen Übertragungsfunktionen erhält man im Wechselspiel von: - Messergebnissen von Körperschall- und Luftschallmessungen für einzelne Übertragungssysteme - Modellberechnungen mit der Finite-Elemente-Methode, Parameterstudien, Abgleich mit Messergebnissen - Modellberechnung mit der Finite-Elemente-Methode zur Wechselwirkung des schwimmenden Estrichs mit dem Gebäude T2 - VDI-Tagung Baudynamik CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 02.04.2025 KW - Bahnerschütterungen KW - Gebäudemodelle KW - Schwimmender Estrich KW - Sekundärschall PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-18-092447-2 SN - 0083-5560 VL - 2447 SP - 301 EP - 314 PB - VDI-Verlag CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-62887 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -