TY - CONF A1 - Schneider, Ronald T1 - Structural integrity management research at BAM N2 - This presentation provides an overview on the structural integrity management research at BAM. In addition, a framework for monitoring and risk-informed inspection and maintenance planning for offshore steel structures is presented. T2 - Structural Health Monitoring Using Statistical Pattern Recognition CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.03.2023 KW - Structural integrity KW - Monitoring KW - Maintenance KW - Inspeciton KW - Bridges KW - Offshore wind PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57864 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Some resonance effects of non-typical trains and railway bridges investigated by a frequency-domain method N2 - The resonances of railway bridges have often been analysed for short bridges under periodical high-speed trains, for simply supported one-span bridges, for the fundamental bridge mode, and by time-domain analyses. Many time-consuming calculations have been performed to establish simplified rules for standards. In this contribution, the passage of different (existing, new and hypothetic) trains over different bridges will be analysed in frequency domain by using three separated spectra with the purpose to get a better physical insight in the phenomena. At first, the excitation spectrum of the modal forces is built by the mode shape and the passage time of the train over the bridge. The second spectrum is the frequency response function of the bridge which include the modal frequency, damping and mass. The third part is the spectrum of the axle sequence of an arbitrary train which is not limited to periodical or specific (conventional, articulated, regular or standard) trains and which does not include any bridge parameters. The final solution in frequency domain is obtained as the product of these three complex, strongly varying spectra for the dominating bridge mode or in general as the sum of these products over all relevant bridge modes. The time domain solution is obtained via the inverse Fourier transform, and the resulting time histories have been successfully compared with some measurement results. The method is applied to the vertical and torsional modes of a mid-long 1-span bridge on elastomeric bearings under standard train speeds, and to a long multi-span integral bridge under long periodical freight trains. Different resonance and cancellation effects have been found for systematically varied train speeds according to the axle sequence of the whole train which is dominated by the two locomotives in that case. To be more specific, the first torsional mode of the mid-span bridge is excited for a train speed of 100 km/h whereas the second bending mode is excited for a train speed of 160 km/h. In both cases, the other mode is suppressed by the minima of the axle-distance spectra. In addition, the case of the German high-speed train ICE4 and the very high-speed hyperloop case will be discussed briefly. In general, it is shown that resonance effects are also worth to be studied for freight and passenger trains with lower speeds. T2 - EURODYN 2023 XII International Conference on Structural Dynamics CY - Delft, Netherlands DA - 03.07.2023 KW - Railway bridge KW - Transfer fuction KW - Modal load spectrum KW - Axle-sequence spectrum KW - Freight train KW - Passenger train KW - High-speed train KW - 2-span bridge PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57955 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Train-induced ground vibrations – The emission and transmission from tunnel and surface lines N2 - Train-induced ground vibrations are quite different for tunnel and surface lines. The excitation of the track and ground vibration by the vehicle-track-soil interaction maybe influenced by the stiffer track support of the tunnel invert. The excited waves are propagating on a different path compared to the surface line. The wave propagation in the interior of the soil is calculated by a wavenumber integral in a similar way as the propagation along the surface and a general reduction of < 0.5 has been found. An additional reduction has been found because of the missing Rayleigh wave. The different excitation of tunnel lines is analysed theoretically by the combined finite-element boundary-element method and some results about the influencing tunnel and soil parameters will be shown. Measurements have been made at the Mühlberg-Tunnel in Germany. The vibrations of the train, the track and the soil have been measured simultaneously at the tunnel and a nearby surface line. Spectra will be shown for different train speeds between 60 and 160 km/h. A clear reduction effect for the tunnel line compared to the surface line has been observed in a specific (train-speed-dependent) frequency range. This agrees well with the observations of other research institutes. The mid-frequency tunnel-surface reduction seems to be a consequence of the stiffer track structure which leads to a wider distribution of the axle loads. Therefore, the axle impulses due to the train passage are longer and have a lower frequency content. This will have an effect on the ground vibrations at some distance which are present in case of an irregular transmission path through a ballast and soil with varying stiffness. A similar reduction effect can also be found for other track forms where the axle impulses are distributed on a longer track segment, for example slab tracks, tracks with under ballast plates, under ballast mats or under sleeper pads. T2 - 29th International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV29) CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 09.07.2023 KW - Ground vibration KW - Railway tunnel KW - Layered soil KW - Surface-tunnel reduction KW - Measurements PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57956 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz A1 - Said, Samir T1 - Damage detection by flexibility functions and quasi-static moving load tests N2 - The contribution shows measurement examples of cars, floors, foundations, railway tracks, a footbridge, and a railbridge. Vibrations may include modes and waves. Namely in soil-structure interaction, modes are damped, shifted and prevented so that alternatives for the modal analysis are necessary: The approximation of the whole spectrum (flexibility function) and of the whole train passage (moving-load response). T2 - Symposium Emerging Trends in Bridge Damage Detection, Localization and Quantification CY - Luxembourg, Luxembourg DA - 05.05.2023 KW - Flexibility KW - Movin load test KW - Frequency response function KW - Cars KW - Floors KW - Foundations KW - Railway tracks KW - Footbridge KW - Railbridge KW - Damage detection PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57951 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Frequenz- und bodenabhängige Prognose und Minderung von Bahnerschütterungen N2 - Die Prognose und Minderung von Bahnerschütterungen haben eine lange Tradition in der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung. Im Jahr 2006 wurde eine Prognose-Software fertiggestellt, die viele Forschungs- und Messergebnisse zusammenfasst. Sie umfasst die Teilbereiche Emission (die Anregung durch die Fahrzeug-Fahrweg-Untergrund-Wechselwirkung), die Transmission (die Ausbreitung durch den Boden) und die Immission (die Übertragung vom Freifeld in ein Gebäude). Die Prognose geschieht in allen Teilen mit einfachen Formeln, die veröffentlicht sind und zur Anwendung für Jedermann zur Verfügung stehen. Es werden Beispiele zur Emission und zur Transmission gezeigt. Im Bereich Transmissionsprognose werden zu den Anregungskräften (aus dem Emissionsteil) die Bodenerschütterungen als Schwinggeschwindigkeitsterzspektren berechnet. Das Ergebnis hängt stark von der Bodensteifigkeit, -dämpfung und -schichtung ab. Dies wurde später mit einer Messkampagne in der Schweiz an 10 Messorten bestätigt (Bild 1). Die Berechnung erfolgt näherungsweise für einen geschichteten Boden mit einer frequenzabhängigen Wellengeschwindigkeit (Dispersion) oder einem tiefenabhängigen Wellengeschwindigkeitsprofil. Die Anregungskräfte werden im Prognosebereich Emission mit einem 2-dimensionalen Gleismodell berechnet (Bild 2). 1-dimensionale Modelle liefern meist falsche Ergebnisse und 3-dimensionale Modelle (zum Beispiel mit der kombinierten Finite-Element-Randelement-Methode) sind für eine Erschütterungs¬prognose sicherlich zu aufwändig. Das 2-dimensionale Modell wurde an 3-dimensionale Ergebnisse so angepasst, dass die Ergebnisse für viele Gleise und Böden annähernd zutreffen. Auch Minderungs¬maßnahmen am Gleis können mit diesem Modell sehr gut berechnet werden. Die Prognoseverfahren wurden in den folgenden Jahren weiter verfeinert. Es wurde die quasi-statische Anregung durch die bewegten statischen Zuglasten mit einer Näherungsformel ergänzt, so dass auch das tieffrequente Nahfeld realistisch erfasst werden kann. Mit der Berücksichtigung der Achsfolge (insbesondere zwischen den Achsen im Drehgestell) ergeben sich zwei typische Minima in den Erschütterungsspektren, die oft auch in den Messungen beobachtet werden. Der Amplitudenanteil zwischen diesen beiden Minima ist oft stärker angehoben, so dass hier eine zusätzliche Erschütterungsanregung vermutet wird. Dieser Anteil kann rein empirisch prognostiziert werden, so wie das in den englischen Prognosen (zuletzt für das Highspeed2-Projekt) enthalten ist. Die Begründung dieses Anteils ist allerdings nicht die Achsfolge, sondern die Zerstreuung der statischen Achslastimpulse durch einen unregelmäßigen Gleisuntergrund und Boden. Die messtechnische Ermittlung eines Minderungseffektes ist komplizierter als allgemein angenommen. Es reicht nicht aus, jeweils an einem Messpunkt in der Nähe eines Gleises mit und ohne Minderungs¬maßnahme die Erschütterungen zu messen und aus dem Verhältnis der Amplituden (beziehungsweise aus der Differenz der Pegel) „die Einfügedämmung“ zu ermitteln. Es wird an Beispielen gezeigt, wie man hier sinnvoller vorgehen kann. 1. Zunächst ist es wichtig, nicht nur die Einfügedämmung sondern auch die Originalspektren mit und ohne Minderung zu dokumentieren und zu veröffentlichen, damit man kontrollieren kann, ob wesentliche Amplituden und Frequenzbereiche reduziert sind oder ob es sich um eher zufällige Minderungen oder Verstärkungen handelt. (Beispiel Unterschottermatte/Raron, Müller/SBB) 2. Der Messpunkt sollte nicht im Nahbereich des Gleises liegen, da ansonsten eine zu günstige, falsche Einfügedämmung bestimmt wird. (Beispiel Tunnel/ Leipzig/Breitsamter) 3. Um Zufälligkeiten zu vermeiden, sollte man an mehr als einem Punkt messen. (Beispiel Unterschotterplatte/Altheim/Auersch) 4. Man sollte eigentlich immer auch die Bodenkennwerte (Steifigkeit, Dämpfung, Amplituden-abnahme, Übertagungsfunktion) messen. Selbst bei nahegelegene Messquerschnitten kann man Überraschungen erleben. (Beispiel erste ICE-Messungen/bei Würzburg/Auersch) 5. Bei verschiedenen Bodenkennwerten kann man eine Korrektur durchführen. (Beispiel Gleis-tröge/Mistler) Am besten bestimmt man ein äquivalentes Kraftspektrum zu jedem Messort und jedem Messzug (Beispiel Feste Fahrbahn/Gardelegen/Auersch) 6. Prinzipiell gibt es nicht die Einfügedämmung einer Maßnahme. Die Einfügedämmung ist immer boden- und referenzsystemabhängig. Die „beste“ Einfügungsdämmung erhält man mit einem steifen Untergrund (Beispiel Unterschottermatte/Tunnel/München Gasteig/Wettschureck) Das heißt aber nicht, dass die Maßnahme durch einen künstlich versteiften Untergrund besser wird (Beispiel Unterschottermatten/RRT2006/Auersch) Es werden Messbeispiele gezeigt, die alle neben einer hochfrequenten dynamischen Minderung auch eine mittelfrequente quasi-statische Minderung aufweisen. Dabei wird der mittelfrequente Zerstreuanteil der statischen Achslastimpulse durch die breitere Lastverteilung und damit die Impulsdehnung der Achslastimpulse reduziert. Diese Impulsdehnung lässt sich mit dem 2-dimensionalen Gleismodell berechnen. Die Minderungswirkung hängt aber wiederum vom Referenzsystem und dessen unregel¬mäßiger Steifigkeitsverteilung ab. Je unregelmäßiger der Boden und Gleisuntergrund des Referenz¬systems, desto stärker ist die Minderungswirkung. T2 - 24. Symposium für Baudynamik und Erschütterungsmessungen CY - Dübendorf, Switzerland DA - 09.06.2023 KW - Bahnerschütterungen KW - Erschütterungsprognose KW - Erschütterungsminderung KW - Elastische Gleiselemente KW - Gleiströge KW - zerstreute Achslastimpulse PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57952 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Soil-foundation-structure problems related to train induced vibrations - the kinematic interaction of tunnel excited pile foundations and the inertial interaction of high rise buildings N2 - The soil-foundation-structure interaction is always important when building vibrations due to train passages have to be considered. The frequency range for train vibrations is up to 100 Hz. Normally, soft surface soils are crucial so that the wavelength can be much smaller than the foundation dimensions. Three topics are of interest for the prediction and the under-standing of building vibrations. 1. The „kinematic interaction“ or the „added foundation ef-fect“, which is calculated either by the combined boundary-element finite-element method or by the wavenumber domain method, results in a reduction of the free-field vibration. The stiff-ness of the foundation resists the wave deformation, plates and walls for horizontally propa-gating waves or piles for vertically incident waves. 2. The „inertial interaction“ or the „added building effect“ yields an amplification around the vertical building resonance, which may be a rigid mode on the compliant soil or a flexible mode for high-rise buildings, and a reduction at higher frequencies. This has been analysed by detailed finite element models of apartment and office buildings. 3. Base isolation is a method to further reduce building vibrations. It is important to know the soil-foundation impedance for the possible reduction, as well as the correct building impedance. A high-rise building cannot be considered as a rigid mass model. It has a frequency-dependent behaviour with longitudinal waves travelling from the founda-tion to the top of the building which include the effect of floor vibrations. Experiences from building projects in Vienna, Frankfort and Berlin will give some additional results for the ex-citation from tunnel lines, the kinematic response of pile foundations, and the inertial re-sponse of the flexible multi-storey buildings. T2 - Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COMPDYN 2023) CY - Athens, Greece DA - 12.06.2023 KW - Soil-pile interaction KW - Pile groups KW - Kinematic interaction KW - Inertial interaction KW - High-rise buildings KW - Base isolation PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57954 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cuéllar, Pablo T1 - Deep foundations for offshore wind turbines - 1st part: axial behavior T1 - Cimentaciones profundas para aerogeneradores marinos. 1a parte: Comportamiento axial N2 - This presentation deals with the phenomenology and design of pile foundations for offshore wind turbines, and is divided into two lectures. The first lecture presents a brief introduction to the context and peculiarities of such foundations, and then focuses on the particular case of axially loaded piles. This part is most relevant for the relatively slender piles of the multi-pile substructures (i.e. jackets and tripods). A clear distinction between physical phenomenology and practical design is drawn here. T2 - Masters course on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Geotechnical Laboratory of CEDEX CY - Online meeting DA - 17.03.2023 KW - Pile foundations KW - Offshore wind turbines KW - Physical phenomenology KW - Design methods KW - Numerical modelling KW - Physical testing PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57176 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cuéllar, Pablo T1 - Deep foundations for offshore wind turbines - 2nd part: lateral behavior & advanced topics T1 - Cimentaciones profundas para aerogeneradores marinos. 2a parte: Comportamiento Lateral + Temática avanzada N2 - This presentation deals with the phenomenology and design of pile foundations for offshore wind turbines, and is divided into two lectures. The second lecture continues with the case of laterally loaded offshore piles, which bears most relevance for the case of the monopile foundations. Here again, a clear separation between physical reality and design methods is intended. Finally, the last part of the second lecture introduces several advanced topics which lie outside the classical design approaches, namely the hydromechanical coupling effects (i.e. the excess pore-pressure generation around the monopiles), the cyclic pile fatigue and the so-called pile setup (i.e. the time effects on the axial pile capacity). The relevance of the latter two topics is illustrated with experimental results from a field testing campaign on real large-scale piles. T2 - Masters course on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Geotechnical Laboratory of CEDEX CY - Online meeting DA - 17.03.2023 KW - Pile foundations KW - Offshore wind turbines KW - Physical phenomenology KW - Design methods KW - Numerical modelling KW - Physical testing PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57178 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Stolpe, Heiko A1 - Wiehle, Philipp T1 - Moisture diffusion affected by the Knudsen effect in temporal changing pore networks N2 - Almost all building materials in civil engineering have an open porosity and interact with or are affected by the environmental conditions. Structures might suffer from effects such as moisture adsorption, carbonation, corrosion, penetration of salt ions and chemical substances, etc. In the hygroscopic range, these processes are mostly driven by diffusion. Due to the confinement of small pores ( 1 m), the Knudsen effect reduces the molecular diffusion. This reduction can become more significant in case of temporal changing pore systems because of physisorption of water vapor, carbonation, or chemisorption. In this study, unstabilised earth blocks and earth masonry are investigated. In a first step, the pore size distribution of the blocks is measured and sorption isotherms are recorded in experiments. Besides the ordinary physisorption, the involved clay minerals undergo swelling or shrinking due to chemisorption. The following two effects must be considered: first, the reduction of the available pore space by the adsorbed water layer. For this, the Hillerborg sorption theory is used, which is a combination of the well-known Brunauer-Emmett-Teller sorption theory and the Kelvin equation. This allows the computation of adsorbed water layers even in curved pore geometries. Second, the variation of the initial pore size distribution due to chemisorption needs to be modelled. Based on these two models, the effective diffusion coefficient can be predicted. For validation, arrays of relative humidity sensors were embedded into a free-standing earth masonry wall. This monitoring was carried out over more than a year to have a broad variety of environmental conditions and was located in Berlin, Germany. The prediction of the effective diffusion coefficient can also be transferred to other processes and allows the investigation of materials having temporarily changing pore systems. Examples are the carbonation of cementitious materials, alkali silica reaction, calcium leaching of long-lasting structures, etc. This effect becomes most prominent in the meso-pore range and might alter the effective diffusion coefficient by more than 100 %. T2 - 4th International Congress on Materials & Structural Stability CY - Rabat, Morocco DA - 08.03.2023 KW - Earth masonry KW - Material moisture KW - Molecular diffusion KW - Chemisoprtion KW - Knudsen effect KW - Physisorption PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57140 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baeßler, Matthias A1 - Schneider, Ronald T1 - OWEC repowering from a structural engineering and research perspective N2 - A significant number of new wind farms has to be installed and, at the same time, existing wind farms reaching the end of their planned life need to be reused efficiently to ensure that the ambitous goals for deploying offshore wind are met. Some relevant reuse alternatives for offshore wind farms are lifetime extension, repowering utilizing existing substructures and full replacement. In this presentation - starting from experience gained from extending the lifetime of the of the U1 metro viaduct in Berlin - we discuss end-of-life decision making in offshore wind. We focus particularly on issues concerning substructures and highlight existing challenges and opprtunities in research and development. T2 - RWE RePowering Event CY - Wilhelmshaven, Germany DA - 10.10.2023 KW - Offshore wind KW - End-of-life decision making KW - Repowering KW - Substructures PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58632 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schepers, Winfried A1 - Kulke, Dennis T1 - Korrelationen zwischen Sondierungen und dynamischen Bodeneigenschaften N2 - Wir zeigen, dass bei homogenen ausgeprägt sandartigen Böden mit statistisch ermittelten Korrelationen die dynamischen Bodensteifigkeiten mit einer Genauigkeit abgeschätzt werden können, die mit der Ungenauigkeit der seismischen Verfahren übereinstimmt. Mit zunehmenden Feinkornanteil werden die Unsicherheiten der statistischen Korrelationen größer. Bei stark überkonsolidierten glazialen Böden sollte von der Anwendung empirischer Korrelationen Abstand genommen werden. T2 - 18. D-A-CH-Tagung für Erdbebeningenieurwesen und Baudynamik CY - Kiel, Germany DA - 14.09.2023 KW - Baugrunddynamik KW - Dynamische Bodenkennwerte KW - Statistische Korrelationen PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58581 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schepers, Winfried A1 - Brinkgreve, Ronald A1 - Appel, Silke T1 - Cone penetration tests and dynamic soil properties N2 - Current standards like ISO 14837-32:2015 and DIN EN 1998-1/NA:2021 as well as prEN 1997-2:2022 allow for using correlations between the results of in-situ soil penetration tests and shear wave velocity (or shear modulus) to determine soil properties to be used in dynamic analyses. While the ISO and prEN standards even provide some recommendations on specific correlations to be used, the DIN standard does not. Due to the statistical nature of such correlations their general applicability has to be verified. We collected data sets from test sites from Germany as well as New Zealand at which cone penetration tests (CPT) as well as seismic site investigation methods were conducted. These sites comprise sandy soils as well as clayey soils, mixed soils as well as glacial soils. We compare the results of several correlations between CPT results and shear wave velocity. The accuracy of such correlations is assessed with respect to the accuracy of seismic in-situ tests. It turns out that for clean sands such correlations between CPT and Vs have a similar order of variability as seismic in-situ tests conducted at the same site. The higher the fines portion of the soil, the higher the variability of the statistical correlations, and consequently the less the general applicability. For glacial soils and other special soil types usage of statistical correlations to determine dynamic soil properties is not recommended. T2 - Eurodyn 2023 CY - Delft, Netherlands DA - 02.07.2023 KW - Dynamic soil properties KW - Statistical correlations PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58582 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schepers, Winfried A1 - Brinkgreve, Ronald A1 - Appel, Silke T1 - Recommendations on finite Element modelling of non-seismic excitation in soil-structure interaction problems N2 - Nowadays geotechnical engineering firms have powerful software tools to extent their consulting business also into dynamic soil-structure interaction, which before has been restricted to a rather small community of specialized experts in this field, and they certainly do. This is particularly true with respect to non-seismic sources, that is all kinds of human induced vibrations. Hence, there is a demand from clients as well as from contractors to have guidance on the requirements as well as the limits of numerical modelling of soil-structure interaction. From the literature as well as from relevant standards, recommendations for the numerical modelling of soil-structure interaction problems involving seismic actions are well known, e. g. ASCE/SEI 4-16. There are, however, some particularities when dealing with human-induced vibrations, which are absent in seismic analyses. For human-induced excitations very little specific guidance has been published in the past. A machine foundation on a homogeneous half space excited by harmonic loads with excitation frequency between 4 Hz and 64 Hz has been analysed by means of several commercially available software packages. Parametric studies have been performed to verify if recommendations for seismic soil-structure analyses are valid for non-seismic analyses as well. This paper provides details on the benchmark example and the most important conclusions from the undertaken parametric studies. T2 - Eurodyn 2023 CY - Delft, Netherlands DA - 02.07.2023 KW - Numerical analysis KW - Vibrations KW - Soil-structure interaction PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58583 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Railway-induced ground and building vibrations – Analysis in frequency-wavenumber domain and fast prediction with approximate models N2 - A simple and fast prediction scheme is presented for train-induced ground and building vibrations. For the emission, finite-element boundary-element or multiple-beam-on-continuous-soil models of the track have been analysed and approximated by faster track-on-Winkler-soil models. The vehicle-track interaction due to irregularities yields the excitation forces. For the transmission of waves in the soil, the wavenumber integral of the compliance of layered soils has been evaluated. The calculation time is reduced for the prediction by using the solution of a homogeneous half-space with a frequency-dependent wave velocity (the dispersion) of the soil. For the immision, many 2 and 3-dimenisonal finite-element building models have been investigated, and a good approximation has been established by a 1-dimensional soil-wall-floor model. In addition, the axle sequence of the train, the quasi-static and the “scattered” response of the soil, and the wave propagation from a tunnel to a pile foundation of a building have been included. T2 - ISMA-Conference CY - Leuven, Belgium DA - 12.09.2022 KW - Ground vibration KW - Building vibration KW - Railways KW - Simple and fast prediction PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56038 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Patrick A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Baeßler, Matthias A1 - El-Athman, Rukeia T1 - Research Data Management of Structural Health Monitoring Projects and Subsequent Applications of Artificial Intelligence Methods N2 - Structural health monitoring (SHM) intends to improve the management of engineering structures. The number of successful SHM projects – especially SHM research projects – is ever growing, yielding added value and more scientific insight into the management of infrastructure asset. With the advent of the data age, the value of accessible data becomes increasingly evident. In SHM, many new data-centric methods are currently being developed at a high pace. A consequent application of research data management (RDM) concepts in SHM projects enables a systematic management of raw and processed data, and thus facilitates the development and application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods to the SHM data. In this contribution, a case study based on an institutional RDM framework is presented. Data and metadata from monitoring the structural health of the Maintalbrücke Gemünden for a period of 16 months are managed with the RDM system BAM Data Store, which makes use of the openBIS data management software. An ML procedure is used to classify the data. Feature engineering, feature training and resulting data are performed and modelled in the RDM system. T2 - 11th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management (IABMAS2022) CY - Barcelona, Spain DA - 11.07.2022 KW - Research data management KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Artificial intelligence PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55494 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Patrick A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Baeßler, Matthias T1 - Sensorbasierte Systemidentifikation N2 - Die aktuelle Instandhaltungsstrategien von Ingenieurbauwerken arbeiten zustandsbasiert und stützen sich auf visuelle Inspektionen in kurzen, starren Intervallen. Beim Übergang zu Predicitive-Maintenance-Strategien können Sensordaten eigesetzt werden um Prognosemodelle der Bauwerke zu aktualisieren. Ein erster Schritt hierzu ist die sensorbasierte Systemidentifikation. T2 - Abschlussveranstaltung AISTEC CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 02.05.2022 KW - Systemidentifikation KW - Strukturmonitoring PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55495 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Simon, Patrick A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Baeßler, Matthias T1 - Belastungsversuch und Methodenvalidierung an der Maintalbrücke Gemünden N2 - Im Projekt AISTEC wurden Methoden entwickelt, die der prädiktiven Instandhaltung von Ingenieurbauwerken dienen. Zur Validierung dieser Methoden wurden an einem Referenzbauwerk - der Maintalbrücke Gemünden - Belastungstests durchgeführt. T2 - Abschlussveranstaltung AISTEC CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 02.05.2022 KW - Belastungsfahrt KW - GNSS KW - Einflusslinien PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55496 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Balscheit, Hagen T1 - Buckling Behavior of embedded Shells N2 - Presentation on ongoing test campaign on buckling of embedded piles, which is part of the VERBATIM-Project. T2 - Phd Seminar LFU-Innsbruck CY - Innsbruck, Austria DA - 24.06.2022 KW - Buckling KW - Monopiles KW - Windenergy KW - Foundations KW - Offshore PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55458 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz A1 - Said, Samir A1 - Rohrmann, Rolf T1 - Measurement and evaluation tools for ground and building vibrations from industrial process-es, construction work, traffic and other sources N2 - Vibration measurements have many causes and many technical and natural sources. Problems can sometimes be solved by short-term measurements, but in many cases, a long-term measurement is necessary. In long-term measurements of days, weeks, months and even years, it is easy to collect a huge quantity of raw data, but at the end, the post-processing of these data can be exhausting (for example one-year vibration data of a wind energy tower). A software has been developed which con-sists of measuring and evaluation routines where the measuring routines can operate different meas-uring systems and different measuring cards. The main advantage of this software is the fact that the interesting evaluations can be integrated in the measuring process so that the characteristics of the vibration can be extracted without storing all the raw data. Only important time segments are stored, for example train passages. The overall concept of the software and the main evaluation routines will be described in some details. Examples of our measurement experience will illustrate the capabilities of the software. 1) Surveying construction work in nearby sensitive buildings (for example an old wind tunnel), including a stable alarm system and meaningful vibration limits. 2) Prediction of train-induced vibration for a planned building to prevent annoyance and to improve the building design. 3) Modal analysis and long term measurements of several single- or multi-span, concrete or steel bridges 4) Modal and wave analysis of coupled floors in a historical building (“Neues Palais” at Potsdam). 5) Soil properties of various measurement sites (different routines to evaluate the dispersion). Moreover, from many projects, amplitudes, frequencies, and attenuation laws have been collected and analysed for the different sources such as vibratory or impact pile driving and ground compaction, demolition work with different machines, blasting in quarries and in tunnel works, bomb and mine clearing. T2 - 28th International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV28) CY - Online meeting DA - 25.07.2022 KW - Ground vibration KW - Building vibration KW - Measurement KW - Evaluation KW - Modes and waves PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56035 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Effects of a varying track and soil stiffness on ground vibrations near railway lines N2 - Usually, geometric irregularities are considered as the main cause of ground vibrations from trains. A varying stiffness of the track, the track support and the soil can also generate ground vibrations. The regular stiffness variation of the track on and between the sleepers results in a deterministic dynamic axle load. The random stiffness variation of the track support yields also dynamic axle loads. The dynamic axle loads are generated by the varying wheel displacements under the static axle load by the acceleration of the unsprung mass of the rail vehicle. The random stiffness variation has a second effect. The pulses from the passage of the static axle loads are superposed regularly to the quasi-static response, but also irregularly to yield a “scattered” part of the axle pulses. The same holds for a random variation of the soil stiffness. All these effects of stiffness variations have been calculated by wavenumber-domain multi-beam track models, a random finite-element soil model and the superposition of axle impulses in a stochastic simulation. The results are confronted with many measurements at different sites. It is concluded that the stiffness variation of the track and the soil generate an important ground vibration component near railway lines. T2 - Railways 2022 CY - Montpellier, France DA - 22.08.2022 KW - Ground vibration KW - Railways KW - Varying track stiffness KW - Varying soil stiffness PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56036 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -