TY - CONF A1 - Viefhues, Eva T1 - Fault detection for linear parameter varying systems under changes in the process noise covariance N2 - Detecting changes in the eigenstructure of linear systems is a comprehensively investigated subject. In particular, change detection methods based on hypothesis testing using Gaussian residuals have been developed previously. In such residuals, a reference model is confronted to data from the current system. In this paper, linear output-only Systems depending on a varying external physical parameter are considered. These systems are driven by process noise, whose covariance may also vary between measurements. To deal with the varying parameter, an interpolation approach is pursued, where a limited number of reference models { each estimated from data measured in a reference state { are interpolated to approximate an adequate reference model for the current parameter. The problem becomes more complex when the different points of interpolation correspond to different noise conditions. Then con icts May arise between the detection of changes in the eigenstructure due to a fault and the detection of changes due to different noise conditions. For this case, a new change detection approach is developed based on the interpolation of the eigenstructure at the reference points. The resulting approach is capable of change detection when both the external physical parameter and the process noise conditions are varying. This approach is validated on a numerical simulation of a mechanical system. T2 - 21st IFAC World Congress CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.07.2020 KW - Linear parameter varying systems KW - Fault detection KW - Changing process noise KW - Subspace-based residual KW - Model interpolation PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-52366 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Thiele, Marc T1 - Fatigue crack detection methods for high-cyclic loaded steel structures and challenges in mechanical testing N2 - For the generation of renewable energy offshore wind farms play an important role. The majority of these wind generators are connected to steel foundation structures. Steady increasing power output of these wind turbines leads to new challenges as well for engineers of the related support structures. Caused by the high-cyclic loading of these structures by wind and waves fatigue plays a very important role. Besides the consideration of fatigue within the design process it is additionally an important topic and challenge to monitor the existing steel structures relating to potential fatigue cracks occurring during their lifetime. This plays a role for a fundamental understanding of mechanisms as investigated in testing but also for inspection in real structures. Since the structures of the offshore wind generators are very large and in addition partially under water effective and reliable methods for fatigue crack detection are required. This contribution will present results of recent investigations on different crack detection methods applied on high-cycle fatigue tests on small welded steel samples as well as on welded steel components. The comparison of these measurements will show what are the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods and which method is potentially more suitable for the application on real offshore wind structures. It is outlined where challenges for detection methods exist. Furthermore, in this context the resulting challenges for the execution of material testing especially caused by the increasing dimensions of wind energy converters will by exemplarily presented. T2 - EERA JP Wind & SETWind Online Annual Event 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 14.09.2020 KW - Fatigue KW - Crack detection KW - Steel structures PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51356 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Costard, René T1 - Explosionsauswirkungen auf Strukturen Versuche und Simulationen N2 - Vorstellung der Versuche von Explosionsversuchen auf dem TTS. Diese werden ergänzt durch die Ergebnisse durchgeführter Simulationen und zeigen die Wirkung von zivilen Explosivstoffen auf Gebäudestrukturen und die aufgetretenen Schädigungen. T2 - 46. Informationstagung Sprengtechnik CY - Siegen, Germany DA - 25.04.2025 KW - Explosivstoff KW - Skalierung KW - Strukturauswirkung KW - Numerische Simulation PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62998 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Costard, Rene A1 - Hering, Marcus T1 - Explosionsauswirkungen auf Strukturen N2 - Wir berichten über die Entwicklungen des AP2 im Hinblick auf Explosionsauswirkungen auf Strukturen und den Weg zur systematischen messtechnischen Erfassung zur ganzheitlichen Bewertung der Bauwerksicherheit unter Detonationsbelastung. Zusätzlich werden die Vorführungen zu Kontaktdetonationen während der 16. Informationsveanstaltung Sprengstoffe und Pyrotechnik vorgeführt. T2 - 16. Informationsveranstaltung Sprengstoffe und Pyrotechnik CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.05.2025 KW - Explosion KW - Kontaktdetonation KW - Blast PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63192 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hering, Marcus T1 - Explosion effects on reinforced concrete structures: A preliminary study of scaling laws N2 - Blast tests are required to investigate accidental or intentional blast events and to assess the level of protection for people and facilities in critical infrastructures. Conducting large-scale field tests for complex scenarios is very resource intensive. Reliable small-scale experiments are a promising alternative. However, the scaling laws for the design of reinforced concrete structures under blast loads are not sufficiently established. In our research work, a consortium made up of three BAM departments, focuses on reinforced concrete structures that are suitable for the standardization of scaled blast tests. As part of the feasibility study, blast tests were carried out on test specimens of different sizes on the BAM Test Site for Technical Safety (TTS). Various reinforced concrete plates were tested and subjected to different blast loads. The blast tests included various measurement techniques to quantify the blast load and the behavior of the reinforced concrete plate. The blast load was measured with flush-mounted piezoelectric pressure gauges, while accelerometers and embedded fiber optic sensor cables were used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the plate under blast loading. In addition, damage characteristics were also determined using distributed fiber optic sensing. The application of these measurement techniques as well as the use of different numerical software tools offer the possibility to verify or adapt the scaling laws. T2 - 19th International Symposium on Interaction of the Effects of Munitions with Structures (19th ISIEMS) CY - Bonn, Germany DA - 09.12.2024 KW - Blast KW - Fiber optic sensing KW - Scaling PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62260 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hering, Marcus A1 - Agasty, Amit A1 - Costard, René A1 - Hüsken, Götz A1 - Chruscicki, Sebastian A1 - Hicke, Konstantin T1 - Explosion effects on reinforced concrete structures – A preliminary study of scaling laws N2 - Blast tests are required to investigate accidental or intentional blast events and to assess the level of protection for people and facilities in critical infrastructures. Conducting large-scale field tests for complex scenarios is very resource intensive. Reliable small-scale experiments are a promising alternative. However, the scaling laws for the design of reinforced concrete structures under blast loads are not sufficiently established. In our research work, a consortium made up of three BAM departments, focuses on reinforced concrete structures that are suitable for the standardization of scaled blast tests. As part of the feasibility study, blast tests were carried out on test specimens of different sizes on the BAM Test Site for Technical Safety (TTS). Various reinforced concrete plates were tested and subjected to different blast loads. The blast tests included various measurement techniques to quantify the blast load and the behavior of the reinforced concrete plate. The blast load was measured with flush-mounted piezoelectric pressure gauges, while accelerometers and embedded fiber optic sensor cables were used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the plate under blast loading. In addition, damage characteristics were also determined using distributed fiber optic sensing. The application of these measurement techniques as well as the use of different numerical software tools offer the possibility to verify or adapt the scaling laws. T2 - 19th International Symposium on Interaction of the Effects of Munitions with Structures (19th ISIEMS) CY - Bonn, Germany DA - 09.12.2024 KW - Scaling KW - Blast KW - Fiber optic sensing PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-62258 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Patrick T1 - Experimente in der Klimakammer N2 - Im Rahmen des Verbundtreffens des Vorhabens AISTEC werden akutelle Versuche aus der Großklimakammer des FB 7.2 präsentiert. T2 - 5. Verbundtreffen AISTEC CY - Online meeting DA - 24.06.2021 KW - Klimakammer KW - Stochastic Subspace Damage Detection KW - Model Update KW - Asphalt PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52869 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartels, Jan-Hauke A1 - Xu, Ronghua A1 - Kang, Chongjie A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Marx, Steffen T1 - Experimental Investigation on the Transfer Behavior and Environmental Influences of Low-Noise Integrated Electronic Piezoelectric Acceleration Sensors N2 - Acceleration sensors are vital for assessing engineering structures by measuring properties like natural frequencies. In practice, engineering structures often have low natural frequencies and face harsh environmental conditions. Understanding sensor behavior on such structures is crucial for reliable masurements. The research focus is on understanding the behavior of acceleration sensors in harsh environmental conditions within the low-frequency acceleration range. The main question is how to distinguish sensor behavior from structural influences to minimize errors in assessing engineering structure conditions. To investigate this, the sensors are tested using a long-stroke calibration unit under varying temperature and humidity conditions. Additionally, a mini-monitoring system configured with four IEPE sensors is applied to a small-scale support structure within a climate chamber. For the evaluation, a signal-energy approach is employed to distinguish sensor behavior from structural behavior. The findings show that IEPE sensors display temperature-dependent nonlinear transmission behavior within the low-frequency acceleration range, with humidity having negligible impact. To ensure accurate engineering structure assessment, it is crucial to separate sensor behavior from structural influences using signal energy in the time domain. This study underscores the need to compensate for systematic effects, preventing the underestimation of vibration energy at low temperatures and overestimation at higher temperatures when using IEPE sensors for engineering structure monitoring. KW - Acceleration sensors KW - Environmental influence KW - IEPE KW - Structural Health Monitoring KW - Low-frequency shaker PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594623 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8244/4/1/4/ DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology4010004 SN - 2673-8244 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 46 EP - 65 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-59462 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Balscheit, Hagen A1 - Victor, A. A1 - Thiele, Marc A1 - Cuéllar, Pablo A1 - Baeßler, Matthias A1 - Lüddecke, F. T1 - Experimental Investigation on Buckling Behavior of soil-embedded Piles N2 - Monopiles are currently the predominant foundation type for offshore wind turbines in Europe. Due to the increasing dimensions of the turbines, pile diameters beyond 10m become necessary. A design-relevant failure mode of monopiles is the local buckling of the pile wall in the embedded sections. Relevant buckling guidelines do not consider the soil-structure interaction specifically, although the embedment may allow for a reduction of wall thickness. However, Eurocode-based design concepts require a validation with comparative buckling cases for validation, either in terms of buckling curve parameters for both the algebraic stress-based and semi-numerical LBA/MNA design concept or as a calibration factor kGMNIA for fully numerical GMNIA calculations. These parameters are not yet available for embedded shells. To close this gap, we have conducted experiments on piles embedded in sand to investigate local buckling under soil-structure-interaction. The results will be used to calibrate numerical models. This research was carried out as part of the VERBATIM research project, funded by PTJ/BMWK and supported by the Carbon Trust's Offshore Wind Accelerator consortium. T2 - EUROSTEEL 2023 CY - Amsterdam, The Netherlands DA - 11.09.2023 KW - Wind KW - Wind Energy KW - Shell Buckling KW - Offshore KW - Soil-Structure-Interaction PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-583641 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2313 SN - 2509-7075 VL - 6 IS - 3-4 SP - 1729 EP - 1734 PB - Ernst & Sohn Gmb AN - OPUS4-58364 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Balscheit, Hagen T1 - Experimental Investigation on Buckling Behavior of soil-embedded Piles N2 - Monopile-Gründungen sind die mit Abstand am häufigsten verwendete Gründungskonstruktion für Offshore-Windenergieanlagen. Ein wesentliches Problem bei der Bemessung ist das lokale Beulen des Gründungspfahls, welches typischerweise im Bereich der Bettung auftritt. Aufgrund der Nichtlinearität der Bettungsrandbedingung sind klassische Bemessungsansätze nicht anwendbar, so dass der Bemessungsingenieur auf eine vollständig numerische Berechnung zurückgreifen muss. In diesem Vortrag wird eine experimentelle Versuchskampagne zur Erzeugung von Kalibrierungsdaten für solche numerischen Modelle vorgestellt. Eine ausführlichere Darstellung findet sich im gleichnamigen Artikel. T2 - EUROSTEEL 2023 CY - Amsterdam, Netherlands DA - 11.09.2023 KW - Wind KW - Wind Energy KW - Offshore KW - Shell Buckling KW - Soil-Structure-Interaction PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58365 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Agasty, Amit A1 - Hering, Marcus T1 - Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures Under Blast Loading: Scopes and Challenges N2 - Protection against terrorist or accidental scenarios in industrial settings requires suitable designs of structures to resist blast loads. Field testing as well as finite element simulations are among the techniques available to engineers in the understanding of the structural behavior against blast loading. As blast testing of complex scenarios can be very resource intensive, tests are generally performed for simplified scenarios. Numerical tools can be used to model these scenarios in order to get a better insight into blast loading, structural response and the resulting damage to the structure. In the next steps, the simplified scenario is successively modified in numerical simulations to incorporate complexities that cannot be covered in blast testing experiments. One of the conditions for this approach to work is that the original simplified numerical simulation is valid. The scopes and challenges encountered in such a validation are the focus of this presentation. A relatively ‘simple’ field test of a horizontal reinforced concrete (RC) slab subjected to blast loading is taken as an example for validation of the performance of numerical tools. The blast test incorporated various measurement techniques to quantify the blast load as well as the behavior of the RC slab. Blast load was measured using flush-mounted piezoelectric pressure gauges, whereas acceleration sensors and fiber-optic sensor cables were used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the slab under blast loading. Additionally, damage characteristics were ascertained also using fiber-optic sensing. The application of such measurement techniques, along with different numerical software available for the analysis of the scenario in question, demonstrate the scope of our contribution. T2 - 24th International Physical Security Forum Brussels CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 15.04.2024 KW - Blast KW - Reinforced Concrete Structures KW - Numerical simulations PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60880 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liehr, A. A1 - Wegener, T. A1 - Degener, Sebastian A1 - Bolender, A. A1 - Möller, N. A1 - Niendorf, T. T1 - Experimental Analysis of the Stability of Retained Austenite in a Low‐Alloy 42CrSi Steel after Different Quenching and Partitioning Heat Treatments N2 - Quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steels are characterized by an excellent combination of strength and ductility, opening up great potentials for advanced lightweight components. The Q&P treatment results in microstructures with a martensitic matrix being responsible for increased strength whereas interstitially enriched metastable retained austenite (RA) contributes to excellent ductility. Herein, a comprehensive experimental characterization of microstructure evolution and austenite stability is carried out on a 42CrSi steel being subjected to different Q&P treatments. The microstructure of both conditions is characterized by scanning electron microscopy as well as X‐ray diffraction (XRD) phase analysis. Besides macroscopic standard tensile tests, RA evolution under tensile loading is investigated by in situ XRD using synchrotron and laboratory methods. As a result of different quenching temperatures, the two conditions considered are characterized by different RA contents and morphologies, resulting in different strain hardening behaviors as well as strength and ductility values under tensile loading. In situ synchrotron measurements show differences in the transformation kinetics being rationalized by the different morphologies of the RA. Eventually, the evolution of the phase specific stresses can be explained by the well‐known Masing model. KW - Condensed Matter Physics KW - General Materials Science PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-581618 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202300380 SN - 1438-1656 VL - 25 IS - 17 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-58161 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glienke, R. A1 - Kalkowsky, F. A1 - Hobbacher, A. F. A1 - Holch, A. A1 - Thiele, Marc A1 - Marten, F. A1 - Kersten, R. A1 - Henkel, K.-M. T1 - Evaluation of the fatigue resistance of butt‑welded joints in towers of wind turbines - A comparison of experimental studies with small scale and component tests as well as numerical based approaches with local concepts N2 - Wind turbines are exposed to a high number of load cycles during their service lifetime. Therefore, the fatigue strength verification plays an important role in their design. In general, the nominal stress method is used for the fatigue verification of the most common used butt-welded joints. The Eurocode 3 part 1–9 is the current design standard for this field of application. This paper presents recent results of fatigue tests on small-scaled specimens and large components with transverse butt welds to discuss the validity of the FAT-class. Furthermore, results from numerical simulations for the verification with the effective notch stress and the crack propagation approach are used for comparison. Based on the consistency between the numerical results and the fatigue tests, the influence of the seam geometry on the fatigue resistance was investigated. Finally, a prediction of the fatigue strength of butt-welded joints with plate thicknesses up to 80 mm was carried out. KW - Transverse butt weld KW - Weld imperfections KW - Wind turbine tower KW - Fatigue strength KW - Local approaches KW - Large components KW - Wind energy PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-596648 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-023-01630-3 SN - 1878-6669 SP - 1 EP - 26 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-59664 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Balscheit, Hagen T1 - Evaluation of pile tip buckling based on large scale tests N2 - Der Vortrag zum zugehörigen Konferenzbeitrag beschreibt eine groß angelegte Feldtestkampagne mit 16 Rammversuchen, um das Risiko des plastischen Versagens der Pfahlspitzen besser zu verstehen Ein numerisches Modell mit transientem Bodenkontakt zeigt eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den Testergebnissen. Parametervariationen verdeutlichen, wie empfindlich die Pfahlreaktion auf Imperfektionen und Randbedingungen ist. T2 - 5th International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics (ISFOG) CY - Nantes, France DA - 09.06.2025 KW - Pile Tip Buckling KW - Monopile KW - Offshore Windenergy KW - Driving Refusal KW - Large Scale Test PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63391 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baeßler, Matthias A1 - Balscheit, Hagen A1 - Geißler, Peter A1 - Schepers, Winfried A1 - Cuèllar, Pablo T1 - Evaluation of pile tip buckling based on large scale tests N2 - Der Beitrag beschreibt eine groß angelegte Versuchskampagne mit Pfahlrammungen, um das Risiko des plastischen Versagens der Pfahlspitze besser zu verstehen und numerische Modelle zu validieren. Ein numerisches Modell mit transientem Bodenkontakt zeigt eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den Testergebnissen. Parametervariationen verdeutlichen, wie empfindlich die Pfahlreaktion auf Imperfektionen und Randbedingungen ist. T2 - 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FRONTIERS IN OFFSHORE GEOTECHNICS CY - Nantes, France DA - 09.06.2025 KW - Pile Tip Buckling KW - Monopile KW - Offshore Windenergy KW - Driving Refusal KW - Large Scale Test PY - 2025 SN - 978-2-85782-758-0 DO - https://doi.org/10.53243/ISFOG2025-476 SP - 1218 EP - 1223 PB - International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) CY - Nantes AN - OPUS4-63387 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Deresse, N. E. A1 - Thiele, Marc A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Sarem, M. A1 - Francois, St. A1 - Verstrynge, E. T1 - Evaluation of Concrete Fatigue Damage with Elastic Wave-based Measurement Techniques N2 - The fatigue damage evolution and the fatigue life of quasi-brittle materials such as concrete are not yet completely understood. Accordingly to get better insights, researchers have recently been incorporating advanced measuring techniques in their fatigue experiments. In this research, acoustic emission techniques (AET), active ultrasonic, and deformation measurements are used to track the damage evolution of concrete samples subjected to fatigue loading. The samples are subjected to constant amplitude and stepwise fatigue loading in Brazilian splitting test set-ups. Initially, a good agreement is observed between the deformation and the ultrasonic measurements in capturing the crack propagation during Brazilian splitting tests. The three fatigue damage phases could be identified with all of the three techniques. The Phase II damage rates quantified by deformation measurements and AET in stepwise fatigue tests were used to predict the number of cycles to failure at various stress levels. The predictions were validated using the number of cycles to failure of the constant amplitude fatigue tests. T2 - 36th Conference of the European Working Group on Acoustic Emission CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 18.09.2024 KW - Concrete KW - Acoustic emission KW - Ultrasonic testing KW - Fatigue PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-615677 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/30228 SN - 1435-4934 VL - 29 IS - 10 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-61567 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hu, W.-H. A1 - Xu, Z.-M. A1 - Liu, M.-Y. A1 - Tang, D.-H. A1 - Lu, W. A1 - Li, Z.-H. A1 - Teng, J. A1 - Han, X.-H. A1 - Said, Samir A1 - Rohrmann, R. G. T1 - Estimation of the Lateral Dynamic Displacement of High-Rise Buildings underWind Load Based on Fusion of a Remote Sensing Vibrometer and an Inclinometer N2 - This paper proposes a novel method to estimate the lateral displacement of high-rise structures under wind loads. The coefficient β(x) is firstly derived, reflecting the relation between the structural lateral dynamic displacement and the inclination angle at the height x of a structure. If the angle is small, it is the ratio between the structural fundamental mode shape and its first-order derivative without influence of external loads. Several dynamic experiments of structures are performed based on a laser remote sensing vibrometer and an inclinometer, which shows that the fundamental mode is dominated in the structural displacement response under different types of excitations. Once the coefficient β(x) is curve-fitted by measuring both the structural lateral dynamic displacement and the inclination angle synchronously, the real-time structural lateral displacement under operational conditions is estimated by multiplying the coefficient β(x) with the inclination angle. The advantage of the proposed method is that the coefficient β(x) can be identified by lateral dynamic displacement measured in high resolution by the remote sensing vibrometer, which is useful to reconstruct the displacement accurately by the inclination angle under operational conditions KW - Inclination angle KW - High-rise building KW - Lateral dynamic displacement KW - Remote sensing vibrometer PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-506833 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12071120 VL - 12 IS - 7 SP - 1120 PB - MDPI CY - 4052 Basel, Schweiz AN - OPUS4-50683 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Erschütterungsprognose mit KI? Schnelle Ersatzmodelle und physikbasiertes maschinelles Lernen in der Bauwerk-Boden-Dynamik N2 - Erschütterungsprognosen können mit sehr detaillierten Modellen durchgeführt werden. Dies ist sowohl bei der Erstellung des Modells (zum Beispiel für ein Finite-Element-Modell für Boden und Bauwerk), als auch bei der Berechnung zeitaufwändig, von einigen Minuten für die Wellenausbreitung in geschichteten Böden mit Wellenzahlintegralen bis zu mehreren Stunden für Randelementlösungen für die korrekte Bauwerk-Boden-Wechselwirkung. Hier sind einfache und schnelle Ersatzmodelle von Vorteil, die die Ergebnisse der detaillierten Berechnungen gut wiedergeben. Diese Ersatzmodelle können vollständig auf physikalischen Überlegungen beruhen (white-box Modelle) oder mit Hilfe von maschinellem Lernen aus einer Vielzahl von detaillierten Rechenergebnissen erzeugt werden (black-box Modelle). Erfahrungen mit black-box Modellen zeigen, dass es sinnvoll ist das maschinelle Lernen mit physikalischen Informationen anzureichern (grey-box Modelle). Es werden Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für physikbasiertes maschinelles Lernen im Bereich von Bahnerschütterungen aufgezeigt, die Erschütterungsemission durch die Fahrzeug-Fahrweg-Wechselwirkung, die Wellenausbreitung im Boden, die Erschütterungsimmission in Gebäude, Gleisschäden und das Monitoring von Eisenbahnbrücken. T2 - VDI-Tagung Baudynamik CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 02.04.2025 KW - Bahnerschütterungen KW - Emissionsmodell KW - Immissionsmodell KW - Transmissionsmodell KW - Tunnelausbreitung KW - Gleisüberwachung PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-18-092447-2 SN - 0083-5560 VL - 2447 SP - 53 EP - 64 PB - VDI-Verlag CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-62886 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Erschütterungsprognose mit KI? Schnelle Ersatzmodelle und physikbasiertes maschinelles Lernen in der Bauwerk-Boden-Dynamik N2 - Erschütterungsprognosen können mit sehr detaillierten Modellen durchgeführt werden. Dies ist sowohl bei der Erstellung des Modells (zum Beispiel für ein Finite-Element-Modell für Boden und Bauwerk), als auch bei der Berechnung zeitaufwändig, von einigen Minuten für die Wellenausbreitung in geschichteten Böden mit Wellenzahlintegralen bis zu mehreren Stunden für Randelementlösungen für die korrekte Bauwerk-Boden-Wechselwirkung. Hier sind einfache und schnelle Ersatzmodelle von Vorteil, die die Ergebnisse der detaillierten Berechnungen gut wiedergeben. Diese Ersatzmodelle können vollständig auf physikalischen Überlegungen beruhen (white-box Modelle) oder mit Hilfe von maschinellem Lernen aus einer Vielzahl von detaillierten Rechenergebnissen erzeugt werden (black-box Modelle). Erfahrungen mit black-box Modellen zeigen, dass es sinnvoll ist das maschinelle Lernen mit physikalischen Informationen anzureichern (grey-box Modelle). Es werden Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für physikbasiertes maschinelles Lernen im Bereich von Bahnerschütterungen aufgezeigt, die Erschütterungsemission durch die Fahrzeug-Fahrweg-Wechselwirkung, die Wellenausbreitung im Boden, die Erschütterungsimmission in Gebäude, Gleisschäden und das Monitoring von Eisenbahnbrücken. T2 - VDI-Tagung Baudynamik CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 02.04.2025 KW - Bahnerschütterungen KW - Emissionsmodell KW - Immissionsmodell KW - Transmissionsmodell KW - Tunnelausbreitung KW - Gleisüberwachung PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62889 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frei, Vivian A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Thiele, Marc A1 - Rogge, Andreas T1 - Ermüdungsverhalten von Beton für unterschiedliche Probekörpergeometrien N2 - Die heute in der Anwendung befindlichen Bemessungskonzepte für Ermüdung von Beton stammen zum Teil noch aus den 1990er Jahren und sind speziell hinsichtlich hochfester Betone konservativ ausgelegt. Um die Vorteile von Türmen für Windkraftanlagen, vor allem auch aus hochfesten Betonen, im Zuge des geplanten Ausbaus der Windenergieversorgung in Deutschland wirtschaftlich nutzbar zu machen, müssen diese Bemessungskonzepte weiterentwickelt werden. Dafür sind umfangreiche Untersuchungen zur Ermittlung von Bruchlastwechselzahlen und zur Charakterisierung der Schädigungsentwicklung unter Ermüdungsbeanspruchung erforderlich. Allgemein anerkannte bzw. verbindliche Regelwerke oder Verfahren zur experimentellen Bestimmung der Ermüdungsfestigkeit (Bruchlastwechselzahlen) an Betonproben gibt es zurzeit aber nicht und die bisher durchgeführten Untersuchungen variieren in Parametern wie Probengeometrie, Probengröße und Prüffrequenz. Eine vergleichende Analyse der Ergebnisse der Studien und insbesondere die Übertragbarkeit auf bauteilrelevante Abmessungen ist auf dieser Grundlage nur sehr eingeschränkt möglich. KW - Ermüdungsverhalten KW - Probekörpergeometrien KW - Druckschwellenversuch KW - Bruchlastwechselzahlen KW - Beton PY - 2023 UR - https://www.betonverein.de/dbv-heft-52-materialermuedung-von-stahl-und-spannbeton-unter-hochzyklischer-beanspruchung-ergebnisse-des-verbundforschungsvorhabens-win-con-fat IS - 52 SP - 19 EP - 22 PB - Deutscher Beton- und Bautechnik-Verein E.V. CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-58746 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schepers, Winfried A1 - Kulke, D. T1 - Ermittlung dynamischer Bodensteifigkeit aus konventionellen geotechnischen Berichten N2 - Am Beispiel von mehreren Bauvorhaben wird untersucht, mit welchen Unsicherheiten bei der Anwendung von Korrelationen zwischen Sondierergebnissen und Scherwellengeschwindigkeit zur Beschreibung der dynamischen Bodeneigenschaften gerechnet werden muss. Die Auswertung von Korrelationen aus der Literatur zur Abschätzung der Scherwellengeschwindigkeit aus Drucksondierdaten zeigt, dass bei homogenen Sandböden die Verteilung der Scherwellengeschwindigkeit über die Tiefe sehr gut wiedergegeben werden kann. Die Korrelationen haben dabei die Tendenz, den tatsächlichen Wert zu überschätzen. In den vorliegenden Fällen haben sich Überschätzungen zwischen 20 % und 50 % ergeben. Mit zunehmendem Feinkornanteil werden die Unsicherheiten aus den Korrelationen jedoch größer. T2 - 7. VDI-Fachtagung Baudynamik CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 27.04.2022 KW - Dynamische Bodensteifigkeit PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-18-092379-6 SN - 0083-5560 VL - 2379 SP - 347 EP - 359 PB - VDI-Verlag CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-54762 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Patrick T1 - Enhancing structural models with material tests and static response data - a case study considering a steel beam with asphalt layer subject to temperature variations N2 - Gradual or sudden changes in the state of structural systems caused, for example, by deterioration or accidental load events can influence their load-bearing capacity. Structural changes can be inferred from static and/or dynamic response data measured by structural health monitoring systems. However, they may be masked by variations in the structural response due to varying environmental conditions. Particularly, the interaction of nominally load-bearing components with nominally non-load bearing components exhibiting characteristics that vary as a function of the environmental conditions can significantly affect the monitored structural response. Ignoring these effects may hamper an inference of structural changes from the monitoring data. To address this issue, we adopt a probabilistic model-based framework as a basis for developing digital twins of structural systems that enable a prediction of the structural behavior under varying ambient condition. Within this framework, different types of data obtained from real the structural system can be applied to update the digital twin of the structural system using Bayesian methods and thus enhance predictions of the structural behavior. In this contribution, we implement the framework to develop a digital twin of a simply supported steel beam with an asphalt layer. It is formulated such that it can predict the static response of the beam in function of its temperature. In a climate chamber, the beam was subject to varying temperatures and its static response wass monitored. In addition, tests are performed to determine the temperature-dependent properties of the asphalt material. Bayesian system identification is applied to enhance the predictive capabilities of the digital twin based on the observed data. T2 - International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure (SHMII-10) CY - Online meeting DA - 30.06.2021 KW - Digital twin KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Material tests KW - Bayesian updating PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54130 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Patrick A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Baeßler, Matthias A1 - Recknagel, Christoph ED - Cunha, Á. ED - Caetano, E. T1 - Enhancing structural models with material tests and static response data - a case study considering a steel beam with asphalt layer subject to temperature variations N2 - Gradual or sudden changes in the state of structural systems caused, for example, by deterioration or accidental load events can influence their load-bearing capacity. Structural changes can be inferred from static and/or dynamic response data measured by structural health monitoring systems. However, they may be masked by variations in the structural response due to varying environmental conditions. Particularly, the interaction of nominally load-bearing components with nominally non-load bearing components exhibiting characteristics that vary as a function of the environmental conditions can significantly affect the monitored structural response. Ignoring these effects may hamper an inference of structural changes from the monitoring data. To address this issue, we adopt a probabilistic model-based framework as a basis for developing digital twins of structural systems that enable a prediction of the structural behavior under varying ambient condition. Within this framework, different types of data obtained from real the structural system can be applied to update the digital twin of the structural system using Bayesian methods and thus enhance predictions of the structural behavior. In this contribution, we implement the framework to develop a digital twin of a simply supported steel beam with an asphalt layer. It is formulated such that it can predict the static response of the beam in function of its temperature. In a climate chamber, the beam was subject to varying temperatures and its static response wass monitored. In addition, tests are performed to determine the temperature-dependent properties of the asphalt material. Bayesian system identification is applied to enhance the predictive capabilities of the digital twin based on the observed data. T2 - International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure (SHMII-10) CY - Online meeting DA - 30.06.2021 KW - Digital twin KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Material tests KW - Bayesian updating PY - 2021 SN - 2564-3738 SP - 1537 EP - 1544 AN - OPUS4-54126 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Elastische Elemente in der Emission, Transmission und Immission von Bahnerschütterungen N2 - Dieser Vortrag präsentiert einige Prinzipien und einige Beispiele zur Minderung von Eisenbahnerschütterungen. Die Prinzipien unterscheiden sich für die Minderungsmaßnahmen im Gleis, im Boden und bei Gebäuden. Kraftübertragungsfunktionen isolierter und nicht isolierter Gleissysteme, reflektierte und durchgelassene Wellenamplituden bei gefüllten Bodenschlitzen und die Übertragung der Freifeldschwingungen ins Gebäude werden analysiert. Bei den einfachen Gleismodellen muss der richtige Anteil der unabgefederte Fahrzeugmasse zum eindimensionalen Gleismodell hinzugefügt werden. Der Minderungseffekt eines gefüllten Bodenschlitzes ist von der Steifigkeit und nicht von der Impedanz des Schichtmaterials bestimmt. Bei einer elastischen Gebäudelagerung muss die Minderungswirkung mit der richtigen Boden- (Fundament-) Steifigkeit berechnet werden, und das abgeminderte Gebäudeverhalten hängt wesentlich von der effektiven Gebäudemasse ab, die mit zunehmender Frequenz deutlich kleiner als die starre Gebäudemasse ist. T2 - Norm-Arbeitsausschuss Schwingungsminderung in der Umgebung von Verkehrswegen CY - Bludenz, Austria DA - 17.5.2022 KW - Erschütterungsminderung KW - Bahngleis KW - Bodenschlitz KW - Gebäudelagerung KW - Elastische Elemente PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54916 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Wiehle, Philipp T1 - Einfluss der Feuchtigkeit auf das Tragverhalten von Lehmmauerwerk N2 - Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit steht der Einfluss der Feuchte auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Lehmmauerwerk. Der Wissensstand zum feuchteabhängigen Tragverhalten von Lehm(mauerwerk) ist bisher lückenhaft, sodass keine explizite Berücksichtigung der Bauteilfeuchte bei der Bemessung tragender Konstruktionen erfolgt. Aktuelle und verlässliche Daten zum Einfluss der Feuchte auf die mechanischen Kenngrößen moderner Lehmbaustoffe fehlen bisher ebenso wie Messwerte in Bezug auf die Bauteilfeuchte unter natürlichen Klimabedingungen. Deswegen wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit umfangreiche Untersuchungen zum mechanischen und hygrothermischen Verhalten von Lehmmauerwerk durchgeführt. Die experimentellen Untersuchungen bestehen im Wesentlichen aus Druckversuchen an Lehmsteinen, -mörteln, kleinformatigen Lehmmauerwerksprobekörpern und geschosshohen Lehmmauerwerkswänden. Um das Feuchteverhalten beschreiben zu können, fanden außerdem erstmalig magnetresonanzspektroskopische Messungen an Lehmsteinen statt und es wurden die tatsächlich auftretenden Feuchtegehalte an einer Lehmmauerwerkswand unter natürlichen Klimabedingungen in Form von Langezeitmessungen ermittelt. Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass ein linearer Zusammenhang zwischen Druckfestigkeit und relativer Luftfeuchte besteht, wobei sich die Druckfestigkeit umgekehrt proportional zur relativen Luftfeuchte verhält. Je Prozent Steigerung der relativen Luftfeuchte kommt es zur Abnahme von einem Prozent der Druckfestigkeit. Gleiches gilt für das Elastizitätsmodul. Weiterhin konnte auf Basis der feuchtetechnischen Untersuchungen ein numerisches Modell zur Berechnung des instationären hygrothermischen Verhaltens für Lehmbaustoffe kalibriert werden. Anhand dieses Modells gelang es die bemessungsrelevanten Feuchtegehalte unter Berücksichtigung des instationären hygrothermischen Verhaltens realitätsnah zu berechnen. Die maximalen Feuchtegehalte im Lehmmauerwerk konnten somit in Form einer Parameterstudie in Abhängigkeit des Anwendungsfalls ermittelt werden, wodurch eine explizite Berücksichtigung des Feuchtegehaltes bei der Bemessung ermöglicht wurde. Die Verknüpfung der Erkenntnisse aus den mechanischen und hygrothermischen Untersuchungen dieser Arbeit bildet die Grundlage für das Bemessungskonzept der im Juni 2023 veröffentlichten DIN 18940: Tagendes Lehmsteinmauerwerk. KW - NMR KW - Lehm KW - Mauerwerk KW - Druckfestigkeit KW - Feuchtigkeit PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-637794 DO - https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-20800 SP - 1 EP - 114 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-63779 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Agasty, Amit A1 - Hering, Marcus T1 - Eine Machbarkeitsstudie zur Skalierung von Sprengversuchen an Stahlbetonbauteilen N2 - Sprengversuche sind erforderlich, um Explosionsereignisse auf Grund von Unfällen oder Anschlägen zu untersuchen und um das Schutzniveau für Menschen und Anlagen in kritischen Infrastrukturen zu bewerten. Die Durchführung von Feldversuchen in großem Maßstab für komplexe Szenarien ist sehr ressourcenintensiv. Verlässliche Experimente im kleinen Maßstab sind eine vielversprechende Alternative. Die Skalierungsgesetze für die Bemessung von Stahlbetonkonstruktionen unter Explosionsbelastung sind jedoch nicht hinreichend etabliert. Die Forschungsarbeit fokussiert sich auf Stahlbetonstrukturen, die für die Standardisierung von skalierten Sprengversuchen in Frage kommen. Im Rahmen der Machbarkeitsstudie wurden auf dem TTS-Gelände Sprengversuche an Probekörpern unterschiedlicher Größe durchgeführt. Dabei wurden verschiedene horizontal gelagerte Stahlbetonplatten getestet und unterschiedlichen Explosionsbelastungen ausgesetzt. Die Sprengversuche umfassten verschiedene Messtechniken zur Quantifizierung der Explosionslast sowie des Verhaltens der Stahlbetonplatten. Die Explosionslast wurde mit bündig eingebauten piezoelektrischen Druckmessern gemessen, während Beschleunigungssensoren und flächig applizierte verteilte faseroptische Sensorik verwendet wurden, um das dynamische Verhalten der Platte unter Explosionsbelastung zu charakterisieren. Darüber hinaus wurden Schädigungsmerkmale ebenfalls mit verteilter faseroptischer Sensorik ermittelt. Die Anwendung solcher Messtechniken sowie die Nutzung verschiedener numerischer Softwaretools bieten die Möglichkeit die Skalierungsgesetze zu verifizieren bzw. anzupassen. T2 - BBK - Fachkongress Forschung für den Bevölkerungsschutz 2025 CY - Bonn, Germany DA - 05.02.2025 KW - Sprengversuch KW - Skalierung KW - Faseroptik PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62509 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kemmler, Samuel A1 - Rettinger, Christoph A1 - Rüde, Ulrich A1 - Cuéllar, Pablo A1 - Köstler, Harald T1 - Efficiency and scalability of fully-resolved fluid-particle simulations on heterogeneous CPU-GPU architectures N2 - Current supercomputers often have a heterogeneous architecture using both conventional Central Processing Units (CPUs) and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). At the same time, numerical simulation tasks frequently involve multiphysics scenarios whose components run on different hardware due to multiple reasons, e.g., architectural requirements, pragmatism, etc. This leads naturally to a software design where different simulation modules are mapped to different subsystems of the heterogeneous architecture. We present a detailed performance analysis for such a hybrid four-way coupled simulation of a fully resolved particle-laden flow. The Eulerian representation of the flow utilizes GPUs, while the Lagrangian model for the particles runs on conventional CPUs. Two characteristic model situations involving dense and dilute particle systems are used as benchmark scenarios. First, a roofline model is employed to predict the node level performance and to show that the lattice-Boltzmann-based Eulerian fluid simulation reaches very good performance on a single GPU. Furthermore, the GPU-GPU communication for a large-scale Eulerian flow simulation results in only moderate slowdowns. This is due to the efficiency of the CUDA-aware MPI communication, combined with the use of communication hiding techniques. On 1024 A100 GPUs, an overall parallel efficiency of up to 71% is achieved. While the flow simulation has good performance characteristics, the integration of the stiff Lagrangian particle system requires frequent CPU-CPU communications that can become a bottleneck, especially when simulating the dense particle system. Additionally, special attention is paid to the CPU-GPU communication overhead since this is essential for coupling the particles to the flow simulation. However, thanks to our problem-aware co-partitioning, the CPU-GPU communication overhead is found to be negligible. As a lesson learned from this development, four criteria are postulated that a hybrid implementation must meet for the efficient use of heterogeneous supercomputers. KW - Discrete element method KW - Hybrid implementation KW - High-performance computing KW - Particulate flow KW - Lattice Boltzmann method PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-623958 DO - https://doi.org/10.1177/10943420241313385 SN - 1741-2846 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - SAGE Publications AN - OPUS4-62395 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Effects of a varying track and soil stiffness on ground vibrations near railway lines N2 - Usually, geometric irregularities are considered as the main cause of ground vibrations from trains. A varying stiffness of the track, the track support and the soil can also generate ground vibrations. The regular stiffness variation of the track on and between the sleepers results in a deterministic dynamic axle load. The random stiffness variation of the track support yields also dynamic axle loads. The dynamic axle loads are generated by the varying wheel displacements under the static axle load by the acceleration of the unsprung mass of the rail vehicle. The random stiffness variation has a second effect. The pulses from the passage of the static axle loads are superposed regularly to the quasi-static response, but also irregularly to yield a “scattered” part of the axle pulses. The same holds for a random variation of the soil stiffness. All these effects of stiffness variations have been calculated by wavenumber-domain multi-beam track models, a random finite-element soil model and the superposition of axle impulses in a stochastic simulation. The results are confronted with many measurements at different sites. It is concluded that the stiffness variation of the track and the soil generate an important ground vibration component near railway lines. T2 - Railways 2022 CY - Montpellier, France DA - 22.08.2022 KW - Ground vibration KW - Railways KW - Varying track stiffness KW - Varying soil stiffness PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56036 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Effects of a varying track and soil stiffness on ground vibrations near railway lines N2 - Usually, geometric irregularities are considered as the main cause of ground vibrations from trains. A varying stiffness of the track, the track support and the soil can also generate ground vibrations. The regular stiffness variation of the track on and between the sleepers results in a deterministic dynamic axle load. The random stiffness variation of the track support yields also dynamic axle loads which are generated by the acceleration of the unsprung mass (from the varying wheel displacements under the static axle load). The random stiffness variation has a second effect. The pulses from the passage of the static axle loads are superposed regularly to the quasi-static response, but also irregularly to yield a “scattered” part of the axle pulses. The same holds for a random variation of the soil stiffness. All these effects of stiffness variations have been calculated by wavenumber-domain multi-beam track models, a random finite-element soil model and the superposition of axle impulses in a stochastic simulation. The results are confronted with many measurements at different sites. It is concluded that the stiffness variation of the track and the soil generate an important ground vibration component near railway lines. T2 - International Conference Railways 2022 CY - Montpellier, France DA - 22.08.2022 KW - Ground vibration KW - Axle loads KW - Irregularities KW - Varying stiffness PY - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-56605 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baeßler, Matthias A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Dynamisches Verhalten und Überwachung des Großen Fallturms der BAM in Horstwalde N2 - Falltürme sind Bauwerke, die als Versuchsanlagen sehr speziellen, impulsartigen Belastungen ausgesetzt sind. Am Fallturm auf dem Testgelände Technische Sicherheit (TTS) der BAM wurde bei Routineinspektionen eine Abnahme der strukturellen Integrität in Form von Vorspannungsverlusten in den Bolzen der Stahlverbindungen festgestellt. Um ein Verständnis für die zugrundeliegenden Trag- und Schädigungsmechanismen zu erlangen, wurde ein umfassendes Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) System geplant und am Bauwerk installiert unter Nutzung von digitalen Bauwerksmodellen. Für die Auslegung des Überwachungssystems, insbesondere aber zur Unterstützung der Untersuchung des Schädigungsprozesses, wurden Finite-Elemente-Modelle erstellt. Um sicherzustellen, dass die FE-Modelle das reale Tragwerksverhalten mit ausreichender Genauigkeit abbilden, mussten sie jedoch in Bezug auf die gemessenen Antworten des Tragwerks kalibriert werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen zur Identifizierung des strukturellen Systems des Stahlrohrgitterturms in Vorbereitung einer Überwachungskampagne. Die Auswertung von gemessenen Schwingungen unter ambienter Anregung ermöglichte die Identifizierung der Eigenfrequenzen mehrerer globaler Schwingungsmoden des Fallturms. Zur Modellvalidierung wurde zunächst eine Sensitivitätsanalyse durchgeführt, um die Parameter mit dem größten Einfluss zu ermitteln. Anschließend wurde ein evolutionärer Algorithmus (EA) zur Optimierung nach dem Prinzip der Minimierung der Differenzen zwischen gemessenen und simulierten charakteristischen Antworten eingesetzt. Das aktualisierte Modell wurde schließlich an der dynamischen Reaktion der Turmstruktur infolge einer realen Falltest-induzierten Stoßbelastung validiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen numerischen und experimentellen Ergebnissen. N2 - Drop test towers are structures subjected to very specific dynamic loadings. At the drop test tower at the Test Site Technical Safety (TTS) of BAM routine inspections revealed a decline of structural integrity in form of loss of pretension in bolts of structural steel connections. To get an understanding about the underlying damage mechanisms as well as to assure the structural safety in operation, a multifaceted Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system was planned and installed at the structure with the help of digital models. For planning the monitoring system but especially for supporting the investigation of the damaging process finite element models are deployed. Though, to ensure the capability of the FE model to reproduce the real structural behavior in sufficient accuracy, it needs to be calibrated in respect to measured responses of the structure. The present contribution describes experimental and numerical investigations to identify the structural system of the steel tube lattice tower in preparation of the monitoring campaign. An ambient vibration test allowed the identification of the natural frequencies of several global vibrational modes of the drop test tower. For model updating first a sensitivity analysis is applied to identify the most influencing parameter. In succession a genetic algorithm was applied for optimization in the sense of minimization of the difference between measured and simulated characteristic responses. The updated model is finally validated on the dynamic response of the tower structure to a real drop test induced impact loading. The results showed a good agreement between numerical and experimental results though the robustness of the simulation should be improved by more sophisticated numerical modelling. T2 - 7. VDI-Fachtagung Baudynamik CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 27.04.2022 KW - Großer Fallturm Horstwalde KW - Structural Health Monitoring KW - Belastungsversuch KW - Modalanalyse KW - Schwingungsdynamik KW - Finite Elemente Simulation PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-18-092379-6 SN - 978-3-18-102379-2 DO - https://doi.org/10.51202/9783181023792-265 SN - 0083-5560 VL - 2379 SP - 265 EP - 284 PB - VDI-Verlag CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-55472 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baeßler, Matthias T1 - Dynamisches Verhalten und Überwachung des Großen Fallturms der BAM in Horstwalde N2 - Falltürme sind Bauwerke, die als Versuchsanlagen sehr speziellen, impulsartigen Belastungen ausgesetzt sind. Am Fallturm auf dem Testgelände Technische Sicherheit (TTS) der BAM wurde bei Routineinspektionen eine Abnahme der strukturellen Integrität in Form von Vorspannungsverlusten in den Bolzen der Stahlverbindungen festgestellt. Um ein Verständnis für die zugrundeliegenden Trag- und Schädigungsmechanismen zu erlangen, wurde ein umfassendes Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) System geplant und am Bauwerk installiert unter Nutzung von digitalen Bauwerksmodellen. Für die Auslegung des Überwachungssystems, insbesondere aber zur Unterstützung der Untersuchung des Schädigungsprozesses, wurden Finite-Elemente-Modelle erstellt. Um sicherzustellen, dass die FE-Modelle das reale Tragwerksverhalten mit ausreichender Genauigkeit abbilden, mussten sie jedoch in Bezug auf die gemessenen Antworten des Tragwerks kalibriert werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen zur Identifizierung des strukturellen Systems des Stahlrohrgitterturms in Vorbereitung einer Überwachungskampagne. Die Auswertung von gemessenen Schwingungen unter ambienter Anregung ermöglichte die Identifizierung der Eigenfrequenzen mehrerer globaler Schwingungsmoden des Fallturms. Zur Modellvalidierung wurde zunächst eine Sensitivitätsanalyse durchgeführt, um die Parameter mit dem größten Einfluss zu ermitteln. Anschließend wurde ein evolutionärer Algorithmus (EA) zur Optimierung nach dem Prinzip der Minimierung der Differenzen zwischen gemessenen und simulierten charakteristischen Antworten eingesetzt. Das aktualisierte Modell wurde schließlich an der dynamischen Reaktion der Turmstruktur infolge einer realen Falltest-induzierten Stoßbelastung validiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen numerischen und experimentellen Ergebnissen. N2 - Drop test towers are structures subjected to very specific dynamic loadings. At the drop test tower at the Test Site Technical Safety (TTS) of BAM routine inspections revealed a decline of structural integrity in form of loss of pretension in bolts of structural steel connections. To get an understanding about the underlying damage mechanisms as well as to assure the structural safety in operation, a multifaceted Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system was planned and installed at the structure with the help of digital models. For planning the monitoring system but especially for supporting the investigation of the damaging process finite element models are deployed. Though, to ensure the capability of the FE model to reproduce the real structural behavior in sufficient accuracy, it needs to be calibrated in respect to measured responses of the structure. The present contribution describes experimental and numerical investigations to identify the structural system of the steel tube lattice tower in preparation of the monitoring campaign. An ambient vibration test allowed the identification of the natural frequencies of several global vibrational modes of the drop test tower. For model updating first a sensitivity analysis is applied to identify the most influencing parameter. In succession a genetic algorithm was applied for optimization in the sense of minimization of the difference between measured and simulated characteristic responses. The updated model is finally validated on the dynamic response of the tower structure to a real drop test induced impact loading. The results showed a good agreement between numerical and experimental results though the robustness of the simulation should be improved by more sophisticated numerical modelling. T2 - 7. VDI-Fachtagung Baudynamik CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 27.04.2022 KW - Großer Fallturm Horstwalde KW - Structural Health Monitoring KW - Belastungsversuch KW - Modalanalyse KW - Schwingungsdynamik KW - Finite Elemente Simulation PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55470 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Auersch, Lutz A1 - Said, Samir T1 - Dynamic track-soil interaction – calculations and measurements about slab and ballast tracks N2 - The dynamic behaviour of slab and ballast tracks has been investigated by measurements and calculations. Hammer impacts and train passages have been analysed. Measurements have been performed by geophones (velocity transducers) which have been time-integrated to displacements. The calculations are done in frequency-wavenumber domain for multi-beam-on-continuous soil models. The characteristics of the different tracks and track elements have been established in theory and experiment. The frequency-dependent compliances (displacement transfer functions) show clear rail-on-rail-pad resonances or highly damped track-soil resonances. Compared to the rail and sleeper, the track plate has much lower amplitudes. The slab track has usually the highest rail amplitudes due to soft rail pads. The train passage yields track displacements which are a superposition of the axle loads from the two neighbouring axles of a bogie and from the two bogies of two neighbouring carriages. This global behaviour is characteristic for the track plate of the slab track whereas the rails of the slab and the ballast track behave more local with only one bogie of influence. The measurements agree very well with the theory of the continuous soil in case of the six measured slab tracks and acceptably well for the six measured ballast tracks. The measurements allow to find appropriate model parameters and to check the models, for example the Winkler model of the soil has been found less appropriate as it reacts more locally. KW - Slab track KW - Ballast track KW - Train passage KW - Hammer impact KW - Track-soil interaction PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1900651 SN - 1673-565X VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 21 EP - 36 PB - Zhejiang University Press CY - Hangzhou AN - OPUS4-52107 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Agasty, Amit A1 - Costard, René T1 - Dynamic response of reinforced concrete (RC) components in scaled-down blast tests N2 - Current capabilities for full-scale field testing are highly resource intensive. Reliable small-scale experiments are an effective alternative. Characterization of the dynamic response and damage of RC elements to scaled blast loads was investigated in scaled-down field experiments. Spatially resolved information on the dynamic structural response using distributed fiber optic acoustic sensing (DAS) and acceleration as well as blast loading by piezoelectric pressure sensors. T2 - 45. Informationstagung Sprengtechnik CY - Siegen, Germany DA - 05.04.2024 KW - Blast tests KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Acceleration sensors PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59808 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz ED - Carletti, E. ED - Crocker, M. ED - Pawelczyk, M. ED - Tuma, J. T1 - Dynamic measurements during drop tests on stiff foundations N2 - Measurements at the foundation, the surrounding soil and nearby buildings have been done during several drop tests of different containers on different foundations. The first measurements have been done on a big foundation where it should be guaranteed that the foundation is rigid and the container is tested properly. It was controlled that the foundation does not absorb more than 2 percent of the energy of the container. Most of the drop energy is lost in shock absorbers. Later on, a smaller drop test facility has been built on the ground but inside an existing building. It had to be controlled by prediction and measurements that the drop test will not damage the building. Tests from different heights on soft, medium, and stiff targets have been done to find out rules which allow to identify acceptable and unacceptable drop tests. Later on, the biggest drop test facility has been built for masses up to 200 t. It was necessary for the design of the foundation to estimate the forces which occur during the drop tests. On the other hand, the acceptable tests should be selected and controlled by measurements where the impact duration is important. Different sensors, accelerometers, accelerometers with mechanical filters, geophones (velocity transducers), strain gauges, and pressure cells have been applied for these tasks. The signals have been transformed to displacements which proved to be best suited for the interpretation of the impact mechanism. Modell calculations have been used to check and understand the dynamic measurements. The simplest law is the conservation of the momentum which is a good approximation if the impact is short. If the soil under the foundation has an influence on the deceleration of the container, the maximum foundation velocity is lower than the simple estimation. The amplitudes of the foundation could also be estimated from the ground vibrations and their amplitude-distance law. T2 - 27th International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV27) CY - Online meeting DA - 11.07.2021 KW - Drop test KW - Vibration measurement KW - Container loading KW - Foundation load PY - 2021 SN - 978-83-7880-799-5 SN - 2329-3675 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Silesian University Press CY - Gliwice, Poland AN - OPUS4-53255 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Dynamic measurements during drop tests on stiff foundations N2 - Measurements at the foundation, the surrounding soil and nearby buildings have been done during several drop tests of different containers on different foundations. The first measurements have been done on a big foundation where it should be guaranteed that the foundation is rigid and the container is tested properly. It was controlled that the foundation does not absorb more than 2 percent of the energy of the container. Most of the drop energy is lost in shock absorbers. Later on, a smaller drop test facility has been built on the ground but inside an existing building. It had to be controlled by prediction and measurements that the drop test will not damage the building. Tests from different heights on soft, medium, and stiff targets have been done to find out rules which allow to identify acceptable and unacceptable drop tests. Later on, the biggest drop test facility has been built for masses up to 200 t. It was necessary for the design of the foundation to estimate the forces which occur during the drop tests. On the other hand, the acceptable tests should be selected and controlled by measurements where the impact duration is important. Different sensors, accelerometers, accelerometers with mechanical filters, geophones (velocity transducers), strain gauges, and pressure cells have been applied for these tasks. The signals have been transformed to displacements which proved to be best suited for the interpretation of the impact mechanism. Modell calculations have been used to check and understand the dynamic measurements. The simplest law is the conservation of the momentum which is a good approximation if the impact is short. If the soil under the foundation has an influence on the deceleration of the container, the maximum foundation velocity is lower than the simple estimation. The amplitudes of the foundation could also be estimated from the ground vibrations and their amplitude-distance law. T2 - 27th international Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV27) CY - Online meeting DA - 11.07.2021 KW - Drop test KW - Vibration measurement KW - Container loading KW - Foundation load PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53256 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Auersch, Lutz A1 - Song, Jiaojiao T1 - Dynamic damage detection of slab tracks – finite element models on Winkler soil and finite-element boundary-element models on continuous soil N2 - The train passages over intact or damaged slab tracks on different soils have been calculated by two methods. The finite element method (FEM) uses a Winkler soil under the track model by adding a thin “soil layer”. The combined finite element boundary element method has a continuous soil model which is included by the boundary element method. The basic results are the distributions of the track (rail, track plate, and base layer) displacements along the track for a single axle laod. These solutions are superposed to a complete train load and transformed to time histories. The influence of track and soil parameters has been analysed. The main interest is the influence of the track damage. A gap between track plate and base layer of different lengths has been studied for changes in amplitudes and widths of deflection. A best fit to measured track displacements has been found so that the track damage can be identified and quantified. The FEM model with Winkler soil cannot be fitted to the amplitude and width with the same soil parameters. Therefore, the FEBEM model is preferable for these railway track problems. KW - Track damage quantification KW - Finite element method KW - Combined finite-element boundary-element method PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-562207 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/civileng3040055 SN - 2673-4109 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 979 EP - 997 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-56220 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baier, Johanna T1 - Down to Earth - Stampflehm N2 - Der Vortrag „Stampflehm“ gibt einen kurzen Überblick zur stofflichen Zusammensetzung von Stampflehm sowie zu verschiedenen Fertigungstechniken im Stampflehmbau. Es werden wichtige konstruktive Details erläutert und Hinweise bezüglich der Ausführung von Stampflehmwänden gegeben. Darüber hinaus wird das aktuell gültige Bemessungskonzept vorgestellt und dessen Schwachstellen aufgezeigt. Im Anschluss erfolgt eine Gegenüberstellung von Stampflehm mit verschiedenen Massivbauweisen hinsichtlich Tragfähigkeit, Schall- und Brandschutz sowie der Ökobilanz. Abschließend wird von aktuell laufenden Forschungsvorhaben im Bereich des Stampflehmbaus berichtet. T2 - Down to Earth - digitale Ringvorlesung CY - Online meeting DA - 10.12.2025 KW - Stampflehm PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65093 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Nerger, Deborah A1 - Moosavi, Robabeh A1 - Grunwald, Marcel T1 - Discussion on data evaluation of tomographic and numerical results N2 - The contribution discusses the processing and analysis of data generated on two different ways of investigations for impact damage in reinforced concrete structures. Damage investigations are essential to determine type and characteristics of damage and thus the residual capacity. Damage describing data is generated using two different types of investigation, a non-destructive tomographic as well as numerical examination. Subsequently, data of both sources was merged and analysed. Within the research project “Behaviour of structural components during impact load conditions caused by aircraft fuel tank collision” reinforces concrete plates were damaged by impact loading, see Hering (2020). Afterwards the damaged specimens were investigated tomographically as well as numerically using several methods and models. Aim of the presented research work was to specify an objective comparability of numerical data with experimentally determined damage patterns and based on this, to establish a quantitative damage evaluation. T2 - 26th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.07.2022 KW - Impact damage on reinforced concrete KW - Tomographic damage evaluation KW - Numerical damage simulation PY - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-55474 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hille, Falk T1 - Discussion on data evaluation of tomographic and numerical results N2 - The contribution discusses the processing and analysis of data generated on two different ways of investigations for impact damage in reinforced concrete structures. Damage investigations are essential to determine type and characteristics of damage and thus the residual capacity. Damage describing data is generated using two different types of investigation, a non-destructive tomographic as well as numerical examination. Subsequently, data of both sources was merged and analysed. Within the research project “Behaviour of structural components during impact load conditions caused by aircraft fuel tank collision” reinforces concrete plates were damaged by impact loading, see Hering (2020). Afterwards the damaged specimens were investigated tomographically as well as numerically using several methods and models. Aim of the presented research work was to specify an objective comparability of numerical data with experimentally determined damage patterns and based on this, to establish a quantitative damage evaluation. T2 - 26th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.07.2022 KW - Impact damage of reinforced concrete KW - Tomographic damage evaluation KW - Numerical simulation of impact damage PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55476 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Faghih-Naini, Sara A1 - Kuckuk, Sebastian A1 - Zint, Daniel A1 - Kemmler, Samuel A1 - Köstler, Harald A1 - Aizinger, Vadym T1 - Discontinuous Galerkin method for the shallow water equations on complex domains using masked block-structured grids N2 - We evaluate masked block-structured grids for ocean domains which allow to represent small-scale geometric features without resorting to very small blocks or excessive mesh resolution. The considered approach aims to combine the geometric flexibility of unstructured meshes with the computational efficiency of stencil-based discretizations and is implemented and tested in a quadrature-free discontinuous Galerkin shallow water solver. We investigate the accuracy and the computational performance of the scheme on a range of realistic ocean domains meshed with blocks of different size and provide some comparisons to results obtained on unmasked block-structured grids and unstructured meshes. KW - Water Science and Technology PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2023.104584 VL - 182 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-58884 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baier, Johanna A1 - Ziegert, Christof T1 - DIN 18940 für tragendes Lehmsteinmauerwerk – Potenzial und erste Anwendungserfahrungen N2 - Mit der Veröffentlichung der DIN 18940 Juni 2023 steht in Deutschland eine zeitgemäße Bemessungsgrundlage für tragendes Lehmmauerwerk zur Verfügung, die derzeit europaweit einmalig ist. Während nach bisherigen Vorschriften lediglich zweigeschossige Gebäude mit tragendem Lehmsteinmauerwerk realisierbar waren, ermöglicht die DIN 18940 nun den Einsatz von Lehmsteinmauerwerk in fünfgeschossigen, bis zu 13 m hohen Gebäuden. Das Bemessungskonzept der DIN 18940 lehnt sich an die Grundprinzipien der vereinfachten Berechnungsmethoden für unbewehrte Mauerwerksbauten nach DIN EN 1996-3/NA an und berücksichtigt dabei die materialspezifischen Eigenschaften von Lehmsteinmauerwerk. Anpassungen waren aufgrund der feuchteabhängigen Festigkeits- und Verformungskenngrößen sowie der im Vergleich zu herkömmlichem Mauerwerk geringen Steifigkeit erforderlich. Ein Vergleich mit konventionellem Mauerwerk aus Ziegeln, Porenbeton und Kalksandsteinen zeigt, dass Lehm hinsichtlich Tragfähigkeit und bauphysikalischen Eigenschaften im Bereich der Gebäudeklasse 1-4 konkurrenzfähig ist. Besonders die geringen CO2-Emissionen und die vollständige Rezyklierbarkeit machen Lehmsteinmauerwerk zu einer klimagerechten Alternative. Weiterhin werden erste Projekte vorgestellt, die nach DIN 18940 geplant wurden. Aus den Anwendungserfahrungen werden materialgerechte Entwurfsgrundsätze für Gebäude aus Lehmsteinmauerwerk formuliert. Abschließend zeigen Einblicke in laufende Forschung und zukünftige Entwicklung, wie das Potenzial von Lehmsteinmauerwerk weiter gesteigert werden kann. T2 - LEHM 2024 - 9. Internationale Fachtagung für Lehmbau CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 27.09.2024 KW - Lehmmauerwerk KW - Ökobilanzierung KW - Normung PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-62030 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baier, Johanna A1 - Ziegert, Christof T1 - DIN 18940 für tragendes Lehmsteinmauerwerk – Potenzial und erste Anwendungserfahrungen N2 - Mit der Veröffentlichung der DIN 18940 Juni 2023 steht in Deutschland eine zeitgemäße Bemessungsgrundlage für tragendes Lehmmauerwerk zur Verfügung, die derzeit europaweit einmalig ist. Während nach bisherigen Vorschriften lediglich zweigeschossige Gebäude mit tragendem Lehmsteinmauerwerk realisierbar waren, ermöglicht die DIN 18940 nun den Einsatz von Lehmsteinmauerwerk in fünfgeschossigen, bis zu 13 m hohen Gebäuden. Das Bemessungskonzept der DIN 18940 lehnt sich an die Grundprinzipien der vereinfachten Berechnungsmethoden für unbewehrte Mauerwerksbauten nach DIN EN 1996-3/NA an und berücksichtigt dabei die materialspezifischen Eigenschaften von Lehmsteinmauerwerk. Anpassungen waren aufgrund der feuchteabhängigen Festigkeits- und Verformungskenngrößen sowie der im Vergleich zu herkömmlichem Mauerwerk geringen Steifigkeit erforderlich. Ein Vergleich mit konventionellem Mauerwerk aus Ziegeln, Porenbeton und Kalksandsteinen zeigt, dass Lehm hinsichtlich Tragfähigkeit und bauphysikalischen Eigenschaften im Bereich der Gebäudeklasse 1-4 konkurrenzfähig ist. Besonders die geringen CO2-Emissionen und die vollständige Rezyklierbarkeit machen Lehmsteinmauerwerk zu einer klimagerechten Alternative. Weiterhin werden erste Projekte vorgestellt, die nach DIN 18940 geplant wurden. Aus den Anwendungserfahrungen werden materialgerechte Entwurfsgrundsätze für Gebäude aus Lehmsteinmauerwerk formuliert. Abschließend zeigen Einblicke in laufende Forschung und zukünftige Entwicklung, wie das Potenzial von Lehmsteinmauerwerk weiter gesteigert werden kann. T2 - LEHM 2024 - 9. Internationale Fachtagung für Lehmbau CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 27.09.2024 KW - Lehmmauerwerk KW - Ökobilanzierung KW - Normung PY - 2024 SP - 1 AN - OPUS4-62034 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baeßler, Matthias A1 - Weise, Sigurd T1 - Digitalization of Maintenance Processes N2 - Main aspects of Digitalization of Maintenance Processes are summarized and discussed. Introduction to the Windforce2024 session organised by BAM. T2 - Windforce 2024 CY - Bremerhaven, Germany DA - 11.06.2024 KW - Maintenance Digital Twin Offshore Wind Energy PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60350 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Ralf T1 - Digitalisierung sichert die Bauwerke von gestern und das Wissen von morgen N2 - Die moderne Gesellschaft in Deutschland und Europa profitiert von der hervorragenden baulichen Infrastruktur, die für uns viele Aspekte aus den Bereichen Mobilität, Energieversorgung, Transport, Umweltschutz, (Nah-)Erholung und Gefahrenabwehr zur Alltäglichkeit werden lassen und uns ein hohes Gefühl der technischen Sicherheit vermitteln. Viele der Annehmlichkeiten, wie beispielweise ein Hochgeschwindigkeitseisenbahnverkehrsnetz, zuverlässige Stromversorgung im europäischen Verbundsystem und ein immenser Personen-, Güter- und Warenverkehr auf der Straße, zu Wasser und in der Luft ist ohne eine leistungsfähige, resiliente und zuverlässige bauliche Infrastruktur undenkbar. KW - Bauwerksmonitoring KW - Bauwerksdiagnostik KW - Digitalisierung PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/bate.202270303 SN - 1437-0999 SN - 0932-8351 VL - 99 IS - 3 SP - 161 EP - 162 PB - Ernst & Sohn GmbH CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-54557 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eichner, Lukas A1 - Gerards-Wünsche, Paul A1 - Happel, Karina A1 - Weise, Sigurd A1 - Haake, Gerrit A1 - Sieber, Lars A1 - Flederer, Holger A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Baeßler, Matthias A1 - Huhn, Holger A1 - Küchler, Andreas T1 - Digitales Datenmanagement für die Instandhaltung von Offshore-Windparks T1 - Digital data management for maintenance in offshore wind farms N2 - Im Forschungsprojekt DiMoWind-Inspect wurde untersucht, welche Grundvoraussetzungen geschaffen werden müssen, um digitale Methoden für die Instandhaltung von Offshore-Windenergieanlagen einsetzen zu können. Daten aus allen Lebensphasen der Anlagen werden derzeit nur selten effizient dafür genutzt, um die sinnvollsten Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen am richtigen Ort, zum richtigen Zeitpunkt und mit den geringsten Kosten durchzuführen. Eine im Vorhaben entwickelte einheitliche Strukturierung der bisher häufig unstrukturierten Bau- und Instandhaltungsdaten ermöglicht ihre übergreifende, anwenderspezifische Verfügbarkeit. Hierfür werden Prinzipien des Referenzkennzeichnungssystems RDS-PP adaptiert. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie neben Bauteilen auch zusätzliche Informationen wie Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen oder Mängel strukturiert werden können. Dem Ansatz des Building Information Modeling folgend werden die Bauwerkskomponenten direkt mit den Informationen aus Inspektionen und weiteren Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen verknüpft. So können Informationen aus dem Betrieb über den Zustand der Struktur verarbeitet und für die maßgebenden Berechnungen und Nachweise zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Als Anwendungsfall wird ein zweistufiges Konzept vorgestellt, das zur Bewertung der Ermüdungslebensdauer eines korrosionsgeschädigten Konstruktionsdetails der Gründungsstruktur einer Offshore-Windenergieanlage mit Informationen aus der Instandhaltung eingesetzt wird. N2 - The DiMoWind-Inspect research project explored the essential requirements for implementing digital methods in the maintenance of offshore wind turbines. Currently, data from all stages of the turbines' lifecycles are underutilized, leading to suboptimal maintenance actions being taken in terms of location, timing, and cost. A consistent structuring of previously often unstructured construction and maintenance data developed in the project enables their cross-disciplinary, user-specific availability. To accomplish this, the principles of the Reference Designation System for Power Plants RDS-PP are applied. In this way, additional information, such as maintenance measures or defects, can be structured alongside components. The components of the structures are directly linked with information from inspections and other maintenance activities, following the Building Information Modeling approach. This allows for processing operational information about the condition of the structure and providing it for relevant calculations and assessments. As a use case, a two-stage concept is presented, utilizing maintenance information to assess the fatigue life of a corrosion-damaged structural detail in the support structure of an offshore wind turbine. KW - Building Information Modeling KW - Datenmanagement KW - Instandhaltung KW - Offshore-Windenergie KW - Referenzkennzeichnungssystem PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/bate.202400026 VL - 101 IS - 10 SP - 558 EP - 567 PB - Ernst & Sohn CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-60765 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schneider, Ronald T1 - Digitaler Zwilling im Erhaltungsmanagement von Straßenbrücken N2 - Digitale Zwillinge werden zukünftig ein integraler Bestandteil des Erhaltungsmanagements von Straßenbrücken sein. In diesem Beitrag wird argumentiert, dass sie nicht nur als digitale Abbilder physikalischer Bauwerke verstanden werden sollten, sondern als eine umfassende digitale Methode, die durch die Integration von Datenerfassung, Erhaltungsmaßnahmen, Datenmanagement, Bauwerksbewertung und Entscheidungsunterstützung die Bauwerksüberwachung und -erhaltung verbessert. In diesem Zusammenhang wird betont, dass der Übergang von der reaktiven zur prädiktiven Erhaltung durch den Einsatz von Digitalen Zwillingen nur dann realisierbar ist, wenn neben den erforderlichen diagnostischen und prognostischen Zustandsanalysen auch Methoden zur Optimierung von Entscheidungen über Datenerfassung und Erhaltungsmaßnahmen implementiert werden. Zur Veranschaulichung der Diskussion werden in diesem Beitrag exemplarisch zwei Bestandteile eines Digitalen Zwillings für das Erhaltungsmanagement von Verkehrsbrücken am Beispiel einer Eisenbahnbrücke demonstriert. Dabei wird zum einen gezeigt, wie Monitoringdaten mittels eines Datenmanagementsystems strukturiert verwaltet und für angeknüpfte Analysen bereitgestellt werden. Zum anderen erfolgt im Rahmen einer bauwerksspezifischen Einwirkungsermittlung eine Zugidentifikation anhand von gemessenen Schwellenschwingungen T2 - Workshop „Digitaler Zwilling im Lebenszyklusmanagement" der AG BIM in der Bauwerkserhaltung des Koordinierungsausschusses Erhaltung (KoA-Erhaltung) der B/L-DB Konstruktiver Ingenieurbau CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 09.04.2025 KW - Digitale Zwillinge KW - Erhaltung KW - Inspektion KW - Monitoring KW - Brücken PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62951 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eichner, Lukas A1 - Thiele, Marc A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Baeßler, Matthias T1 - Digitale Modellierungsprozesse in der wiederkehrenden Prüfung von Windenergieanlagen - DiMoWind-Inspect - Abschlusstreffen N2 - Dieses Dokument enthält die Präsentationsfolien des BAM-Teams beim Abschlusstreffen des Forschungsprojekts DiMoWind-Inspect. Es wurden die Arbeitspakete Datenmanagement, Referenzkennzeichnungssystem, Grundlagen der Schadensbewertung, Risikobasierte Inspektions- und Instandhaltungsplanung und Schadensdetektion mittels Risslumineszenz sowie eine abschließende Bewertung des Projekts vorgestellt. T2 - DiMoWind-Inspect - Abschlusstreffen CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.09.2024 KW - Building Information Modeling (BIM) KW - Referenzkennzeichnungssystem KW - Risslumineszenz (Riluminati) KW - Risikobasierte Inspektionsplanung (RBI) PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61054 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baeßler, Matthias A1 - Eichner, Lukas A1 - Weise, Sigurd T1 - Digital building management for OWEC-structures N2 - The presentation summarizes the data management and Digital modeling processes in the recurring inspection of wind turbines as developed in DiMoWind-Inspect. T2 - Windforce 2024 CY - Bremerhaven, Germany DA - 10.06.2024 KW - DiMoWind RDS-PP Maintenance Digital Twin Offshore Wind Energy PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60351 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Different types of continuous track irregularities as sources of train-induced ground vibration and the importance of the random variation of the track support N2 - Irregularities of the track are a main cause of train-induced ground vibration, and track maintenance is of great importance. Although geometric irregularities at the wheel-rail contact are widely used, other types of irregularities, such as stiffness irregularities, irregularities from different track positions and irregularities in the wave propagation, were analysed in the present study. The track behaviour was investigated by a multi-beam-on-soil model. This track model is coupled with a vehicle model to calculate the vehicle–track interaction. The track model was also used for the track filtering, which transfers a track support error to the equivalent rail irregularity or, conversely, the sharp axle pulse on the rail to a smoother pulse on the soil. In the case in which this filtering varies randomly along the track, the pulses of the moving static load induce a certain ground Vibration component (“the scatter of axle pulses”). This effect was calculated by the superposition of axle pulses in the frequency domain and by a stochastic simulation. Simultaneous vehicle, track and soil measurements at a certain site were used to evaluate the different excitation and ground Vibration components. The agreement between calculations and axle-box and soil measurements is good. The ground vibrations calculated from rail irregularities and corresponding dynamic loads, however, clearly underestimate the measured ground vibration amplitudes. Only the static load that is moving over a varying track support stiffness can produce the important mid-frequency ground Vibration component by the scatter of axle pulses. KW - Train-induced ground vibration KW - Geometric vehicle and track irregularities KW - Stiffness variation KW - Multi-beam track model KW - Track filtering KW - Dynamic axle loads KW - Static axle loads KW - layered soil PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-543846 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031463 SN - 2076-3417 VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-54384 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Die Minderung von Bahnerschütterungen – Messergebnisse aus Österreich, Deutschland und der Schweiz N2 - Die Minderung von Bahnerschütterungen neben Eisenbahnstrecken ist an vielen Stellen gemessen worden. Dabei ist neben der hochfrequenten Wirkung von elastischen Gleiselementen wie Schienenlager, Schwellensohlen und Unterschottermatten auch oft eine tieffrequente Minderung beobachtet worden. Diese tieffrequente Minderung wird interpretiert und mit der weiteren Lastverteilung der statischen Last erklärt. T2 - Wiener Dynamik Tage CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 25.07.2027 KW - Bahnerschütterungen KW - Minderung KW - Messungen KW - Schwellensohlen KW - Unterschottermatte KW - Gleistrog PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61228 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Die Minderung von Bahnerschütterungen – Messergebnisse aus Österreich, Deutschland und der Schweiz N2 - Die Minderung von Bahnerschütterungen neben Eisenbahnstrecken ist an vielen Stellen gemessen worden. Dabei ist neben der hochfrequenten Wirkung von elastischen Gleiselementen wie Schienenlager, Schwellensohlen und Unterschottermatten auch oft eine tieffrequente Minderung beobachtet worden. Diese tieffrequente Minderung wird interpretiert und mit der weiteren Lastverteilung der statischen Last erklärt. T2 - 3. Wiener Dynamik Tage CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 25.07.2024 KW - Bahnerschütterungen KW - Minderung KW - Messungen KW - Schwellensohlen KW - Unterschottermatten KW - Gleistrog PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 13 AN - OPUS4-61244 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Die Einfügedämmung bei Schienenfahrwegen Definition, Messung und Berechnung N2 - Die Definition und Beschreibung der Einfügedämmung im Normentwurf DIN 45673-4 ist noch nicht richtig. Es wird die Beschreibung aus DIN 45673-3 herangezogen, die für Messungen gilt. Für die drei Rechenverfahren gibt es jeweils eine passende Beschreibung. Mit diesen Vorlagen ist eine vernünftige Definition der Einfügungsdämmung zu finden. Es bedarf einer Abgrenzung gegenüber anderen (falschen) Möglichkeiten. Des Weiteren ist der Anhang 2 erweitert und der Parametersatz im Anhang 1 auf das Wesentliche reduziert worden. T2 - Norm-Arbeitsausschuss Schwingungsminderung in der Umgebung von Verkehrswegen CY - Online meeting DA - 14.12.2022 KW - Einfügungsdämmung KW - Schienenfahrwege KW - Kraft auf den Boden KW - Erschütterungen im Fernfeld PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56601 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schepers, Winfried T1 - Die Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy-Bedingung als Genauigkeits- und Stabilitätsbedingung bei FEM-Berechnungen zur Wellenausbreitung N2 - Bei numerischen Berechnungen zur Wellenausbreitung im Zeitbereich mit der FE-Methode wird sehr häufig die Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy-Bedingung als zwingend einzuhaltende Bedingung für das Zeitschrittintegrationsverfahren genannt. Darin wird gefordert, dass eine sich ausbreitende Welle innerhalb eines Zeitschritts nicht mehr als die Distanz zum nächstgelegenen Knotenpunkt zurücklegen dürfe. Dies lässt erwarten, dass es sich um eine physikalisch begründbare Bedingung handelt. Es ist jedoch in der Literatur zu beobachten, dass nicht weiter ausgeführt wird, ob es sich um eine Genauigkeits- oder um eine Stabilitätsbedingung handelt, und ob sie für alle Zeitschrittverfahren einzuhalten ist oder nur für einige spezielle. Auch werden entsprechende Aussagen ohne weiteren Quellennachweis gemacht. Dieser Beitrag erläutert zunächst die Fragestellung, der Courant et al. in der Originalveröffentlichung von 1928 nachgegangen sind, und zeigt auf, welche Bedeutung die von ihnen gefundene Beziehung für die dort untersuchte Fragestellung hat. Anschließend wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit die dort gewonnenen Erkenntnisse auf FEM-Berechnungen übertragen werden können. Die Betrachtung der Stabilitätsbedingungen verschiedener Zeitschrittintegrationsverfahren im Kontext von FEM-Berechnungen in der Strukturdynamik zeigt anschließend, dass es sich bei der CFL-Bedingung nicht um eine physikalisch begründbare Beziehung, sondern um eine rein numerische Bedingung ohne physikalischen Hintergrund handelt. T2 - 19. D-A-CH Tagung Erdbebeningenieurwesen und Baudynamik CY - Vienna, Germany DA - 18.09.2025 KW - Numerische Methoden KW - Zeitschrittintegration KW - Verkehrserschütterungen PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-200-10710-6 DO - https://doi.org/10.34726/10599 SP - 259 EP - 264 PB - Österreichische Gesellschaft für Erdbebeningenieurwesen und Baudynamik (OGE) CY - Wien AN - OPUS4-64191 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Die Berechnung der Einfügedämmung bei Schienenfahrwegen – die Impedanzmethode mit einem Freiheitsgrad N2 - Mit dieser Methode kann man die Einfügedämmung eines Schienenstützpunkts/einer Schwelle korrekt berechnen. Sie gilt in ihrer ursprünglichen Form für eine Unterschottermatte in einem Tunnel T2 - Norm-Arbeitsausschuss Schwingungsminderung in der Umgebung von Verkehrswegen CY - Online meeting DA - 20.1.2022 KW - Impedanzmethode KW - Elastische Elemente KW - Schienenfahrweg PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54243 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Die Amplitudenabnahme im Boden bei Punkt- und Zuglast N2 - Die Linienlastgesetzmäßigkeit gilt nicht für Zuganregung. Die Punktlastgesetzmäßigkeit wird bei kurzen Zügen in größeren Entfernungen erreicht. Bei langen Zügen reduziert sich die Abnahme um r-0,3 für die theoretische exponentielle Dämpfungsabnahme, um r-0,5 für die vereinfachte potentielle Dämpfungsabnahme. Die gemessenen Abnahmereduktionen liegen in diesem Bereich. T2 - Norm-Arbeitsausschuss Schwingungsminderung in der Umgebung von Verkehrswegen CY - Cologne/Germany und Online meeting DA - 28.10.2021 KW - Amplituden-Abstands-Gesetze KW - Geometrie KW - Dämpfung PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53704 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramasetti, Eshwar Kumar A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Degener, Sebastian A1 - Baeßler, Matthias T1 - Development of generic AI models to predict the movement of vehicles on bridges N2 - For civil, mechanical, and aerospace structures to extend operation times and to remain in service, structural health monitoring (SHM) is vital. SHM is a method to examining and monitoring the dynamic behavior of essential constructions. Because of its versatility in detecting unfavorable structural changes and enhancing structural dependability and life cycle management, it has been extensively used in many engineering domains, especially in civil bridges. Due to the recent technical developments in sensors, high-speed internet, and cloud computing, data-driven approaches to structural health monitoring are gaining appeal. Since artificial intelligence (AI), especially in SHM, was introduced into civil engineering, these modern and promising methods have attracted significant research attention. In this work, a large dataset of acceleration time series using digital sensors was collected by installing a structural health monitoring (SHM) system on Nibelungen Bridge located in Worms, Germany. In this paper, a deep learning model is developed for accurate classification of different types of vehicle movement on the bridge from the data obtained from accelerometers. The neural network is trained with key features extracted from the acceleration dataset and classification accuracy of 98 % was achieved. KW - Structural Health Monitoring KW - Artifical Intelligence KW - Machine Learning KW - Nibelungen Bridge PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-620289 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2024.09.307 VL - 64 SP - 557 EP - 564 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-62028 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ramasetti, Eshwar Kumar A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Degener, Sebastian A1 - Baeßler, Matthias T1 - Development of generic AI models to predict the movement of vehicles on bridges N2 - For civil, mechanical, and aerospace structures to extend operation times and to remain in service, structural health monitoring (SHM) is vital. SHM is a method to examining and monitoring the dynamic behavior of essential constructions. Because of its versatility in detecting unfavorable structural changes and enhancing structural dependability and life cycle management, it has been extensively used in many engineering domains, especially in civil bridges. Due to the recent technical developments in sensors, high-speed internet, and cloud computing, data-driven approaches to structural health monitoring are gaining appeal. Since artificial intelligence (AI), especially in SHM, was introduced into civil engineering, these modern and promising methods have attracted significant research attention. In this work, a large dataset of acceleration time series using digital sensors was collected by installing a structural health monitoring (SHM) system on Nibelungen Bridge located in Worms, Germany. In this paper, a deep learning model is developed for accurate classification of different types of vehicle movement on the bridge from the data obtained from accelerometers. The neural network is trained with key features extracted from the acceleration dataset and classification accuracy of 98 % was achieved. T2 - SMAR 2024 - 7th International Conference on Smart Monitoring, Assessment and Rehabilitation of Civil Structures CY - Salerno, Italy DA - 04.09.2024 KW - Machine learning KW - Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61375 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Pitters, S. A1 - Wedel, F. A1 - Hindersmann, I. T1 - Developing a guideline for structural health monitoring of road bridges in Germany N2 - In recent years, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has become a useful and increasingly widely used tool for supporting lifetime extensions of existing bridges with known structural deficiencies or indications of potentially critical damages or damage processes. At the same time, methods and tools are emerging, which enable monitoring-informed predictive maintenance of new and existing bridges based on digital twins. The monitoring process – starting from the definition of monitoring actions and ending with decisions based on monitoring outcomes – is complex and requires expertise in structural engineering, operation and maintenance of bridges, metrology, and data analytics. To support German road authorities, engineering consultancies, building contractors and other stakeholders of the bridge management, the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) has initiated the development of a new guideline for applying SHM as part of the management of road bridges. The guideline will present various use cases and for each identified use case, it will propose a proven monitoring scheme. In addition, the guideline will provide guidance on assessing the benefits of SHM as well as a common approach to managing monitoring data as a systematic basis for integrating monitoring data in the bridge management. This contribution discusses the motivation, objectives, and scope of the guideline, describes its use case centric structure and outlines the proposed data management. T2 - IABMAS 2024 CY - Kopenhagen, Danmark DA - 24.06.2024 KW - Guideline KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Road bridges KW - Infrastructure PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613947 SN - 978-1-032-77040-6 DO - https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003483755-236 SP - 2009 EP - 2017 PB - CRC Press AN - OPUS4-61394 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hille, Falk T1 - Developing a guideline for SHM of road bridges in Germany N2 - In recent years, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has become a useful and increasingly widely used tool for supporting lifetime extensions of existing bridges with known structural deficiencies or indications of potentially critical damages or damage processes. At the same time, methods and tools are emerging, which enable monitoring-informed predictive maintenance of new and existing bridges based on digital twins. The monitoring process – starting from the definition of monitoring actions and ending with decisions based on monitoring outcomes – is complex and requires expertise in structural engineering, operation and maintenance of bridges, metrology, and data analytics. To support German road authorities, engineering consultancies, building contractors and other stakeholders of the bridge management, the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) has initiated the development of a new guideline for applying SHM as part of the management of road bridges. The guideline will present various use cases and for each identified use case, it will propose a proven monitoring scheme. In addition, the guideline will provide guidance on assessing the benefits of SHM as well as a common approach to managing monitoring data as a systematic basis for integrating monitoring data in the bridge management. This contribution discusses the motivation, objectives, and scope of the guideline, describes its use case centric structure and outlines the proposed data management. T2 - IABMAS 2024 CY - Kopenhagen, Danmark DA - 24.06.2024 KW - Guideline KW - Infrastructure KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Road bridges PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61395 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Bösche, Thomas A1 - Carstens, Ole A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Holst, Ralph A1 - Käding, Max A1 - Kaplan, Felix A1 - Löhr, Manuel A1 - Richter, Walter A1 - Saloga, Katrin A1 - Schmidt, Sebastian A1 - Sodeikat, Christian A1 - Thenikl, Thomas T1 - Detektion von Spanndrahtbrüchen mit Schallemissionsanalyse N2 - Dieses Dokument beschreibt das Verfahren Schallemissionsanalyse zur Detektion von Spanndrahtbrüchen in Spannbetonbrücken im Rahmen einer kontinuierlichen Überwachung. Die Überwachung mit Schallemission liefert eine Aussage über die Anzahl von Spanndrahtbrüchen innerhalb des Überwachungszeitraumes und innerhalb der Reichweite der installierten Sensoren. Mit dem Verfahren können die Spanndrahtbrüche lokalisiert werden. Auf Basis einer weitgehend automatisierten Datenanalyse stehen Informationen über Drahtbrüche kurzfristig nach dem Ereignis zur Verfügung. Der Anwendungsbereich des Dokuments umfasst Brücken- und Ingenieurbauwerke mit Spanndrähten mit sofortigem oder nachträglichem Verbund. Spannsysteme ohne Verbund fallen nicht in den Anwendungsbereich. Die beschriebenen Verfahren können auf Spannsysteme ohne Verbund übertragen werden. Mit dem Verfahren Schallemissionsanalyse ist es nicht möglich, Spanndrahtbrüche zu finden, die vor dem Beginn der Überwachung entstanden sind. Das Dokument richtet sich an Baulastträger, Anbieter und Betreiber von Monitoringsystemen auf Basis der Schallemissionsanalyse sowie Ingenieurbüros, welche die Ergebnisse der Überwachung bewerten und Maßnahmen daraus ableiten. Es gibt Hinweise zur Planung, Ausschreibung, Installation und zum Betrieb von Monitoringsystemen zur Detektion von Spanndrahtbrüchen mit Schallemission sowie zur Überprüfung der Funktion installierter Systeme. Zur Funktionskontrolle werden Signale mit der Referenzquelle am Bauwerk ausgelöst. Diese Signale sind zu detektieren, innerhalb der vorgegebenen Genauigkeit zu lokalisieren und die vorgegebene Alarmkette muss angestoßen werden. KW - Schallemission KW - Brücke KW - Spannbeton KW - Spannstahlbruch PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-947971-34-3 VL - Richtlinie SE 05 SP - 1 EP - 33 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin ET - Ausgabe Mai 2024 AN - OPUS4-60679 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Thiele, Marc T1 - Detection and monitoring of the fatigue crack growth on welds – Application-oriented use of NDT methods N2 - Early detection of fatigue cracks and accurate measurements of the crack growth play an important role in the maintenance and repair strategies of steel structures exposed to cyclic loads during their service life. Observation of welded connections is especially of high relevance due to their higher susceptibility to fatigue damage. The aim of this contribution was to monitor fatigue crack growth in thick welded specimens during fatigue tests as holistically as possible, by implementing multiple NDT methods simultaneously in order to record the crack initiation and propagation until the final fracture. In addition to well-known methods such as strain gauges, thermography, and ultrasound, the crack luminescence method developed at the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), which makes cracks on the surface particularly visible, was also used. For data acquisition, a first data fusion concept was developed and applied in order to synchronize the data of the different methods and to evaluate them to a large extent automatically. The resulting database can ultimately also be used to access, view, and analyze the experimental data for various NDT methods. During the conducted fatigue tests, the simultaneous measurements of the same cracking process enabled a comprehensive comparison of the methods, highlighting their individual strengths and limitations. More importantly, they showed how a synergetic combination of different NDT methods can be beneficial for implementation in large-scale fatigue testing but also in monitoring and inspection programs of in-service structures - such as the support structures of offshore wind turbines. T2 - Fatigue Design 2023 CY - Senlis, France DA - 29.11.2023 KW - Crack growth KW - Fatigue KW - NDT KW - Welded PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-62374 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ratkovac, Mirjana A1 - Gerards-Wünsche, Paul A1 - Thiele, Marc A1 - Brackrock, Daniel A1 - Stamm, Michael T1 - Detection and monitoring of the fatigue crack growth on welds – Application-oriented use of NDT methods N2 - Early detection of fatigue cracks and accurate measurements of the crack growth play an important role in the maintenance and repair strategies of steel structures exposed to cyclic loads during their service life. Observation of welded connections is especially of high relevance due to their higher susceptibility to fatigue damage. The aim of this contribution was to monitor fatigue crack growth in thick welded specimens during fatigue tests as holistically as possible, by implementing multiple NDT methods simultaneously in order to record the crack initiation and propagation until the final fracture. In addition to well-known methods such as strain gauges, thermography, and ultrasound, the crack luminescence method developed at the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), which makes cracks on the surface particularly visible, was also used. For data acquisition, a first data fusion concept was developed and applied in order to synchronize the data of the different methods and to evaluate them to a large extent automatically. The resulting database can ultimately also be used to access, view, and analyze the experimental data for various NDT methods. During the conducted fatigue tests, the simultaneous measurements of the same cracking process enabled a comprehensive comparison of the methods, highlighting their individual strengths and limitations. More importantly, they showed how a synergetic combination of different NDT methods can be beneficial for implementation in large-scale fatigue testing but also in monitoring and inspection programs of in-service structures - such as the support structures of offshore wind turbines. T2 - Fatigue Design 2023 (FatDes 2023) CY - Senlis, France DA - 29.11.2023 KW - Fatigue KW - Welded KW - NDT KW - Crack growth PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600238 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2024.03.062 VL - 57 SP - 560 EP - 568 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-60023 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mendler, A. A1 - Döhler, M. A1 - Hille, Falk T1 - Detecting changes in boundary conditions based on sensitivity-based statistical tests N2 - Structural health monitoring is a promising technology to automatically detect structural changes based on permanently installed sensors. Vibration-based methods that evaluate the global system response to ambient excitation are suited to diagnose changes in boundary conditions, i.e., changes in member prestress or imposed displacements. In this paper, these changes are evaluated based on sensitivity-based statistical tests, which are capable of detecting and localizing parametric structural changes. The main contribution is the analytical calculation of sensitivity vectors for changes in boundary conditions (i.e., changes in prestress or support conditions) based on stress stiffening, and the combination with a numerically efficient algorithm, i.e., Nelson’s method. One of the main advantages of the employed damage diagnosis algorithm is that, although it uses physical models for damage detection, it considers the uncertainty in the data-driven features, which enables a reliabilitybased approach to determine the probability of detection. Moreover, the algorithm can be trained and the probability of detecting future damages can be predicted based on data and a model from the undamaged structure, in an unsupervised learning mode, making it particularly relevant for unique structures, where no data from the damaged state is available. For proof of concept, a numerical case study is presented. The study assesses the loss of prestress in a two-span reinforced concrete beam and showcases suitable validation approaches for the sensitivity calculation. T2 - International Symposium on Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE 2022) CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 16.08.2022 KW - Nelson’s method KW - Global ambient vibrations KW - Asymptotic local approach KW - Sensitivity vectors KW - Probability of detection KW - Stress stiffening PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-566632 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/27311 SN - 1435-4934 VL - 27 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - NDT.net CY - Kirchwald AN - OPUS4-56663 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eichner, Lukas T1 - Design of offshore jacket support structure for experimental fatigue life evaluation N2 - One crucial metric of interest to wind farm operators is the remaining useful life (RUL) of single components, wind turbines, or even entire wind farms. Occasionally, questions arise regarding how to operate a turbine, even in the presence of manufacturing or design errors, which from a computational design standpoint reduce the remaining lifetime below the intended service life. A typical measure involves adapting the monitoring and inspection plan. Using such a maintenance plan, the author intends to simulate the lifetime of jacket-type structure in a fatigue test. The objective of the experiment is to demostrate that systems like three-dimensional jackets possess redundancies that enable reliable continued operation, despite the reduced fatigue life of individual components due to technical flaws, if an appropriate maintenance concept is in place. This presentation discusses the steps leading to the procedure of the experiment including the design process and the maintenance planning. T2 - 19th eawe PhD Seminar CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 06.09.2023 KW - Offshore wind energy KW - Jacket support structure KW - Simulation and experiment KW - Structural integrity management KW - Risk-based maintenance planning PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58240 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cuéllar, Pablo T1 - Design challenges for Offshore wind-farms. From foundation mechanics to wind-farm aerodynamics N2 - This talk provides a brief introduction on general engineering design challenges for the offshore wind energy production. Some general features of the offshore wind-energy field from a civil engineering perspective are firstly presented, followed by a brief discussion of some of the main geomechanical issues for the foundation of the offshore turbines into the seabed. In the following part, an overview of relevant fluid-structure interactions and some options for an efficient numerical analysis are provided, where the hydromechanical Wave–Tower interaction is firstly discussed. Then, some general aspects of the windfarm aerodynamics are introduced. On the one hand, some modelling possibilities for the wake analysis of single turbines and turbine groups are discussed. And on the other hand the relevance of such analyses for a proper windfarm layout optimization is pointed out. In particular, this talk shows that: i) The bearing capacity of turbine multi-pile foundations can degrade under cyclic loading (waves, wind, …), while for monopile foundations cyclic hydromechanical coupling effects may take place, which may lead to a foundation softening; ii) Numerical analysis of a turbine’s interaction with wind/waves is useful and affordable, while simplified models can already provide a useful insight into the windfarm aerodynamics. iii) Turbulent wake analysis is very relevant for the windfarm layout. T2 - Colloquium "Energy systems compared", Winter semester 20/21, Faculty of Physics CY - Online meeting DA - 21.01.2021 KW - Offshore wind energy KW - Marine geotechnics KW - Fluid-structure interaction KW - Numerical modelling PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52038 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cuéllar, Pablo T1 - Design challenges for Offshore wind-farms. From foundation mechanics to wind-farm aerodynamics N2 - This talk provides a brief introduction on general engineering design challenges for the offshore wind energy production. Some general features of the offshore wind-energy field from a civil engineering perspective are firstly presented, followed by a brief discussion of some of the main geomechanical issues for the foundation of the offshore turbines into the seabed. In the following part, an overview of relevant fluid-structure interactions and some options for an efficient numerical analysis are provided, where the hydromechanical Wave–Tower interaction is firstly discussed. Then, some general aspects of the windfarm aerodynamics are introduced. On the one hand, some modelling possibilities for the wake analysis of single turbines and turbine groups are discussed. And on the other hand the relevance of such analyses for a proper windfarm layout optimization is pointed out. In particular, this talk shows that: i) The performance and behavior of the turbine's foundation is often conditioned by the appearance of large deformations, fluid couplings and grain-scale phenomena, whereby specific physical testing (both in field and lab conditions) and ad-hoc simulation techniques can provide useful insights for design; ii) Numerical analysis of a turbine’s interaction with wind/waves is already affordable in engineering scales, while simplified models can already provide a useful insight into the windfarm aerodynamics. iii) Turbulent wake analysis is very relevant for the windfarm layout. T2 - Colloquium "Energy systems compared", Winter semester 22/23, Faculty of Physics CY - Duisburg, Germany DA - 24.01.2023 KW - Offshore wind-turbine foundations KW - Water-structure interaction KW - Wind-farm aerodynamics PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-56888 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gerards-Wünsche, Paul T1 - Der Weg vom Labor zur industriellen Einsetzbarkeit der Risslumineszenz N2 - Der Vortrag beschreibt die Relevanz der Zuverlässigkeitsbewertung von klassischen ZfP- und SHM-Verfahren. Diese Zuverlässigkeitsbewertung soll auch für das an der BAM entwickelte Risslumineszenzverfahren durchgeführt werden. Die Risslumineszenz wird zunächst vorgestellt und es wird beschrieben welchen Weg man beschreiten muss, um eine Zuverlässigkeitsbewertung für eine Technik durchzuführen, die nicht nur als ZfP-Verfahren genutzt werden soll, sondern auch für die Dauerüberwachung unter der Einbindung einer KI-basierten automatisierten Risserkennung. Die mit dieser Erweiterung des Einsatzspektrums einhergehenden Faktoren für Messunsicherheit und -variabilität wird als Problematik erkannt und als zukünftige Aufgabe, die es zu lösen gilt, definiert. T2 - ZfP-Seminar Prof. Große TU München WS22 CY - Online meeting DA - 15.12.2022 KW - Rissprozes KW - Structural Health Monitoring KW - Risslumineszenz KW - Ermüdungsprüfung KW - Rissprozess PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56643 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cuéllar, Pablo T1 - Deep foundations for offshore wind turbines. Part 2: Lateral behaviour and Advanced topics T1 - Cimentaciones profundas para aerogeneradores marinos. Parte 2: Comportamiento lateral y temas avanzados N2 - his presentation deals with the phenomenology and design of pile foundations for offshore wind turbines, and is divided into two lectures. The second lecture continues with the case of laterally loaded offshore piles, which bears most relevance for the case of the monopile foundations. Here again, a clear separation between physical reality and design methods is intended. Finally, the last part of the second lecture introduces several advanced topics which lie outside the classical design approaches, namely the hydromechanical coupling effects (i.e. the excess pore-pressure generation around the monopiles), the cyclic pile fatigue and the so-called pile setup (i.e. the time effects on the axial pile capacity). The relevance of the latter two topics is illustrated with experimental results from a field testing campaign on real large-scale piles. T2 - CEDEX-UNED 2021 Master course on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering CY - Online meeting DA - 24.03.2021 KW - Offshore wind energy KW - Deep foundations KW - Offshore geomechanics KW - Lateral load bearing KW - Cyclic degradation KW - Pile ageing PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52342 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cuéllar, Pablo T1 - Deep foundations for offshore wind turbines. Part 1: Axial behaviour T1 - Cimentaciones profundas para aerogeneradores marinos. Parte 1: Comportamiento axial N2 - This presentation deals with the phenomenology and design of pile foundations for offshore wind turbines, and is divided into two lectures. The first lecture presents a brief introduction to the context and peculiarities of such foundations, and then focuses on the particular case of axially loaded piles. This part is most relevant for the relatively slender piles of the multi-pile substructures (i.e. jackets and tripods). A clear distinction between physical phenomenology and practical design is drawn here. T2 - CEDEX-UNED 2021 Master course on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering CY - Online meeting DA - 24.03.2021 KW - Offshore wind energy KW - Deep foundations KW - Offshore geomechanics KW - Axial load bearing KW - Design models PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52341 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cuéllar, Pablo T1 - Deep foundations for offshore wind turbines. Lecture 2: lateral behaviour and advanced topics T1 - Cimentaciones profundas para aerogeneradores marinos - Parte 2: Comportamiento lateral y tematica avanzada N2 - This presentation deals with the phenomenology and design of pile foundations for offshore wind turbines, and is divided into two lectures. The second lecture continues with the case of lateraly loaded offshore piles, which bears most relevance for the case of the monopile foundations. Here again, a clear separation between physical reality and design methods is intended. Finally, the last part of the second lecture introduces several advanced topics which lie outside the classical design approaches, namely the hydromechanical coupling effects (i.e. the excess pore-pressure generation around the monopiles), the cyclic pile fatigue and the so-called pile setup (i.e. the time effects on the axial pile capacity). The relevance of the latter two topics is illustrated with experimental results from a field testing campaign on real large-scale piles. T2 - Masters course on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Geotechnical Laboratory of CEDEX CY - Online meeting DA - 21.04.2020 KW - Pile foundations KW - Offshore wind turbines KW - Physical phenomenology KW - Design methods PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51059 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cuéllar, Pablo T1 - Deep foundations for offshore wind turbines. Lecture 1: Axial behaviour T1 - Cimentaciones profundas para aerogeneradores marinos - Parte 1: Comportamiento axial N2 - This presentation deals with the phenomenology and design of pile foundations for offshore wind turbines, and is divided into two lectures. The first lecture presents a brief introduction to the context and peculiarities of such foundations, and then focuses on the particular case of axially loaded piles. This part is most relevant for the relatively slender piles of the multi-pile substructures (i.e. jackets and tripods). A clear distinction between physical phenomenology and practical design is drawn here. T2 - Masters course on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Geotechnical Laboratory of CEDEX CY - Online meeting DA - 21.04.2020 KW - Pile foundations KW - Offshore wind turbines KW - Physical phenomenology KW - Design methods PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51057 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cuéllar, Pablo T1 - Deep foundations for offshore wind turbines - 2nd part: lateral behavior & advanced topics T1 - Cimentaciones profundas para aerogeneradores marinos. 2a parte: Comportamiento Lateral + Temática avanzada N2 - This presentation deals with the phenomenology and design of pile foundations for offshore wind turbines, and is divided into two lectures. The second lecture continues with the case of laterally loaded offshore piles, which bears most relevance for the case of the monopile foundations. Here again, a clear separation between physical reality and design methods is intended. Finally, the last part of the second lecture introduces several advanced topics which lie outside the classical design approaches, namely the hydromechanical coupling effects (i.e. the excess pore-pressure generation around the monopiles), the cyclic pile fatigue and the so-called pile setup (i.e. the time effects on the axial pile capacity). The relevance of the latter two topics is illustrated with experimental results from a field testing campaign on real large-scale piles. T2 - Masters course on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Geotechnical Laboratory of CEDEX CY - Online meeting DA - 17.03.2023 KW - Pile foundations KW - Offshore wind turbines KW - Physical phenomenology KW - Design methods KW - Numerical modelling KW - Physical testing PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57178 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cuéllar, Pablo T1 - Deep foundations for offshore wind turbines - 1st part: axial behavior T1 - Cimentaciones profundas para aerogeneradores marinos. 1a parte: Comportamiento axial N2 - This presentation deals with the phenomenology and design of pile foundations for offshore wind turbines, and is divided into two lectures. The first lecture presents a brief introduction to the context and peculiarities of such foundations, and then focuses on the particular case of axially loaded piles. This part is most relevant for the relatively slender piles of the multi-pile substructures (i.e. jackets and tripods). A clear distinction between physical phenomenology and practical design is drawn here. T2 - Masters course on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Geotechnical Laboratory of CEDEX CY - Online meeting DA - 17.03.2023 KW - Pile foundations KW - Offshore wind turbines KW - Physical phenomenology KW - Design methods KW - Numerical modelling KW - Physical testing PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57176 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lehmann, F. A1 - Hille, Falk T1 - Dauerüberwachung von Ingenieurbauwerken - Das neue Merkblatt B 09 der DGZfP T1 - Permanent monitoring of engineering structures The new leaflet B 09 of the DGZFP N2 - Messtechnische Systeme zur Dauerüberwachung von Bauwerken ermöglichen Einblicke in deren reale Trag- und Verformungsverhalten. Die Planung und technische Umsetzung solcher Maßnahmen erfordern für die erfolgreiche Erfüllung der Aufgabenstellungen eine hohe Fachkompetenz, sowohl auf der planerischen Seite, als auch für die fachliche Bewertung von angebotenen Monitoringlösungen. Als Hilfestellung dafür wurde von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) das Merkblatt „Dauerüberwachung von Ingenieurbauwerken“ erarbeitet, welches nun verfügbar ist. In diesem Beitrag werden die Inhalte des neuen Merkblatts vorgestellt und dieses in die vorhandene Literatur eingeordnet. KW - Structural Health Monitoring KW - Brücken KW - Windenergieanlagen KW - Merkblatt KW - Bauwerksüberwachung KW - Richtlinie PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/best.202200122 VL - 118 IS - 4 SP - 275 EP - 280 PB - Ernst & Sohn AN - OPUS4-57302 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baasch, Benjamin A1 - Groos, Jörn A1 - Heusel, Judith A1 - Noll, Martin T1 - Data-driven sparse coding for onboard condition monitoring of railway tracks N2 - Continuous monitoring of the rail condition plays an important role in railway maintenance and the planning of noise- and vibration-reducing measures. Rail monitoring can be carried out efficiently using vibro-acoustic measurements with onboard sensors. However, this approach generates large amounts of acoustic and vibration data, which makes real-time transmission, processing and storage a challenge. This paper presents a sparse coding framework applied in the time–frequency domain that aims to overcome these challenges by significantly reducing the amount of data while preserving important information for rail defect detection and diagnosis. The Short-Time Fourier Transform is used as a preprocessing step to transform raw signals into a time–frequency representation, capturing the non-stationary characteristics of the signals. The spectrum at each time window is then represented by a sparse linear combination of basis spectra, which form a dictionary. Online sparse dictionary learning is used to create a data-driven, adaptive representation tailored to the frequency characteristics of vibro-acoustic signals related to rail defects. Experimental data acquired with a microphone and an accelerometer mounted on the wheelset of a tram are used to evaluate the framework. The experimental results show that the framework is able to achieve high compression rates and reduce noise. A reduction in data size of 98% was obtained without loss of relevant information. The proposed approach offers significant advantages for modern railway condition monitoring systems. It is scalable for large amounts of data, energy efficient and suitable for real-time implementation. By reducing data bottlenecks, it enables efficient track monitoring with on-board sensors. This work thus contributes to the development of intelligent and cost-effective solutions for infrastructure management. KW - Railway KW - Noise and vibration KW - Condition monitoring KW - Sparse coding KW - Sparse dictionary learning KW - Compressed sensing PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-645038 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113542 SN - 0888-3270 VL - 241 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-64503 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liehr, Alexander A1 - Dingel, Kristina A1 - Kottke, Daniel A1 - Degener, Sebastian A1 - Meier, David A1 - Sick, Bernhard A1 - Niendorf, Thomas T1 - Data selection strategies for minimizing measurement time in materials characterization N2 - Every new material needs to be assessed and qualified for an envisaged application. A steadily increasing number of new alloys, designed to address challenges in terms of reliability and sustainability, poses significant demands on well-known analysis methods in terms of their efficiency, e.g., in X-ray diffraction analysis. Particularly in laboratory measurements, where the intensities in diffraction experiments tend to be low, a possibility to adapt the exposure time to the prevailing boundary conditions, i.e., the investigated microstructure, is seen to be a very effective approach. The counting time is decisive for, e.g., complex texture, phase, and residual stress measurements. Traditionally, more measurement points and, thus, longer data collection times lead to more accurate information. Here, too short counting times result in poor signal-to-background ratios and dominant signal noise, respectively, rendering subsequent evaluation more difficult or even impossible. Then, it is necessary to repeat experiments with adjusted, usually significantly longer counting time. To prevent redundant measurements, it is state-of-the-art to always consider the entire measurement range, regardless of whether the investigated points are relevant and contribute to the subsequent materials characterization, respectively. Obviously, this kind of approach is extremely time-consuming and, eventually, not efficient. The present study highlights that specific selection strategies, taking into account the prevailing microstructure of the alloy in focus, can decrease counting times in X-ray energy dispersive diffraction experiments without any detrimental effect on data quality for the subsequent analysis. All relevant data, including the code, are carefully assessed and will be the basis for a widely adapted strategy enabling efficient measurements not only in lab environments but also in large-scale facilities. KW - Materials characterization KW - Machine learning KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Measurement optimization PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-630831 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96221-1 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-63083 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Das Prognosetool der BAM zur Emission, Transmission und Immission von Bahnerschütterungen N2 - Die gesamte Prognose wurde rechnerisch erfasst. Die Rechenverfahren sind einfach und schnell. Die Emission und die Immission verwendet Übertragungsmatrizen. Die Transmissionsrechnung beruht auf der Dispersion der Rayleighwelle. Die Verknüpfung erfolgt über die Anregungskraft auf den Boden und über die Freifeldamplitude am Gebäude. Es sind viele Eingabemöglichkeiten für Messdaten vorgesehen. Messungen können von einem Ort auf einen anderen Ort übertragen werden. T2 - 98. Sitzung des Normausschusses "Schwingungsminderung in der Umgebung von Verkehrswegen" CY - Online meeting DA - 07.05.2020 KW - Bahnerschütterungen KW - Prognose KW - Übertragungsmatrizen KW - Rayleighwellendispersion PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50748 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Damage detection by flexibility functions and quasi-static moving load tests N2 - The contribution shows measurement examples of cars, floors, foundations, railway tracks, a footbridge, and a railbridge. Vibrations may include modes and waves. Namely in soil-structure interaction, modes are damped, shifted and prevented so that alternatives for the modal analysis are necessary: The approximation of the whole spectrum (flexibility function) and of the whole train passage (moving-load response). T2 - Symposium Emerging Trends in Bridge Damage Detection, Localization and Quantification CY - Luxembourg, Luxembourg DA - 05.05.2023 KW - Flexibility KW - Movin load test KW - Frequency response function KW - Cars KW - Floors KW - Foundations KW - Railway tracks KW - Footbridge KW - Railbridge KW - Damage detection PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57951 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Straub, D. ED - Matos, J.C. ED - Lourenço, P.B. ED - Oliveira, D.V. ED - Branco, J. ED - Proske, D. ED - Silva, R.A. ED - Sousa, H.S. T1 - Cumulative Failure Probability of Deteriorating Structures: Can It Drop? N2 - The reliability of deteriorating structures at time t is quantified by the probability that failure occurs within the period leading up to time t. This probability is often referred to as cumulative failure probability and is equal to the cumulative distribution function of the time to failure. In structural reliability, an estimate of the cumulative failure probability is obtained based on probabilistic Engineering models of the deterioration processes and structural performance. Information on the condition and the loading contained in inspection and monitoring data can be included in the probability estimate through Bayesian updating. Conditioning the probability of failure on the inspection or monitoring outcomes available at time t (e.g. detections or no detection of damages) can lead to a reduction in that probability. Such a drop in the cumulative failure probability might seem counterintuitive since the cumulative failure probability is a non-decreasing function of time. In this paper, we illustrate—with the help of a numerical example—that such a drop is possible because the cumulative probability before and after the updating is not based on the same information, hence not on the same probabilistic model. T2 - 18th International Probabilistic Workshop (IPW 2020) CY - Online meeting DA - 12.05.2021 KW - Deterioration KW - Structural systems KW - Time-variant reliability KW - Bayesian updating KW - Inspection KW - Monitoring PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73616-3_18 VL - 153 SP - 253 EP - 264 PB - Springer CY - Cham, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-52769 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schneider, Ronald T1 - Cumulative failure probability of deteriorating structures: Can it drop? N2 - The reliability of deteriorating structures at time t is quantified by the probability that failure occurs within the period leading up to time t. This probability is often referred to as cumulative failure probability and is equal to the cumulative distribution function of the time to failure. In structural reliability, an estimate of the cumulative failure probability is obtained based on probabilistic engineering models of the deterioration processes and structural performance. Information on the condition and the loading contained in inspection and monitoring data can be included in the probability estimate through Bayesian updating. Conditioning the probability of failure on the inspection or monitoring outcomes available at time t (e.g. detections or no detection of damages) can lead to a reduction in that probability. Such a drop in the cumulative failure probability might seem counterintuitive since the cumulative failure probability is a non-decreasing function of time. In this paper, we illustrate—with the help of a numerical example—that such a drop is possible because the cumulative probability before and after the updating is not based on the same information, hence not on the same probabilistic model. T2 - 18th Internatinoal Probabilistic Workshop (IPW 2020) CY - Online Meeting DA - 12.05.2021 KW - Deterioration KW - Structural systems KW - Time-variant reliability KW - Bayesian updating KW - Inspection KW - Monitoring PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52770 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zinas, Orestis A1 - Wilhelm, Sigrid T1 - CPT-based probabilistic design of monopile foundations N2 - This work was presented in the two-day workshop ‘Reliability-based methods in geotechnics’ organized by BAM and DGGT AK 2.15 in cooperation with the DGGT Academy. The presentation provides an overview of the sources of uncertainty in geotechnical analyses. A probabilistic 3D ground model of the cone-tip resistance from CPTs is developed utilizing sparse CPT data from a real offshore wind farm site in the North Sea. The predictive cone tip resistance model is used to derive a design property, such as the friction angle, using geotechnical transformation models. The friction angle profiles are then used to show an example of monopile design under uncertainty. T2 - Workshop: Einführung in die zuverlässigkeitsbasierte Bemessung in der Geotechnik 2024 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 19.11.2024 KW - Geotechnical site-characterization KW - CPT KW - Spatial variability KW - Gaussian process regression KW - Design of monopiles KW - Offshore wind farms PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61716 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zinas, Orestis T1 - CPT-based probabilistic analysis of monopile foundations considering spatial and transformation uncertainties N2 - This study utilizes cone penetration testing data data from a real offshore windfarm project in the North Sea and presents a method for incorporating both, statistical and spatial uncertainties, in a reliability-based assessment of monopile foundations. Initially, a Gaussian Process regression model is constructed to predict a 3D map of the cone tip resistance and the associated uncertainties in the predictions and the hyperparameters, leveraging Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. The CPT-based prediction is combined with a correlation derived from data collected at a nearby site to predict the probability distribution of the friction angle at a test location, which is subsequently used to evaluate the probability of failure for a monopile foundation with a finite element model. T2 - 9th International Symposiumon Geotechnical Safety and Risk (ISGSR) CY - Oslo, Norway DA - 25.08.2025 KW - Monopile design KW - Cone Penetration Test KW - Gaussian process regression KW - Bayesian Inference PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64001 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brinkmann, M. A1 - Wiehle, Philipp T1 - Correlation between relative humidity and the strength and deformation characteristics of unstabilised earth masonry N2 - The mechanical properties of unstabilised earthen building materials are distinctively influenced by changes in material moisture content. However, this moisture-dependency often remains unconsidered in the calculation of the load-bearing capacity of earth constructions. This paper aims to derive a convenient way to sufficiently consider the impact of different material moisture contents on the mechanical properties of unstabilised earth masonry. Therefore, the influence of relative humidity and temperature on the strength and deformation characteristics of unstabilised earth blocks, earth mortar and earth masonry is evaluated by conducting compression tests under various climate conditions. The results show that the compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity are linearly correlated with the relative humidity, whereas changes in temperature at constant relative humidity have no significant influence. To account the distinct moisture-dependency, a general applicable modification factor for unstabilised earthen materials is provided, which enables the adjustment of the compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity in dependency of arbitrary hygroscopic material moisture contents. KW - Earth masonry KW - Earth blocks KW - Relative humidity KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Moisture KW - Compressive strength KW - Stress–strain-relation PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.130048 SN - 0950-0618 VL - 366 IS - 22 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier BV AN - OPUS4-56732 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schepers, Winfried T1 - Cone penetration tests and dynamic soil properties N2 - Current standards like ISO 14837-32:2015 and DIN EN 1998-1/NA:2021 as well as prEN 1997-2:2022 allow for using correlations between the results of in-situ soil penetration tests and shear wave velocity (or shear modulus) to determine soil properties to be used in dynamic analyses. While the ISO and prEN standards even provide some recommendations on specific correlations to be used, the DIN standard does not. Due to the statistical nature of such correlations their general applicability has to be verified. We collected data sets from test sites from Germany as well as New Zealand at which cone penetration tests (CPT) as well as seismic site investigation methods were conducted. These sites comprise sandy soils as well as clayey soils, mixed soils as well as glacial soils. We compare the results of several correlations between CPT results and shear wave velocity. The accuracy of such correlations is assessed with respect to the accuracy of seismic in-situ tests. It turns out that for clean sands such correlations between CPT and Vs have a similar order of variability as seismic in-situ tests conducted at the same site. The higher the fines portion of the soil, the higher the variability of the statistical correlations, and consequently the less the general applicability. For glacial soils and other special soil types usage of statistical correlations to determine dynamic soil properties is not recommended. T2 - Eurodyn 2023 CY - Delft, Netherlands DA - 02.07.2023 KW - Dynamic soil properties KW - Statistical correlations PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58582 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schepers, Winfried A1 - Kulke, D. T1 - Cone penetration tests and dynamic soil properties N2 - ISO 14837-32:2015 and DIN EN 1998-1/NA:2021 as well as prEN 1997-2:2022 allow for us-ing correlations between the results of in-situ soil penetration tests and shear wave velocity (or shear modulus) to determine soil properties to be used in dynamic analyses. While the ISO and prEN standards even provide some recommendations on specific correlations to be used, the DIN standard does not. Due to the statistical nature of such correlations their general applica-bility has to be verified. We collected data sets from test sites from Germany as well as New Zealand at which cone penetration tests (CPT) as well as seismic site investigation methods were conducted. These sites comprise sandy soils as well as clayey soils, mixed soils as well as glacial soils. We compare the results of several correlations between CPT results and shear wave velocity. The accuracy of such correlations is assessed with respect to the accuracy of seismic in-situ tests. It turns out that for clean sands such correlations between CPT and Vs have a similar order of variability as seismic in-situ tests conducted at the same site. The higher the fines portion of the soil, the higher the variability of the statistical correlations, and conse-quently the less the general applicability. For glacial soils and other special soil types usage of statistical correlations to determine dynamic soil properties is not recommended. T2 - XII International Conference on Structural Dynamics CY - Delft, Netherlands DA - 02.07.2023 KW - Wave propagation KW - Soil properties KW - Dynamic excitation PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604887 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2647/25/252005 VL - 2647 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - IOP Publishing CY - Bristol AN - OPUS4-60488 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baeßler, Matthias T1 - Computational Geomechanics for Offshore Wind N2 - Simulations for the Safety and Efficiency of Foundations in the Offshore Wind Energy Production. T2 - Poster Challenge - EERA JP Wind Online Annual Event 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 14.09.2020 KW - Numerical simulations KW - Marine geomechanics KW - Offshore wind energy PY - 2020 UR - https://www.eerajpwind.eu/events/eera-jp-wind-setwind-annual-event-2020/ AN - OPUS4-51280 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thibaux, Philippe A1 - Thiele, Marc A1 - Van Wittenberghe, Jeroen A1 - Baeßler, Matthias T1 - Comparison of resonance and hydraulic testing on large scale fatigue tests of welded tubular joints for offshore wind turbine foundations N2 - Jackets structures as foundations for offshore wind energy converters are efficient solutions. But these structures require the welding of a large number of joints. The design of the Jacket structures is typically driven by fatigue. Therefore, consequently the fatigue strength of the joints is a primary parameter for an optimized design. The present paper investigates if tubular joints produced by manual welding using the current techniques have an improved performance compared to the relevant standards that are applied for the design of the foundations. To investigate this, 4 full-scale tests in geometry representative of a structure were performed, 2 using a resonance method and 2 using a three-point bending method with hydraulic actuators. The results are similar, with cracks initiated early and extending extensively before failure. The results are very close to the current T-curve from DNV RP-C203 applied for tubular joints. KW - Fatigue KW - Tubular joints KW - Resonance testing KW - Steel welds PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2024.108797 SN - 0142-1123 VL - 193 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-62373 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kang, Chongjie A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Eisermann, Cedric A1 - Marx, Steffen ED - Chang, Fu-Kuo ED - Guemes, Alfredo T1 - Collaborative Structural Health Monitoring for Bridge Digital Twins N2 - Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is an effective tool that not only reduces reliance on periodic inspections but also enhances them by analyzing the current state of a structure based on the latest structural data. Collaborative SHM, which integrates various SHM systems within the scope of bridge digital twins (BDTs), enhances infrastructure resilience and maintenance strategies. However, it faces challenges in integrating distributed sensor networks and requires interdisciplinary collaboration. In this work, various aspects of enhancing collaborative SHM with BDTs are presented. As a pilot project, the Nibelungen Bridge in Worms (NBW), Germany, is introduced. Based on specific stakeholder and project requirements, various SHM systems havebeen installed on this bridge. To address these challenges, goal-oriented solutions have been developed and elaborated. Finally, conclusions and future outlooks are presented. T2 - 15th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY - Stanford, CA, USA DA - 09.09.2025 KW - SHM KW - Collaborative Sensing KW - Nibelungen Bridge KW - SPP100+ PY - 2025 SN - 978-1-60595-699-2 DO - https://doi.org/10.12783/shm2025/37546 SP - 2305 EP - 2312 PB - DEStech Publications CY - Lancaster, PA, USA AN - OPUS4-64851 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Wiehle, Philipp T1 - Closure of "Quantification of moisture content in earth block masonry under natural climatic conditions" N2 - In January 2025, the research paper “Quantification of moisture content in earth block masonry under natural climatic conditions” was published in Construction and Building Materials. The central theme was the moisture monitoring of a masonry wall made of unstabilised earth blocks over a period of around 18 months. The experimental results were compared to WUFI simulations, and the moisture transport in layered wall constructions was eventually studied in WUFI. Prof. Janssen discussed this publication in Construction and Building Materials. He raised concerns about the experiments and modelling of moisture transport. In this closure, the capillary adsorption coefficient was recalculated, and deviations from the initial value were quantified. Sensitivity analyses were conducted in WUFI to evaluate the influence of different water vapour resistances and water adsorption coefficients. The resulting moisture transport was then compared to material moisture profiles measured using 1H NMR relaxometry. Finally, the water adsorption behaviour of different earth materials is discussed in respect to material moisture and corresponding relative humidity. KW - Earth masonry KW - Moisture transport KW - Capillary water absorption KW - Embedded humidity sensors KW - NMR KW - WUFI KW - Material moisture KW - Water vapour diffusion resistance KW - Sustainable building materials PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-637569 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142552 SN - 0950-0618 VL - 491 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-63756 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baeßler, Matthias A1 - Balscheit, Hagen A1 - Schepers, Winfried A1 - Victor, Albrecht A1 - Daryaei, Reza A1 - Bianco, Marcelo A1 - Starost, Christina T1 - Close-out Webinar OWA VERBATIM N2 - The risk of pile base buckling is a major reason for high pile wall thicknesses in monopiles. The VERBATIM project - Verification of the buckling detection and behaviour of large monopiles - aimed to investigate buckling phenomena related to both the plastic deformation of the pile tip during installation and the buckling of the embedded pile near the seabed. Numerical models were developed and validated on the basis of extensive tests. This enables a better understanding of the buckling behaviour in order to reduce the wall thickness, which allows cost savings in the amount of steel and the development of safer and optimised structures. The previous design procedures were able to ensure the successful installation of the monopiles. However, as the size of monopiles continues to increase, the development of improved design methods for safe and cost-effective foundations is becoming increasingly important. The presentation provides an overview of the investigations carried out and the results. T2 - Webinar Carbon Trust Offshore Wind Accelerator CY - Online meeting DA - 22.05.2024 KW - Offshore Windenergy Pile Buckling PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60348 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Ramasetti, Eshwar Kumar A1 - Ponnam, Poojitha A1 - Degener, Sebastian ED - Briffaut, Matthieu ED - Torrenti, Jean Michel T1 - Characterization of Smart Acceleration Sensors for Traffic Recognition using AI at the Nibelungen Bridge Worms N2 - The integration of digital sensors into Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems presents both significant opportunities and challenges, particularly in terms of sensor data management, bandwidth optimization, and system performance enhancement. This study examines the use of smart digital acceleration sensors, specifically MEMS accelerometers with CAN bus interfaces, deployed on the Nibelungen Bridge in Worms, Germany. The research evaluates the sensors' performance and calibration through laboratory and in-situ measurements, focusing on traffic load detection for vehicle recognition using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. Additionally, the potential of AI, particularly autoencoders, in mitigating measurement uncertainties for traffic load detection is explored. T2 - 2025 fib International Symposium CY - Antibes, France DA - 16.06.2025 KW - SHM KW - Transfer Learning KW - SPP100+ KW - Nibelungen Bridge KW - Calibration KW - MEMS PY - 2025 UR - https://shop.fib-international.org/publications/fib-proceedings/1046-21th-fib-Symposium-Proceedings-in-Antibes-2025-France SN - 978-2-940643-29-5 SN - 2617-4820 SP - 3207 EP - 3816 CY - Antibes AN - OPUS4-64848 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Characteristics of train passages over slab tracks from measurements and different track-soil models - Damage detection and ground vibration reduction N2 - The train passages over intact or damaged slab tracks on different soils have been calculated by the finite-element boundary-element or the wavenumber-domain method. The influence of track and soil parameters on the distribution of the track displacements and the soil forces has been analysed. The measured and calculated displacement time histories of train passages could be used to identify track damages such as lose sleepers or a lose track plate. The time histories and spectra of the soil forces can explain the measured ground vibration reduction of slab tracks. The calculated displacement and force distributions of slab tracks on continuous soils do not fulfil the Winkler hypothesis and Winkler models should not be used for track analysis. KW - Wavenumber domain KW - Continuous soil KW - Slab track KW - Soil forces KW - Track displacements KW - Track filter KW - Vehicle–track interaction PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1177/0954409719835036 SN - 0954-4097 VL - 234 IS - 2 SP - 142 EP - 160 PB - Sage CY - London AN - OPUS4-50266 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Characteristic Frequencies of Train-Induced Bridge, Track, Ground and Building Vibrations – Excitation and Mitigation N2 - The characteristic frequencies of train-induced vibrations are discussed in theory and experiment following the propagation of vibrations from the source to the receiver: 1. Out-of-roundness frequencies of the wheels, 2. sleeper-passage frequency, 3. the vehicle-track eigenfrequency, 4. band frequency of the impulses of the passing static axle loads, 5. car-length frequency and multiples, 6. axle-distance frequencies with two characteristic zeros, 7. bridge eigenfrequencies, 8. the cut-on frequency due to the layering, and 9. the cut-off frequency due to the material damping of the soil, 10. the building-soil eigenfrequency, 11. as a rigid building or flexible wall/column mode, 12. floor eigenfrequencies, 13. acoustic room resonances, 14. the „resonance“ frequency or cut-off frequency of a base isolation. Coincidences of some of these characteristic frequencies or frequency ranges can be typically problematic and mitigation measures at the track or at the building can be necessary. The bridge response to the passing static loads is deter¬mined by the axle-sequence spectrum, the eigenfrequency (transfer function) of the bridge, and the modal force or mode shape spectrum. The ground vibration has typically high frequencies for a stiff soil and low frequencies for a soft soil. The high amplitudes between the zeros of the axle-sequence spectrum are often measured in the ground vibrations, and they can be mitigated by soft support elements or a higher bending stiffness of the track. T2 - EVACES 2025 CY - Porto, Portugal DA - 02.07.2025 KW - Train-induced vibration KW - Axle-sequence spectrum KW - Vehicle-track eigenfrequency KW - Axle impulses PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63654 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Characteristic Frequencies of Train-Induced Bridge, Track, Ground and Building Vibrations – Excitation and Mitigation N2 - The characteristic frequencies of train-induced vibrations are discussed in theory and experiment following the propagation of vibrations from the source to the receiver: 1. Out-of-roundness frequencies of the wheels, 2. sleeper-passage frequency, 3. the vehicle-track eigenfrequency, 4. band frequency of the impulses of the passing static axle loads, 5. car-length frequency and multiples, 6. axle-distance frequencies with two characteristic zeros, 7. bridge eigenfrequencies, 8. the cut-on frequency due to the layering, and 9. the cut-off frequency due to the material damping of the soil, 10. the building-soil eigenfrequency, 11. as a rigid building or flexible wall/column mode, 12. floor eigenfrequencies, 13. acoustic room resonances, 14. the „resonance“ frequency or cut-off frequency of a base isolation. Coincidences of some of these characteristic frequencies or frequency ranges can be typically problematic and mitigation measures at the track or at the building can be necessary. The bridge response to the passing static loads is deter¬mined by the axle-sequence spectrum, the eigenfrequency (transfer function) of the bridge, and the modal force or mode shape spectrum. The ground vibration has typically high frequencies for a stiff soil and low frequencies for a soft soil. The high amplitudes between the zeros of the axle-sequence spectrum are often measured in the ground vibrations, and they can be mitigated by soft support elements or a higher bending stiffness of the track. T2 - EVACES 2025 CY - Porto, Portugal DA - 02.07.2025 KW - Train-induced vibration KW - Vehicle excitation KW - Track response KW - Bridge resonance KW - Ground vibration KW - Soil-building transfer KW - Floor resonance KW - Axle-sequence spectrum KW - Vehicle-track eigenfrequency KW - Axle impulses PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-031-96113-7 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-96106-9_77 VL - 2025 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Springer CY - Cham, Schweiz AN - OPUS4-63655 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Auersch, Lutz T1 - Challenges of vibration prediction – realistic irregularities, the scattering of axle pulses, and the tunnel-surface reduction N2 - A prediction software has been developed by BAM. The following topics have still be solved. A realistic irregularity spectrum can be derived from axle-box measurements. It agrees wel with the spectrum used for the high-speed 2 project in the United Kingdom. In addition, the scattering of axle pulses should be included. This mid-frequency component can also be found in the HS2 procedure. Finally, the reduction in case of a tunnel line compared to a surface line should be included. Some measurement results of BAM, HS2 and other institutes show a certain mid-frequency reduction. This is due to the load distribution of the tunnel which yields softer axle pulses and the scattered axle impulses are reduced. T2 - ISO/TC 108/SC 2/WG 8 Working group Ground-borne noise and vibration from rail systems CY - London, UK DA - 21.11.2022 KW - Ground vibration KW - Railway trafiic KW - Prediction KW - Irregularities KW - Axle pulses KW - Tunnel line KW - Surface line PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56738 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Balscheit, Hagen T1 - Buckling Design of Soil Embedded Piles N2 - Monopiles sind die gängigste Gründungskonstruktion für Offshore-Windkraftanlagen, doch größere Turbinen erfordern Pfahldurchmesser über 10 m und Pfahllängen über 60 m, was das Risiko von lokalem Beulen in den eingebetteten Bereichen erhöht. Aktuelle Richtlinien berücksichtigen die Pfahl-Boden-Interaktion nicht ausreichend so dass nur ein vollständig numerischer GMNIA-Nachweis geführt werden kann. Für derartige Berechnungsmodelle fehlen allerdings derzeit noch validierungswerte für eingebettete Schalen. Experimente im Rahmen des VERBATIM-Projekts schließen diese Lücke. T2 - Phd Conference Univiersity Innsbruck CY - Innsbruck, Austria DA - 05.02.2025 KW - Buckling KW - Wind Energy KW - Monopile Foundation PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62534 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Balscheit, Hagen T1 - Buckling Behavior of embedded Shells N2 - Presentation on ongoing test campaign on buckling of embedded piles, which is part of the VERBATIM-Project. T2 - Phd Seminar LFU-Innsbruck CY - Innsbruck, Austria DA - 24.06.2022 KW - Buckling KW - Monopiles KW - Windenergy KW - Foundations KW - Offshore PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55458 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Schwiersch, Niklas T1 - Betrieb und Planung - Ausgewählte Vorteile von Risikoanalysen im Ingenieur- und Wasserbau N2 - Am 19. und 20.11.2024 veranstaltete die BAM und der DGGT AK 2.15 „Zuverlässigkeitsbasierte Methoden in der Geotechnik“ in Zusammenarbeit mit der DGGT-Akademie einen zweitägigen Workshop zur Einführung in die zuverlässigkeitsbasierte Bemessung. Im Rahmen der Vortragsveranstaltung am zweiten Tag wurden zum einen die unterschiedlichen Sicherheits- und Bemessungsphilosophien nach dem bewährten Teilsicherheitskonzept sowie nach dem zuverlässigkeitsbasierten Konzept vorgestellt. Zum anderen werden verschiedene Anwendungen zuverlässigkeitsbasierter Verfahren aus der Ingenieurpraxis und Wissenschaft präsentiert. In diesem Vortrag wurden aus Sicht des Ingenieur- und Wasserbaus Vorteile von Risikoanalysen u. a. für die Planung von Inspektionszyklen, die Ursachenforschung im Versagensfall und die Konzeption von Hochwasserrisikomanagement-Maßnahmen präsentiert. T2 - 2. Workshop des DGGT AK 2.15 „Zuverlässigkeitsbasierte Methoden in der Geotechnik“ CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 19.11.2024 KW - Risikoanalyse KW - Offshore-Strukturen KW - Hochwasserschutz PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61906 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Ronald A1 - Simon, Patrick A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Hille, Falk A1 - Baeßler, Matthias T1 - Bestandteile Digitaler Zwillinge im Erhaltungsmanagement von Verkehrsbrücken T1 - Components of digital twins in the operation and maintenance management of traffic bridges N2 - Digitale Zwillinge werden zukünftig ein integraler Bestandteil des Erhaltungsmanagements von Verkehrsbrücken sein. In diesem Beitrag wird argumentiert, dass sie nicht nur als digitale Abbilder physikalischer Bauwerke verstanden werden sollten, sondern als eine umfassende digitale Methode, die durch die Integration von Datenerfassung, Erhaltungsmaßnahmen, Datenmanagement, Bauwerksbewertung und Entscheidungsunterstützung die Bauwerksüberwachung und ‐erhaltung verbessert. In diesem Zusammenhang wird betont, dass der Übergang von der reaktiven zur prädiktiven Erhaltung durch den Einsatz von Digitalen Zwillingen nur dann realisierbar ist, wenn neben den erforderlichen diagnostischen und prognostischen Zustandsanalysen auch Methoden zur Optimierung von Entscheidungen über Datenerfassung und Erhaltungsmaßnahmen implementiert werden. Zur Veranschaulichung der Diskussion werden in diesem Beitrag exemplarisch zwei Bestandteile eines Digitalen Zwillings für das Erhaltungsmanagement von Verkehrsbrücken am Beispiel einer Eisenbahnbrücke demonstriert. Dabei wird zum einen gezeigt, wie Monitoringdaten mittels eines Datenmanagementsystems strukturiert verwaltet und für angeknüpfte Analysen bereitgestellt werden. Zum anderen erfolgt im Rahmen einer bauwerksspezifischen Einwirkungsermittlung eine Zugidentifikation anhand von gemessenen Schwellenschwingungen. N2 - Digital twins will become an integral part of the operation and maintenance management of traffic bridges in the future. This paper argues that they should not only be understood as digital representations of physical structures but as a digital methodology that enhances the operation and maintenance of bridges through the integration of data collection, maintenance actions, data management, structural assessment, and decision support. In this context, it is emphasized that the transition from reactive to predictive maintenance using digital twins can only be achieved if, in addition to the necessary diagnostic and prognostic condition analyses, methods for optimizing decisions on data collection and maintenance actions are also implemented. To illustrate this discussion, two key components of a digital twin for the operation and maintenance management of traffic bridges are demonstrated using a railway bridge as an example. First, it is shown how monitoring data can be systematically managed and made available for subsequent analyses through a data management system. Second, train identification based on measured sleeper vibrations is conducted as part of an object-specific load assessment. KW - Digitale Zwillinge KW - Erhaltung KW - Inspektion KW - Monitoring KW - Brücken PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/bate.202400101 SN - 1437-0999 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Ernst & Sohn CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-62837 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartels, Jan-Hauke A1 - Gündogdu, Berk A1 - Herrmann, Ralf A1 - Marx, Steffen T1 - Beschleunigungssensoren zur Zustandsüberwachung von Ingenieurbauwerken unter Einfluss von Umweltfaktoren bei tiefen Frequenzen T1 - Acceleration sensors for structural health monitoring of engineering structures under the influence of environmental factors at low frequencies N2 - Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) wird zunehmend zur kontinuierlichen Zustandsbewertung von Ingenieurbauwerken eingesetzt. Wichtige Bewertungsparameter sind globale Systemeigenschaften, wie z. B. Eigenfrequenzen, zu deren Bestimmung Beschleunigungssensoren eingesetzt werden. Häufig werden sog. MEMS-Sensoren (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) verwendet, die jedoch ein hohes Rauschniveau aufweisen. Alternativ können rauschärmere IEPE-Sensoren (Integrated Electronics Piezo Electric) eingesetzt werden, die auch bei geringster Strukturanregung Schwingungen zuverlässig erfassen. Ferner besteht das Problem, dass Änderungen der Eigenfrequenzen infolge Bauwerksschädigung schwer von Änderungen der Eigenfrequenzen infolge Umwelteinflüssen zu unterscheiden sind. Letztere verändern die Eigenschaften der Struktur und die des Messsystems. Um Umwelteinflüsse auf das Messsystem im Anwendungsgebiet Ingenieurbau zu untersuchen, wurden IEPE-Beschleunigungsaufnehmer hinsichtlich ihres Übertragungsverhaltens im niederfrequenten Beschleunigungsbereich analysiert. Es zeigt sich, dass das Verhalten nicht nur frequenz-, sondern auch temperaturabhängig ist, während die Luftfeuchte keinen Einfluss hat. Diese für das Bauwerk unbedenklichen Einflüsse müssen für eine robuste Zustandsüberwachung kompensiert werden. Für die Anwendung im Ingenieurbau werden IEPE-Sensoren empfohlen, da sie ein hohes Signal-zu-Rausch-Verhältnis aufweisen und niederfrequente Bauwerksschwingungen zuverlässig erfassen. N2 - Acceleration sensors for structural health monitoring of engineering structures under the influence of environmental factors at low frequencies. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is increasingly used to continuously assess the condition of engineering structures. Important assessment parameters are global system properties, such as eigenfrequency, which are measured by accelerometers. Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) sensors are often used, but have a high noise level. Alternatively, low-noise IEPE (integrated electronics piezo electric) sensors can be used, which reliably detect vibrations even with the slightest structural excitation. Another problem is that changes in eigenfrequency due to structural damage are difficult to distinguish from changes in eigenfrequency due to environmental effects. The latter change the properties of both the structure and the measurement system. In order to investigate environmental effects on the measurement system in the field of civil engineering, IEPE accelerometers have been analyzed for their transmission behavior in the low-frequency acceleration range. It was found that the behavior is not only frequency dependent, but also temperature dependent, while humidity has no influence. These nonstructural effects must be compensated for to ensure robust condition monitoring. IEPE sensors are recommended for civil engineering applications because of their high signal-to-noise ratio and ability to reliably detect low-frequency structural vibrations. KW - Beschleunigungssensoren KW - Kalibrierung KW - Structural Health Monitoring KW - Umwelteinflüsse KW - Übertragungsverhalten KW - acceleration sensors KW - calibration KW - environmental influences KW - transmission behavior PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/bate.202300056 SN - 1437-0999 SN - 0932-8351 VL - 101 IS - 10 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Ernst & Sohn CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-60772 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -