TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Rühle, Bastian A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra A1 - Abram, Sarah-Luise A1 - Löhmann, Oliver A1 - Mrkwitschka, Paul T1 - Tour de table - BAM N2 - Kurzübersicht über die neuen Aktivitäten zu Nanomaterialien in 2021. T2 - Nano-Behördenklausur der Bundesoberbehörden 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 17.11.2021 KW - Nano KW - Nanomaterial KW - Nanopartikel KW - Bundesoberbehörden PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53827 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Behrens, Harald A1 - Ageo-Blanco, Boris A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Wirth, Thomas T1 - Foaming Species and Trapping Mechanisms in Barium Silicate Glass Sealants N2 - Barium silicate glass powders 4 h milled in CO2 and Ar and sintered in air are studied with microscopy, total carbon analysis, differential thermal Analysis (DTA), vacuum hot extraction mass spectroscopy (VHE-MS), Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Intensive foaming of powder compacts is evident, and VHE studies prove that foaming is predominantly caused by carbonaceous species for both milling gases. DTA Shows that the decomposition of BaCO3 particles mix-milled with glass powders occurs at similar temperatures as foaming of compacts. However, no carbonate at the glass surface could be detected by FTIR spectroscopy, XPS, and TOF-SIMS after heating to the temperature of sintering. Instead, CO2 molecules unable to rotate identified by FTIR spectroscopy after milling, probably trapped by mechanical dissolution into the glass bulk. Such a mechanism or microencapsulation in cracks and particle aggregates can explain the contribution of Ar to foaming after intense milling in Ar atmosphere. The amount of CO2 molecules and Ar, however, cannot fully explain the extent of foaming. Carbonates mechanically dissolved beneath the surface or encapsulated in cracks and micropores of particle aggregates are therefore probably the major foaming source. KW - Milling KW - Foaming KW - Glass powder KW - Sintering PY - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-531227 SN - 1438-1656 VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 2100445-1 EP - 2100445-13 AN - OPUS4-53122 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Zocca, Andrea A1 - Spitzer, Andrea A1 - Benemann, Sigrid A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Li, Y. A1 - Waske, Anja A1 - Funk, Alexander A1 - Wilgig, Janka A1 - Günster, Jens T1 - Searching for biological feedstock material: 3D printing of wood particles from house borer and drywood termite frass N2 - Frass (fine powdery refuse or fragile perforated wood produced by the activity of boring insects) of larvae of the European house borer (EHB) and of drywood termites was tested as a natural and novel feedstock for 3D-printing of wood-based materials. Small particles produced by the drywood termite Incisitermes marginipennis and the EHB Hylotrupes bajulus during feeding in construction timber, were used. Frass is a powdery material of particularly consistent quality that is essentially biologically processed wood mixed with debris of wood and faeces. The filigree-like particles flow easily permitting the build-up of woodbased structures in a layer wise fashion using the Binder Jetting printing process. The Quality of powders produced by different insect species was compared along with the processing steps and properties of the printed parts. Drywood termite frass with a Hausner Ratio HR = 1.1 with ρBulk = 0.67 g/cm3 and ρTap = 0.74 g/cm3 was perfectly suited to deposition of uniformly packed layers in 3D printing. We suggest that a variety of naturally available feedstocks could be used in environmentally responsible approaches to scientific material sciences/additive manufacturing. KW - 3D printing KW - X-ray tomographic KW - SEM micrography KW - Drywood termite PY - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-521517 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - e0246511 AN - OPUS4-52151 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - López de Ipina, J.-M. A1 - Arevalillo, A. A1 - Martín, A. A1 - Caillard, B. A1 - Marcoulaki, E. A1 - Aguerre- Charol, O. A1 - van Duuren-Stuurman, B. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Viitanen, A.-K. A1 - Witters, H. A1 - Vercauteren, S. A1 - Persson, K. A1 - Bard, D. A1 - Evans, G. A1 - Jensen, K.A. A1 - Himly, M. A1 - Scalbi, S. A1 - Papin, A. A1 - Le Bihan, O. A1 - Kanerva, T. A1 - Tirez, K. A1 - Frijns, E. A1 - Niga, P. A1 - Eleftheriadis, K. A1 - Travlos, A. A1 - Geppert, M. A1 - Himly, M. A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Fraboulet, I. A1 - Bressot, C. A1 - Rissler, J. A1 - Gaucher, R. A1 - Binotto, G. A1 - Krietsch, Arne A1 - Braun, A. A1 - Abenet, S. A1 - Catalan, J. A1 - Verstraelen, S. A1 - Manier, N. A1 - Manzo, S. A1 - Fransman, S. A1 - Queron, J. A1 - Charpentier, D. A1 - Taxell, D. A1 - Säämänen, A. A1 - Brignon, J.-M. A1 - Jovanovic, A. A1 - Bisson, M A1 - Neofytou, P. T1 - EC4Safenano - Catalogue of Services N2 - The publicly available document encapsulates the first version of the Catalogue of Services of the future EC4Safenano Centre (CoS 2019). The CoS 2019 is structured in 12 Service Categories and 27 Service Topics, for each of the 12 categories considered. This architecture configures a 12 x 27 matrix that allows ordering the potential EC4Safenano offer in 324 types of services/groups of services. Each type of service/group of services is described, in a simple and friendly way, by means of a specific service sheet: the EC4Safenano - Service Data Sheet (EC4-SDS). These EC4-SDSs allow structuring and summarizing the information of each service, providing the customer with a concise view of characteristics of the service and also the contact details with the service provider. The CoS 2019 deploys a map of services consisting of a set of 100 EC4-SDSs, covering 7 of the 12 Service Categories and 17 of the 27 Service Topics. The harmonization of services is visualized as a future necessary step in EC4Safenano, in order to strengthen the offer and provide added value to customers with a growing offer of harmonized services in future versions of the CoS. The information contained in this document is structured in 3 main sections, as follows: • Catalogue structure. This section describes in short the main characteristics of the CoS 2019. • Catalogue content. This section represents the core part of the document and encapsulates the set of 100 SDSs displaying the offer proposed by the CoS 2019. • Online Catalogue. This section describes the resources implemented by EC4Safenano to facilitate the on-line consultation of the CoS 2019 by customers and other interested parties. KW - Nano-safety KW - Analytical services KW - Nanomaterials KW - Catalogue of services KW - EC4SafeNano KW - European Centre PY - 2021 UR - https://ec4safenano.eu-vri.eu/Public/Guidance SP - 1 EP - 72 PB - EU-VRi – European Virtual Institute for Integrated Risk Management CY - Stuttgart, Germany AN - OPUS4-52943 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hildebrand, G. A1 - Sänger, Johanna Christiane A1 - Schirmer, U. A1 - Mantei, W. A1 - Dupuis, Y. A1 - Houbertz, R. A1 - Liefeith, K. T1 - Process Development for Additive Manufacturing of Alumina Toughened Zirconia for 3D Structures by Means of Two-Photon Absorption Technique N2 - Additive manufacturing is well established for plastics and metals, and it gets more and more implemented in a variety of industrial processes. Beside these well-established material platforms, additive manufacturing processes are highly interesting for ceramics, especially regarding resource conservation and for the production of complex three-dimensional shapes and structures with specific feature sizes in the µm and mm range with high accuracy. The usage of ceramics in 3D printing is, however, just at the beginning of a technical implementation in a continuously and fast rising field of research and development. The flexible fabrication of highly complex and precise 3D structures by means of light-induced photopolymerization that are difficult to realize using traditional ceramic fabrication methods such as casting and machining is of high importance. Generally, slurry-based ceramic 3D printing technologies involve liquid or semi-liquid polymeric systems dispersed with ceramic particles as feedstock (inks or pastes), depending on the solid loading and viscosity of the system. This paper includes all types of photo-curable polymer-ceramic-mixtures (feedstock), while demonstrating our own work on 3D printed alumina toughened zirconia based ceramic slurries with light induced polymerization on the basis of two-photon absorption (TPA) for the first time. As a proven exemplary on cuboids with varying edge length and double pyramids in the µm-range we state that real 3D micro-stereolithographic fabrication of ceramic products will be generally possible in the near future by means of TPA. This technology enables the fabrication of 3D structures with high accuracy in comparison to ceramic technologies that apply single-photon excitation. In sum, our work is intended to contribute to the fundamental development of this technology for the representation of oxide-ceramic components (proof-of-principle) and helps to exploit the high potential of additive processes in the field of bio-ceramics in the medium to long-term future. KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Ceramics 3D printing KW - Two-photon adsorption KW - Polymer-ceramic mixtures KW - Bio-ceramic engineering PY - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-526672 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 224 EP - 239 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-52667 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Abram, Sarah-Luise A1 - Mrkwitschka, Paul A1 - Prinz, Carsten A1 - Rühle, Bastian A1 - Haase, Oskar A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra A1 - Löhmann, Oliver A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Iron oxide nanoparticles as a reference material candidate for particle size measurements N2 - This poster presentation covers the development of iron oxide nanoparticles as reference material candidate in the context of the project "Nanoplattform". T2 - EMRS Spring Meeting CY - Online meeting DA - 31.05.2021 KW - Iron oxide nanoparticles KW - Reference material KW - Particle size KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - Small angle x-ray scattering PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52773 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mrkwitschka, Paul A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Rabe, Torsten T1 - Comparative study of suitable preparation methods to evaluate irregular shaped, polydisperse nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). N2 - Reliable characterization of materials at the nanoscale regarding their physio-chemical properties is a challenging task, which is important when utilizing and designing nanoscale materials. Nanoscale materials pose a potential toxicological hazard to the environment and the human body. For this reason, the European Commission amended the REACH Regulation in 2018 to govern the classification of nanomaterials, relying on number-based distribution of the particle size. Suitable methods exist for the granulometric characterization of monodisperse and ideally shaped nanoparticles. However, the evaluation of commercially available nanoscale powders is problematic. These powders tend to agglomerate, show a wide particle size distribution and are of irregular particle shape. Zinc oxide, aluminum oxide and cerium oxide with particle sizes less than 100 nm were selected for the studies and different preparation methods were used comparatively. First, the nanoparticles were dispersed in different dispersants and prepared on TEM-supported copper grids. Furthermore, individual powders were deposited on carbon-based self-adhesive pads. In addition, the samples were embedded by hot mounting and then ground and polished. The prepared samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (including the transmission mode STEM-in-SEM) and Dynamic Light scattering. The software package ImageJ was used to segment the SEM images and obtain the particle sizes and shapes and finally the number-based particles size distribution with size expressed as various descriptors. T2 - Ceramics 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 19.04.2021 KW - Nanoparticles KW - Preparation KW - Characterization PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53272 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Manzoni, Anna Maria A1 - Dubois, F. A1 - Mousa, M. S. A1 - von Schlippenbach, C. A1 - Többens, D. M. A1 - Yesilcicek, Yasemin A1 - Zaiser, E. A1 - Hesse, René A1 - Haas, S. A1 - Glatzel, U. T1 - On the Formation of Eutectics in Variations of the Al10Co25Cr8Fe15Ni36Ti6 Compositionally Complex Alloy N2 - Superalloy inspired Al10Co25Cr8Fe15Ni36Ti6 compositionally complex alloy is known for its gamma-gamma' microstructure and the third Heusler phase. Variations of this alloy, gained by replacing 0.5 or 1 at. pct Al by the equivalent amount of Mo, W, Zr, Hf or B, can show more phases in addition to this three-phase morphology. When the homogenization temperature is chosen too high, a eutectic phase formation can take place at the grain boundaries, depending on the trace elements: Mo and W do not form eutectics while Hf, Zr and B do. In order to avoid the eutectic formation and the potential implied grain boundary weakening, the homogenization temperature must be chosen carefully by differential scanning calorimetry measurements. A too low homogenization temperature, however, could impede the misorientation alignment of the dendrites in the grain. The influence of grain boundary phases and incomplete dendrite re-orientation are compared and discussed. KW - High entropy alloy KW - Eutectic KW - Homogenization PY - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-543504 VL - 52 IS - 1 SP - 143 EP - 150 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-54350 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Falk, Florian A1 - Sobol, Oded A1 - Stephan-Scherb, Christiane T1 - The impact of the microstructure of Fe-16Cr-0.2C on high-temperature oxidation – sulphidation in SO2 N2 - This study elucidates the impact of the microstructure of Fe-16Cr-0.2C on oxide layer formation at 650 ◦C in Ar-0.5 % SO2. A cold-rolled and two heat-treated states of the alloy were exposed for up to 1000 h. The samples were characterised in detail from microstructural and chemical perspectives using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The microstructural modification of the alloy by heat-treatment was advantageous. It was found that Cr-carbides support chromia formation and reduce sulphidation when their area fraction is low and diameter is small. KW - Steel KW - Iron KW - SIMS KW - SEM KW - High temperature corrosion KW - Oxidation KW - Sulphidation PY - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109618 VL - 190 SP - 109618 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-53001 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heuser, Lina A1 - de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Deubener, J. T1 - Silver diffusion in low-melting alkali zinc borate model glasses studied by means of SNMS, TEM and XAS N2 - In many late-breaking research fields as in photovoltaics, microelectronics, nuclear waste glasses or at least mirror glasses silver diffusion in glasses is relevant to the issues of high-level functionality and recycling. The present study is focused on silver diffusion in innovative, low-melting alkali zinc borate glasses (X2O-ZnO-B2O3, X = Li, Na, K, Rb) potentially usable for silver metallization-pastes in solar cells. The glasses were coated with a thin metallic silver layer and heat treatments in air and nitrogen close to Tg at 470 °C for 2 h were performed. After heat treatment under air and nitrogen atmospheres the coating thickness, measured by a white light interferometer, was about 1.8 µm thick. Silver depth profiles determined by means of secondary neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS) indicate the fastest silver diffusion to a depth of 3.5 µm for Li2O-ZnO-B2O3 (LZB) glass. Nevertheless, the influence of the different alkali ions on the silver diffusion is small. The oxygen availability determines the silver diffusion into the glasses. The oxygen promotes the oxidation of the silver layer enabling Ag+ to diffuse into the glass and to precipitate as Ag0. Both species were detected by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The precipitated metallic silver particles in Na2O-ZnO-B2O3 (NZB) glass have a mean size of 5.9 nm ± 1.2 nm diameter, which was determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Phase separation in zinc-rich and zinc-poor phases with a mean diameter of 75 nm ± 20 nm occurred in NZB glass after heat treatment. Ion diffusion of the glasses into the silver layer was suggested by EDX-line scans. T2 - 94. Glastechnische Tagung CY - Online meeting DA - 10.05.2021 KW - Silver diffusion KW - Alkali zinc borate glass KW - Metallic silver precipitates KW - Phase separation PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52861 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Usmani, Shirin T1 - Wood treated with nano metal fluorides - relations between composition, size, and durability N2 - In this study, nanoscopic particles of magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) and calcium fluoride (CaF2) also known as nano metal fluorides (NMFs), were evaluated for their potential to improve wood durability. Even though these fluorides are sparingly soluble, their synthesis in the form of nano-sized particles turns them into promising candidates for wood preservation. Their distinct property of low-water solubility is proposed to maintain long-lasting protection of treated wood by reducing the leaching of fluoride. Analytical methods were used to characterize the synthesized NMFs and their distribution in treated wood specimens. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that these fluoride particles are smaller than 10 nm. In nano metal fluoride (NMF) treated specimens, aggregates of these particles are uniformly distributed in the wood matrix as confirmed with scanning electron microscopy images and their corresponding energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy maps. The fluoride aggregates form a protective layer around the tracheid walls and block the bordered pits, thus reducing the possible flow path for water absorption into wood. This is reflected in the reduced swelling and increased hydrophobicity of wood treated with NMFs. The biocidal efficacy of NMFs was tested against brown-rot fungi (Coniophora puteanaand Rhodonia placenta), white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor), and termites (Coptotermes formosanus). The fungal and termite tests were performed in accordance with the EN 113 (1996) and EN 117 (2012) standards, respectively. Prior to fungal tests, the NMF treated wood specimens were leached according to the EN 84 (1997)standard. Compared to untreated specimens, the NMF treated wood specimens have a higher resistance to decay caused by brown-rot fungi, white-rot fungus, and termites. Although all NMF treatments in wood reduce the mass loss caused by fungal decay, only the combined treatment of MgF2 and CaF2 has efficacy against both brown-rot fungi and white-rot fungus. Similarly, wood treated with the combined NMF formulation is the least susceptible to attack by C. formosanus.It is proposed that combining MgF2 and CaF2changes their overall solubility to promote the release of fluoride ions at the optimal concentration needed for biocidal efficacy against fungi and termites. In this thesis, it was proven that even after leaching, sufficient fluoride was present to protect NMF treated wood from fungal decay. This shows that NMFs are robust enough for above ground contact outdoor applications of wood, where permanent wetness cannot be avoided according to Use Class 3.2, as per the EN 335 (2013) standard. Also, they pose a low risk to human health and the environment because they are sparingly soluble. Since NMFs significantly reduce the decay of wood, the CO2 fixed in it will be retained for longer than in unpreserved wood. Overall, the novel results of this study show the potential of NMFs to increase the service life of building materials made from non-durable wood. KW - Termites KW - Nano metal fluorides KW - Solubility KW - Wood protection KW - Fungi PY - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-525108 SP - i EP - 118 PB - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-52510 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -