TY - CONF A1 - Furche, A. A1 - Wirth, Thomas A1 - Federici, I. A1 - Cwiertnia, E. A1 - Aibeo, C. A1 - Hofmann, P. A1 - Chapuis, J. A1 - Reiche, I. T1 - Surface analyses and cleaning of blackened Italian marble sculptures burnt during the Second World War from the collection of the Bode-Museum in Berlin N2 - The cleaning of black carbon covered Italian marble and limestone sculptures is a challenging task for restorers and scientists, especially when black soot is penetrated into the porous surface of a stone. Numerous sculptures of the Bode-Museum underwent two domestic fires at the repository in Berlin in May 1945, where soot damaged the surface of these artworks. Promising results in removing black layers were achieved by the application of modified gels to artificially weathered and sooted Carrara marble mockups. However, transferring the cleaning method to original samples requires a cautious proceeding with respect to short-term and long-term implications. To understand physico-chemical reactions, the analytics of gel-treated marble surfaces is of essential importance. Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) were used to gain insights into surface chemistry and the distribution of chemical groups or fragments and enable a deeper understanding of the functionality of the applied gels and of the efficiency of tested cleaning processes. Depth profiling by ToF-SIMS is introduced as a tool to study the penetration behavior of applied cleaning chemicals. The contribution presents the analytical methods, their possibilities and challenges, and summarizes initial results of this study. T2 - IPERION CH CY - Amsterdam, The Netherlands DA - 06.02.2019 KW - Cleaning KW - Surface analyses KW - Marble sculptures PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49334 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -