TY - CONF A1 - Falk, Florian A1 - Stephan-Scherb, Christiane T1 - Microstructural impact on high temperature oxidation behavior of Fe-Cr-C model alloys N2 - Chromia forming high alloyed ferritic-austenitic steels are being used as boiler tube materials in biomass and coal-biomass co-fired power plants. Despite thermodynamic and kinetic boundary conditions, microstructural features such as grain orientation, grain sizes or surface deformation contribute to the oxidation resistance and formation of protective chromium-rich oxide layers. This study elucidates the impact of microstructure such as the grain size and number of carbide precipitates on high temperature oxidation at 650°C in 0.5% SO2 atmosphere. Cold-rolled Fe-16Cr-0.2C material was heat-treated to obtain two additional microstructures. After exposure to hot and reactive gases for 10 h < t < 1000 h layer thicknesses and microstructure of oxide scales are observed by scanning electron microscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The two heat treated alloys showed reasonable oxidation resistance after 1000 h of exposure. The oxidation rate was substantially higher for the alloy with a duplex matrix after heat treatment compared to the fine-grained material. T2 - Gordon Research Conference CY - New London, New Hampshire, USA DA - 21.07.2019 KW - Corrosion KW - Microstructure KW - Oxidation KW - Sulfidation PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49212 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sommer, Konstantin A1 - Ávila, Luis T1 - Microstructure ageing of stainless steel AISI 316L manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) N2 - Additive manufacturing (AM) processes, such as SLM, offer a variety of advantages compared to conventional manufacturing. Today AM parts are still comparatively less cost-effective if they are manufactured in large quantities. To make the AM parts more cost-efficient, the AM process has to be improved. It requires a good understanding of microstructure formation, microstructure-property-relations and ageing processes affected by different loads. In this work the ageing behavior of SLM manufactured AISI 316L stainless steel is evaluated. The microstructure effected by mechanical, thermal and corrosive loads are investigated and compared to as-built microstructure. Tensile tests are used for mechanical ageing. For thermal and corrosive loads the typical application conditions of 316L apply. The methods of microstructure investigation include SEM, TEM, CT and EBSD. The main object of this work is the description of microstructure and ageing processes of AM parts. T2 - European Conference on Structural Integrity of Additively Manufactured Materials (ESIAM) 2019 CY - Trondheim, Norway DA - 09.09.2019 KW - 316L KW - Selective laser melting KW - Microstructure evolution PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49886 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sommer, Konstantin A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Microstructure analysis in AM 316L N2 - Additive manufacturing (AM) offers diverse advantages compared to conventional manufacturing. In this work the microstructure of austenitic steel 316L, manufactured with Selective Laser Melting (SLM), was analyzed and compared to microstructure of 316L hot rolled material. Methods used for analysis are microprobe, optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. T2 - BAM workshop on Additive Manufacturing CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.05.2019 KW - 316L KW - selective laser melting KW - microstructure analysis PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49880 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ávila Calderón, Luis Alexander A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Werner, Tiago A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Evans, Alexander T1 - Microstructure Based Study on the Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Stainless Steel 316L manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion N2 - Due to the advantages of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB), i.e., design freedom and the possibility to manufacture parts with filigree structures, and the considerable amount of knowledge available for 316L in its conventional variant, the mechanical behavior, and related microstructure-property relationships of PBF-LB/316L are increasingly subject of research. However, many aspects regarding the - application-relevant - mechanical behavior at high temperatures are not yet fully understood. Here, we present the results of an experimental study on the LCF behavior of PBF-LB/316L featuring a low defect population, which makes this study more microstructure-focused than most of the studies in the literature. The LCF tests were performed between room temperature (RT) and 600 °C. The mechanical response is characterized by strain-life curves, and hysteresis and cyclic deformation curves. The damage and deformation mechanisms are studied with X-ray computed tomography, and optical and electron microscopy. The PBF-LB/M/316L was heat treated at 450 °C for 4 h, and a hot‑rolled (HR) 316L variant with a fully recrystallized equiaxed microstructure was tested as a reference. Besides, selected investigations were performed after a subsequent heat treatment at 900 °C for 1 h. The PBF-LB/316L exhibits higher cyclic stresses than HR/316L for most of the fatigue life, especially at room temperature. At the smallest strain amplitudes, the fatigue lives of PBF-LB/M/316L are markedly shorter than in HR/316L. The main damage mechanisms are multiple cracking at slip bands (RT) and intergranular cracking (600 °C). Neither the melt pool boundaries nor the gas porosity have a significant influence on the LCF damage mechanism. The cyclic stress-strain deformation behavior of PBF-LB/M/316L features an initial hardening followed by a continuous softening. The additional heat treatment at 900 °C for 1 h led to decreased cyclic stresses, and a longer fatigue life. T2 - 4th Symposium on Materials and Additive Manufacturing CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.06.2024 KW - AGIL KW - 316L KW - Microstructure KW - Low Cycle Fatigue KW - Heat Treatment KW - Laser Poeder Bed Fusion PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60432 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sommer, Konstantin A1 - Kranzmann, Axel A1 - Reimers, W. T1 - Microstructure characterization of additive produced parts N2 - Due to the advantages of additive manufacturing (AM), it has been increasingly integrated into many industrial sectors. The application of AM materials for safety-critical parts requires the detailed knowledge about their microstructure stability under thermo-mechanical or mechanical load and knowledge on ageing process mechanisms. Ageing processes are characterized by change of the material microstructure that is to be initially investigated. This work deals with the Investigation of 316L stainless steel manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). Describing Parameters must be defined and applied on the microstructure of these materials in their initial state and after loads were applied. The findings of this work form the basis for the investigation of AM material ageing. T2 - FEMS Junior EUROMAT 2018 CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 08.07.2018 KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Selective laser melting KW - 316L KW - Material characterization KW - Microstructure PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47176 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sommer, Konstantin A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Microstructure Characterization of Additively Manufactured Austenitic Steel 316L N2 - Additive manufacturing processes (AM) offer different advantages compared to conventional manufacturing processes. In this work the microstructure of austenitic steel 316L, manufactured with Selective Laser Melting (SLM), and the powder, used for the process, were investigated. T2 - BAM workshop on Additive Manufacturing CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.05.2019 KW - 316L KW - Selective laser melting KW - Microstructure analysis KW - Metal powder characterization PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49884 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koclęga, Damian A1 - Radziszewska, A. A1 - Kranzmann, Axel A1 - Dymek, S. T1 - Microstructure characterization of the Inconel 686 clad layer after high-temperature corrosion tests in aggressive gases and ashes N2 - The Ni-Cr-Mo-W alloy is characterized by the excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance, good strength and ability to work in aggressive environments. To protect the surface of the substrate 13CrMo4-5 steel against aggressive environments the Inconel 686 as clad layer was used. The corrosion process was performed in oxidizing mixture of gases like O2, COx, SOx. The second part of corrosion Experiment concerned the corrosion test of the coating in reducing atmosphere of the specified gases with ashes, which contained e.g. Na, Cl, Ca, Si, C, Fe, Al. T2 - Junior EUROMAT 2018 CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 08.07.2018 KW - Laser Cladding KW - Inconel 686 KW - High temperature corrosion KW - Aggressive environement KW - Material oxidation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45627 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Abel, Andreas A1 - Zapala, P. A1 - Michels, H. A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Microstructure-Property-Correlation of a Mo-Ti-B alloyed iron aluminide N2 - Iron aluminides depict a sustainable and light-weight material class which could be employed in many applications requiring high strength at intermediate to high temperatures. According to first results, the alloy Fe-26Al-4Mo-0.5Ti-1B surpasses conventional materials in wet corrosion resistance and creep resistance up to 650 °C. For these reasons, the AiF research project “WAFEAL – Materials applications for iron aluminides” was initiated to transfer these findings into a standardised materials dataset and to derive best practices for processing. In the first place, a set of different microstructures adjusted by varying casting methods, wall thicknesses and heat treatments was investigated and correlated with hardness on macro and micro scale. Correlations were drawn between solidification rates and resulting grain sizes and hardness. The effect of vacancy hardening was only verified for wall thickness as low as 2.5 mm. Moreover, a common decrease of macrohardness after a heat treatment at 1000 °C for 100 h was observed irrespective of casting process or wall thickness. This effect was linked with an unexpected decrease of the complex boride phase fraction which acts as a hardening phase. T2 - Intermetallics 2021 CY - Bad Staffelstein, Germany DA - 04.10.2021 KW - Fe-Al alloys KW - Intermetallics KW - Iron aluminides KW - Heat treatment KW - Wall thickness KW - Centrifugal casting KW - Die casting KW - Investment casting KW - Microstructure KW - Hardness KW - Complex borides PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53617 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stargardt, Patrick T1 - Modeling of the cooling behavior of thermoelectric multilayers N2 - Multilayered designs are an attractive approach towards cost-effective manufacturing of thermoelectric generators. Therefore, efforts are being made to co-fire two promising thermoelectric oxides, namely calcium cobaltite and calcium manganate. In this study, ceramic tapes, multilayer technology, and pressure-assisted sintering (PAS) were used. A major challenge for the PAS of low-sintered calcium manganate was cracking during cooling. A relationship between the properties of the release tape used during PAS and the cracking behavior was experimentally observed. To understand the origin of failure, reaction layers in the multilayer were analyzed and thermal stresses during cooling were estimated by finite element (FE) simulations. Thermal expansion, elastic properties, and biaxial strength of the thermoelectric oxides and selected reaction layers were determined on separately prepared bulk samples. The analysis showed that the reaction layers were not the cause for cracking of calcium manganate. Using the FE model, thermal stresses in different manganate multilayer designs with varying properties of the release tape were studied. The FEM study indicated, and a validation experiment proved that the thickness of the release tape has the main effect on thermal stresses during cooling in separately sintered calcium manganate. T2 - Keramik 2021 / Ceramics 2021 CY - Online Meeting DA - 19.04.2021 KW - Fem KW - Thermoelectric KW - Pressure assisted sintering PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52489 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dmitriev, A. I. A1 - Nikonov, A. Y. A1 - Österle, Werner T1 - Molecular dynamics modeling of the sliding performance of an amorphous silica nano-layer - The impact of chosen interatomic potentials N2 - The sliding behavior of an amorphous silica sample between two rigid surfaces is in the focus of the present paper. Molecular Dynamics using a classical Tersoff’s potential and a recently developed ReaxFF potential was applied for simulating sliding within a thin film corresponding to a tribofilm formed from silica nanoparticles. The simulations were performed at different temperatures corresponding to moderate and severe tribological stressing conditions. Simulations with both potentials revealed the need of considering different temperatures in order to obtain a sound interpretation of experimental findings. The results show the striking differences between the two potentials not only in terms of magnitude of the resistance stress (about one order of magnitude) but also in terms of friction mechanisms. The expected smooth sliding regime under high temperature conditions was predicted by both simulations, although with Tersoff’s potential smooth sliding was obtained only at the highest temperature. On the other hand, at room temperature Tersoff-style calculations demonstrate stick-slip behavior, which corresponds qualitatively with our experimental findings. Nevertheless, comparison with a macroscopic coefficient of friction is not possible because simulated resistance stresses do not depend on the applied normal pressure. KW - Molecular dynamics KW - Thin tribofilm KW - Resistance stress KW - Sliding simulation KW - Amorphous silica PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-449366 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants6020043 SN - 2075-4442 VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 43, 1 EP - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-44936 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Altenburg, Simon A1 - Ehlers, Henrik A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Nadammal, Naresh T1 - Monitoring additive manufacturing N2 - Additive manufacturing (AM) processes allow a high level of freedom in designing and producing components for complex structures. They offer the possibility of a significant reduction of the process chain. However, the large number of process parameters influence the structure and the behavior of AM parts. A thorough understanding of the interdependent mechanisms is necessary for the reliable design and production of safe AM parts. In this presentation we discuss the online monitoring of metallic AM parts produced by the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process by using optical, thermographic and electromagnetic methods. In a first approach we present the detection of defects generated during the process and discuss how to improve these methods for the optimization of design and production of metallic AM parts. T2 - Conaendi&IEV 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 10.03.2021 KW - Additive Fertigung PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52241 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Altenburg, Simon A1 - Ehlers, Henrik A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai A1 - Mohr, Gunther T1 - Monitoring additive manufacturing processes by using NDT methods N2 - In this presentation we discuss the online monitoring of metallic AM parts produced by the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process by using optical, thermographic and electromagnetic methods. In a first approach we present the detection of defects generated during the process and discuss how to improve these methods for the optimization of design and production of metallic AM parts. T2 - ABENDI - Workshop CY - Online meeting DA - 19.11.2020 KW - Additive Fertigung PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-52042 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Abram, Sarah-Luise A1 - Mrkwitschka, Paul A1 - Prinz, Carsten A1 - Rühle, Bastian A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles as reference material candidate for particle size measurements N2 - In order to utilize and rationally design materials at the nanoscale the reliable characterization of their physico-chemical properties is highly important, especially with respect to the assessment of their environmental or biological impact. Furthermore, the European Commission’s REACH Regulations require the registration of nanomaterials traded in quantities of at least 1 ton. Powders or dispersions where 50% (number distribution) of the constituent particles have sizes ≤ 100 nm in at least one dimension are defined as nanomaterials. This creates a need for industrial manufacturers and research or analytical service facilities to reliably characterize potential nanomaterials. Currently, BAM is developing reference nanoparticles, which shall expand the scarce list of worldwide available nano reference materials certified for particle size distribution and will also target other key parameters like shape, structure, porosity or functional properties. In this respect, materials like iron oxide or titanium dioxide are considered as candidates to complement the already available silica, Au, Ag, and polystyrene reference nanoparticles. The thermal decomposition of iron oleate precursors in high boiling organic solvents can provide large quantities of iron oxide nanoparticles that can be varied in size and shape.[1, 2] The presence of oleic acid or other hydrophobic ligands as capping agents ensures stable dispersion in nonpolar solvents. Such monodisperse, spherical particles were synthesized at BAM and pre-characterized by electron microscopy (TEM, SEM including the transmission mode STEM-in-SEM) and dynamic light scattering comparing cumulants analysis and frequency power spectrum. 1. REACH regulations and nanosafety concerns create a strong need for nano reference materials with diverse properties. 2. Iron oxide nanoparticles are under development as new candidate reference material at BAM. 3. Narrow particle size distribution confirmed by light scattering and electron microscopy. T2 - Nanosafety 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 05.10.2020 KW - Iron oxide nanoparticles KW - Reference material KW - Particle size KW - Electron microscopy KW - Nanoplattform PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-52774 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Bock, Robert A1 - Günzel, Stephan A1 - Gesell, Stephan T1 - Monte-Carlo-Analysis of Minimum Burst Requirements for Composite Cylinders for Hydrogen Service N2 - For achieving Net Zero-aims hydrogen is an indispensable component, probably the main component. For the usage of hydrogen, a wide acceptance is necessary, which requires trust in hydrogen based on absence of major incidents resulting from a high safety level. Burst tests stand for a type of testing that is used in every test standard and regulation as one of the key issues for ensuring safety in use. The central role of burst and proof test is grown to historical reasons for steam engines and steel vessels but - with respect for composite pressure vessels (CPVs) - not due an extraordinary depth of outcomes. Its importance results from the relatively simple test process with relatively low costs and gets its importance by running of the different test variations in parallel. In relevant test und production standards (as e. g. ECE R134) the burst test is used in at least 4 different meanings. There is the burst test on a) new CPVs and some others b) for determining the residual strength subsequent to various simulations of ageing effects. Both are performed during the approval process on a pre-series. Then there is c) the batch testing during the CPVs production and finally d) the 100% proof testing, which means to stop the burst test at a certain pressure level. These different aspects of burst tests are analysed and compared with respect to its importance for the resulting safety of the populations of CPVs in service based on experienced test results and Monte-Carlo simulations. As main criterial for this the expected failure rate in a probabilistic meaning is used. This finally ends up with recommendations for relevant RC&S especially with respect to GTR 13. T2 - 9th International Conference on Hydrogen Safety CY - Online meeting DA - 21.09.2021 KW - Hydrogen KW - Burst test KW - Composite pressure vessels KW - Net zero KW - Monte-Carlo-Analysis PY - 2021 SP - 133 EP - 146 PB - IGEM AN - OPUS4-55668 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Scheffler, F. A1 - Fleck, M. A1 - Santiago, C. F. A1 - Brauer, D. S. A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Morphologies of Fresnoite surface crystals of BT0.75S glass under different atmospheric conditions N2 - Fresnoite glass-ceramics are characterized by piezoelectric, pyroelectric and non-linear optical properties. These properties can be adjusted by orienting the fresnoite crystals during crystallization. Crystallization begins at the surface. The first surface crystals are not oriented perpendicular and, therfore, produce a surface layer that has not the intended properties. To overcome this issue, the formation of fresnoite surface crystals at different atmospheric conditions was studied. T2 - 9th Int. Otto Schott Colloquium CY - Jena, Germany DA - 09.09.2019 KW - Glass KW - Surface crystallization KW - Crystal orientation PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50460 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koclega, Damian A1 - Radziszewska, A. A1 - Kranzmann, Axel A1 - Marynowski, P. A1 - Wozny, K. T1 - Morphology and chemical composition of inconel 686 after high-temperature corrosion N2 - The work presents the microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical properties of Inconel 686 coatings after high - temperature corrosion in environment of aggressive gases and ashes. To produce the Ni - based coatings the QS Nd:YAG laser cladding process was carried out. As the substrate used 13CrMo4-5 boilers plate steel. Ni - base alloys characterize the excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance, good strength and ability to work in aggressive environments. Formed clad were characterized by high quality of metallurgical bonding with the substrate material and sufficiently low amount of the iron close to the clad layer surface. After corrosion experiment the oxide scale on the substrate and clad created. The scale on 13CrMo4-5 steel had 70 μm thickness while the scale of the clad had less than 10 μm. The microstructure, chemical composition of the obtained clad and scales were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) equipped with the EDS detectors. T2 - 27th International conference on metallurgy and materials CY - Brno, Czech Republic DA - 23.05.2018 KW - laser cladding KW - Inconel 686 KW - High - temperature corrosion KW - Aggressive environment KW - Oxide scale PY - 2018 SP - 1010 EP - 1016 AN - OPUS4-49660 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Kraus, David A1 - Kübler, Stefan A1 - Eisermann, René T1 - Multiaxial fatigue damage of glass fiber reinforced polymers N2 - Fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) are a well established material in lightweight applications, e.g. in automotive, aerospace or wind energy. The FRP components are subjected to multiaxial mechanical as well as hygrothermal loads. Common operation temperatures are in the range of 213 K and 373 K (-60 °C and 100 °C) at a relative humidity of 10% to 90%. In spacecraft applications, the environmental conditions are even more extreme. However, the correlation between multiaxial mechanical loading and harsh environment conditions have to-date not been investigated in detail. The project aims to investigate the fatigue behavior of FRPs dependent on multiaxial mechanical loading, temperature, and humidity. Extensive experimental testing is performed on flat plate and cylindrical tube specimens, accompanied by numerical and analytical calculations. T2 - 24. Nationales SAMPE Symposium CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 06.02.2019 KW - Composite KW - Fatigue KW - Thermomechanics KW - Distributed fiber optic sensors PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47335 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Usmani, Shirin A1 - Stephan, Ina A1 - Huebert, Thomas A1 - Kemnitz, E. T1 - Nano metal fluorides for wood protection against fungi N2 - Wood treated with nano metal fluorides is found to resist fungal decay. Sol−gel synthesis was used to synthesize MgF2 and CaF2 nanoparticles. Electron microscopy images confirmed the localization of MgF2 and CaF2 nanoparticles in wood. Efficacy of nano metal fluoride-treated wood was tested against brown-rot fungi Coniophora puteana and Rhodonia placenta. Untreated wood specimens had higher mass losses (∼30%) compared to treated specimens, which had average mass loss of 2% against C. puteana and 14% against R. placenta, respectively. Nano metal fluorides provide a viable alternative to current wood preservatives. KW - Brown-rot fungi KW - Coniophora puteana KW - Fluoride nanoparticles KW - Fluorolytic sol−gel KW - Rhodonia placenta KW - SEM wood characterization KW - Wood protection PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.8b00144 SN - 2574-0970 VL - 2018 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) CY - Washington DC, US AN - OPUS4-44730 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra A1 - Lindemann, Franziska A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Nano Powder - a Challenge for Granulometry N2 - If the particle size decreases, the ratio of surface area to volume increases considerably. This provides benefits for all surface-driven processes that run faster or at lower temperatures than larger particles. However, handling and characterization of the nanopowders are much more difficult. Particularly polydisperse powders with irregular shape, as grinding products, represent a challenge. Granulometry in the submicron and nanoscale often leads to incorrect results without knowledge of particle morphology. This presentation demonstrates potentials of using the volume-specific surface area (SV or VSSA) in the granulometric characterization of nanopowders, for instance, correlations between the volume-specific surface area and the median particle size are discussed considering the particle morphology and the model of the logarithmic normal distribution. Moreover, the presentation deals with the optimal dispersion of nanopowders during sample preparation. Indirect ultrasound device with defined cooling was developed to prevent both contamination by sonotrode abrasion and sample changes by heat. Successful granulometric characterization of nanopowders demands both improved dispersion technology and very often an effective combination of two or more measurement methods. T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Keramischen Gesellschaft CY - Leoben, Austria DA - 06.05.2019 KW - Nano screening KW - VSSA KW - Nano particle KW - Particle size PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47976 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaiser, T. M. A1 - Braune, C. A1 - Kalinka, Gerhard A1 - Schulz-Kornas, E. T1 - Nano-indentation of native phytoliths and dental tissues: implications for herbivore-plant combat and dental wear proxies N2 - Tooth wear induced by abrasive particles is a key process affecting dental function and life expectancy in mammals. Abrasive particles may be plant endogenous opal phytoliths, exogene wind-blown quartz dust or rain borne mineral particles ingested by mammals. Nano-indentation hardness of abrasive particles and dental tissues is a significant yet not fully established parameter of this tribological system. We provide consistent nano-indentation hardness data for some of the major antagonists in the dental tribosystem (tooth enamel, tooth dentine and opaline phytoliths from silica controlled cultivation). All indentation data were gathered from native tissues under stable and controlled conditions and thus maximize comparability to natural systems. Here we show that native (hydrated) wild boar enamel exceeds any hardness measures known for dry herbivore tooth enamel by at least 3 GPa. The native tooth enamel is not necessarily softer then environmental quartz grit, although there is little overlap. The native hardness of the tooth enamel exceeds that of any silica phytolith hardness recently published. Further, we find that native reed phytoliths equal native suine dentine in hardness, but does not exceed native suine enamel. We also find that native suine enamel is significantly harder than dry enamel and dry phytoliths are harder than native phytoliths. Our data challenge the claim that the culprit of tooth wear may be the food we chew, but suggest instead that wear may relates more to exogenous than endogenous abrasives. KW - Phytolith KW - Indentation hardness KW - Enamel KW - Dentine KW - Tooth wear PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-451417 UR - http://zoobank.org/5C7DBB2B-B27D-4CE6-9656-33C4A0DA0F39 DO - https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.2.22678 VL - 2 SP - 55 EP - 63 PB - PENSOFT CY - USA AN - OPUS4-45141 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Riechers, Birte A1 - Maaß, Robert T1 - nanoindentation data associated with the publication "On the elastic microstructure of bulk metallic glasses" in Materials&Design 2023 N2 - This dataset consists of indentation data measured with a conospherical tip in a Hysitron-Bruker TI980 Nanoindenter on the surface of a <100> Silicon wafer and a polished cross-sectional cut of a Zr65Cu25Al10 bulk metallic glass. It is associated with the following publication: Birte Riechers, Catherine Ott, Saurabh Mohan Das, Christian H. Liebscher, Konrad Samwer, Peter M. Derlet and Robert Maass "On the elastic microstructure of bulk metallic glasses" Materials and Design xxx, (2023) 111929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111929 All experimental information can be found in this paper and in the accompanying supplementary information. This electronic version of the data was published on the "Zenodo Data repository" found at http://zenodo.org/deposit in the community "Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM)". The authors have copyright to these data. You are welcome to use the data for further analysis, but are requested to cite the original publication whenever use is made of the data in publications, presentations, etc. Any questions regarding the data can be addressed to birte.riechers@bam.de who would also appreciate a note if you find the data useful. KW - Metallic glasses KW - Nanoindentation KW - Elastic microstructure PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7818224 PB - Zenodo CY - Geneva AN - OPUS4-57352 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo T1 - Navigating the Nanoworld: Understanding Materials Properties with the Transmission Electron Microscope N2 - The field of materials science is defined as “the study of the properties of solid materials and how those properties are determined by a material’s composition and structure.”. Many –if not most– of the materials that are produced nowadays owe their properties to structures engineered down to the nanoscopic level. This need has been partly realized thanks to the understanding of materials’ building blocks via characterization techniques that reach this level of resolution. Transmission electron microscopy, since its first implementation in the early 1930s (in Berlin), has been implemented to achieve imaging –and spectral– analysis at lateral resolutions down to the atomic level. In this contribution, a series of practical examples will be presented, where applied materials are characterized by a range of transmission electron microscopy techniques to understand structural and functional properties of a wide range of materials. Among these materials examples will be presented on structural conventionally and additively manufactured metallic alloys, high entropy alloys, dissimilar aluminum-to-steel welds, magnetic nanoparticles, ceramic coatings, high temperature oxidation products. Addressed will be either the effect of processing route or that of the exposure to experimental conditions similar to those found in the respective intended applications. T2 - UA/UAB/UAH MSE Graduate Seminar CY - Online meeting DA - 19.01.2022 KW - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) KW - Characterization KW - Microstructure KW - 3D PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54238 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kilo, M. A1 - Contreras Jaimes, A. A1 - Diegeler, A. A1 - Niebergall, R. A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Reinsch, Stefan T1 - New Approaches for the Preparation and Characterisation of New Glasses N2 - The new robot-assisted glass melting device at BAM is presented by the manufacturing team within the joint project GlasDigital together with an automatic thermo-optical measurement technique. T2 - UST-DGG joint meeting CY - Orléans, France DA - 23.05.2023 KW - Glass melting KW - Thermo-optical measurement PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58733 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kilo, M. A1 - Contreras, A. A1 - Diegeler, A. A1 - Niebergall, R. A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Reinsch, Stefan T1 - New Approaches for the Preparation and Characterisation of New Glasses N2 - The new robot-assisted glass melting device at BAM is presented by the manufacturing team within the joint project GlasDigital together with an automatic thermo-optical measurement technique. T2 - USTV-DGG joint meeting CY - Orleans, France DA - 22.05.2023 KW - Glass KW - Robotic melting PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60374 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd T1 - News from the working area - Semantic Interoperability N2 - This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments and the current status within the Semantic Interoperability work area, with a particular emphasis on the advancements related to the Platform MaterialDigital Core Ontology (PMDco). The presentation will delve into the collaborative and community-supported curation process that has been instrumental in shaping PMDco. Additionally, we will introduce the innovative Ontology Playground, showcasing its role in fostering experimentation and exploration within the realm of ontology development. T2 - MaterialDigital Vollversammlung CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 21.09.2023 KW - Semantic Representation KW - FAIR data management KW - Semantic Interoperability KW - Knowledge graph and ontologies KW - PMD Core Ontology KW - MaterialDigital PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58422 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Shakeel, Y. A1 - Soysal, M. A1 - Vitali, E. A1 - Ost, P. A1 - Aversa, R. A1 - Ávila Calderón, Luis Alexander A1 - Engstler, M. A1 - Fell, J. A1 - Fritzen, F. A1 - Hermmann, H.-G. A1 - Laadhar, A. A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen A1 - Pauly, C. A1 - Roland, M. A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - NFDI-MatWerk - Reference Datasets N2 - Within NFDI-MatWerk (“National Research Data Infrastructure for Material Sciences”/ “Nationale Forschungsdateninfrastruktur für Materialwissenschaften und Werkstofftechnik“), the Task Area Materials Data Infrastructure (TA-MDI) will provide tools and services to easily store, share, search, and analyze data and metadata. Such a digital materials environment will ensure data integrity, provenance, and authorship. The MatWerk consortium aims to develop specific solutions jointly with Participant Projects (PPs), which are scientific groups or institutes covering different domains, from theory and simulations to experiments. The Data Exploitation Methods group of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology-Steinbuch Centre of Computing, as part of TA-MDI, is developing specific solutions in close collaboration with three PPs. PP07, together with the University of Stuttgart, aims at the image-based prediction of the material properties of stochastic microstructures using large-scale supercomputers. PP13, in cooperation with the University of Saarland, focuses on tomographic methods at various scales in materials research. PP18, together with the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (“Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung”), aspires to define the criteria for materials reference datasets and usage analytics. The requirements and goals are comparable for each PP: their research outputs, which are scientific datasets, should conform to the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles. We aim to shape them from a data management perspective making use of the FAIR Digital Object concept, including structured metadata and storage solutions. The results will be a blueprint which will act as a reference for future datasets. Even though the collaboration is in an early stage, the initial steps already show the added value of this approach. This research has been supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) – funding code M532701 / the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - project number NFDI 38/1, project no. 460247524. T2 - HMC Conference 2022 CY - Online meeting DA - 05.10.2022 KW - NFDI KW - NFDI-MatWerk KW - Reference Data KW - FAIR KW - Creep PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56611 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ávila Calderón, Luis Alexander A1 - Shakeel, Yusra A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen A1 - Aversa, Rossella A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - NFDI-MatWerk PP18 / IUC02 Reference Data: Creep Data of a single crystalline Ni-Base Alloy N2 - Reference datasets in the MSE domain represent specific material properties, e.g., structural, mechanical, … characteristics. A reference dataset must fulfill high-quality standards, not only in precision of measurement but also in a comprehensive documentation of material, processing, and testing history (metadata). This Infrastructure Use Case (IUC) of the consortium Materials Science and Engineering (MatWerk) of National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI) aims to develop, together with BAM and other Participant Projects (PP), a framework for generating reference material datasets using creep data of a single crystal Ni-based superalloy as a best practice example. In a community-driven process, we aim to encourage the discussion and establish a framework for identifying reference material datasets. In this poster presentation, we highlight our current vision and activities and intend to stimulate the discussion about the topic reference datasets and future collaborations and work. T2 - All-Hands-on-Deck congress from the NFDI-MatWerk CY - Siegburg, Germany DA - 08.03.2023 KW - Referenzdaten KW - Reference data KW - Creep KW - Syngle Crystal alloy KW - Metadata schema PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57146 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehmann, N. A1 - Lenting, C. A1 - Stawski, Tomasz A1 - Agudo Jacome, Leonardo A1 - Jahn, S. T1 - Non classical nucleation in calcium sulfates Insights from the hyper arid Atacama Desert N2 - Gypsum (CaSO4∙2H2O) and anhydrite (CaSO4) are among the dominant evaporite minerals in the Atacama Desert [1]. They are distributed ubiquitously, and play a key role in local landscape evolution. The formation mechanism of especially anhydrite has been a matter of scientific debate for more than a century [2]. To date, there exists no model that can reliably predict anhydrite formation at earth’s surface conditions. While thermodynamics favor its formation [3], it is hardly achieved on laboratory time scales at conditions fitting the Atacama Desert. Long induction times for nucleation have recently been modeled by Ossorio et al. [4]. However, anhydrite can be readily found in the Atacama Desert. Recently, the mineral was synthesized in flow-through reactors as a byproduct of K-jarosite dissolution at high water activity (aw=0.98) and room temperature [5], even-though the thermodynamic stability field begins only under a value of ~0.8. Additionally, recent studies investigated the nano-structure of various calcium-sulfates, which advocate for highly non-classical crystallization behavior [6]. The specific roles of particulates, ionic or organic reagents working as catalysts for the non-classical crystallization pathway remain to be determined. Here, we present recent results from flow-through experiments as well as analyses of anhydrite samples from the Atacama Desert. Flow-through experiments were performed to systematically explore the domains of flow rate, composition, ionic-strengths and starting materials. Neither primary, nor secondary anhydrite was produced in any of these experiments. Analyses on Atacama samples reveal the existence of at least three distinct anhydrite facies, with differing mineralogy and micro- to nano-structures. The facies are (1) aeolian deposits with sub-µm grain sizes, (2) (sub-)surface nodules that formed from aeolian deposits and (3) selenites with secondary anhydrite rims. Possible mechanisms of their formation will be discussed. T2 - Goldschmidt2023 CY - Lyon, France DA - 13.07.2023 KW - Gypsum KW - Anhydrite KW - Atacama Desert KW - Local landscape evolution PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58988 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Nielow, Dustin T1 - Non-destructive characterization methods for polymer matrix composites N2 - The mechanical behavior of fiber reinforced composites with polymer matrix is governed by several mechanisms operating at different length scales. In this contribution we describe first non-destructive techniques which are adequate for the characterization of the fiber-matrix interphase at a microscopic level. In a second step we describe on a mesoscopic level the influence of manufacturing related elements on the mechanical properties of rotor blades for wind turbines. We concentrate on thermography, laminography and ultrasound in connection with mechanical testing systems. Finally we present methods for monitoring rotor blades by using embedded optical fibers. T2 - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brasilien CY - Online meeting DA - 26.11.2020 KW - Polymer matrix composites PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-52043 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stephan-Scherb, Christiane T1 - Novel insights into high temperature corrosion phenomena by advanced X-ray methods N2 - A variety of materials of technological interest change their properties through contact with reactive media. Solid-gas reactions lead to a variety of reaction products on the surfaces and internal interfaces. The observation of nucleation and growth processes in the environment where they occur (in situ) from a chemical-structural perspective is especially challenging for aggressive atmospheres. The talk presents innovative approaches to study corrosion mechanisms using advanced X-ray methods. Using energy dispersive X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy in different tailor made environmental reaction chambers, valuable insights into high temperature oxidation and sulfidation processes were gained. Fe-based alloys were exposed to hot and reactive atmospheres containing gases like SO2, H2O and O2 at 650°C. During the gas exposure the tailor made reaction chambers were connected to a high energy diffraction end station at the synchrotron. The crystallization and growth of oxide and sulfide reaction products at the alloy surfaces were monitored by collecting full diffraction pattern every minute. Careful examination of shape and intensity of phase-specific reflections enabled to a detailed view on growth kinetics. These studies showed, oxides are the first phases occurring immediately after experimental start. As soon as reactive gas media enter the chamber, the conditions change and different reaction products, such as sulfides start to grow. A comparison of different gas environments applied, illustrated the differences in the type of reaction products. The in situ observation of high temperature material degradation by corrosion made it possible to study the contribution of phases, which are not stable at room temperature. For instance, wuestite (Fe1-xO), was frequently observed at high temperatures in humid gases on Fe with 2 wt.% and 9 wt.% chromium, but not at room temperature. The strength of the occurrence of this phase additionally explains why, despite a higher Cr content, ferritic alloys with 9 wt.% Cr in a challenging atmosphere prevent the intrinsic formation of protective layers. The in situ observations were supplemented by careful considerations of thermodynamic boundary conditions and detailed post characterization by classical metallographic analysis. Additionally, the structure and chemistry of the dominant oxide layers were evaluated using X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. The talk will give an overview about chances and challenges for studying high temperature corrosion phenomena by advanced X-ray methods. T2 - MRS Spring Meeting CT08.02.01 CY - Online Meeting DA - 18.04.2021 KW - XRD KW - Spectroscopy KW - Corrosion KW - High temperature KW - In-situ PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52486 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jentzsch, Stefan A1 - Stock, Daniel A1 - Häcker, Ralf A1 - Klingbeil, Dietmar A1 - Kindrachuk, Vitaliy T1 - Numerical and experimental investigations on metal shear band formation at high strain rates with a Hopkinson bar setup N2 - The essence of dynamic failure is closely linked to the formation of adiabatic shear bands (ASB), which result from the localization of shear strain under high deformation speeds accompanied by a rapid temperature increase. Understanding this phenomenon is crucial in view of safety issues when impacts of fast rotating machine components (i.e. aircraft turbine blades) may occur. Our contribution addresses both the experimental evidence and characterization of ASBs due to high-speed impact tests at the Split HOPKINSON pressure bar (SHPB) setup and the finite element analysis to determine the parameters of the underlying constitutive model, which is closely related to JOHNSON-COOK (JC) material model. Experimental investigations were performed on notched shear specimens made of the fine -grained structural steel S690QL and the displacements in the regions affected by shear localization were measured with subset-based local Digital Image Correlation (DIC). The displacement fields, obtained in the SHPB tests, were considered as an objective to validate and to identify the constitutive parameters with. The JC model could reasonably reproduce the displacement distribution. In order to overcome the issues with mesh dependency we provide a nonlocal extension based on the implicit gradient model approach. T2 - GAMM Annual Meeting 2023 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 30.05.2023 KW - Gradient-enhanced damage KW - Adiabatic shear bands KW - Split Hopkinson bar KW - Digital image correlation KW - Viscoplasticity KW - Finite element analysis PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57827 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ganesh, Rahul A1 - Gesell, Stephan A1 - Kuna, M. A1 - Fedelich, Bernard A1 - Kiefer, B. T1 - Numerical calculation of ΔCTOD for thermomechanical fatigue crack growth N2 - The cyclic crack tip opening displacement ΔCTOD is a promising loading Parameter to quantify the crack propagation under thermomechanical fatigue (TMF). In this work, suitable techniques are investigated and compared for an accurate calculation of ΔCTOD under TMF loading using a viscoplastic temperature dependent material model. It turned out that collapsed special crack tip elements give the best results. An efficient FEM-technique is developed to simulate the incremental crack growth by successive remeshing, whereby the deformations and internal state variables are mapped from the old mesh onto the new one. The developed techniques are demonstrated and discussed for two-dimensional examples like TMF-specimens. Recommendations are made regarding important numerical control parameters like optimal size of crack tip elements, length of crack growth increment in relation to plastic zone size and ΔCTOD value. N2 - Zur Bewertung des Rissfortschritts unter thermomechanischer Ermüdung (TMF) ist die zyklische Rissöffnungsverschiebung ΔCTOD ein aussichtsreicher bruchmechanischer Beanspruchungsparameter. In dieser Arbeit werden unter Anwendung eines viskoplastischen, temperaturabhängigen Materialmodells geeignete FEM-Techniken für die akkurate Berechnung des ΔCTOD bei TMF erprobt und verglichen. Als beste Technik hat sich die Verwendung kollabierter Rissspitzenelemente erwiesen. Es wurde ein effizienter FEM-Algorithmus zur Simulation der Rissausbreitung mit inkrementeller Neuvernetzung entwickelt, bei dem die Verformungen und inelastischen Zustandsvariablen jeweils vom alten auf das neue Netz übertragen werden. Die erarbeiteten Techniken werden am Beispiel von zweidimensionalen Strukturen und TMF-Proben vorgestellt und diskutiert. Dabei werden wesentliche Kontrollparameter der Simulation wie optimale Grösse der Rissspitzenelemente, Länge des Rissinkrementes in Relation zur plastischen Zone und dem ΔCTOD-Wert empfohlen. T2 - 53. Tagung des Arbeitskreises "Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit" CY - Online meeting DA - 18.02.2021 KW - Crack tip opening displacement KW - Thermomechanical fatigue KW - Crack growth PY - 2021 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - DVM (Deutscher Verband für Materialforschung und -prüfung) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-52519 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ganesh, Rahul A1 - Gesell, Stephan A1 - Kuna, M. A1 - Fedelich, Bernard A1 - Kiefer, B. T1 - Numerical calculation of ΔCTOD for thermomechanical fatigue crack growth N2 - The cyclic crack tip opening displacement ΔCTOD is a promising loading Parameter to quantify the crack propagation under thermomechanical fatigue (TMF). In this work, suitable techniques are investigated and compared for an accurate calculation of ΔCTOD under TMF loading using a viscoplastic temperature dependent material model. It turned out that collapsed special crack tip elements give the best results. An efficient FEM-technique is developed to simulate the incremental crack growth by successive remeshing, whereby the deformations and internal state variables are mapped from the old mesh onto the new one. The developed techniques are demonstrated and discussed for two-dimensional examples like TMF-specimens. Recommendations are made regarding important numerical control parameters like optimal size of crack tip elements, length of crack growth increment in relation to plastic zone size and ΔCTOD value. T2 - 53. Tagung des Arbeitskreises "Bruchmechanik und Bauteilsicherheit" CY - Online meeting DA - 18.02.2021 KW - Crack tip opening displacement KW - Thermomechanical fatigue KW - Crack growth PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52520 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gesell, Stephan A1 - Ganesh, Rahul A1 - Kuna, Meinhard A1 - Fedelich, Bernard A1 - Kiefer, Björn T1 - Numerical calculation of ΔCTOD for thermomechanical fatigue crack growth N2 - The cyclic crack tip opening displacement ΔCTOD is a promising loading Parameter to quantify the crack propagation under thermomechanical fatigue (TMF). In this work, suitable techniques are investigated and compared for an accurate calculation of ΔCTOD under TMF loading using a viscoplastic temperature dependent material model. It turned out that collapsed special crack tip elements give the best results. An efficient FEM-technique is developed to simulate the incremental crack growth by successive remeshing, whereby the deformations and internal state variables are mapped from the old mesh onto the new one. The developed techniques are demonstrated and discussed for two-dimensional examples like TMF-specimens. Recommendations are made regarding important numerical control parameters like optimal size of crack tip elements, length of crack growth increment in relation to plastic zone size and ΔCTOD value. T2 - ESIS Technical Meeting on Numerical Methods (TC8) CY - Online meeting DA - 06.04.2021 KW - Crack tip opening displacement KW - Thermomechanical fatigue KW - Crack growth PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52410 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mieller, Björn A1 - Stargardt, Patrick A1 - Greinacher, M. T1 - Numerical study of electric field distribution in breakdown strength testing of ceramics N2 - Dielectric breakdown of insulators is a combined electrical, thermal, and mechanical failure. The exact breakdown mechanism in ceramics and the formulation of useful models are still subject of investigation. Recent studies highlighted that several experimental aspects of dielectric breakdown strength testing affect the test results, and thus impede the recognition of fundamental principles. Excess field strength near the electrode can lead to premature breakdown in the insulating liquid. This would cause superficial damage to the test specimen and thus falsify the measurement results. The field strength distribution is influenced by the ratio of permittivity of the sample and the surrounding insulating liquid. Premature breakdown depends on the breakdown strength of the liquid and the actual test voltage. The test voltage again depends on the specimen thickness. To systematically investigate these relations, a numerical simulation study (FEM) of the electric field distribution in a typical testing rig with cylindrical electrodes was performed. The permittivity of the sample and the insulating liquid was parameterized, as well as the sample thickness. The electric field distribution was calculated for increasing test voltage. Field strength maxima are compared to experimental breakdown strength of typical insulating liquids and experimental breakdown locations on alumina. Strategies are discussed to adjust the insulation liquid and the sample thickness to reduce the influence of the testing setup on the dielectric breakdown strength results. T2 - Ceramics in Europe 2022 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 10.07.2022 KW - Ceramics KW - Dielectric breakdown strength KW - Electric field distribution KW - Alumina PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55325 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rockenhäuser, Christian T1 - Obtaining, validating, and storing material parameters N2 - Several aspects of obtaining, validating, and storing material parameters are presented and discussed pertaining especially to calibration, inter-laboratory testing and statistical validation. T2 - 2019 Summer School Priotrity Program 1713 "Chemomechanics" CY - Ebernburg, Germamy DA - 06.05.2019 KW - Materials science KW - Calibration KW - Data storage PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48012 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Schiller, B.N. A1 - Beck, M. A1 - Bettge, Dirk T1 - On the corrosion behaviour of co 2 injection pipe steels: role of cement N2 - Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is identified as an excellent technology to reach the target of CO2 reduction. However, the safety issue and cost-effectiveness hinder the future of CCS. For the reliability and safety issues of injection wells, the corrosion resistance of the materials used needs to be determined. In this study, representative low-cost materials including carbon steel 1.8977 and low alloyed steel 1.7225 were investigated in simulated pore water at 333 K and under CO2 saturation condition to represent the worst-case scenario: CO2 diffusion and aquifer fluid penetration. These simulated pore waters were made from relevant cement powder to mimic the realistic casing-cement interface. Electrochemical studies were carried out using the pore water made of cement powder dissolved in water in comparison with those dissolved in synthetic aquifer fluid, to reveal the effect of cement as well as formation water on the steel performance. Two commercially available types of cement were investigated: Dyckerhoff Variodur® and Wollastonite. Variodur® is a cement containing high performance binder with ultra-fine blast furnace slag which can be used to produce high acid resistance concrete. On the other hand, Wollastonite is an emerging natural material mainly made of CaSiO3 which can be hardened by converting to CaCO3 during CO2 injection. The results showed the pH-reducing effect of CO2 on the simulated pore water/aquifer (from more than 10 to less than 5) leading to the active corrosion process that happened on both 1.8977 and 1.7225. Electrochemical characterization showed negative free corrosion potential and polarisation curves without passive behaviors. The tested coupons suffered from pitting corrosion, which was confirmed by surface analysis. Interestingly, basing on the pit depth measurements from the tested coupons and the hardness of cement powder, it is suggested that Variodur® performed better than Wollastonite in both aspects. The electrochemical data was compared to that resulted from exposure tests to give a recommendation on material selection for bore-hole construction. T2 - EUROCORR 2019 CY - Sevilla, Spain DA - 09.09.2019 KW - Cement KW - Carbon capture KW - Corrosion and storage (CCUS) technology KW - Utilization KW - Carbon steel KW - Crevice corrosion PY - 2019 SP - Paper 200597, 1 EP - 4 PB - SOCIEMAT CY - Madrid, Spain AN - OPUS4-49109 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Schiller, B.N A1 - Beck, M. A1 - Bettge, Dirk T1 - On the corrosion behaviour of CO2 injection pipe steels: Role of cement N2 - Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is identified as an excellent technology to reach the target of CO2 reduction. However, the safety issue and cost-effectiveness hinder the future of CCS. For the reliability and safety issues of injection wells, the corrosion resistance of the materials used needs to be determined. In this study, representative low-cost materials including carbon steel 1.8977 and low alloyed steel 1.7225 were investigated in simulated pore water at 333 K and under CO2 saturation condition to represent the worst-case scenario: CO2 diffusion and aquifer fluid penetration. These simulated pore waters were made from relevant cement powder to mimic the realistic casing-cement interface. Electrochemical studies were carried out using the pore water made of cement powder dissolved in water in comparison with those dissolved in synthetic aquifer fluid, to reveal the effect of cement as well as formation water on the steel performance. Two commercially available types of cement were investigated: Dyckerhoff Variodur® and Wollastonite. Variodur® is a cement containing high performance binder with ultra-fine blast furnace slag which can be used to produce high acid resistance concrete. On the other hand, Wollastonite is an emerging natural material mainly made of CaSiO3 which can be hardened by converting to CaCO3 during CO2 injection. The results showed the pH-reducing effect of CO2 on the simulated pore water/aquifer (from more than 10 to less than 5) leading to the active corrosion process that happened on both 1.8977 and 1.7225. Electrochemical characterization showed negative free corrosion potential and polarisation curves without passive behaviors. The tested coupons suffered from pitting corrosion, which was confirmed by surface analysis. Interestingly, basing on the pit depth measurements from the tested coupons and the hardness of cement powder, it is suggested that Variodur® performed better than Wollastonite in both aspects. The electrochemical data was compared to that resulted from exposure tests to give a recommendation on material selection for bore-hole construction. T2 - EUROCORR 2019 CY - Sevilla, Spain DA - 09.09.2019 KW - Carbon capture KW - Utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology KW - Corrosion KW - Carbon steel KW - Mortel KW - Crevice corrosion PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49105 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Ontology-oriented modeling of the Vickers hardness knowledge graph N2 - This research deals with the development of the Vickers hardness knowledge graph, mapping the example dataset in them, and exporting the data-mapped knowledge graph as a machine-readable Resource Description Framework (RDF). Modeling the knowledge graph according to the standardized test procedure and using the appropriate upper-level ontologies were taken into consideration to develop the highly standardized, incorporable, and industrial applicable models. Furthermore, the Ontopanel approach was utilized for mapping the real experimental data in the developed knowledge graphs and the resulting RDF files were successfully evaluated through the SPARQL queries. T2 - ICMMM 2023: 10th International Conference on Mechanics, Materials and Manufacturing CY - Washington, D.C., USA DA - 18.08.2023 KW - Ontology KW - Knowledge graph KW - Data mapping KW - Vickers hardness KW - FAIR data PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58100 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Ontology-Oriented Modeling of the Vickers Hardness Knowledge Graph N2 - This research deals with the development of the Vickers hardness knowledge graph, mapping the example dataset in them, and exporting the data-mapped knowledge graph as a machine-readable Resource Description Framework (RDF). Modeling the knowledge graph according to the standardized test procedure and using the appropriate upper-level ontologies were taken into consideration to develop the highly standardized, incorporable, and industrial applicable models. Furthermore, the Ontopanel approach was utilized for mapping the real experimental data in the developed knowledge graphs and the resulting RDF files were successfully evaluated through the SPARQL queries. KW - Data Mapping KW - FAIR Data KW - Ontology KW - Knowledge Graph KW - Vickers Hardness PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.4028/p-k8Gj2L VL - 149 SP - 33 EP - 38 PB - Trans Tech Publications Ltd CY - Switzerland AN - OPUS4-59981 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Chen, Yue A1 - Schilling, Markus A1 - von Hartrott, P. A1 - Huschka, M. A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Hanke, T. A1 - Todor, A. T1 - Ontopanel: a diagrams.net plugin for graphical semantic modelling N2 - Ontologies that represent a map of the concepts and relationships between them, are becoming an effective solution for data standardization and integration of different resources in the field of materials science, as efficient data storage and management is the building block of material digitization. However, building a domain ontology is not a simple task. It requires not only a collaborative effort between ontologists and domain experts, but also the modeling approaches and tools play a key role in the process. Among all approaches, graphical representation of domain ontologies based on standard conceptual modeling languages is widely used because of its intuitiveness and simplicity. Various tools have been developed to realize this approach in an intuitive way, such as Protégé plugins and web visualization tools. The Materials-open-Lab (MatOLab) project, which aims to develop ontologies and workflows in accordance with testing standards for the materials science and engineering domains, adopted a UML (Unified Modeling Language) approach based on the diagrams.net. It is a powerful, popular, open-source graphical editor. In practical case studies, however, many users’ needs could not be met, such as reusing ontology, conversion, and data mapping. Users must switch between different tools to achieve a certain step, and thereby invariably increase learning cost. The lack of validation also leads to incorrect diagrams and results for users who are not familiar with the ontology rules. To address these issues, we designed Ontopanel, a diagrams.net-based plugin that includes a set of pipeline tools for semantic modeling: importing and displaying protégé-like ontologies, converting diagrams to OWL, validating diagrams by OWL rules, and mapping data. It uses diagrams.net as the front-end for method modeling and Django as the back-end for data processing. As a web-based tool, it is very easy to expand its functionality to meet changing practical needs. T2 - MSE 2022 CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 27.09.2022 KW - Ontology KW - Tools KW - Material digital KW - Mat-o-lab KW - Graphic design KW - Ontology development KW - Data mapping KW - FAIR KW - Materials testing PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55884 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Camargo, Andrea T1 - Optical properties of dental ceramics: Characterization via UV-Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopies N2 - When it comes to dental treatments, success is not only measured by attained functionality but, to a large extent, the associated aesthetics. This can become challenging for certain restorations and implants due to the complex optical characteristic of a tooth, which reflects, absorbs, diffuses, transmits, and even emits light. Thus, to get acceptable aesthetic results, favourable shade matching of ceramic restorations and implants should be achieved by strict control of optical response, which translates into a materials design question. Optical response is affected by several factors such as the composition, crystalline content, porosity, additives, grain size and the angle of incidence of light on the dental ceramics. The properties to be characterized are colour (and its stability), translucency, opalescence, refractive index, and fluorescence. Several techniques can be applied for the characterization of these properties and in this presentation, an overview will be given. Moreover, particular emphasis will be given on the capacitation of less familiarized public to UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence (PLE) spectroscopies that are versatile and widely employed for functional and structural characterization of glasses and glass ceramic materials. T2 - 2nd BAYLAT Workshop of CERTEV - FAU CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 04.12.2023 KW - Optical properties KW - Dental ceramics KW - Optical spectroscopy PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60364 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Camargo, Andrea T1 - Optical properties of glasses and ceramics N2 - Optical glasses and glass ceramics are present in many devices often used in our daily routine, such as the mobile phones and tablets. Since the 1960´s with the development of glass lasers, and more recently, within the search for efficient W-LEDs, sensors and solar converters, this class of materials has experienced extreme research progress. In order to tailor a material for such applications, it is very important to understand and characterize optical properties such as refractive index, transmission window, absorption and emission cross sections, quantum yields, etc. These properties can often be tuned by appropriate compositional choice and post-synthesis processing. In this lecture we will discuss the optical properties of glasses and glass ceramics, relevant to that end. T2 - 2nd CeRTEV Glass School CY - São Carlos, SP, Brazil DA - 22.04.2024 KW - Optical properties of glasses and ceramics PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60370 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Höhne, Patrick A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra A1 - Lindemann, Franziska A1 - Rabe, Torsten T1 - Optimized spray granules for dry pressing by means of slurry destabilization and ultrasonic atomization N2 - The homogeneous introduction of organic additives is a prerequisite for good processability of ceramic powders during dry pressing. The addition of organic additives by wet route via ceramic slurries offers advantages over dry processing. The organic content can be reduced and a more homogeneous distribution of the additives on the particle surface is achieved. In addition to the measurements of zeta potential and viscosity, sedimentation analysis by optical centrifugation was also tested and successfully used to characterize the ceramic slurries and accurately evaluate of the suitability of different types, amounts, and compositions of organic additives. Spray drying of well-stabilized slurries usually results in mostly hollow granules with a hard shell leading to sintered bodies with defects and reduced strength and density. By purposefully degrading the slurry stability after dispersion of the ceramic powder, the drying behavior of the granules in the spray drying process and thus the granule properties can be influenced. Destabilization of the slurry and thus partial flocculation was quantified by optical centrifugation. Spray drying of the destabilized alumina slurries resulted in "non-hollow" granules without the detrimental hard shell and thus improved granule properties. Further improvement of the granules was achieved by installing ultrasonic atomization in the spray dryer. A narrower granule size distribution was achieved, which had a positive effect on, among other things, the flowability of the granules. Specimens produced from this granules had fewer defects of smaller size, leading to better results for the density and strength of the sintered bodies. The observations made for alumina could be transferred to zirconia and as well to ZTA with 20 wt% zirconia. T2 - Ceramics in Europe 2022 CY - Krakau, Poland DA - 10.07.2022 KW - Ultrasound KW - Spray drying KW - Slurry PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56171 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nützmann, Kathrin A1 - Menneken, Martina A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo A1 - Stephan-Scherb, Christiane T1 - Orientation dependent corrosion N2 - Ferritic-martensitic Fe-Cr alloys are widely utilised as materials for high temperature applications such as super heater tubes in coal, biomass or co-fired power plants. Various corrosive gases are produced in combustion processes, but especially SO2 is known to cause catastrophic application failure. In order to understand the effect of orientation and grain size of the alloy on the initial corrosion processes we analysed metal coupons of Fe-Cr- alloys (2-13 wt. % Cr) by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) before and after exposure to SO2 containing atmospheres in 650°C for short time spans (2 min – 12 h). An infra red heated furnace with integrated water-cooling was used for the ageing procedures to conduct short time experiments and to keep the reaction products in a ‘frozen’ state. EBSD characterization of oxides formed on the surface of the alloys showed a topotactic relationship between grain orientation of the alloys and the oxides. With increasing scale thickness this relation diminishes possibly due to lattice strain. There appears to be no correlation between oxide growth and absolute, initial orientation, grain size, or the quality of polishing. An initially topotactic relationship between scale and steel had been already described for the formation of magnetite in hot steam environments, indicating that the initial corrosion mechanisms are mainly depending on the presence of Oxygen, and not changed by the presence of Sulphur. However, Sulphur is incorporated into the oxide scale in the low Cr alloy, and mainly observable in the inner corrosion zone for the higher alloyed material. Furthermore, oxides formed directly on grain boundaries in higher Cr alloyed materials are enriched in Cr compared to oxides on grain faces. T2 - EFC Workshop Dechema CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 26.09.2018 KW - Crystal Orientation KW - High Temperature Corrosion PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47279 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tielemann, Christopher A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Oriented Surface Crystallization N2 - Up to now, oriented surface crystallization phenomena are discussed controversially, and related studies are restricted to few glasses. For silicate glasses we found a good correlation between the calculated surface energy of crystal faces and oriented surface nucleation. Surface energies were estimated assuming that crystal surfaces resemble minimum energy crack paths along the given crystal plane. This concept was successfully applied by Rouxel in calculating fracture surface energies of glasses. Several oriented nucleation phenomena can be herby explained assuming that high energy crystal surfaces tend to be wetted by the melt. This would minimize the total interfacial energy of the nucleus. Furthermore, we will discuss the evolution of the microstructure and its effect on the preferred crystal orientation. T2 - 26th International Congress on Glass CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 03.07.2022 KW - Glass KW - Surface energy KW - Crystal orientation PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56074 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Tielemann, Christopher A1 - Busch, R. A1 - Patzig, C. A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Höche, T. T1 - Oriented surface crystallization in 18BaO·22CaO·60SiO2 and MgO·CaO·2SiO2 glasses N2 - Up to now, oriented surface crystallization phenomena are discussed controversially, and related studies are restricted to few glasses. The vast majority of previous work does not consider possible effects of surface preparation and surrounding atmosphere. Moreover, very few observations of surface crystal orientation were made on separately grown crystals. The aim of our project is to advance the basic understanding of oriented surface crystallization, e.g. whether preferred orientation of surface crystals results from oriented nucleation or reorientation mechanisms during early crystal growth. In both cases, crystal orientation may reflect the orientation of the glass surface or that of anisotropic active surface nucleation sites. Therefore, we focus on orientation of surface crystals separately growing under controlled conditions. First results on diopside (MgCaSi2O6) and walstromite (BaCa2Si3O9) crystals growing from 18BaO·22CaO·60SiO2 and MgO·CaO·2SiO2 glass surfaces, respectively, indicate that different orientation mechanisms may occur. Neighbored walstromite crystals were found to gradually reorient themselves when they are going to impinge each other during stepwise isothermal treatments (log η = 4,5 Pa*s) of polished glass samples. Nevertheless, no preferred crystal orientation was evident for separate crystals. For diopside crystals growing from polished glass surfaces (1 μm diamond lapping foil), strong preferred orientation was observed for 3.5 to 85 min annealing at 850 °C. Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) studies showed that the c-axis of surface crystals is oriented parallel to the glass surface and that separated diopside crystals as small as 600 nm are already oriented. Studies on glass surfaces, polished with diamond lapping foils starting from 16 μm down to 1 μm grain, revealed that crystal orientation may scatter arround this preferential orientation and that this scatter progressively decreases with decreasing polishing grain size. T2 - 93rd Annual Meeting of the German Society of Glass Technology (DGG) in conjunction with the French Union for Science and Glass Technology (USTV) Annual Meeting CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 13.05.2019 KW - Surface crystallization KW - Orientation KW - Glass KW - Diopside PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48198 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Oriented Surface Crystallization in Glasses N2 - Up to now, oriented surface crystallization phenomena are discussed controversially, and related studies are restricted to few glasses. For silicate glasses we found a good correlation between the calculated surface energy of crystal faces and oriented surface nucleation. Surface energies were estimated assuming that crystal surfaces resemble minimum energy crack paths along the given crystal plane. This concept was successfully applied at the Institute of Physics of Rennes in calculating fracture surface energies of glasses. Several oriented nucleation phenomena can be herby explained assuming that high energy crystal surfaces tend to be wetted by the melt. This would minimize the total interfacial energy of the nucleus. Furthermore, we will discuss the evolution of the microstructure and its effect on the preferred crystal orientation. T2 - ACerS GOMD 2024- Glass & Optical Materials Division Meeting CY - Las Vegas, NV, USA DA - 19.05.2024 KW - Surface nucleation KW - Oriented surface crystallization KW - Surface energy PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60238 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simkin, Roman A1 - Kranzmann, Axel A1 - Pfennig, Anja A1 - Heide, G. T1 - Oxidation behavior of FeCr model alloys in synthetic air at temperatures above 600 °C N2 - The life time of mechanical components in high temperature applications is basically determined by their workings. Corrosion determines the loss of material corresponding to the loss of the effective load-bearing section and consequently increasing stress levels. To improve the material selection for such applications a numerical life prediction corrosion model for different alloys and environments is needed. Based on the ferritic alloys FeCr and FeCrCo a first quantitative model is to be developed. For this purpose, the alloys are aged at 600°C, 650°C and 700°C in synthetic air under normal pressure for between 10 and 240 hours. The first objective is to establish a quantitative relationship between the oxidation rate as a function of composition and microstructure of the alloys. The influence of the inner interface as an essential parameter for transport by diffusion on the oxidation kinetics is discussed in this presentation. T2 - Gordon Research Conference CY - New London, New Hempshire, USA DA - 21.07.2019 KW - High temperature corrosion KW - Oxidation KW - Synthetic air KW - Modeling KW - FeCr- alloys PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49464 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra A1 - Lindemann, Franziska T1 - Particle size determination of a commercially available CeO2 nano powder - SOPs and reference data N2 - Compilation of detailed SOPs for characterization of a commercially available CeO2 nano powder including - suspension preparation (indirect and direct sonication), - particle size determination (Dynamic Light Scattering DLS and Centrifugal Liquid Sedimentation CLS) with reference data, respectively. For sample preparation and analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of this powder see related works (submitted, coming soon). KW - Wet dispersion KW - Nano powder KW - Particle size KW - CeO2 KW - Ceria KW - DLS KW - CLS PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10061079 PB - Zenodo CY - Geneva AN - OPUS4-58785 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -