TY - CONF A1 - Trappe, Volker T1 - Thermo-mechanical fatigue of glass fiber reinforced polymer N2 - Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) materials in practical applications have to endure cyclic mechanical loading in a wide temperature range (e.g. aircraft applications, automotive, wind turbine blades). In this study the static strength and fatigue behavior of GFRP was investigated in a temperature range from 213 K to 343 K. Therefor the coefficients of thermal expansion of the composite as well as the matrix are measured in this temperature interval. The inverse laminate theory was extended and used to calculate the inter fiber-failure effort for a virtual UD-layer according to the layer wise strength approach. The experimentally determined results are compared with the micro-mechanical model according to Krimmer, which has been enhanced to include the effect of temperature and fiber-perpendicular failure modes. A correlation between matrix effort, the dilatational strain energy of the matrix and the damage state of the specimen is demonstrated. It is shown that a fatigue life assessment can be performed with the aid of a temperature-independent master fatigue curve, as it was similar done for the fatigue behavior of CFRP and GFRP to very high load cycles at room temperature. T2 - ICFC8 - The 8th International Conference on the Fatigue of Composites CY - Online meeting DA - 23.06.2021 KW - Glass fibre reinforced plastics KW - Fatigue KW - Thermo-mechanical-loading PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52910 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - Tensile Test Ontology used in Platform Material Digital (PMD) N2 - Data analysis methods play an important role in both the experimental and simulation-based digital description of materials but have so far been poorly structured. The platform Material Digital (PMD) is supposed to contribute to a standardized description of data processing methods in materials research. The goal is the quality assurance of the processes and the output data, the acquisition and definition of their accuracy as well as the interoperability between applications. Therefore, application ontologies are created to explicitly describe processes and test methods. In this presentation, the first efforts within the joint project PMD in creating a tensile test application ontology in accordance with the ISO standard 6892-1:2019-11 are shown. Especially, the path of ontology development to be pursued based on standards was focused. Furthermore, the presentation includes a live demonstration of queries possibly performed to query data that was uploaded in the PMD triple store. T2 - Online Workshop: An introduction to the semantic web and ontologies CY - Online meeting DA - 23.04.2021 KW - Ontology KW - Tensile Test KW - Platform Material Digital KW - PMD KW - Knowledge Graphs KW - Semantic Web PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52949 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Le, Quynh-Hoa T1 - Entwicklung einer fraktographischen Symbolik N2 - Bei der Untersuchung von Bruchflächen werden zunächst Beobachtungen gemacht, d.h. makroskopische und mikroskopische Merkmale analysiert und in Bildern dokumentiert. Im zweiten Schritt werden anhand der gefundenen Merkmale Rissverlauf und Bruchmechanismen ermittelt. Abschließend sollen diese Ergebnisse in einem Bericht oder Gutachten zusammengefasst werden. Hierbei ist eine skizzenhafte Darstellung der fraktographischen Befunde hilfreich für das Verständnis des Lesers. Ein vorgefertigter fraktographischer Symbolsatz würde dies erheblich vereinfachen. Skizzen von fraktographischen Befunden sind in der Literatur recht häufig zu finden, z.B. in der VDI 3822 oder dem ASM Handbook Fractography, allerdings gibt es hierzu keine umfassende Systematik, wie sie z.B. aus der Meteorologie (Wetterkarten), Geographie (Landkarten, Seekarten) oder Geologie (Bodenkarten) seit langer Zeit bekannt sind. Deshalb wird hier der Versuch unternommen, einen Symbolsatz zu entwickeln und zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit dessen Hilfe fraktographische Befunde in eindeutiger und übersichtlicher Weise veranschaulicht werden können. Der fraktographische Symbolsatz ("Fracto Graphics") befindet sich in Entwicklung, ist offen zur Diskussion sowie für Verbesserungen. T2 - 55. Metallographie-Tagung CY - Online meeting DA - 29.9.2021 KW - Fraktographie KW - Symbolik KW - Schadensanalyse PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53433 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blaeß, Carsten T1 - Viskose Rissschließung in Gläsern und Glasmatrixkompositen N2 - Um die Langzeitbeständigkeit von Hochtemperatur-Festoxidbrennstoffzellen (SOFC) sicherzustellen, ist das grundlegende Verständnis der viskosen Schließung oder Heilung von Rissen, als Folge wechselnder thermischer oder mechanischer Belastung, in Gläsern und teilkristallinen Materialien ein entscheidender Faktor. In Glas ist die Rissheilung hauptsächlich durch viskoses Fließen bestimmt. In teilkristallinen Schmelzen bewirkt der kristalline Volumenanteil die Erhöhung der effektiven Viskosität. Um die Auswirkungen des kristallinen Volumenanteils auf die Rissheilung zu ergründen, wurden Glasmatrixkomposite mit variierten inerten kristallinen Fülleranteilen, die während der Wärme-behandlung konstant blieben, hergestellt. Verwendet wurde ein kristallisationsträges Natrium-Calcium-Silicatglas und ZrO2 als inerter Füller. Komplexe, reproduzierbare Rissstrukturen wurden durch Vickers-Eindrücke erzeugt und die viskose Rissschließung während isothermer Wärmebehandlungs-schritte mittels Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie verfolgt. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass, verglichen zum füllerfreien Glas, der kristalline Phasenanteil die effektive Viskosität erhöht und dadurch großräumiges Fließen verlangsamt. Dies verzögert das Aufweiten der Risse. Dieser Effekt erschwert die Rissverkürzung und führt oftmals zu großen gerundeten Kavitäten und dadurch zu einer verzögerten Rissschließung. Wird dieses Aufweiten verringert, ist zunächst ein lokales viskoses Fließen der Restglasphase weiterhin gegeben, sodass sich die Risse sogar schneller schließen. Für kristalline Anteile > 27 Vol% bildet sich dann ein stabiles Perkolationsgerüst aus, das die weitere Rissschließung auch lokal unterbindet. Nur innerhalb größerer glasiger Bereiche ist hierbei noch eine Rissschließung zu beobachten. Ein Optimum der Risslängenverkürzung konnte bei 17 Vol% beobachtet werden. T2 - 94. Glastechnische Tagung CY - Online meeting DA - 10.05.2021 KW - Glas KW - Hochtemperaturbrennstoffzelle KW - Glasmatrixkomposit KW - Rissheilung PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54245 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bettge, Dirk T1 - MGA Round Robin Test on Al-AM Fatigue Testing - Fractographic Results N2 - Presentation of results of an investigation of fracture mechanisms and crack start sites of an additive manufactured aluminium alloy after fatigue testing. Collaboration within the MGA initiative (Mobility Goes Additive). T2 - MGA Mid Term Meeting 2022 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.07.2022 KW - Aluminium Alloy KW - Fractography KW - Additive Manufacturing PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55192 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Trappe, Volker T1 - Dynamic mechanical analysis of epoxy-matrix cross linking measured in-situ using an elastomer container N2 - A new patented dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is presented, where the tensile, bending- or torsional stiffness of a media can be characterized in-situ during the phase transition from liquid to solid. An epoxy system, e.g. Hexion L285/H287, is filled into an elastomer container, such as a silicone tube. This can be mounted into a conventional DMA and, based on a linear viscoelastic approach, the storage modulus (E’;G’), the loss modulus (E’’;G’’) and the loss angle tan(delta) can be measured at constant temperature as a function of time in order to investigate the liquid to sol-gel to solid transition. With this new method, the stiffness increase as a result of the cure process can be directly measured more precisely than with a rheometer in a shear plate set-up, because using an elastomer container gives a defined cross section for calculating the Young’s modulus. T2 - 20th European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM20 CY - Lausanne, Switzerland DA - 26.06.2022 KW - Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) KW - Thermoset polymers KW - Cure process KW - Cross linking PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55213 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Suárez Ocano, Patricia T1 - I n situ monitoring of growing oxidation of the chemically complex alloy AlMo 0.5 NbTa 0.5 TiZr in the high temperature regime using synchrotron radiation Preliminary results N2 - The chemically complex alloys (CCAs) that contain mostly refractory elements (rCCAs), may be highly resistant to heat and load, which makes them attractive candidates for use at extremely high temperatures associated with many technological applications, e.g. aeroengine turbines. However, the field of CCAs, especially their resistance in harsh (oxidative) and hot environment is still young and not much experimental evidence for the understanding mechanisms in this regime is available, which the proposed study addresses. For safe use in structural applications, in addition to their mechanical performance, the environmental resistance of this alloy is also critical. Surface degradation can significantly decrease the mechanical resistance during high temperature exposure, leading to premature failure. The AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr rCCA only contains Al as a protection candidate and it is composed of a coherent B2/bcc nanoscopic cube-on-cube interweave and an hexagonal phase. The evaluation of the oxidation process in the AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr rCCA in the heat-treated state has not been assessed yet. The proposed study focusses on a deeper understanding of the formation mechanism and growth kinetics of oxides at high temperature in the AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr rCCA using synchrotron radiation. Due to the envisaged high temperature structural applications, the alloy is evaluated in an oxidation environment specifically between 800°C and 1000°C. T2 - Large scale facility-based techniques SPP meeting CY - Online meeting DA - 02.11.2021 KW - Refractory chemically complex alloys KW - Oxidation behavior KW - Microstructural analysis KW - Synchrotron radiation PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54383 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra T1 - Bestimmung der Partikelgrößenverteilung mittels Zentrifugen-Sedimentationsverfahren nach ISO 13318-2 (Küvette) N2 - Im Vortrag werden das Messprinzip des Zentrifugen-Sedimentationsverfahrens erläutert und die Anforderungen der zugrundeliegenden Normen diskutiert. Es schließen sich umfangreiche Ausführungen zur praktischen Durchführung der Messung, insbesondere auch zu den vorbereitenden Arbeiten, sowie zur Auswertung der Rohdaten an. Gezeigt werden die Validierung sowie ein Beispiel zur regelmäßigen Verifizierung des Verfahrens. Nach Beispielen und Vergleichen zu Ergebnissen mit anderen Messverfahren, wird das Verfahren in einer Zusammenfassung bewertet. T2 - Seminar Rheologie und Stabilität von dispersen Systemen CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 09.05.2022 KW - Nano powder KW - Cetrifugal Liquid Sedimentation CLS KW - Particle size determination PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54863 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ghafafian, Carineh T1 - Fully-reversed fatigue behavior of scarf joint repairs for wind turbine blade shell applications N2 - Due to manufacturing imperfections which can propagate to damage under in-service loads, wind turbine rotor blades, made primarily of glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP), often fail significantly before their design life. To enable a quick and cost-effective return to service, localized repairs can be executed by technicians in the field, directly accessing the blades by suspended roping. Scarf joint repairs, shown to be highly efficient with a smooth load transition across angled joint walls and a restored aerodynamic profile, are the focus of this study. The damage mechanisms of these structures were examined under fully-reversed mechanical cyclic loading with a load ratio R = -1, which was made possible on the coupon scale by a custom designed anti-buckling support. The number of cycles to failure were compared across load levels. While the scarf joint ratio was held constant at 1:50, known from industry and literature to be a good compromise between restored mechanical properties and repair size, the layup sequence was varied between small-to-large and large-to-small. Hereby the effect of the presence of resin pockets and fiber orientation mismatch between the parent and repair structure on the failure mechanism as well as fatigue strength of ±45° GFRP scarf joint repair structures was studied. Strain development across the joint length was measured to assess stiffness degradation in addition to the fatigue strength recovery of scarf joint structures with respect to pristine reference specimens. Grayscale analysis was used to monitor the damage state leading to fracture across the specimens. Post-mortem fractography analysis with light microscopy described the global failure mechanisms as well as local damage distribution within the structure, all of which provided insight to critical variables in scarf joint GFRP structures under fully-reversed mechanical cyclic loading, allowing for the tailoring of such repairs on wind turbine blade shells for maximum restoration of service life. T2 - 20th European Conference on Composite Materials (ECCM20) CY - Lausanne, Switzerland DA - 26.06.2022 KW - Glass fiber reinforced polymers KW - Scarf repairs KW - Fatigue PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55638 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Sophie T1 - Oxidkeramische Werkstoffe und Folien für thermoelektrische Multilayergeneratoren N2 - Thermoelektrische Effekte beschreiben die direkte Verknüpfung von thermischer Energie und elektrischer Energie in Festkörpern. Durch Thermodiffusionsströme entsteht direkt, ohne beweg¬liche Teile, ein elektrisches Feld als Folge einer Temperaturdifferenz. Diese Material-eigenschaft wird durch den Seebeckkoeffizienten beschrieben. Je nach Art der Ladungs¬träger sind die indu¬zierte Spannung und der Seebeckkoeffizient positiv (p-Typ) oder negativ (n-Typ). Thermo¬elek¬trische Effekte lassen sich beispielsweise in Thermo¬elementen zur Temperatur-messung, in Pel¬tierelementen zum Kühlen oder Heizen und in thermo¬elektrischen Generatoren zur Umwandlung von thermischer Energie in elektrische Energie nutzen. In thermoelektrischen Generatoren werden Schenkel aus p-Typ- und n-Typ-Materialien elek-trisch in Reihe und thermisch parallel verschaltet. Konventionell werden einzelne Schenkel aus Bismut¬tellurid auf ein metallisiertes Substrat gelötet. Man spricht vom π-Typ-Design. Aufgrund auf¬wendiger Fertigung und nicht optimaler Flächennutzung stellt dieses Design nicht die best-mög¬liche Lösung dar. Neben Telluriden gibt es noch andere vielversprechende thermoelektrische Material¬systeme wie die oxidischen Thermoelektrika. Im Temperatur¬bereich oberhalb von 700 °C können oxidische thermoelektrische Materialien mit nichtoxidischen konkurrieren. Zudem sind sie oxidationsbeständig und können aus weniger toxischen und besser verfügbaren Rohstoffen her¬ge¬stellt werden. Da es sich um keramische Materialien handelt, können unter Nutzung der Multi¬layer¬technologie (auch Vielschicht- oder Mehrlagentechnik) Generatoren im Multilayer¬design hergestellt werden. Keramische Multi¬layer¬generatoren sind aufgrund der höheren Leis¬tungs¬dichte, der Möglichkeit der gezielten Texturierung und des hohen möglichen Auto¬mati¬sierungs¬grades des Herstellungs¬prozesses eine viel¬versprechende Alternative zu konven¬tionellen π-Typ-Generatoren. Alle Lagen werden in einem Schritt co-gesintert. Die beiden zum jetzigen Zeit¬punkt wohl viel¬versprechendsten oxi¬dischen Thermoelektrika sind Calcium-cobaltit Ca3Co4O9 als p-Typ und Calciummanganat CaMnO3 als n-Typ. Die Sinter¬tem¬peratur von Ca3Co4O9 ist durch eine Phasenumwandlung bei 926 °C beschränkt. Texturiertes, dichtes Ca3Co4O9 mit einer hohen Festigkeit kann nur über Hei߬pressen hergestellt werden. Das Co-Sintern von Ca3Co4O9 und CaMnO3 war wegen der Tem¬pera¬tur¬differenz von 350 K zwischen den jeweiligen Sinterintervallen bisher nicht möglich. Ziel dieser Arbeit war deshalb die Ent¬wick¬lung von kompatiblen oxidkeramischen Werkstoffen und Folien für thermoelektrische Multilayer-generatoren auf der Basis von Ca3Co4O9 und CaMnO3. Daraus resultieren vier wesentliche Arbeitspakete. Zunächst die Materialentwicklungen von Ca3Co4O9 (p-Typ) und CaMnO3 (n-Typ) für ein Co-Sintern bei 900 °C mit akzeptablen thermoelek¬trischen Eigenschaften, dann die Entwicklung der weiteren im Generator benötigten Kompo¬nenten wie der Isolationsschicht und abschließend die Fertigung und Bewertung von Demonstra¬toren im Multi¬layer¬design. Foliengießen und druckunterstütztes Sintern ermöglichen die Herstellung von dichtem, tex-turier¬tem Ca3Co4O9 mit hoher Festigkeit und hohem Leistungsfaktor. Letzterer ist das Produkt der elek¬trischen Leitfähigkeit und dem Quadrat des Seebeckkoeffizienten. Für die elektrische Leit¬fähigkeit zeigte sich in dieser Arbeit ein kombinierter Einfluss von Sinterdichte und Textur. Die thermo¬elektrischen Eigen¬schaften lassen sich somit über die Einstellung der Mikrostruktur gezielt steuern. Durch die Optimierung der Pulversynthese, die Einführung des Sinteradditives CuO und die Kombi¬nation mit dem druckunterstützten Sintern (7,5 MPa) konnte die Sintertemperatur des CaMnO3 bei gleichbleibendem Leistungsfaktor von 1250 °C auf 950 °C gesenkt werden. Druck-unter¬stütztes Sintern von CaMnO3 ist bei 900 °C möglich, führt aber zu einem Werkstoff mit geringerem Leistungsfaktor, geringerer Dichte und ungenügender Festigkeit. Zur elektrischen Isolation der beiden thermoelektrischen Materialien wurde ein Glas-Keramik-Kompo¬sit mit hohem Volumenwiderstand und angepasstem Wärmeausdehnungs¬koef¬fizienten ent¬wickelt. Aus den zu Folien vergossenen thermoelektrischen Materialien, der siebgedruckten Iso¬lations-schicht und der siebgedruckten Metallisierung wurden mittels Multilayertech¬nologie De¬mons-tratoren hergestellt. Neben dem pn-Generator aus Ca3Co4O9 und CaMnO3 wurden auch Unileg-generatoren aus Ca3Co4O9 gefertigt. Bei Unileggeneratoren wird die Komplexität des Aufbaus durch die Verwendung von nur einem thermoelektrischen Material verringert. Die Simulation der Demonstratoren zeigte, dass der pn-Generator aus Ca3Co4O9 und CaMnO3 keine höheren Leis-tungsdichten erbringt als der aus nur Ca3Co4O9 bestehende Unileg¬generator. Auf¬grund des ge-ringen Leistungsfaktors und der geringen Festigkeit des bei 900 °C gesinterten CaMnO3 er¬scheint die Fertigung von pn-Multilayer¬generatoren aus Ca3Co4O9 und CaMnO3 derzeit nicht sinn¬voll. Die Unileg¬generatoren aus Ca3Co4O9 erreichen mit sehr hoher Reproduzier¬barkeit 2 mW/cm² bei einer Temperaturdifferenz von 230 K, dies entspricht 80 % der simulierten elektrischen Leistung. Es handelt sich hierbei um den ersten Machbarkeits¬nachweis zur Herstellung von Multilayer-generatoren auf Basis von texturiertem Ca3Co4O9 mit hohem thermoelektrischem Leistungsfaktor, hoher Dichte und hoher Festigkeit. Solch thermoelektrische Multilayergeneratoren könnten zukünftig Systeme mit geringen elek-trischen Leistungsanforderungen wie Sensoren autark und nachhaltig mit elektrischer Energie ver¬sorgen. T2 - Promotionskolloquium CY - Bayreuth, Germany DA - 25.04.2022 KW - Calciumcobaltit KW - Calciummanganat KW - Foliengießen KW - Sintertemperatur PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54726 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Trappe, Volker T1 - Scarf-joint repairs under fatigue loading investigated for sandwich shell applications N2 - Wind turbine rotor blades are produced as aerodynamic, three-dimensionally formed sandwich shell structures using mainly glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP). The GFRP used today have the potential to withstand the harsh operating conditions of rotor blades over the projected service life of 20 years. Premature damages that occur can be traced primarily back to design and/or manufacturing imperfections, as well as unusually high load scenarios (for instance lightning strikes, or strong winds combined with system control errors). Therefore, rotor blades have to be repaired several times (on average 2-3 times) during their projected service life. Approximately 70% of these are repairs of small- to medium-sized sandwich shells, carried out by technicians directly accessing the blade by suspended roping at the wind turbine location. The goal is to execute repairs that will last over the remaining service life, i.e. be sustainable. Within the framework of a research project carried out at BAM, Division 5.3 Polymer Matrix Composites, Department 5 for Materials Engineering, not only was the geometric shape (round vs. square in relation to the top view) varied, but also the layup of the scarf repair structure, variables that have not been studied systematically to-date. Sub-component scale sandwich shell specimens with representative repairs were used in this work in addition to coupon-scale specimens that are more commonly seen in literature. These sub-component shell specimens were tested using a unique shell test bench under loading conditions representative of wind turbine blade shell operating conditions with respect to fatigue strength. Using non-destructive testing methods (field strain measurement and thermography), damage development and distribution was monitored and analyzed in-situ. As a result, a concept was developed in which the repaired areas showed at least equivalent if not higher fatigue strength than the reference shells that were not repaired. T2 - ICFC9 - The 9th International Conference on the Fatigue of Composites CY - Vicenza, Italy DA - 21.06.2023 KW - Repair of sandwich shell structures KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Wind turbine blades PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57929 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Kalinka, Gerhard A1 - Loose, Florian T1 - Carbon fibre composites exemplarily research at BAM N2 - Lightweighting as a cross-cutting technology contributes significantly to achieve the European Green Deal goals. Based on, but not limited to, advanced materials and production technologies, the demand for natural resources and CO2 emmissions are reduced by lightweighting during production, as well as use phase. Therefore, lightweighting is a crucial transformation technology assisting in decoupling economic growth from resource consumption. In this manner, lightweighting contributes significantly as a key technology of relevance for many industrial sectors such as energy, mobility, and infrastructure, towards resource efficiency, climate action and economic strength, as well as a resilient Europe. To strengthen international partnerships, addressing global issues of today at the edge of science with high performance lightweight material based on carbon fibers, an overview about the BAM expertise in carbon fiber reinforced materials is given. T2 - Meeting KCarbon CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.06.2023 KW - Lightweighting KW - Carbon Fibers KW - Recycling KW - Push-out Test KW - multi scale testing PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58094 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - PMD Workshop: Use and benefits of the PMDco N2 - This is an interactive workshop of the Plattform MaterialDigital (PMD) on Semantic Web technologies (SWT) where we delve into the world of ontology development and data structuring in the field of materials science and engineering (MSE). This workshop is designed to equip participants with essential skills in categorizing classes within ontologies, with a special emphasis on the PMD Core Ontology (PMDco). Discover the immense value of ontologies for MSE data reproducibility and reuse and harness the power of PMDco to foster your data management practices. In this workshop, you will explore the intricacies of class categorization when developing ontologies in the MSE domain. Through interactive discussions and hands-on exercises, you will learn effective techniques for structuring and organizing ontologies to enhance data retrieval and analysis. You will gain valuable insights into best practices and considerations for class categorization, aiming at optimal data organization and management within your MSE projects. One of the highlights of this workshop is the introduction to PMDco, a mid-level ontology in the field of MSE developed community-driven in the frame of the project PMD. Learn about PMDco, its underlying concepts, and its application in detail. Discover how PMDco provides a comprehensive framework for MSE data representation, enabling seamless integration and interoperability across different systems and platforms. In addition to exploring PMDco, this workshop will illustrate the benefits of data interoperability and SWT with respect to leveraging the full potential of MSE data. T2 - NFDI MatWerk Conference 2023 CY - Siegburg, Germany DA - 27.06.2023 KW - Workshop KW - Ontology KW - Plattform MaterialDigital KW - PMDco PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57802 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - Plattform MaterialDigital in DIN NA 062-01-42 AA N2 - In dieser Präsentation werden die letzten Entwicklungen in der Plattform MaterialDigital (PMD) im DIN Normenausschuss 062-01-42 AA zur Zug- und Duktilitätsprüfung für Metalle vorgestellt. Dabei werden hauptsächlich die Entwicklungen und Neustrukturierung der PMD Core Ontology (PMDco) sowie die entsprechende Anpassung der Zugversuchsontologie (Tensile Test Ontology - TTO) inklusive des Datenmappings adressiert. Für das Datenmapping wurde ein speziell im Zusammenhang mit der PMD erstellter Zugversuchsdatensatz verwendet, welcher frei verfügbar in einem online Zenodo Repository veröffentlicht ist. Weiterhin wird die Weiterentwicklung der Norm in Verbindung mit ihrer folgenden Revision hinsichtlich der Integration von Aspekten zur Digitalisierung in der Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik sowie der Verwendung von semantischen Technologien, wie unter anderem ontologischen Repräsentationen von Materialien und Prozessen, diskutiert. T2 - DIN NA 062-01-42 AA Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.06.2023 KW - Ontologie KW - Semantic Web Technologies KW - Normung KW - DIN KW - Plattform MaterialDigital KW - Zugversuch KW - Tensile Test KW - Materialcharakterisierung PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57803 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönauer-Kamin, D. T1 - Powder Aerosol deposited (PAD) calcium cobaltite as textured p type thermoelectric material N2 - Oxide thermoelectric semiconducting materials like p-type calcium cobaltite Ca3Co4O9 are investigated as oxidation- and temperature-resistant thermoelectric materials for thermoelectric generators (TEGs). To realize TEGs in planar film technology, the powder aerosol deposition (PAD) method is emerging recently. PAD is a method to obtain dense ceramic films directly from the synthesized starting powders without a subsequent high temperature step. In the present work, Ca3Co4O9 (CCO) powders are processed by PAD to ceramic films at room temperature. The thermoelectric properties of the films (film thickness 10 – 20 µm) are characterized from room temperature to 900°C. Additionally, the layer morphology and texture of the films will be investigated. As result, the Seebeck coefficient of the CCO-PAD film is comparable to pressed and sintered CCO-bulk materials during the 1st heating cycle to 900°C. The morphology of the films after the thermal treatment shows strong aligned crystallites resulting in a strong texture of the films. The electrical conductivity increases strongly during the 1st heating cycle to 900°C and stays almost constant afterwards. Compared to CCO-bulks, the films provide higher electrical conductivity which could be explained by the oriented crystal growth in-plane direction of the film. The relationship between thermoelectric properties and layer morphology as a function of thermal annealing parameters will be further investigated. T2 - KERAMIK 2023 / 98. DKG-Jahrestagung CY - Jena, Germany DA - 27.03.2023 KW - Layer depostion KW - Texture KW - Heat treatment PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57285 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Birkholz, H. A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd T1 - PMD Core Ontology: A Community Driven Mid-Level Ontology in the MSE Domain N2 - Knowledge representation in the materials science and engineering (MSE) domain is a vast and multi-faceted challenge: Overlap, ambiguity, and inconsistency in terminology are common. Invariant and variant knowledge are difficult to align cross-domain. Generic top-level semantic terminology often is too abstract, while MSE domain terminology often is too specific. In this presentation, an approach how to maintain a comprehensive and intuitive MSE-centric terminology composing a mid-level ontology–the PMD core ontology (PMDco)–via MSE community-based curation procedures is shown. The PMDco is designed in direct support of the FAIR principles to address immediate needs of the global experts community and their requirements. The illustrated findings show how the PMDco bridges semantic gaps between high-level, MSE-specific, and other science domain semantics, how the PMDco lowers development and integration thresholds, and how to fuel it from real-world data sources ranging from manually conducted experiments and simulations as well as continuously automated industrial applications. T2 - FEMS EUROMAT 2023 CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 03.09.2023 KW - Knowledge Representation KW - Semantic Interioerability KW - Mid-Level Ontology for MSE KW - FAIR Data Management PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58201 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lemiasheuski, Anton A1 - Bajer, Evgenia A1 - Oder, Gabriele A1 - Göbel, Artur A1 - Hesse, Rene A1 - Bettge, Dirk T1 - Development of an Automated 3D Metallography System (RASI) and its Application in Microstructure Analysis N2 - Many microstructural features exhibit non-trivial geometries, which can only be derived to a limited extent from two-dimensional images. E.g., graphite arrangements in lamellar gray cast iron have complex geometries, and the same is true for additively manufactured materials and three-dimensional conductive path structures. Some can be visualized using tomographic methods, but some cannot be due to weak contrast and/or lack of resolution when analyzing macroscopic objects. Classic metallography can help but must be expanded to the third dimension. The method of reconstructing three-dimensional structures from serial metallographic sections surely is not new. However, the effort required to manually assemble many individual sections into image stacks is very high and stands in the way of frequent application. For this reason, an automated, robot-supported 3D metallography system is being developed at BAM, which carries out the steps of repeated preparation and image acquisition on polished specimen. Preparation includes grinding, polishing and optionally etching of the polished surface. Image acquisition comprises autofocused light microscopic imaging at several magnification levels. The image stacks obtained are then pre-processed, segmented, and converted into 3D models, which in the result appear like microtomographic models, but with high resolution at large volume. Contrasting by classical chemical etching reveals structures that cannot be resolved using tomographic methods. The integration of further imaging and measuring methods into this system is underway. Some examples will be discussed in the presentation. T2 - Euromat 2023 CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 04.07.2023 KW - Metallography KW - 3D Reconstruction KW - Roboter KW - Automation KW - Microstructure PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58202 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - FAIR Data in Platform MaterialDigital (PMD) - Ontologies , Semantic Data Integration and Data Exchange N2 - Following the new paradigm of materials development, design, and optimization, digitalization is the main goal in materials sciences and engineering (MSE) which imposes a huge challenge. In this respect, the quality assurance of processes and output data as well as the interoperability between applications following FAIR principles are to be ensured. For storage, processing, and querying of data in contextualized form, Semantic Web technologies (SWT) are used since they allow for machine-actionable and human-readable knowledge representations needed for data management, retrieval, and (re)use. The project ‘platform MaterialDigital’ (PMD, https://materialdigital.de) aims to bring together and support interested parties from both industrial and academic sectors in a sustainable manner in solving digitalization tasks and implementing digital solutions. Therefore, the establishment of a virtual material data space and the systematization of the handling of hierarchical, process-dependent material data are focused. Core points to be dealt with are the development of agreements on data structures and interfaces implemented in distinct software tools and to offer users specific support in their projects. Furthermore, the platform contributes to a standardized description of data processing methods in materials research. In this respect, selected MSE methods are semantically represented which are supposed to serve as best practice examples with respect to knowledge representation and the creation of knowledge graphs used for material data. Accordingly, this presentation shows the efforts taken within the PMD project towards the digitalization in MSE such as the development of the mid-level PMD core ontology (PMDco, https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology). Furthermore, selected results of a PMD partner project use case addressing data and knowledge management from synthesis, production, and characterization of materials are shown. T2 - 1st VMAP User Meeting 2024 CY - Sankt Augustin, Germany DA - 14.02.2024 KW - Ontology KW - Semantic Web Technologies KW - Plattform MaterialDigital KW - Data Interoperability KW - Data Exchange KW - Data Structures PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59567 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weinel, Kristina T1 - Electron-beam induced particle synthesis: Phenomenological study of the physical mechanisms N2 - Several studies have shown that the electron beam (e-beam) can be used to create nanomaterials from microparticles in situ in a TEM. However, attempts to produce gold nanoparticles (NPs) on silicon oxide substrate remained to be accomplished. Here, we show that the production of gold NPs is possible by using the e-beam in a SEM, under a set of parameters. To understand the physical mechanisms leading to the gold NPs, the mechanisms of e-beam induced charging as well as e-beam induced heating of the MPs were discussed. Several hints point to heating as the driving mechanism. T2 - IFW Dresden, Seminar CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 06.12.2023 KW - Electron-beam-induced modification KW - Nanoparticle synthesis KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Driving physical mechanism KW - Negative charged microparticle KW - Temperature driven process PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59081 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - Hochwertige, verlässliche und FAIRe Daten erstellen: Von Ontologien und elektronischen Laborbüchern zu Datenmanagement und Wissenstransfer N2 - Das hochaktuelle Thema der Integration und Wiederverwendung von Wissen und Daten aus Herstellung, Bearbeitung und Charakterisierung von Materialien wird im Zuge der digitalen Transformation in der Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnologie in verschiedenen Projekten adressiert. Dabei stehen die Interoperabilität von nach FAIR-Prinzipien erstellten und veröffentlichten Daten und Anwendungen im Vordergrund. Zur Umsetzung eines komplexen Datenmanagements sowie der Digitalisierung im Bereich der Materialwissenschaften etablieren sich Ontologien zunehmend als belastbares Werkzeug. Sie ermöglichen sowohl menschenlesbare als auch maschinenverständliche und -interpretierbare Wissensrepräsentationen durch semantische Konzeptualisierungen. Im Rahmen des Projektes Plattform MaterialDigital (PMD, materialdigital.de) werden Ontologien verschiedener Ebenen entwickelt (verbindende mid-level sowie Domänen-Ontologien). Die PMD-Kernontologie (PMD Core Ontology - PMDco) ist eine Ontologie der mittleren Ebene), die Verbindungen zwischen spezifischeren MSE-Anwendungsontologien und domänenneutralen Konzepten herstellt, die in bereits etablierten Ontologien höherer Ebenen (top-level Ontology) verwendet werden. Sie stellt somit einen umfassenden Satz von durch Konsensbildung in der Gemeinschaft (geteiltes Vokabular) entstanden Bausteinen grundlegender Konzepte aus der Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik (MSE) dar. Das primäre Ziel des PMDco-Designs ist es, die Interoperabilität zwischen verschiedenen MSE-bezogenen und anderen Ontologien zu ermöglichen. Die PMDco dient als umfassend ausgelegte und erweiterbare semantische Zwischenschicht, die gemeinsame MSE-Konzepte durch semantisches Mapping auf andere Darstellungen vereinheitlicht, was sie zu einem effizienten Werkzeug zur Strukturierung von MSE-Wissen macht. In dieser Präsentation wird die Version 2.0 der PMDco vorgestellt. Weiterhin wird eine auf die PMDco bezogene normenkonforme ontologische Repräsentation zur Speicherung und Weiterverarbeitung von Zugversuchsdaten präsentiert, die in enger Zusammenarbeit mit Standardisierungsgremien erstellt wurde. Dies umfasst den Weg von der Entwicklung einer Ontologie nach Norm, der Konvertierung von Daten aus Standardtests in das interoperable RDF-Format bis hin zur Verbindung von Ontologie und Daten. Letztendlich können die entsprechenden Daten in einem Triple Store abgelegt und abgefragt werden. Auf Basis dieser Zugversuchsontologie wurde im Folgenden unter Verwendung eines elektronischen Laborbuches (electonic lab notebook – ELN) zur Datenaufnahme eine Praktikumsreihe von Universitätsstudierenden digitalisiert. Dadurch wurde eine vollständig digital integrierte Versuchsführung ermöglicht, die auf andere Versuchsreihen und Experimente übertragbar ist und ebenfalls vorgestellt werden soll. Neben einer erleichterten Aufnahme, Analyse und (Wieder-)Verwendbarkeit von Daten wird damit eine Sensibilisierung von Studierenden für Datenstrukturierung sowie semantische Technologien im Sinne der Aus- und Weiterbildung erreicht. T2 - DVM-Tagung Werkstoffprüfung CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 23.11.2023 KW - Ontologie KW - Semantic Web Technologies KW - Plattform MaterialDigital KW - PMDco KW - Zugversuchsontologie KW - Zugversuch KW - Elektronisches Laborbuch (ELN) PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59030 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weinel, Kristina T1 - Electron-beam-induced production of gold nanoparticles N2 - Several studies have shown that the electron beam (e-beam) can be used to create nanomaterials from microparticles in situ in a TEM. However, attempts to produce gold nanoparticles (NPs) on silicon oxide substrate remained to be accomplished. Here, we show that the production of gold NPs is possible by using the e-beam in a SEM, under a set of parameters. The NPs produced present a size gradient along the radial direction. A parameter study shows that the microparticles may: 1) flicker away without producing NPs, 2) fragment to form NPs and/or 3) react with the silicon oxide substrate, depending on the applied current. A hypothesis regarding the driving physical phenomena that lead the microparticles to fragment into NPs is discussed. Fabrication of gold NPs in the SEM provides a more cost-effective option as compared to the established method in the TEM. T2 - PhD Seminar CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.11.2023 KW - Electron-beam-induced modification KW - Gold nanoparticles KW - Fabrication method KW - Scanning electron microscope KW - Nano-assemblies PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59080 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd T1 - News from the working area - Semantic Interoperability N2 - This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments and the current status within the Semantic Interoperability work area, with a particular emphasis on the advancements related to the Platform MaterialDigital Core Ontology (PMDco). The presentation will delve into the collaborative and community-supported curation process that has been instrumental in shaping PMDco. Additionally, we will introduce the innovative Ontology Playground, showcasing its role in fostering experimentation and exploration within the realm of ontology development. T2 - MaterialDigital Vollversammlung CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 21.09.2023 KW - Semantic Representation KW - FAIR data management KW - Semantic Interoperability KW - Knowledge graph and ontologies KW - PMD Core Ontology KW - MaterialDigital PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58422 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Schmies, Lennart T1 - Die Fraktographische Online-Datenbank der AG Fraktographie – Entwicklungsstand und weitere Planung N2 - Vortrag zum aktuellen Stand der fraktographischen online-Datenbank. Darstellung des AGM/DVM Gemeinschaftsausschusses REM in der Materialforschung und seiner Arbeitsgruppen Fraktographie, EBSD und 2D/3D-Prüfung. Ziele und Inhalte der fraktographischen Datenbank, Aufruf zum Mitmachen. Durchführung von Vergleichsversuchen, Entwicklung einer fraktographischen Symbolik, Ringversuch, Vorhaben iFrakto mit Entwicklung einer KI-gestützten Bruchflächenanalyse. T2 - Metallographietagung 2023 CY - Leoben, Austria DA - 13.09.2023 KW - Fraktographie KW - Machine Learning KW - Datenbank PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58467 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Birkholz, Henk A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd T1 - Evolution of the PMD Core Ontology (PMDco) Towards ISO/IEC 21838-2:2021 Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) N2 - Knowledge representation in the materials science and engineering (MSE) domain is a vast and multi-faceted challenge: Overlap, ambiguity, and inconsistency in terminology are common. Invariant and variant knowledge are difficult to align cross-domain. Generic top-level semantic terminology often is too abstract, while MSE domain terminology often is too specific. In this presentation, an approach how to maintain a comprehensive and intuitive MSE-centric terminology composing a mid-level ontology–the PMD Core Ontology (PMDco)–via MSE community-based curation procedures is shown. The PMDco is designed in direct support of the FAIR principles to address immediate needs of the global experts community and their requirements. The illustrated findings show how the PMDco bridges semantic gaps between high-level, MSE-specific, and other science domain semantics, how the PMDco lowers development and integration thresholds, and how to fuel it from real-world data sources ranging from manually conducted experiments and simulations as well as continuously automated industrial applications. T2 - MSE Congress 2024 - Materials Science and Engineering CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 24.09.2024 KW - Ontology KW - Semantic Interoperability KW - Knowledge representation KW - FAIR Data Management KW - PMD Core Ontology PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61141 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eisenbart, Miriam T1 - Digitalization of a high-throughput alloy development process N2 - Digitalization is nowadays the central key in developing pharmaceutical products, but it also becomes increasingly important in computer aided material development. In this work it is presented how a collaborative ontology development for the alloy development process is approached and a workflow for chemical optimization of copper alloys is introduced. This is done by employing a combination of a high-throughput alloy development method [1] with the calculation of the corresponding phase compositions. The work presented here is part of the publicly funded project KupferDigital. The project is associated with the innovation platform MaterialDigital (PMD) and focusses on the digitalization of processes as well as knowledge representation along the life-cycle of copper and copper alloys. One part of this life cycle is the alloy development of copper alloys, in this case the alloy development employing a high throughput method based on diffusion couples. The alloy development process can be further broken down into several typical material processing steps such as casting, diffusion welding and annealing. As part of the copper life cycle, the constitution and the properties of an alloy play an important role for processes further down the road during product manufacturing and service life and are also crucial for the recycling properties of the alloy. It is therefore important to, on the one hand, communicate data concerning properties, process history and constitution to the following stations of the life cycle, on the other hand, it is also elementary for the material scientist to be aware of the recycling properties of the alloys constituents. This motivates sharing of data along the life cycle and the development of ontology based data spaces, where life-cycle information can be linked across all involved domains. As part of the alloy development process, it is presented how experimental data created at fem are shared using linked data and ontologies with an example based on the digital representation of the chemical composition of copper alloys further processed by CALculation of PHAse Diagrams (CALPHAD) at the Fraunhofer IWM. The calculation results are used to correlate measured hardness data with the equilibrium phases of the alloys. Selected Compositions are cast and heat treated and subjected to mechanical testing at BAM and the resulting mechanical property-data are again linked to the measured and simulated data from the alloy development process. T2 - MSE2024 CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 24.09.2024 KW - Digitalization KW - Alloy development PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61150 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Höhne, Patrick T1 - Optimized spray granules for dry pressing by means of slurry destabilization and ultrasonic atomization N2 - The homogeneous introduction of organic additives is a prerequisite for good processability of ceramic powders during dry pressing. The addition of organic additives by wet route via ceramic slurries offers advantages over dry processing. The organic content can be reduced and a more homogeneous distribution of the additives on the particle surface is achieved. In addition to the measurements of zeta potential and viscosity, sedimentation analysis by optical centrifugation was also tested and successfully used to characterize the ceramic slurries and accurately evaluate of the suitability of different types, amounts, and compositions of organic additives. Spray drying of well-stabilized slurries usually results in mostly hollow granules with a hard shell leading to sintered bodies with defects and reduced strength and density. By purposefully degrading the slurry stability after dispersion of the ceramic powder, the drying behavior of the granules in the spray drying process and thus the granule properties can be influenced. Destabilization of the slurry and thus partial flocculation was quantified by optical centrifugation. Spray drying of the destabilized alumina slurries resulted in "non-hollow" granules without the detrimental hard shell and thus improved granule properties. Further improvement of the granules was achieved by installing ultrasonic atomization in the spray dryer. A narrower granule size distribution was achieved, which had a positive effect on, among other things, the flowability of the granules. Specimens produced from this granules had fewer defects of smaller size, leading to better results for the density and strength of the sintered bodies. The observations made for alumina could be transferred to zirconia and as well to ZTA with 20 wt% zirconia. T2 - Ceramics in Europe 2022 CY - Krakau, Poland DA - 10.07.2022 KW - Ultrasound KW - Spray drying KW - Slurry PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56171 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Klinger, Christian T1 - Schadensanalyse an Fahrradkomponenten - Fraktographie, Ursachen, Prävention N2 - Komponenten von Fahrrädern werden im Betrieb vorwiegend schwingend beansprucht. Typische Werkstoffe sind Stahl, Aluminiumlegierungen, Messing, CFK und thermoplastische Kunststoffe. Da es sich, unabhängig von der Preiskategorie, um konstruktiven Leichtbau handelt, werden einige Bauteile betriebsfest mehr oder weniger weit oberhalb der Dauerfestigkeit ausgelegt. Die im normalen Betrieb auftretenden Schäden sind daher weit überwiegend Schwingbrüche. Andere Schadensmechanismen wie z.B. Korrosion spielen quantitativ eine untergeordnete Rolle. Schwingbrüche treten nach einer Periode unbemerkten Risswachstums oft ohne Vorwarnung und ohne makroskopische Verformung auf. Im Falle von sicherheitsrelevanten Komponenten wie Rahmen, Gabeln, Lenkern, Sattelstützen, Kurbelarmen oder Pedalen kann dies zu erheblichen Personenschäden führen, die den Wert des ursächlichen Bauteilschadens weit überschreiten. Über einen langjährigen Zeitraum wurden gebrochene Komponenten aus dem Alltag und aus Gerichtsverfahren analysiert. Das Hauptaugenmerk lag hierbei auf der fraktographischen Analyse, teilweise wurden die zu Grunde liegenden Schadensursachen ermittelt. Einflussfaktoren sind beispielsweise konstruktive Kerben an ungünstigen Stellen, aber auch Werkstoffwahl und Fertigungsqualität spielen eine Rolle. In den meisten Fällen wurde jedoch die konstruktive Lebensdauer überschritten. Diese wird praktisch nie mitgeteilt, und eine wiederkehrende Prüfung sicherheitsrelevanter Bauteile findet nicht statt. Im Sinne der Vermeidung von Schäden und Unfällen könnte darauf hingewirkt werden, für sicherheitsrelevante Komponenten Lebensdauern besser abzuschätzen und von der Laufleistung abhängige Sichtprüfungen zu empfehlen. T2 - DGM Tagung Werkstoffprüfung CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 26.10.2022 KW - Fraktographie KW - Fahrrad KW - Lebensdauer KW - Öffentliche Sicherheit KW - Schadensanalyse KW - Schadensprävention PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56122 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - Glas Digital Datengetriebener Workflow für die beschleunigte Entwicklung von Glas N2 - Der aktuelle Stand des Projektes GlasDigital wird in Kurzform präsentiert. T2 - PMD Vollversammlung CY - Online meeting DA - 17.03.2022 KW - Oxidglas KW - robotische Glasschmelzanlage KW - Ontologie KW - ML KW - Digitaler Zwilling KW - Bildanalyse PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56493 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hemmleb, M. T1 - Integrated topographic SEM imaging for software assisted fractography N2 - The aim of a fractographic investigation is the evaluation of macroscopic and microscopic fracture surface characteristics and, as a result, the determination of the fracture mechanism of a component from a failure case. The basis for such evaluations of fracture characteristics comes from actual comparative mechanical testing and from the literature. A fractographic analysis can be very complex and, in any case, requires considerable experience. Machine learning methods enables the quantitative determination of fracture characteristics and fracture mechanisms utilizing digitized expert knowledge [1]. Although the application of SE images provides promising results, additional information is required to obtain reliable solutions. As expected, BSE and 3D information helps to improve the classification (Fig. 1). But only a fast, widely integrated, and automated topography measurement can provide the required amount of referenced surface data for the application of machine learning methods. To fulfil these requirements, topographical data are obtained from a BSE detector with four symmetric segments (4Q-BSE) using shape-from-shading technology [2]. Surface height calculation is performed live during image acquisition and provides immediate feedback in three dimensions. All available signals (SE, BSE and more if applicable) are recorded simultaneously together with the surface topography and stored in a multichannel data file. This guaranties the same geometrical reference for all data, which is required for further analysis (Fig. 2). When applying machine learning methods to topographic data together with SEM images, topographic information must be provided as depth image. Consequently, a unique height scale is required for all applied data with different magnifications. This requires a calibrated height measurement, which is ensured with the integrated 3D calibration of the topographic acquisition and a dedicated calibration sample. Thus, a large number of data sets from different fracture samples was generated and used as training data for machine learning. T2 - 16th Multinational Congress on Microscopy CY - Brno, Czech Republic DA - 04.09.2022 KW - Fractography KW - Machine Learning KW - Topography PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55937 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmies, Lennart T1 - Using Machine Learning and Topographic SEM Imaging for Software Assisted Fractography N2 - The aim of a fractographic investigation is the evaluation of macroscopic and microscopic fracture surface characteristics and, as a result, the determination of the fracture mechanism of a component from a failure case. The basis for such evaluations of fracture characteristics comes from actual comparative mechanical testing and from the literature. A fractographic analysis can be very complex and, in any case, requires considerable experience. In the IGF project "iFrakto", software is being developed that quantitatively determines fracture characteristics and fracture mechanisms utilizing digitized expert knowledge, machine learning, and standard 2D and topographical data from SEM imaging. Topographical data are obtained from 4QBSE detector using shape-from-shading technology. In the medium term, a software tool should provide knowledge-based suggestions for the evaluation of fracture surfaces in real time during SEM work or at subsequent evaluation. As a basis for this, round robins were carried out among fractographers in order to create a knowledge base, to query the practice-relevant requirements for such tools and to carry out first practical tests. Actual results are presented and the relevance of the evaluation strategy is evaluated. T2 - Material Science and Engineering 2022 CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 27.9.2022 KW - Fractography KW - Machine Learning KW - Topography PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55938 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sonntag, U. T1 - Softwaregestützte Bestimmung von Bruchmechanismen und Bruchflächenmerkmalen mittels Machine Learning und Topographie-Informationen N2 - Ziel von fraktographischen Untersuchungen ist die Auswertung von makroskopischen und mikroskopischen Bruchflächenmerkmalen und daraus resultierend die Bestimmung des Bruchmechanismus eines Bauteils aus einem Schadensfall. Die Grundlage für die Bewertung von Bruchmerkmalen stammt dabei aus zuvor durchgeführten eigenen Vergleichsversuchen und aus der Literatur. Eine fraktographische Analyse kann sehr aufwändig sein und setzt in jedem Fall erhebliches Erfahrungswissen voraus. Im IGF-Vorhaben „iFrakto“ wird Software entwickelt, die auf Basis von digitalisiertem Expertenwissen, Machine Learning und unter Zuhilfenahme von Topographie-Daten anhand von REM-Aufnahmen Bruchmerkmale und Bruchmechanismen quantitativ bestimmt, s. Abbildung. Solche Software soll mittelfristig direkt am REM oder bei der nachfolgenden Auswertung wissensbasierte Vorschläge für die Bewertung von Bruchflächen liefern. Als Grundlage hierfür wurden Ringversuche unter Fraktograph/inn/en durchgeführt, um die Wissensbasis zu schaffen, die praxisrelevanten Anforderungen an solche Software abzufragen und erste Praxistests durchzuführen. Die bisherigen Ergebnisse werden vorgestellt und die Relevanz der Auswertestrategie und unterschiedlicher Sensordaten bewertet. T2 - 56. Metallographie-Tagung CY - Saarbrücken, Germany DA - 21.9.2022 KW - Fraktographie KW - Machine Learning KW - Topographie PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55939 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meyer, Lena T1 - Additive Fertigung unter Mikrogravitationsbedingungen für Anwendungen im Weltraum N2 - Präsentation der Aktivitäten an der BAM im Bereich Additive Fertigung unter Mikrogravitationsbedingungen für Anwendungen im Weltraum beim Arbeitsgruppentreffen der AG Werkstoffe & Prozesse vom Netzwerk Space2Motion. T2 - Arbeitsgruppentreffen beim Netzwerk Space2Motion CY - Online meeting DA - 09.11.2022 KW - Additive Fertigung KW - Mikrogravitation PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56353 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Loose, Florian T1 - CFK-Recycling N2 - Obwohl der Leichtbau mit carbonfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen (CFK) einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz und zur Ressourceneffizienz liefert, stellt der wachsende Abfallstrom von aktuell 62 kt/a eine große Herausforderung dar. Weil die Produktion von Carbonfasern (CF) überwiegend auf fossilen Rohstoffen basiert und sehr energieintensiv ist, werden nachhaltige Recyclinglösungen dringend benötigt. Hier wird ein Überblick über aktuelle Recyclingprozesse gegeben und deren Limitierungen diskutiert. Darüber hinaus wird eine Möglichkeit zur sicheren chemischen Nutzung von CF-haltigen Reststoffen aufgezeigt, die nicht zur Wiederverwertung geeignet sind. Das Projekt CF Pyro untersucht deren Einsatz als Sekundärrohstoff in der Pyrometallurgie und setzt besondere Schwerpunkte bei der Reaktivität von CF, der Prozessstabilität und der Vermeidung von Emissionen gesundheitsschädlicher WHO-Fasern. Abschließend wird eine, auf den experimentellen Ergebnissen und im Dialog mit Expertinnen und Experten aus Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Politik entwickelten, Technologiebewertung vorgestellt. T2 - 4. Netzwerktreffen Leichtbau Berlin-Brandenburg CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 01.10.2024 KW - Cabonfasern KW - Recycling PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61279 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - Digital Transformation in Materials Science through Semantic Technologies and Knowledge Graphs N2 - The field of materials science is undergoing a transformative shift driven by digitalization. In this respect, semantic and AI technologies are paving the way for advancements in materials development, design, and optimization while leaping towards an Industry 4.0 environment. Addressing the dual challenges of quality assurance and data interoperability, this presentation examines the integration of semantic technologies and knowledge representation methods. By adhering to FAIR principles, this approach enhances data management, storage, and reuse. That way, both machine-actionable and human-understandable data structures crucial for digital research environments are fostered. This presentation focuses on the ‘platform MaterialDigital’ (PMD) initiative, which aims to support efforts from both industrial and academic sectors to solve digitalization challenges and implement sustainable digital solutions. Besides establishing structures to create virtual material data spaces, PMD develops solutions for systematizing and unifying the handling of hierarchical, process-dependent material data. Semantic technologies play a crucial role in digitalization efforts as they enable the storage, processing, and querying of data in a contextualized form. Therefore, the development and prototypical application of the PMD Core Ontology 3.0 (PMDco 3.0) tailored for materials science is highlighted. This includes the design and documentation of graph patterns that may be compiled into rule-based semantic shapes. Its integration into daily lab life is demonstrated through its application to electronic lab notebooks (ELN). This illustrates potentials of standardized protocols and automation-ready solutions for managing diverse experimental data across different sources. Outlining best practices and illustrating the possibilities that semantic technologies bring to modern labs, examples from materials processing and mechanical testing will underscore how knowledge graphs bridge the gap between data and decision-making in materials science, with potential for increased productivity and streamlined workflows across the field. T2 - Materials Week 2025 CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 03.04.2025 KW - Semantic Data KW - Data Integration KW - Digitalization KW - Data Interoperability KW - PMD Core Ontology PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62866 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Trappe, Volker T1 - Betriebsfestigkeit von Struktur-Klebungen im Anwendungsgebiet der CS22 N2 - Moderne Segelflugzeuge sind voll-verklebte tragende FKV-Strukturen. Über die Schwingfestigkeit der Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunde (FKV) und die Lebensdauerabschätzung dieser Werkstoffklasse auf Basis verschiedener Lastspektren wurden insbesondere von Christoph Kensche verschiedenen Arbeiten durchgeführt und auch auf dem Symposium für Segelflugzeugentwicklung vorgestellt. Hingegen ist die Betriebsfestigkeit von Struktur-Klebungen im Anwendungsbereich der CS22 vergleichsweise wenig untersucht worden. Über die Jahre wurden in verschiedenen Projekten immer wieder Probleme in Struktur-Klebungen (u.a. Betriebsbelastungsversuche an Versuchs-Holmen) identifiziert, analysiert und spezielle Prüfverfahren weiter entwickelt (Projekt „Tragflügel neuer Technologie für die allgemeine Luftfahrt“, FK SIF765). Im Rahmen des LuFo-Vorhabens GeAviBoo (General Aviation Booster) wurde in zwei Arbeitspaketen das Thema erneut aufgegriffen und Betriebsbelastungsversuche an Klebproben durchgeführt. Im Rahmen des Vortrages werden die Erkenntnisse der letzten 10 Jahre aufbereitet und die neusten Ergebnisse vorgestellt. T2 - Symposium für Segelflugzeugentwicklung CY - Online meeting DA - 19.11.2020 KW - Polymer Matrix Composites KW - Betriebsfestigkeit KW - Klebung KW - General Aviation PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51861 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Werner, Tiago T1 - Short fatigue crack propagation in L-PBF 316L stainless steel N2 - Fracture mechanics is a key to fatigue assessment in AM metal components. Short fatigue cracks are initiated at defects and pronounced surface roughness intrinsic to AM. The subsequent crack-propagation is strongly influenced by microstructural interactions and the build-up of crack-closure. The aim of the present study is to give an insight into short-crack propagation in AM-metals. Fatigue crack propagation resistance curves were determined experimentally for AISI 316L manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) which was heat treated at three different temperatures. Differences in the build-up of the fatigue-crack propagation threshold in between the L-PBF specimens and compared to wrought material are due to the residual stress states, a pronounced roughness of the crack-faces in the L-PBF specimens and phase transformation in the vicinity of the crack-tip, resulting in increased crack-closure. This, together with crack-branching found along the crack path, enhances the resistance to the propagation of fatigue cracks. T2 - ASTM International Conference on Additive Manufacturing 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 16.11.2020 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Cyclic R-Curve KW - Component assessment KW - L-PBF KW - 316L KW - Residual Stress KW - Fatigue Crack Growth PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51585 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra T1 - Praktische Erfahrungen zur Granulometrie von Pulvern im Submikron- und Nanobereich N2 - Der Vortrag beleuchtet insbesondere die Herausforderungen die sich bei der Dispergierung der Nanopulver aufgrund der hohen Adhäsivkräfte ergeben. Die Bewertung der Probenpräparation ist nur indirekt zugänglich, aber essentiell für die Zuverlässigkeit der Messergebnisse. Anhand von Beispielen werden Lösungsvorschläge aufgezeigt. Der Vortrag schließt mit einem Vorschlag zur Strategie der Herangehensweise bei der Partikelgrößenbestimmung von Nanopulvern. T2 - Sitzung des Fachausschusses "Material- und Prozessdiagnostik" der Deutschen Keramischen Gesellschaft: Zuverlässige granulometrische Charakterisierung von Mikro- und Nanopulvern – Voraussetzung für optimierte Keramikwerkstoffe in der Energietechnik CY - Online meeting DA - 19.11.2020 KW - Nano-powder KW - particle size determination KW - dispersion KW - sample preparation PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51665 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa T1 - Licht- und Elektronenoptische 3D-Verfahren zur Analyse von Bruchflächen N2 - Die Analyse von Bruchflächen wird in der Schadensanalyse meist auf der Basis von Erfahrungswissen vorgenommen, welches aus vorliegenden Untersuchungen, eigenen Vergleichsversuchen und aus der Literatur stammt. Durch Vergleiche mit bereits vorliegenden Bildern werden qualitativ Bruchmechanismen ermittelt. Grundlage sind zumeist zweidimensionale Bilder aus licht- und elekt-ronenoptischen Verfahren. Quantitative Aussagen beziehen sich bislang beispielsweise auf makroskopische Anteile von Bruchmechanismen oder die Ausmessung von Schwingstreifen. In jüngerer Zeit gibt es vermehrt Ansätze, Computer-Algorithmen einzusetzen, die in der Lage sind, unterschiedlich strukturierte Bruchmerkmale zu finden und zu klassifizieren. Im hier vorgestellten IGF-Vorhaben „iFrakto“, IGF Vorhaben Nr.: 21477 N, werden licht- und elektronenoptisch Topographie-Bilder erzeugt und die gewonnenen 3D-Informationen zusammen mit den klassischen 2D-Bildern ausgewertet. T2 - Treffen der AG Fraktographie im Gemeinschaftsausschuss Rasterelektronenmikroskopie in der Materialprüfung CY - Online meeting DA - 19.11.2021 KW - 3D REM KW - Fraktographie KW - Bruchflächen PY - 2021 UR - https://dgm.inventum.de/widget/preview/45d8c33d-622b-43e2-8459-ba783394a723/611d133ebdac0611d133ebdac1 AN - OPUS4-53800 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stephan-Scherb, Christiane T1 - Novel insights into high temperature corrosion phenomena by advanced X-ray methods N2 - A variety of materials of technological interest change their properties through contact with reactive media. Solid-gas reactions lead to a variety of reaction products on the surfaces and internal interfaces. The observation of nucleation and growth processes in the environment where they occur (in situ) from a chemical-structural perspective is especially challenging for aggressive atmospheres. The talk presents innovative approaches to study corrosion mechanisms using advanced X-ray methods. Using energy dispersive X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy in different tailor made environmental reaction chambers, valuable insights into high temperature oxidation and sulfidation processes were gained. Fe-based alloys were exposed to hot and reactive atmospheres containing gases like SO2, H2O and O2 at 650°C. During the gas exposure the tailor made reaction chambers were connected to a high energy diffraction end station at the synchrotron. The crystallization and growth of oxide and sulfide reaction products at the alloy surfaces were monitored by collecting full diffraction pattern every minute. Careful examination of shape and intensity of phase-specific reflections enabled to a detailed view on growth kinetics. These studies showed, oxides are the first phases occurring immediately after experimental start. As soon as reactive gas media enter the chamber, the conditions change and different reaction products, such as sulfides start to grow. A comparison of different gas environments applied, illustrated the differences in the type of reaction products. The in situ observation of high temperature material degradation by corrosion made it possible to study the contribution of phases, which are not stable at room temperature. For instance, wuestite (Fe1-xO), was frequently observed at high temperatures in humid gases on Fe with 2 wt.% and 9 wt.% chromium, but not at room temperature. The strength of the occurrence of this phase additionally explains why, despite a higher Cr content, ferritic alloys with 9 wt.% Cr in a challenging atmosphere prevent the intrinsic formation of protective layers. The in situ observations were supplemented by careful considerations of thermodynamic boundary conditions and detailed post characterization by classical metallographic analysis. Additionally, the structure and chemistry of the dominant oxide layers were evaluated using X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. The talk will give an overview about chances and challenges for studying high temperature corrosion phenomena by advanced X-ray methods. T2 - MRS Spring Meeting CT08.02.01 CY - Online Meeting DA - 18.04.2021 KW - XRD KW - Spectroscopy KW - Corrosion KW - High temperature KW - In-situ PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52486 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra T1 - Sample Preparation of Nano-Powders for Particle Size Determination N2 - The use of increasingly finer starting powders up to nanopowders can also be observed in the field of ceramics. Their advantages consist, for example, in their lower activation energy, an increase in strength or unique optical properties. However, handling and characterization of the powders are much more difficult. The main reason for this is the very high adhesive forces between the particles and between particles and other surfaces, too. Therefore, submicron and even more so nanoparticles tend to agglomerate and their separation into primary particles during sample preparation prior to particle sizing is of particular challenge. A representative measurement sample is only obtained when it no longer contains agglomerates. The evaluation of the dispersion process and a decision on whether it was successful thus increases in importance for the reliability of the measurement results of particle sizing. The presentation uses examples to show possible approaches and provides information on possible sources of error. It is shown that successful granulometric characterisation of fine powders requires both an improved dispersion technique and very often an effective combination of two or more measurement methods. T2 - 96. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Keramischen Gesellschaft CY - Online Meeting DA - 19.04.2021 KW - Agglomerates KW - Nano-powder KW - Dispersion process PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52503 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schulz, Wencke T1 - High temperature corrosion of high (HEA) and medium (MEA) entropy alloys N2 - The high-temperature corrosion behavior of the medium-entropy alloy Cr33Co33Ni33 (MEA) and the high-entropy alloy Fe20Cr20Co20Ni20Mn20 (HEA) in a mixed gas atmosphere of 10% H2O-2% O2 -0.5% SO2 + Ar as carrier gas [Vol.%] at 800 °C with duration times of t = 24h, 48h and 96h was investigated. Both alloys have a single-phase fcc microstructure. The oxidation kinetics of the HEA-CrMnFeCoNi roughly followed a linear rate law and a slow oxide growth was observable for the MEA-CrCoNi. The scale thickness of the corrosion layer in the quinary alloy increased with exposure time, while the scale thickness in the ternary alloy remained constant at around 1 µm. The MEA-CrCoNi developed a protective Cr2O3 layer with minor buckled parts. Co,Ni-chromite (Co,Ni)Cr2O4 was detected by XRD in minor amounts. The scale on HEA-CrMnFeCoNi displayed a triplex structure of a thin, continuous, inner Cr2O3 layer, a dense, intermediate Mn3O4 layer, and a thick, outer, porous layer consisting of Mn3O4 and MnSO4. Sulphides were only identified in the matrix of HEA-CrMnFeCoNi. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations with FactSage (Log(S2) vs. Log(O2), ΔG of reactions) are in good agreement with these observations. The intense diffusion of Cr in the ternary alloy leads to an immediate formation of a protective Cr2O3 layer. The fast diffusion of Mn through the bulk HEA material and through the formed Cr2O3 layer compared to the other alloying elements is considered as the rate-limiting process. T2 - DMG Sektionstreffen Angewandte Mineralogie und Kristallographie CY - Online meeting DA - 25.02.2021 KW - Cr2O3 KW - High-Temperature Corrosion KW - HEA KW - MEA PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52164 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Trappe, Volker T1 - Current and future technological advancement in polymer matrix composites enabled through fundamental discoveries N2 - This presentation is a summary of the work from the past 20 years’ development of PMC-testing at the BAM-FB 5.3 with respect to safety-relevant design of advanced light weight structures in aircraft, wind turbine and automotive applications. The talk begins with wood as an example from nature, and emphasizes that load case, fiber architectural design and the production process and quality have to go hand in hand to generate an advanced light weight structure. Since PMC-relevant basic findings of mankind span across hundreds of years, high-performance composite applications today are based more on long term experiences than on breakthrough inventions of modern days. In the second part of the talk, future plans and projects of FB-5.3 are presented, specifically addressing H2-safety, circular economy, recycling by design and digitalization of PMC-technologies. T2 - Abteilungsseminar CY - Online meeting DA - 07.09.2021 KW - Polymer Matrix Composites KW - Thermo mechanical fatigue PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54150 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Trappe, Volker T1 - Beschreibung des Ermüdungsverhaltens von Endlos-Faserverstärkten-Kunststoff-Verbunden mit Hilfe mikromechanischer Modelle N2 - Im Rahmen des Vortrags werden die neusten Ergebnisse aus dem Fachbereich 5.3 zur Beschreibung des Ermüdungsverhaltens von FKV mittels Mikromechanischer-Modelle präsentiert. Explizit wird der theoretische Ansatz am Beispiel von GFK unter thermomechanischer Beanspruchung hergeleitet und an Hand von Versuchsergebnissen verifiziert. T2 - Webkonferenz Composites United, Composite Fatigue CY - Online meeting DA - 30.09.2021 KW - Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunde KW - thermomechanische Beanspruchung KW - Materialmodell PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54151 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra T1 - Bestimmung der Partikelgrößen-verteilung mittels Zentrifugen-Sedimentationsverfahren nach ISO 13318-2 (Küvette) N2 - Im Vortrag werden das Messprinzip einer Photozentrifuge erläutert und die Anforderungen der zugrundeliegenden Normen diskutiert. Die praktische Durchführung der Messung und insbesondere auch die vorbereitenden Arbeiten, sowie die Auswertung der Rohdaten bilden den Schwerpunkt des Vortrags. Gezeigt werden auch die Validierung sowie ein Beispiel zur regelmäßigen Verifizierung des Verfahrens. Nach Anwendungsbeispielen und Vergleichen zu Ergebnissen mit anderen Messverfahren, wird das Verfahren in einer Zusammenfassung bewertet. T2 - Seminar Rheologie und Stabilität von dispersen Systemen CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 08.05.2023 KW - CLS KW - Particle size KW - Nano PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57679 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Botsch, B T1 - Classification of fracture surface types based on SEM images N2 - The following work deals with the quantitative fracture surface evaluation in damage analysis. So far, fracture surfaces have almost exclusively been evaluated qualitatively, i.e. the presence of fracture features is documented and their surface proportions are estimated, if necessary. Many years of experience are required, as well as an intensive comparison with defined comparative images from the literature. The aim of this work is the development of classifiers which can recognize fracture mechanisms or fracture features in scanning electron microscope images (SEM). The basis is 46 SEM images, which have been evaluated by fractography experts with regard to fracture features. The existing data set of images is expanded using augmentation methods in order to increase the variability of the data and counteract overfitting. Only convolutional neural networks (CNN) are used to create the classifiers. Various network configurations are tested, with the SegNet achieving the best results. T2 - Materialsweek 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 07.09.2021 KW - Fractography KW - Fracture surface KW - Deep learning KW - SEM PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53418 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jentzsch, Stefan T1 - Numerical and experimental investigations on metal shear band formation at high strain rates with a Hopkinson bar setup N2 - The essence of dynamic failure is closely linked to the formation of adiabatic shear bands (ASB), which result from the localization of shear strain under high deformation speeds accompanied by a rapid temperature increase. Understanding this phenomenon is crucial in view of safety issues when impacts of fast rotating machine components (i.e. aircraft turbine blades) may occur. Our contribution addresses both the experimental evidence and characterization of ASBs due to high-speed impact tests at the Split HOPKINSON pressure bar (SHPB) setup and the finite element analysis to determine the parameters of the underlying constitutive model, which is closely related to JOHNSON-COOK (JC) material model. Experimental investigations were performed on notched shear specimens made of the fine -grained structural steel S690QL and the displacements in the regions affected by shear localization were measured with subset-based local Digital Image Correlation (DIC). The displacement fields, obtained in the SHPB tests, were considered as an objective to validate and to identify the constitutive parameters with. The JC model could reasonably reproduce the displacement distribution. In order to overcome the issues with mesh dependency we provide a nonlocal extension based on the implicit gradient model approach. T2 - GAMM Annual Meeting 2023 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 30.05.2023 KW - Gradient-enhanced damage KW - Adiabatic shear bands KW - Split Hopkinson bar KW - Digital image correlation KW - Viscoplasticity KW - Finite element analysis PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57827 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruns, Sebastian T1 - Digitalizing a lab course for undergraduate students: ELN, ontology, data management N2 - We report about a joint project aiming at the digitalization of a lab course in materials testing. The undergraduate students were asked to prepare samples of a precipitation hardened aluminum alloy and characterize them using hardness and tensile tests. In a first step, we developed the frames for the digital labor notebook using eLabFTW. The primary data and the relevant metadata of each run were saved in a central database and made available for analysis and report issues. The whole set of results produced in a course was made available in the database. This database can be improved and serve as an open repository for data on this specific alloy. The logical frame for the joint project was provided by the PMD Core Ontology (PMDco), a mid-level ontology that enables the representation and description of processes and process chains in an MSE-specific manner, ensuring full traceability of generated data. For the digitalization of this lab course, the tensile test ontology (TTO) was applied which is designed as a module of the PMDco using strongly related semantic concepts. T2 - FEMS EUROMAT 2023 CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 03.09.2023 KW - Electronic Lab Notebook KW - FAIR data management KW - Digtial Representation KW - Knowledge graph and ontologies PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58207 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lindemann, Franziska T1 - Bestimmung der spezifischen Oberfläche mittels Gasadsorption (BET-Verfahren) N2 - Im Rahmen des 2. BAM-Akademie Info-Tages "Nano or not Nano" wurde die OECD TG 124 "Volume Specific Surface Area of Manufactured Nanomaterials" vorgestellt. Der Vortrag beschreibt die Bestimmung der spezifischen Oberfläche von dispersen und/oder porösen Pulvern mittels Gasadsorption nach dem BET-Verfahren. Es wird auf die Anwendbarkeit der Methode eingegangen und es werden praktische Hinweise zur Probenvorbereitung und Messung von Nanomaterialien gegeben. T2 - BAM Akademie II: Info-Tage "Nano or not Nano" CY - Online meeting DA - 25.01.2024 KW - OECD TG 124 KW - Nanopulver KW - VSSA KW - Nano powder KW - BET KW - Spezifische Oberfläche PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59623 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kalinka, Gerhard T1 - Testing the fibre matrix interface of short glass fibre reinforced PMCs with using the push out technique N2 - With this presentation, the push-out technique is explained. The focus of the experimental work is on the characterization of the fiber-matrix interface of short fiber reinforced composites. The reinforcing component was glass fibers and the matrix polymer was PA6.6 and PPA. It is demonstrated for the first time that the push-out technique ca be applied on injection molded short fiber PMC and is sensitive to the mechanical interface properties. Further studies are planned on the influence of multiple processing, the temperature and humidity. T2 - Composirtes United Workshop „Fiber Matrix Interphases“ CY - Online meeting DA - 09.11.2023 KW - Polymer Matrix Composite KW - Glass Fibres KW - PA6.6 KW - PPA KW - Push-out Test KW - Interface Strength PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59053 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra T1 - Bestimmung der Skelettdichte mittels Gaspyknometrie N2 - Im Rahmen des 2. BAM-Akademie Info-Tages "Nano or not Nano" wurde die OECD TG 124 "Volume Specific Surface Area of Manufactured Nanomaterials" vorgestellt. Der Vortrag beschreibt detailliert das Messverfahren der He-Gaspyknometrie zur Bestimmung der Skelettdichte von Pulvern und geht auf Anwendbarkeit, Besonderheiten bei Nanopulvern und wichtige Einstellparameter für die Messung ein. T2 - BAM Akademie II: Info-Tage "Nano or not Nano" CY - Online meeting DA - 25.01.2024 KW - Pycnometry KW - Density KW - Nano powder PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59561 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -