TY - CONF A1 - Suárez Ocano, Patricia A1 - Ávila Calderón, Luis A. A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Effect of heat treatment on the hierarchical microstructure and properties of 316L stainless steel produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M). N2 - Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) of AISI 316L stainless steel has gained popularity due to its exceptional capacity to produce complex geometries and hierarchical microstructures, which can increase the yield strength while maintaining good ductility. Nevertheless, owing to high thermal gradients encountered during the process, the as printed 316L stainless steel often exhibit microstructural heterogeneities and residual stresses, which can limit its performance in demanding environments. Hence, employing heat treatments which balance the reduction of residual stresses while retaining improved static strength may be beneficial in various scenarios and applications. This study investigates the impact of post-processing heat treatments on the microstructure of 316L stainless steel manufactured via PBF-LB/M, along with its correlation with micro-hardness properties. To this end, 6 different heat treatments, i.e., 450 °C for 4h, 700 °C for 1h, 700 °C for 3h, 800 °C for 1h, 800 °C for 3h, and 900 °C for 1h, were applied to different specimens and Vickers hardness measurements (HV1) were performed in all states. At 800 °C, although the cellular structure appears to be retained, there is an observable increase in cellular size. However, while treatments exceeding 900 °C indicate no significant grain growth compared to other conditions, the cellular structure is entirely dissolved, which leads to a reduced Vickers hardness. The effect of the heat treatments on other microstructural features such as grain size and morphology, melt pool boundaries (MPB), crystallographic texture, chemical segregation, dispersoids and phase stability are also discussed in the present work T2 - 4th Symposium on Materials and Additive Manufacturing CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.06.2024 KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Heat treatment KW - Microstructure PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60304 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sonntag, Nadja A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Stegemann, Robert A1 - Löwe, Peter A1 - Kreutzbruck, M. T1 - The role of surface topography on deformation-induced magnetization under inhomogeneous elastic-plastic deformation N2 - It is widely accepted that the magnetic state of a ferromagnetic material may be irreversibly altered by mechanical loading due to magnetoelastic effects. A novel standardized nondestructive testing (NDT) technique uses weak magnetic stray fields, which are assumed to arise from inhomogeneous deformation, for structural health monitoring (i.e., for detection and assessment of damage). However, the mechanical and microstructural complexity of damage has hitherto only been insufficiently considered. The aim of this study is to discuss the phenomenon of inhomogeneous “self-magnetization” of a polycrystalline ferromagnetic material under inhomogeneous deformation experimentally and with stronger material-mechanical focus. To this end, notched specimens were elastically and plastically deformed. Surface magnetic states were measured by a three-axis giant magnetoresistant (GMR) sensor and were compared with strain field (digital image correlation) and optical topography measurements. It is demonstrated that the stray fields do not solely form due to magnetoelastic effects. Instead, inhomogeneous plastic deformation causes topography, which is one of the main origins for the magnetic stray field formation. Additionally, if not considered, topography may falsify the magnetic signals due to variable lift-off values. The correlation of magnetic vector components with mechanical tensors, particularly for multiaxial stress/strain states and inhomogeneous elastic-plastic deformations remains an issue. KW - Magnetic stray fields KW - Magnetomechanical effect KW - Damage KW - Topography KW - Multiaxial deformation KW - Notch KW - Plastic deformation KW - Metal magnetic memory KW - Digital image correlation KW - Structural steel PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-457878 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091518 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 11 IS - 9 SP - 1518, 1 EP - 26 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-45787 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Avila Calderon, Luis A1 - Sommer, Konstantin A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Evolution of Creep Damage of 316L Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion N2 - The damage mechanisms of metallic components produced by process laser powder bed fusion differ significantly from those typically observed in conventionally manufactured variants of the same alloy. This is due to the unique microstructures of additively manufactured materials. Herein, the focus is on the study of the evolution of creep damage in stainless steel 316L specimens produced by laser powder bed fusion. X-ray computed tomography is used to unravel the influence of the process-specific microstructure from the influence of the initial void distribution on creep damage mechanisms. The void distribution of two specimens tested at 600 °C and 650 °C is analyzed before a creep test, after an interruption, and after fracture. The results indicate that the formation of damage is not connected to the initial void distribution. Instead, damage accumulation at grain boundaries resulting from intergranular cracking is observed. T2 - Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium CY - Austin, TX, USA DA - 14.08.2023 KW - AISI 316L KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Computed Tomography KW - Creep KW - Laser Powder Bed Fusion KW - Microstructure KW - PBF-LB/M/316L PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58285 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Hanke, Thomas A1 - Eisenbart, Miriam T1 - Mechanical testing ontology (MTO) N2 - The materials mechanical testing ontology (MTO) was developed by collecting the mechanical testing vocabulary from ISO 23718 standard, as well as the standardized testing processes described for various mechanical testing of materials like tensile testing, Brinell hardness test, Vickers hardness test, stress relaxation test, and fatigue testing. Versions info: V2 developed using BFO+CCO top-level ontologies. V3 developed using PROVO+PMDco top-level ontologies. V4 developed using BFO+IOF top-level ontologies. Repositories: GitLab: https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/ontologies/mechanical-testing-ontology GitHub: https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Mechanical-Testing-Ontology MatPortal: https://matportal.org/ontologies/MTO IndustryPortal: https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/MTO KW - Ontology KW - Mechanical testing KW - FAIR data PY - 2023 UR - https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/ontologies/mechanical-testing-ontology/ PB - GitLab CY - San Francisco, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-58271 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Hanke, Thomas A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Semantic Representation of Low‐Cycle‐Fatigue Testing Data Using a Fatigue Test Ontology and ckan.kupferdigital Data Management System N2 - Addressing a strategy for publishing open and digital research data, this article presents the approach for streamlining and automating the process of storage and conversion of research data to those of semantically queryable data on the web. As the use case for demonstrating and evaluating the digitalization process, the primary datasets from low‐cycle‐fatigue testing of several copper alloys are prepared. The fatigue test ontology (FTO) and ckan.kupferdigital data management system are developed as two main prerequisites of the data digitalization process. FTO has been modeled according to the content of the fatigue testing standard and by reusing the basic formal ontology, industrial ontology foundry core ontology, and material science and engineering ontology. The ckan.kupferdigital data management system is also constructed in such a way that enables the users to prepare the protocols for mapping the datasets into the knowledge graph and automatically convert all the primary datasets to those machine‐readable data which are represented by the web ontology language. The retrievability of the converted digital data is also evaluated by querying the example competency questions, confirming that ckan.kupferdigital enables publishing open data that can be highly reused in the semantic web. KW - Accessible KW - CKAN KW - Interoperable KW - Digitalizations KW - Ontologies KW - Reusable data KW - Fatigue testing PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604991 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adem.202400675 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202400675 SN - 1527-2648 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-60499 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Hanke, T. A1 - Weber, M. A1 - Eisenbart, M. A1 - Bauer, F. A1 - Meissner, R. A1 - Dziwis, G. A1 - Tikana, L. A1 - Chen, Yue A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Toward a digital materials mechanical testing lab N2 - To accelerate the growth of Industry 4.0 technologies, the digitalization of mechanical testing laboratories as one of the main data-driven units of materials processing industries is introduced in this paper. The digital lab infrastructure consists of highly detailed and standard-compliant materials testing knowledge graphs for a wide range of mechanical testing processes, as well as some tools that enable the efficient ontology development and conversion of heterogeneous materials’ mechanical testing data to the machine-readable data of uniform and standardized structures. As a basis for designing such a digital lab, the mechanical testing ontology (MTO) was developed based on the ISO 23718 and ISO/IEC 21838-2 standards for the semantic representation of the mechanical testing experiments, quantities, artifacts, and report data. The trial digitalization of materials mechanical testing lab was successfully performed by utilizing the developed tools and knowledge graph of processes for converting the various experimental test data of heterogeneous structures, languages, and formats to standardized Resource Description Framework (RDF) data formats. The concepts of data storage and data sharing in data spaces were also introduced and SPARQL queries were utilized to evaluate how the introduced approach can result in the data retrieval and response to the competency questions. The proposed digital materials mechanical testing lab approach allows the industries to access lots of trustworthy and traceable mechanical testing data of other academic and industrial organizations, and subsequently organize various data-driven research for their faster and cheaper product development leading to a higher performance of products in engineering and ecological aspects. KW - General Engineering KW - General Computer Science PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-582698 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2023.104016 SN - 0166-3615 VL - 153 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-58269 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Ontology-Oriented Modeling of the Vickers Hardness Knowledge Graph N2 - This research deals with the development of the Vickers hardness knowledge graph, mapping the example dataset in them, and exporting the data-mapped knowledge graph as a machine-readable Resource Description Framework (RDF). Modeling the knowledge graph according to the standardized test procedure and using the appropriate upper-level ontologies were taken into consideration to develop the highly standardized, incorporable, and industrial applicable models. Furthermore, the Ontopanel approach was utilized for mapping the real experimental data in the developed knowledge graphs and the resulting RDF files were successfully evaluated through the SPARQL queries. KW - Data Mapping KW - FAIR Data KW - Ontology KW - Knowledge Graph KW - Vickers Hardness PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.4028/p-k8Gj2L VL - 149 SP - 33 EP - 38 PB - Trans Tech Publications Ltd CY - Switzerland AN - OPUS4-59981 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ávila Calderón, Luis Alexander A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Werner, Tiago A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Evans, Alexander T1 - Microstructure Based Study on the Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Stainless Steel 316L manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion N2 - Due to the advantages of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB), i.e., design freedom and the possibility to manufacture parts with filigree structures, and the considerable amount of knowledge available for 316L in its conventional variant, the mechanical behavior, and related microstructure-property relationships of PBF-LB/316L are increasingly subject of research. However, many aspects regarding the - application-relevant - mechanical behavior at high temperatures are not yet fully understood. Here, we present the results of an experimental study on the LCF behavior of PBF-LB/316L featuring a low defect population, which makes this study more microstructure-focused than most of the studies in the literature. The LCF tests were performed between room temperature (RT) and 600 °C. The mechanical response is characterized by strain-life curves, and hysteresis and cyclic deformation curves. The damage and deformation mechanisms are studied with X-ray computed tomography, and optical and electron microscopy. The PBF-LB/M/316L was heat treated at 450 °C for 4 h, and a hot‑rolled (HR) 316L variant with a fully recrystallized equiaxed microstructure was tested as a reference. Besides, selected investigations were performed after a subsequent heat treatment at 900 °C for 1 h. The PBF-LB/316L exhibits higher cyclic stresses than HR/316L for most of the fatigue life, especially at room temperature. At the smallest strain amplitudes, the fatigue lives of PBF-LB/M/316L are markedly shorter than in HR/316L. The main damage mechanisms are multiple cracking at slip bands (RT) and intergranular cracking (600 °C). Neither the melt pool boundaries nor the gas porosity have a significant influence on the LCF damage mechanism. The cyclic stress-strain deformation behavior of PBF-LB/M/316L features an initial hardening followed by a continuous softening. The additional heat treatment at 900 °C for 1 h led to decreased cyclic stresses, and a longer fatigue life. T2 - 4th Symposium on Materials and Additive Manufacturing CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.06.2024 KW - AGIL KW - 316L KW - Microstructure KW - Low Cycle Fatigue KW - Heat Treatment KW - Laser Poeder Bed Fusion PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60432 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Jan Zia, Ghezal Ahmad A1 - Hanke, Thomas A1 - Völker, Christoph A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd T1 - Improving the Reproducibility of Characterization and Quantification of Precipitates through Automated Image Processing and Digital Representation of Processing Steps N2 - The strength of age-hardenable aluminum alloys is based on the controlled formation of nm-sized precipitates, which represent obstacles to dislocation movement. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is generally used to identify precipitate types and orientations and to determine their size. This geometric quantification (e.g., length, diameter) is often performed by manual image analysis, which is very time consuming and sometimes poses reproducibility problems. The present work aims at the digital representation of this characterization method by proposing an automatable digital approach. Based on DF-TEM images of different precipitation states of alloy EN AW-2618A, a modularizable digital workflow is described for the quantitative analysis of precipitate dimensions. The integration of this workflow into a data pipeline concept is also presented. The semantic structuring of data allows data to be shared and reused for other applications and purposes, which enables interoperability. T2 - ICAA19 International Conference on Aluminum Alloys CY - Atlanta, GA, USA DA - 23.06.2024 KW - Digital representation KW - Automatable digital approach KW - Digital workflow KW - Quantitative image analysis KW - Data pipeline concept KW - Semantic structuring KW - Interoperability KW - FAIR data management PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60427 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Han, Ying A1 - Kruse, Julius A1 - Radners, Jan A1 - Madia, Mauro A1 - von Hartrott, Philipp T1 - Fatigue Behavior at Elevated Temperature of Alloy EN AW-2618A N2 - The influence of test temperature and frequency on the fatigue life of the alloy EN AW-2618A (2618A) was characterized. The overaged condition (T61 followed by 1000 h/230 °C) was investigated in load-controlled tests with a stress ratio of R = -1 and two test frequencies (0.2 Hz, 20 Hz) at room temperature and at 230°C, respectively. An increase in the test temperature reduces fatigue life, whereby this effect is more pronounced at lower stress amplitudes. Decreasing the test frequency in tests at high temperatures further reduces the service life. T2 - ICAA19 International Conference on Aluminum Alloys CY - Atlanta, GA, USA DA - 23.06.2024 KW - Aluminium alloy KW - EN AW 2618A KW - Fatigue KW - Overaging KW - Damage behavior PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60426 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Ávila Calderón, Luis Alexander A1 - Sommer, Konstantin A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Formation of Creep Damage of 316L Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion N2 - The damage mechanisms of metallic components produced by process laser powder bed fusion differ significantly from those typically observed in conventionally manufactured variants of the same alloy. This is due to the unique microstructures of additively manufactured materials. Herein, the focus is on the study of the evolution of creep damage in stainless steel 316L specimens produced by laser powder bed fusion. X-ray computed tomography is used to unravel the influence of the process-specific microstructure from the influence of the initial void distribution on creep damage mechanisms. The void distribution of two specimens tested at 600 °C and 650 °C is analyzed before a creep test, after an interruption, and after fracture. The results indicate that the formation of damage is not connected to the initial void distribution. Instead, damage accumulation at grain boundaries resulting from intergranular cracking is observed. T2 - 4th Symposium on Materials and Additive Manufacturing - Additive 2024 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.06.2024 KW - AISI 316L KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Computed Tomography KW - Creep KW - Laser Powder Bed Fusion KW - Microstructure KW - PBF-LB/M/316L PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60295 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Charmi, Amir A1 - Falkenberg, Rainer A1 - Ávila, Luis A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Sommer, Konstantin A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Sprengel, Maximilian A1 - Saliwan Neumann, Romeo A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Mechanical anisotropy of additively manufactured stainless steel 316L: An experimental and numerical study N2 - The underlying cause of mechanical anisotropy in additively manufactured (AM) parts is not yet fully understood and has been attributed to several different factors like microstructural defects, residual stresses, melt pool boundaries, crystallographic and morphological textures. To better understand the main contributing factor to the mechanical anisotropy of AM stainless steel 316L, bulk specimens were fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Tensile specimens were machined from these AM bulk materials for three different inclinations: 0◦, 45◦, and 90◦ relative to the build plate. Dynamic Young’s modulus measurements and tensile tests were used to determine the mechanical anisotropy. Some tensile specimens were also subjected to residual stress measurement via neutron diffraction, porosity determination with X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT), and texture analysis with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). These investigations revealed that the specimens exhibited near full density and the detected defects were spherical. Furthermore, the residual stresses in the loading direction were between −74 ± 24 MPa and 137 ± 20 MPa, and the EBSD measurements showed a preferential ⟨110⟩ orientation parallel to the build direction. A crystal plasticity model was used to analyze the elastic anisotropy and the anisotropic yield behavior of the AM specimens, and it was able to capture and predict the experimental behavior accurately. Overall, it was shown that the mechanical anisotropy of the tested specimens was mainly influenced by the crystallographic texture. KW - Mechanical anisotropy KW - Residual stress KW - Crystal plasticity KW - Selective laser melting (SLM) KW - Laser beam melting (LBM) PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-511719 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.140154 SN - 0921-5093 VL - 799 SP - 140154 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-51171 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Avila Calderon, Luis Alexander A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Low-cycle-fatigue behavior of stainless steel 316L manufactured by laser powder bed fusion N2 - This contribution presents the results of an experimental study on the LCF behavior of an austenitic 316L stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion featuring a low defect population, which allows for an improved understanding of the role of other typical aspects of a PBF‑LB microstructure. The LCF tests were performed between room temperature and 600 °C. A hot‑rolled 316L variant was tested as a reference. The mechanical response is characterized by strain-life curves, a Coffin‑Manson‑Basquin fitting, and cyclic deformation curves. The damage and deformation mechanisms are studied with X-ray computed tomography, optical and electron microscopy. The PBF‑LB/M/316L exhibits lower fatigue lives at lower strain amplitudes. The crack propagation is mainly transgranular. The solidification cellular structure seems to be the most relevant underlying microstructural feature determining the cyclic deformation behavior. T2 - TMS 2024 Annual Meeting & Exhibition CY - Orlando, Florida, US DA - 03.03.2024 KW - AGIL KW - Additive Fertigung KW - Mikrostruktur KW - LCF KW - 316L PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59782 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Hanke, Thomas A1 - Chen, Yue T1 - Brinell test ontology (BTO) N2 - Brinell Test Ontology (BTO) has developed for representing the Brinell testing process, testing equipment requirements, test pieces charactristics, and related testing parameters and their measurement procedure according to DIN EN ISO 6506-1 standard. Versions info: V2 developed using BFO+CCO top-level ontologies. V3 developed using EMMO+CHAMEO top-level ontologies. V4 developed using PROVO+PMDco top-level ontologies. V5 developed using BFO+IOF top-level ontologies. Repositories: GitLab: https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/brinell-hardness-test GitHub: https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Brinell-Test-Ontology-BTO- MatPortal: https://matportal.org/ontologies/BTO IndustryPortal: https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/BTO KW - Ontology KW - Knowledge graph KW - Data mapping KW - Brinell hardness KW - FAIR data PY - 2024 UR - https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/brinell-hardness-test UR - https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Brinell-Test-Ontology-BTO- UR - https://matportal.org/ontologies/BTO UR - https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/BTO PB - GitLab CY - San Francisco, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-60543 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Tensile stress relaxation test ontology (TSRTO) N2 - Tensile Stress Relaxation Test Ontology (TSRTO) has developed for representing the tensile stress relaxation testing process, testing equipment requirements, test pieces charactristics, and related testing parameters and their measurement procedure according to DIN EN ISO 10319-1 standard. Versions info: V1 developed using BFO+CCO top-level ontologies. V3 developed using PROV+PMDco top-level ontologies. Repositories: GitLab: https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/relaxation-test GitHub: https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Tensile-Stress-Relaxation-Test-Ontology-TSRTO MatPortal: https://matportal.org/ontologies/TSRTO IndustryPortal: https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/TSRTO KW - Ontology KW - Tensile stress relaxation testing KW - FAIR data PY - 2024 UR - https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/relaxation-test UR - https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Tensile-Stress-Relaxation-Test-Ontology-TSRTO UR - https://matportal.org/ontologies/TSRTO UR - https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/TSRTO PB - GitLab CY - San Francisco, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-60546 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Vickers test ontology (VTO) N2 - Vickers Test Ontology (VTO) has developed for representing the Vickers testing process, testing equipment requirements, test pieces charactristics, and related testing parameters and their measurement procedure according to DIN EN ISO 6507-1 standard. Versions info: V2 developed using BFO+CCO top-level ontologies. Repositories: GitLab: https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/vickers-hardness-test GitHub: https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Vickers-Test-Ontology-VTO- MatPortal: https://matportal.org/ontologies/VTO IndustryPortal: https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/VTO KW - Ontology KW - Knowledge graph KW - Data mapping KW - Vickers hardness KW - FAIR data. PY - 2024 UR - https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/vickers-hardness-test UR - https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Vickers-Test-Ontology-VTO- UR - https://matportal.org/ontologies/VTO UR - https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/VTO PB - GitLab CY - San Francisco, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-60544 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Tensile test ontology (TTO) N2 - Tensile Test Ontology (TTO) has developed for representing the Tensile testing process, testing equipment requirements, test pieces charactristics, and related testing parameters and their measurement procedure according to DIN EN ISO 6892-1 standard. Versions info: V2 developed using BFO+CCO top-level ontologies. V3 developed using PROVO+PMDco top-level ontologies. Repositories: GitLab: https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/tensile-test GitHub: https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Tensile-Test-Ontology-TTO- MatPortal: https://matportal.org/ontologies/TTO IndustryPortal: https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/TTO KW - Ontology KW - Tensile testing PY - 2024 UR - https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/tensile-test UR - https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Tensile-Test-Ontology-TTO- UR - https://matportal.org/ontologies/TTO UR - https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/TTO PB - GitLab CY - San Francisco, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-60545 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Fatigue test ontology (FTO) N2 - Fatigue Test Ontology (FTO) has developed for representing the fatigue testing process, testing equipment requirements, test pieces charactristics, and related testing parameters and their measurement procedure according to DIN EN ISO 12106 standard. Versions info: V2 developed using PROVO+PMDco top-level ontologies. V3 developed using BFO+IOF top-level ontologies. Repositories: GitLab: https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/lcf-test GitHub: https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Fatigue-Test-Ontology-FTO- MatPortal: https://matportal.org/ontologies/FTO IndustryPortal: https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/FTO KW - Ontology KW - Fatigue testing KW - FAIR data PY - 2024 UR - https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/lcf-test UR - https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Fatigue-Test-Ontology-FTO- UR - https://matportal.org/ontologies/FTO UR - https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/FTO PB - GitLab CY - San Francisco, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-60547 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröder, Jakob A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Heldmann, A. A1 - Hofmann, M. A1 - Polatidis, E. A1 - Čapek, J. A1 - Petry, W. A1 - Serrano-Munoz, Itziar A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Diffraction and Single-Crystal Elastic Constants of Laser Powder Bed Fused Inconel 718 N2 - Laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) of metallic alloys is a layer-wise additive manufacturing process that provides significant scope for more efficient designs of components, benefiting performance and weight, leading to efficiency improvements for various sectors of industry. However, to benefit from these design freedoms, knowledge of the high produced induced residual stress and mechanical property anisotropy associated with the unique microstructures is critical. X-ray and neutron diffraction are considered the benchmark for non-destructive characterization of surface and bulk internal residual stress. The latter, characterized by the high penetration power in most engineering alloys, allows for the use of a diffraction angle close to 90° enabling a near cubic sampling volume to be specified. However, the complex microstructures of columnar growth with inherent crystallographic texture typically produced during PBF-LB/M of metallics present significant challenges to the assumptions typically required for time efficient determination of residual stress. These challenges include the selection of an appropriate set of diffraction elastic constants and a representative lattice plane suitable for residual stress analysis. In this contribution, the selection of a suitable lattice plane family for residual stress analysis is explored. Furthermore, the determination of an appropriate set of diffraction and single-crystal elastic constants depending on the underlying microstructure is addressed. In-situ loading experiments have been performed at the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source with the main scope to study the deformation behaviour of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718. Cylindrical tensile bars have been subjected to an increasing mechanical load. At pre-defined steps, neutron diffraction data has been collected. After reaching the yield limit, unloads have been performed to study the accumulation of intergranular strain among various lattice plane families. T2 - 11th European Conference on Residual Stresses CY - Prag, Czech Republic DA - 03.06.2024 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Laser Powder Bed fusion KW - Diffraction Elastic Constants KW - Microstructure KW - Electron Backscatter Diffraction PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60289 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröder, Jakob A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Luzin, V. A1 - Čapek, J. A1 - Polatidis, E. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Fundamentals of Diffraction-Based Residual Stress Determination N2 - The general term additive manufacturing (AM) encompasses processes that enable the production of parts in a single manufacturing step. Among these, laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) is one of the most commonly used to produce metal components. In essence, a laser locally melts powder particles in a powder bed layer-by-layer to incrementally build a part. As a result, this process offers immense manufacturing flexibility and superior geometric design capabilities compared to conventional processes. However, these advantages come at a cost: the localized processing inevitably induces large thermal gradients, resulting in the formation of large thermal stress during manufacturing. In the best case, residual stress remains in the final parts produced as a footprint of this thermal stress. Since residual stress is well known to exacerbate the structural integrity of components, their assessment is important in two respects. First, to optimize process parameter to minimize residual stress magnitudes. Second, to study their effect on the structural integrity of components (e.g., validation of numerical models). Therefore, a reliable experimental assessment of residual stress is an important factor for the successful application of PBF-LB. In this context, diffraction-based techniques allow the non-destructive characterization of the residual stress. In essence, lattice strain is calculated from interplanar distances by application of Braggs law. From the known lattice strain, macroscopic stress can be determined using Hooke’s law. To allow the accurate assessment of the residual stress distribution by such methods, a couple of challenges in regard of the characteristic PBF-LB microstructures need to be overcome. This presentation highlights some of the challenges regarding the accurate assessment of residual stress in PBF-LB on the example of the Nickel-based alloy Inconel 718. The most significant influencing factors are the use of the correct diffraction elastic constants, the choice of the stress-free reference, and the consideration of the crystallographic texture. Further, it is shown that laboratory X-ray diffraction methods characterizing residual stress at the surface are biased by the inherent surface roughness. Overall, the impact of the characteristic microstructure is most significant for the selection of the correct diffraction elastic constants. In view of the localized melting and solidification, no significant gradients of the stress-free reference are observed, even though the cell-like solidification sub-structure is known to be heterogeneous on the micro-scale. T2 - 4th Symposium on Materials and Additive Manufacturing CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.06.2024 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Residual Stress KW - Electron Backscatter Diffraction KW - Laser Powder Bed Fusion PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60294 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Han, Ying A1 - Kruse, Julius A1 - Rosalie, Julian A1 - Radners, J. A1 - von Hartrott, P. A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Influence of mean stress and overaging on fatigue life of aluminum alloy EN AW-2618A N2 - Fatigue tests were performed on the forged aluminum alloy EN AW-2618A in the T61 state. Different stress ratios (R = -1, R = 0.1) were selected to study the influence of mean stress on fatigue life. Two overaged states (10 h/230 ◦C, 1000 h/230 ◦C) were also tested to investigate the influence of overaging on fatigue life. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the precipitates (S-phase), which are mainly responsible for the strength of the alloy. A fractographic analysis was also performed to determine the failure mode. Overaging reduces the fatigue life compared to the T61 state. The longer the aging time, the lower the fatigue resistance. The reason is the decrease in (yield) strength, which correlates with the radius of the S-phase: the precipitate radius increases by a factor of approximately two for the overaged states compared to the initial state. The analysis of the fracture surfaces showed crack initiation occurs predominantly on the outer surface and is associated with the primary phases. KW - Aluminum alloys KW - Aging KW - Fatigue KW - Microstructure KW - Electron microscopy KW - S-Phase PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-583708 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2023.145660 SN - 0921-5093 VL - 886 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-58370 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen A1 - Jürgens, Maria A1 - Sonntag, Nadja A1 - Fedelich, Bernard A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Einfluss von Haltezeiten auf die TMF-Lebensdauer von P92 bei mittleren und geringen Dehnungsamplituden N2 - Results of an extended TMF test program on grade P92 steel in the temperature range of 620 ◦C–300 ◦C, comprising in-phase (IP) and out-of-phase (OP) tests, partly performed with symmetric dwells at Tmax/Tmin, are presented. In contrast to previous studies, the low-strain regime is also illuminated, which approaches flexible operation in a power plant with start/stop cycles. At all strain amplitudes, the material performance is characterized by continuous cyclic softening, which is retarded in tests at lower strains but reaches similar magnitudes in the course of testing. In the investigated temperature range, the phase angle does not affect fatigue life in continuous experiments, whereas the IP condition is more detrimental in tests with dwells. Fractographic analyses indicate creep-dominated and fatigue-dominated damage for IP and OP, respectively. Analyses of the (micro)hardness distribution in the tested specimens suggest an enhanced microstructural softening in tests with dwell times for the low- but not for the high-strain regime. To rationalize the obtained fatigue data, the fracturemechanics-based DTMF concept, which was developed for TMF life assessment of ductile alloys, was applied. It is found that the DTMF parameter correlates well with the measured fatigue lives, suggesting that subcritical growth of cracks (with sizes from a few microns to a few millimeters) governs failure in the investigated range of strain amplitudes. T2 - DVM-Arbeitskreis Bauteilverhalten bei thermomechanischer Ermüdung - Workshop 2023 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.09.2023 KW - 9–12%Cr steel KW - Thermomechanical fatigue KW - Symmetric dwell periods KW - Parametric modeling PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58431 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd T1 - Platform MaterialDigital Core Ontology (PMDco): A Community Driven Mid-Level Ontology in the MSE Domain N2 - Knowledge representation in the materials science and engineering (MSE) domain is a vast and multi-faceted challenge: Overlap, ambiguity, and inconsistency in terminology are common. Invariant and variant knowledge are difficult to align cross-domain. Generic top-level semantic terminology often is too abstract, while MSE domain terminology often is too specific. The PMDco is designed in direct support of the FAIR principles to address immediate needs of the global experts community and their requirements. The illustrated findings show how the PMDco bridges semantic gaps between high-level, MSE-specific, and other science domain semantics, how the PMDco lowers development and integration thresholds, and how to fuel it from real-world data sources ranging from manually conducted experiments and simulations as well as continuously automated industrial applications. T2 - Patents4Science CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.10.2023 KW - Knowledge Representation KW - Semantic Interoperability KW - FAIR data management KW - Knowledge graph and ontologies KW - PMD Core Ontology PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58507 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Avila Calderon, Luis A1 - Sommer, Konstantin A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Evolution of Creep Damage of 316L Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion N2 - The damage mechanisms of metallic components produced by process laser powder bed fusion differ significantly from those typically observed in conventionally manufactured variants of the same alloy. This is due to the unique microstructures of additively manufactured materials. Herein, the focus is on the study of the evolution of creep damage in stainless steel 316L specimens produced by laser powder bed fusion. X-ray computed tomography is used to unravel the influence of the process-specific microstructure from the influence of the initial void distribution on creep damage mechanisms. The void distribution of two specimens tested at 600 °C and 650 °C is analyzed before a creep test, after an interruption, and after fracture. The results indicate that the formation of damage is not connected to the initial void distribution. Instead, damage accumulation at grain boundaries resulting from intergranular cracking is observed. KW - Creep KW - Computed Tomography KW - PBF-LB/M/316L KW - Laser Powder Bed Fusion KW - Microstructure KW - AISI 316L KW - Additive Manufacturing PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-574127 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202201581 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-57412 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd A1 - Zia, Ghezal Ahmad A1 - Schilling, Markus A1 - Waitelonis, J. A1 - v. Hartrott, P. A1 - Hanke, T. A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Towards interoperability: Digital representation of a material specific characterization method N2 - Certain metallic materials gain better mechanical properties through controlled heat treatments. In age-hardenable aluminum alloys, the strengthening mechanism is based on the controlled formation of nanometer sized precipitates, which hinder dislocation movement. Analysis of the microstructure and especially the precipitates by transmission electron microscopy allows identification of precipitate types and orientations. Dark-field imaging is often used to image the precipitates and quantify their relevant dimensions. The present work aims at the digital representation of this material-specific characterization method. Instead of a time-consuming, manual image analysis, a digital approach is demonstrated. The integration of an exemplary digital workflow for quantitative precipitation analysis into a data pipeline concept is presented. Here ontologies enable linking of contextual information to the resulting output data in a triplestore. Publishing digital workflow and ontologies ensures the reproducibility of the data. The semantic structure enables data sharing and reuse for other applications and purposes, demonstrating interoperability. T2 - TMS - 7th World Congress on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) CY - Orlando, Florida, USA DA - 21.05.2023 KW - Ontology KW - Semantic Interoperability KW - Digtial Representation KW - Data Management KW - Reproducibility KW - FAIR PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57548 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd A1 - v. Hartrott, P. A1 - Waitelonis, J. A1 - Birkholz, H. A1 - Grundmann, J. A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - FAIR data in PMD: Development of MSE mid-level and standard-compliant application ontologies N2 - The efforts taken within the project ‘platform MaterialDigital’ (PMD, materialdigital.de) to store FAIR data in accordance with a standard-compliant ontological representation (‘application ontology’) of a tensile test of metals at room temperature (ISO 6892-1:2019-11) will be presented. This includes the path from developing an ontology in accordance with the respective standard, converting ordinary data obtained from standard tests into the interoperable RDF format, up to connecting the ontology and data. The semantic connection of the ontology and data leads to interoperability and an enhanced ability of querying. For further reusability of data and knowledge semantically stored, the PMD core ontology (PMDco) was developed, which is a mid-level ontology in the field of MSE. The semantic connection of the tensile test application ontology to the PMDco is also presented. Moreover, Ontopanel, a tool for domain experts facilitating visual ontology development and mapping for FAIR data sharing in MSE, is introduced briefly. T2 - World Congress on Integrated Computational Materials and Engineering (ICME) CY - Orlando, Florida, USA DA - 21.05.2023 KW - Digitalization KW - Semantic Web Technologies KW - FAIR KW - Data Interoperability KW - PMD Core Ontology KW - Tensile Test Ontology PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57549 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Valdestilhas, Andre A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd A1 - Moreno Torres, Benjamin A1 - Jan Zia, Ghezal Ahmad A1 - Muth, Thilo T1 - The Intersection Between Semantic Web and Materials Science N2 - The application and benefits of Semantic Web Technologies (SWT) for managing, sharing, and (re-)using of research data are demonstrated in implementations in the field of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE). However, a compilation and classification are needed to fully recognize the scattered published works with its unique added values. Here, the primary use of SWT at the interface with MSE is identified using specifically created categories. This overview highlights promising opportunities for the application of SWT to MSE, such as enhancing the quality of experimental processes, enriching data with contextual information in knowledge graphs, or using ontologies to perform specific queries on semantically structured data. While interdisciplinary work between the two fields is still in its early stages, a great need is identified to facilitate access for nonexperts and develop and provide user-friendly tools and workflows. The full potential of SWT can best be achieved in the long term by the broad acceptance and active participation of the MSE community. In perspective, these technological solutions will advance the field of MSE by making data FAIR. Data-driven approaches will benefit from these data structures and their connections to catalyze knowledge generation in MSE. KW - Linked open data KW - Materials science KW - Ontology KW - Semantic web PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575506 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300051 PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-57550 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd A1 - Birkholz, H. A1 - von Hartrott, P. A1 - Waitelonis, J. A1 - Sack, H. T1 - PMDco - Platform MaterialDigital Core Ontology: Achieving High-Quality & Reliable FAIR Data N2 - Knowledge representation in the materials science and engineering (MSE) domain is a vast and multi-faceted challenge: Overlap, ambiguity, and inconsistency in terminology are common. Invariant and variant knowledge are difficult to align cross-domain. Generic top-level semantic terminology often is too abstract, while MSE domain terminology often is too specific. In this poster presentation, an approach how to maintain a comprehensive and intuitive MSE-centric terminology composing a mid-level ontology–the PMD core ontology (PMDco)–via MSE community-based curation procedures is shown. The PMDco is designed in direct support of the FAIR principles to address immediate needs of the global experts community and their requirements. The illustrated findings show how the PMDco bridges semantic gaps between high-level, MSE-specific, and other science domain semantics, how the PMDco lowers development and integration thresholds, and how to fuel it from real-world data sources ranging from manually conducted experiments and simulations as well as continuously automated industrial applications. T2 - DVM Arbeitskreis Betriebsfestigkeit - Potenziale der Betriebsfestigkeit in Zeiten des technologischen und gesellschaftlichen Wandels CY - Munich, Germany DA - 11.10.2023 KW - Digitalization KW - Semantic Web Technologies KW - FAIR KW - Data Interoperability KW - PMD Core Ontology PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58602 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Bayram, Faruk A1 - Ávila Calderon, Luis Alexander A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - BAM reference data: Temperature-dependent Young's and shear modulus data for additively and conventionally manufactured variants of Ti-6Al-4V N2 - The elastic properties (Young's modulus, shear modulus) of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V were investigated between room temperature and 400 °C in an additively manufactured variant (laser-based directed energy deposition with powder as feedstock, DED-LB/M) and from a conventional process route (hot rolled bar). The moduli were determined using the dynamic resonance method. The data set includes information on processing parameters, heat treatments, microstructure, grain size, specimen dimensions and weight, Young’s and shear modulus as well as their measurement uncertainty. The dataset was generated in an accredited testing lab using calibrated measuring equipment. The calibrations meet the requirements of the test procedure and are metrologically traceable. The dataset was audited as BAM reference data. KW - Elastic modulus KW - Young's modulus KW - Shear modulus KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Ti-6Al-4V PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7813732 PB - Zenodo CY - Geneva AN - OPUS4-57286 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Bayram, Faruk A1 - Ávila Calderon, Luis Alexander A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - BAM reference data: Temperature-dependent Young's and shear modulus data for additively and conventionally manufactured variants of Ni-based alloy Inconel IN718 N2 - The elastic properties (Young's modulus, shear modulus) of Ni-based alloy Inconel IN718 were investigated between room temperature and 800 °C in an additively manufactured variant (laser powder bed fusion, PBF‑LB/M) and from a conventional process route (hot rolled bar). The moduli were determined using the dynamic resonance method. The data set includes information on processing parameters, heat treatments, grain size, specimen dimensions and weight, Young’s and shear modulus as well as their measurement uncertainty. The dataset was generated in an accredited testing lab using calibrated measuring equipment. The calibrations meet the requirements of the test procedure and are metrologically traceable. The dataset was audited as BAM reference data. KW - Elastic modulus KW - Young's modulus KW - Shear modulus KW - Additive manufacturing KW - IN718 PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7813824 PB - Zenodo CY - Geneva AN - OPUS4-57287 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Bayram, Faruk A1 - Ávila Calderon, Luis Alexander A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - BAM reference data: Temperature-dependent Young's and shear modulus data for additively and conventionally manufactured variants of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L N2 - The elastic properties (Young's modulus, shear modulus) of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L were investigated between room temperature and 900 °C in an additively manufactured variant (laser powder bed fusion, PBF‑LB/M) and from a conventional process route (hot rolled sheet). The moduli were determined using the dynamic resonance method. The data set includes information on processing parameters, heat treatments, grain size, specimen dimensions and weight, Young’s and shear modulus as well as their measurement uncertainty. The dataset was generated in an accredited testing lab using calibrated measuring equipment. The calibrations meet the requirements of the test procedure and are metrologically traceable. The dataset was audited as BAM reference data. KW - Elastic modulus KW - Young's modulus KW - Shear modulus KW - Additive manufacturing KW - AISI 316L PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7813835 PB - Zenodo CY - Geneva AN - OPUS4-57288 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Abel, Andreas A1 - Zapala, P. A1 - Michels, H. A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Materials applications of iron aluminide (FeAl), (WAFEAL) T1 - Werkstoffanwendungen für Eisenaluminide (FeAl), (WAFEAL) N2 - The increasing importance of resource availability and closed-loop material cycles are driving materials research to reduce alloying content in conventional materials or even substitute them with more sustainable alternatives. Intermetallic iron aluminide alloys (FeAl) present a potential alternative. Many alloy concepts for improved high-temperature properties or ductility have already been successfully implemented in casting technologies on a laboratory scale. However, successful testing of FeAl alloys on an industrial scale was still pending at the beginning of the project. Therefore, the aim of the project was to develop simulation based casting concepts for industrial casting processes using the base alloy Fe-26Al-4Mo-0.5Ti-1B and to narrow down process limits by means of hot cracking tests. Findings were transferred into practice-oriented guidelines for casting of iron aluminides, which is accessible to future applicants in SMEs. The focus was placed on centrifugal casting combined with investment casting or die casting. In addition to numerous design and casting process parameters, heat treatments and alloying additions (Al, Mo, B) were varied to determine the influence of alloying elements on castability, microstructure and mechanical properties. Data from microstructure analyses (microscopic imaging, determination of grain sizes as well as phase compositions and volume fractions, fractography), mechanical tests (hardness measurements, compression tests, ambient and high-temperature tensile tests, creep tests) as well as measurements of thermophysical properties could be generated on the base alloy. Correlations of materials data with process variables allowed conclusions to be drawn on strengthening mechanisms and ductility of the alloy and how they can be controlled in terms of processing and component design. Successful casting of highly complex components with thin wall thicknesses and optimised alloy compositions points out prospects for new fields of application. N2 - Die zunehmende geopolitische Bedeutung der Ressourcenverfügbarkeit sowie die Anforderungen an einen geschlossenen Materialkreislauf treiben die Materialforschung voran, um konventionelle Werkstoffe mit weniger kritischen Zusätzen zu legieren oder sogar vollständig mit nachhaltigeren Alternativen zu substituieren. Eine potenzielle Alternative stellen die intermetallischen Eisenaluminid-Legierungen (FeAl) dar. Im Labormaßstab wurden bereits viele Legierungskonzepte für verbesserte Hochtemperatureigenschaften oder Duktilität erfolgreich gießtechnisch umgesetzt. Eine erfolgreiche Erprobung von FeAl-Legierungen im industriellen Maßstab stand zu Beginn des Projekts aber weiterhin aus. Ziel des Vorhabens war daher die Entwicklung von simulationsgestützten Gießkonzepten in industrienahe Gießprozesse anhand der Modelllegierung Fe-26Al-4Mo-0,5Ti-1B und die Eingrenzung der prozesstechnischen Verfahrensgrenzen durch Warmrissversuche. Erkenntnisse hieraus wurden in einen praxisorientierten, für zukünftige Anwender in KMUs zugänglichen Handlungskatalog für die gießgerechte Auslegung von Bauteilen aus Eisenaluminiden überführt. Fokus wurde insbesondere auf das Feinguss- und Kokillengussverfahren im Schleuderguss gesetzt. Neben zahlreicher Konstruktions- und Gießprozessparameter wurden auch Wärmebehandlungen und Legierungszusätze (Al, Mo, B) variiert, um den Einfluss von Legierungselementen auf Gießbarkeit, Mikrostruktur und mechanische Kennwerte zu bestimmen. Eine umfangreiche Basis an Daten aus Mikrostrukturanalysen (Mikroskopische Bildgebung, Bestimmung von Korngrößen sowie Phasenzusammensetzungen und -anteilen, Fraktographie), mechanischen Tests (Härtemessungen, Druckversuch, Zugversuch, Warmzugversuch, Kriechversuch) sowie Messungen thermophysikalischer Eigenschaften konnte für die Modelllegierung erzeugt werden. Korrelationen dieser Informationen mit Prozessvariablen erlaubten Schlussfolgerungen zu Härtungsmechanismen und Duktilität in der Legierung und wie sie prozesstechnisch in Gieß- und Bauteilauslegung gesteuert werden können. Der erfolgreiche Abguss von hochkomplexen Bauteilgeometrien mit dünnen Wandstärken sowie optimierte Legierungszusammensetzungen zeigen Perspektiven auf neue Anwendungsfelder auf. T2 - FVV Transfer + Netzwerktreffen | Informationstagung – Frühjahr 2023 CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 29.03.2023 KW - Fe-Al alloys KW - Intermetallics KW - Iron aluminides KW - Microstructure-property-correlation KW - High temperature mechanical properties KW - Creep data KW - Tensile data KW - Fractography KW - Casting PY - 2023 VL - R604 SP - 1 EP - 32 PB - FVV e. V. CY - Frankfurt a.M. AN - OPUS4-57247 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Abel, Andreas A1 - Zapala, P. A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Materials Applications FeAl (WAFEAL) N2 - The increasing importance of resource availability and closed-loop material cycles are driving materials research to reduce alloying content in conventional materials or even substitute them with more sustainable alternatives. Intermetallic iron aluminide alloys (FeAl) present a potential alternative. Many alloy concepts for improved high-temperature properties or ductility have already been successfully implemented in casting technologies on a laboratory scale. However, successful testing of FeAl alloys on an industrial scale was still pending at the beginning of the project. Therefore, the aim of the project was to develop simulation-based casting concepts for industrial casting processes using the base alloy Fe-26Al-4Mo-0.5Ti-1B and to narrow down process limits by means of hot cracking tests. Findings were transferred into practice-oriented guidelines for casting of iron aluminides, which is accessible to future applicants in SMEs. The focus was placed on centrifugal casting combined with investment casting or die casting. In addition to numerous design and casting process parameters, heat treatments and alloying additions (Al, Mo, B) were varied to determine the influence of alloying elements on castability, microstructure and mechanical properties. Data from microstructure analyses (microscopic imaging, determination of grain sizes as well as phase compositions and volume fractions, fractography), mechanical tests (hardness measurements, compression tests, ambient and high-temperature tensile tests, creep tests) as well as measurements of thermophysical properties could be generated on the base alloy. Correlations of materials data with process variables allowed conclusions to be drawn on strengthening mechanisms and ductility of the alloy and how they can be controlled in terms of processing and component design. Successful casting of highly complex components with thin wall thicknesses and optimised alloy compositions points out prospects for new fields of application. T2 - FVV Transfer + Netzwerktreffen | Informationstagung – Frühjahr 2023 CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 29.03.2023 KW - Fe-Al alloys KW - Intermetallics KW - Iron aluminides KW - Microstructure-property-correlation KW - High temperature mechanical properties KW - Creep data KW - Tensile data KW - Fractography KW - Casting PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57248 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radners, Jan A1 - Han, Ying A1 - von Hartrott, Philipp A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Aluminum High Temperature Fatigue N2 - The high operating temperatures of radial compressor wheels in exhaust gas turbochargers lead to a change in the original microstructure of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy EN AW-2618A (overaging). This is caused by thermal loads that are close to the age hardening temperature and can even exceed it for a short time. The aging mechanisms have been investigated together with low cycle fatigue (LCF), thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) and creep up to max. 190 °C in previous research projects. The be-havior of the alloy under high cycle fatigue (HCF) and the influence of load spectra have hardly been investigated. Since the operating temperatures of centrifugal compressors are expected to increase in the future, this research project investigated the HCF behavior at 230 °C, a test temperature significantly higher than the age hardening temperature. The objectives of the project were to establish a suitable experimental database, to understand the relevant microstructural processes, and to further develop and adapt suitable models and evaluation methods. In addition to a basic characterization of the HCF behavior in the initial condition T61, the experimental investigation program included targeted mechanical tests to isolate the influencing factors of mean stress (𝑅=−1, 𝑅=0.1), material overaging (T61, 10 h/230 °C, 1000 h/230 °C), test temperature (20 °C, 230 °C), test frequency (0.2 Hz, 20 Hz) as well as variable amplitudes. On this basis, the models and evaluation methods developed in the previous projects were adapted and further developed to reflect thermal and mechanical loads in the lifetime assessment. T2 - The FVV Transfer + Networking Event (Herbst 2023) CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 04.10.2023 KW - Aluminum alloys KW - Fatigue KW - EN AW-2618A PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 30 AN - OPUS4-58562 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schilling, Markus A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Full dataset of several mechanical tests on an S355 steel sheet as reference data for digital representations N2 - The dataset provided in this repository comprises data obtained from a series of characterization tests performed to a sheet of typical S355 (material number: 1.0577) structural steel (designation of steel according to DIN EN 10025-2:2019). The tests include methods for the determination of mechanical properties such as, e.g., tensile test, Charpy test and sonic resonance test. This dataset is intended to be extended by the inclusion of data obtained from further test methods. Therefore, the entire dataset (concept DOI) comprises several parts (versions), each of which is addressed by a unique version DOI. The data were generated in the frame of the digitization project Innovationplatform MaterialDigital (PMD) which, amongst other activities, aims to store data in a semantically and machine understandable way. Therefore, data structuring and data formats are focused in addition to aspects in the field of material science and engineering (MSE). Hence, this data is supposed to provide reference data as basis for experimental data inclusion, conversion and structuring (data management and processing) that leads to semantical expressivity as well as for MSE experts being generally interested in the material properties and knowledge. KW - S355 steel sheet KW - Mechanical testing KW - Tensile test KW - Charpy test KW - Microstructure analysis KW - Digital representation KW - Data management KW - Data format PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6778336 PB - Zenodo CY - Geneva AN - OPUS4-55141 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Han, Ying A1 - Kruse, Julius A1 - Madia, Mauro A1 - Radners, Jan A1 - von Hartrott, Philipp A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - The influence of aging and mean stress on fatigue of Al-alloy EN AW-2618A N2 - In this study, the influence of aging and mean stress on fatigue of the aluminium-alloy EN AW-2618A is investigated. Therefore axial fatigue tests are carried out on smooth specimens. The experiments show that the fatigue life decreases with increasing mean stress. Furthermore, the tests with the overaged specimens demonstrate that the number of cycles to failure is decreasing with increasing aging time. T2 - LCF9 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 21.06.2022 KW - Fatigue KW - Aluminium alloy KW - EN AW-2618A KW - Damage Behavior PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55125 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sonntag, Nadja A1 - Jürgens, Maria A1 - Roohbakhshan, Farshad A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen T1 - Dwell-Fatigue and Cyclic Softening of Grade P92 Steel under LCF and TMF Conditions N2 - Tempered martensite-ferritic steels, such as the grade P92 steel studied in this contribution, exhibit pronounced macroscopic cyclic softening under isothermal low-cycle fatigue (LCF) and non-isothermal thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) conditions, which is considered to be the predominant degradation mechanism in high-temperature fatigue in this and other material groups. However, such softening processes are highly complex since microscopic (e.g., recovery) and macroscopic (e.g., crack initiation and growth), as well as global and local effects superimpose, especially under creep-fatigue conditions. In this contribution, we discuss the cyclic deformation and softening behavior of P92 in strain-controlled LCF, in-phase (IP) TMF, and out-of-phase (OP) TMF tests with and without dwell times in the temperature range from 300 °C to 620°C. EBSD-based dislocation analysis on various fatigued material states confirms the continuous redistribution and annihilation of geometrically necessary dislocations in all studied states, which can be quantitatively correlated with macroscopic softening despite different damage mechanisms for different test types. Deviations from this correlation are observed for OP TMF and LCF with dwell times, i.e., for conditions where optical microscopy reveals pronounced crack-oxidation interactions at the specimen surfaces. T2 - LCF9 - Ninth International Conference on Low Cycle Fatigue CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 21.06.2022 KW - LCF KW - TMF KW - EBSD PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.48447/LCF9-2022-111 AN - OPUS4-55128 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Brinell-Hardness (HBW 2.5/62.5) of Al-alloy EN AW-2618A after different aging times and temperatures N2 - The dataset contains data from Brinell hardness measurements of Al-alloy EN AW-2618A after aging for different times and temperatures. Aging was either load free or with applied tensile load (creep). KW - Aluminium alloy KW - EN AW-2618A KW - Brinell hardness KW - Aging KW - Creep PY - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6787085 UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10396823 DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6787084 PB - Zenodo CY - Geneva AN - OPUS4-55158 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - von Hartrott, P. T1 - Interlinking Structured Data about Aging and Fattigue of an Aluminum Alloy N2 - In typical material oriented research projects numerous types and sources of data need to get connected to form the final outcome. The data-structures have to be described in a manner semantically concise enough so that all participants share the meaning and at the same time flexible enough to allow connecting findings and facts that have not been connected before. The present contribution describes the approach that is being taken in a public funded research project with two cooperating research institutes. The aim of the data-management solution is to describe and interlink three main entity types: material entities like a test specimen that is under observation, immaterial entities like a fatigue life model and processes that generate and transform the immaterial and material entities. The shared understanding of what is described by the data is achieved by referring to existing linked data resources. In addition a common thesaurus that is subject to ongoing discussion is used for concepts and terms that need precision beyond publicly available concept descriptions. The data associated with the entities and processes and entities is rather small and well structured. The entities and processes covered by the vocabularies are typical to laboratories performing fatigue testing and microstructure analysis. Through the interlinking of the entities and processes it becomes possible to intuitively understand the knowledge that is accumulating in the database. For example it is easy to trace the history of a creep test specimen starting from the chemical composition that has been analyzed for the heat, continuing with the heat treatment of the material, going into the creep test itself with the associated creep data and finally finding the transmission electron microscopy images that have been taken from the crept sample. The presented approach is prototypical way to tackle the sustainable management of structured open research data. Open questions remain for example with the management of attributions, the acceptance of an increased effort in data creation and the access control to specific regions of the data. On the other hand the approach sketches what added value can be created, if the community adopts and contributes to the linked data principles. T2 - LCF9 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 21.6.2022 KW - Data management KW - Data linking KW - Thesaurus PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55159 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ávila Calderón, Luis Alexander A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Graf, B. A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Low cycle fatigue behavior of DED-L Ti-6AL-4V N2 - Laser powder-based directed energy deposition (DED-L) is a technology that offers the possibility for 3D material deposition over hundreds of layers and has thus the potential for application in additive manufacturing (AM). However, to achieve broad industrial application as AM technology, more data and knowledge about the fabricated materials regarding the achieved properties and their relationship to the manufacturing process and the resulting microstructure is still needed. In this work, we present data regarding the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of Ti-6Al-4V. The material was fabricated using an optimized DED-L process. It features a low defect population and excellent tensile properties. To assess its LCF behavior two conventionally manufactured variants of the same alloy featuring different microstructures were additionally tested. The strain-controlled LCF tests were carried out in fully reversed mode with 0.3 % to 1.0 % axial strain amplitude from room temperature up to 400°C. The LCF behavior and failure mechanisms are described. For characterization, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and micro-computed tomography (µCT) were used. The low defect population allows for a better understanding of the intrinsic material’s properties and enables a fairer comparison against the conventional variants. The fatigue lifetimes of the DED-L material are nearly independent of the test temperature. At elevated test temperatures, they are similar or higher than the lifetimes of the conventional counterparts. At room temperature, they are only surpassed by the lifetimes of one of them. The principal failure mechanism involves multiple crack initiation sites. T2 - Ninth International Conference on Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF9) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 21.06.2022 KW - AGIL KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Ti-6Al-4V KW - Low-Cycle-Fatigue KW - Microstructure PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55123 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - Tensile Test Ontology (TTO) N2 - This is the stable version 2.0.1 of the PMD ontology module of the tensile test (Tensile Test Ontology - TTO) as developed on the basis of the 2019 standard ISO 6892-1: Metallic materials - Tensile Testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature. The TTO was developed in the frame of the PMD project. The TTO provides conceptualizations valid for the description of tensile test and corresponding data in accordance with the respective standard. By using TTO for storing tensile test data, all data will be well structured and based on a common vocabulary agreed on by an expert group (generation of FAIR data) which will lead to enhanced data interoperability. This comprises several data categories such as primary data, secondary data and metadata. Data will be human and machine readable. The usage of TTO facilitates data retrieval and downstream usage. Due to a close connection to the mid-level PMD core ontology (PMDco), the interoperability of tensile test data is enhanced and data querying in combination with other aspects and data within the broad field of material science and engineering (MSE) is facilitated. The TTO class structure forms a comprehensible and semantic layer for unified storage of data generated in a tensile test including the possibility to record data from analysis, re-evaluation and re-use. Furthermore, extensive metadata allows to assess data quality and reproduce experiments. Following the open world assumption, object properties are deliberately low restrictive and sparse. KW - Ontology KW - Tensile Test KW - Digitalization KW - Plattform MaterialDigital KW - Structured Data PY - 2023 UR - https://github.com/MarkusSchilling/application-ontologies/blob/479311832819af695a2c64fa8eb772f2da398061/tensile_test_ontology_TTO/pmd_tto.ttl UR - https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/blob/59f5727b0437ceea5e3d9fcb8fcd0ac211e92cc3/pmd_tto.ttl PB - GitHub CY - San Francisco, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-57935 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Radii of S-phase Al2CuMg in Al-alloy EN AW 2618A after different aging times at 190°C N2 - The dataset contains data from quantitative microstructural analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of the S-phase (Al2CuMg) radii in Al-alloy EN AW 2618A. The investigated material and the applied methods were described in detail in two publications. KW - Aluminium alloy KW - EN AW 2618A a KW - S-phase KW - Al2CuMg KW - Aging KW - Creep KW - Radii distribution KW - TEM PY - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6659461 UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7625259 DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6659460 PB - Zenodo CY - Geneva AN - OPUS4-55067 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fedelich, Bernard A1 - Butz, Adam A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Mäde, Lucas A1 - Vöse, Markus T1 - Experimental and analytical investigation of Low Cycle Fatigue Damage at notches in a polycrystalline Nickel base superalloy N2 - Turbine blades often contain cylindric holes used to generate an air film that protects the blade alloy from the hot gases. These cooling holes of diameter around one mm are drilled by laser through the thickness of the blades. Unfortunately, the resulting stress concentration and the drilling-induced damage are known to favor crack initiation from the holes. It is thus necessary to assess the impact of these cooling holes on the structural integrity of the blades. Since cracks initiate very readily, the fatigue life of the components is mainly controlled by the propagation of the cracks in the stress gradient induced by the holes. For this purpose, displacement controlled high-temperature LCF (Low-Cycle-Fatigue) tests were performed with center hole specimens of a coarse-grained Nickel base Superalloy. The tests were stopped after a defined load drop. In addition, crack propagation tests with Double Edge Notch specimens were performed. Moreover, specimens with different hole surface finishes were investigated, which showed a detrimental effect of the hole surface roughness. In parallel, an evaluation of the LCF tests based on a fracture mechanics-based model (Madia et al., Eng. Fract. Mech., 2018) has been applied. Thereby, the specimen life is controlled by the crack propagation time until failure. Crack growth is controlled by a modified NASGRO equation accounting for large-scale yielding and a progressive build-up of crack closure. The initial crack size has been derived from the measurements of defects around the borehole. A reasonable agreement between predicted and measured lifetimes is observed if one keeps in mind the large uncertainty regarding the effective shape of the cracks. T2 - 23rd European Conference on Fracture CY - Funchal, Madeira, Portugal DA - 27.06.2022 KW - Nickel-base superalloys KW - Notches KW - LCF PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55338 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd A1 - Waitelonis, J. T1 - PMD Workshop: Use and benefits of the PMDco N2 - This is an interactive workshop of the Plattform MaterialDigital (PMD) on Semantic Web technologies (SWT) where we delve into the world of ontology development and data structuring in the field of materials science and engineering (MSE). This workshop is designed to equip participants with essential skills in categorizing classes within ontologies, with a special emphasis on the PMD Core Ontology (PMDco). Discover the immense value of ontologies for MSE data reproducibility and reuse and harness the power of PMDco to foster your data management practices. In this workshop, you will explore the intricacies of class categorization when developing ontologies in the MSE domain. Through interactive discussions and hands-on exercises, you will learn effective techniques for structuring and organizing ontologies to enhance data retrieval and analysis. You will gain valuable insights into best practices and considerations for class categorization, aiming at optimal data organization and management within your MSE projects. One of the highlights of this workshop is the introduction to PMDco, a mid-level ontology in the field of MSE developed community-driven in the frame of the project PMD. Learn about PMDco, its underlying concepts, and its application in detail. Discover how PMDco provides a comprehensive framework for MSE data representation, enabling seamless integration and interoperability across different systems and platforms. In addition to exploring PMDco, this workshop will illustrate the benefits of data interoperability and SWT with respect to leveraging the full potential of MSE data. T2 - NFDI MatWerk Conference 2023 CY - Siegburg, Germany DA - 27.06.2023 KW - Workshop KW - Ontology KW - Plattform MaterialDigital KW - PMDco PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57802 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - Plattform MaterialDigital in DIN NA 062-01-42 AA N2 - In dieser Präsentation werden die letzten Entwicklungen in der Plattform MaterialDigital (PMD) im DIN Normenausschuss 062-01-42 AA zur Zug- und Duktilitätsprüfung für Metalle vorgestellt. Dabei werden hauptsächlich die Entwicklungen und Neustrukturierung der PMD Core Ontology (PMDco) sowie die entsprechende Anpassung der Zugversuchsontologie (Tensile Test Ontology - TTO) inklusive des Datenmappings adressiert. Für das Datenmapping wurde ein speziell im Zusammenhang mit der PMD erstellter Zugversuchsdatensatz verwendet, welcher frei verfügbar in einem online Zenodo Repository veröffentlicht ist. Weiterhin wird die Weiterentwicklung der Norm in Verbindung mit ihrer folgenden Revision hinsichtlich der Integration von Aspekten zur Digitalisierung in der Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik sowie der Verwendung von semantischen Technologien, wie unter anderem ontologischen Repräsentationen von Materialien und Prozessen, diskutiert. T2 - DIN NA 062-01-42 AA Meeting CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.06.2023 KW - Ontologie KW - Semantic Web Technologies KW - Normung KW - DIN KW - Plattform MaterialDigital KW - Zugversuch KW - Tensile Test KW - Materialcharakterisierung PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57803 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ávila Calderón, Luis Alexander A1 - Hammerschmidt, T. A1 - Gedsun, A. A1 - Forti, M. A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen A1 - Stotzka, R. A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Shakeel, Y. A1 - Hunke, S. A1 - Tsybenko, H. A1 - Aversa, R. A1 - Chmielowski, M. A1 - Hickel, T. T1 - IUC02 Framework for Curation and Distribution of Reference Datasets using Creep Data of Ni-Base Superalloys as an Example N2 - In our current view, reference datasets in the MSE domain represent specific material properties, e.g., structural, mechanical, … characteristics. A reference dataset must fulfill high-quality standards, not only in precision of measurement but also in a comprehensive documentation of material, processing, and testing history (metadata). This Infrastructure Use Case (IUC) aims to develop a framework for generating reference material datasets using creep data of a single crystal Ni-based superalloy as a best practice example. In a community-driven process, we aim to encourage the discussion and establish a framework for the creation and distribution of reference material datasets. In this poster presentation, we highlight our current vision and activities and intend to stimulate the discussion about the topic reference datasets and future collaborations and work. T2 - NFDI-MatWerk Conference CY - Siegburg, Germany DA - 27.06.2023 KW - Referenzdaten KW - Reference data KW - Syngle Crystal alloy KW - Creep KW - Metadata schema PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57923 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ávila Calderón, Luis Alexander A1 - Hammerschmidt, T. A1 - Stotzka, R. A1 - Forti, M. A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Lenze, A. A1 - Gedsun, A. A1 - Hickel, Tilmann A1 - Tsybenko, H. A1 - Chmielowski, M. A1 - Hunke, S. A1 - Shakeel, Y. T1 - Demonstration of the Infrastructure Use Case 02: Framework for curation and distribution of reference datasets N2 - In our current view, reference datasets in the MSE domain represent specific material properties, e.g., structural, mechanical, … characteristics. A reference dataset must fulfill high-quality standards, not only in precision of measurement but also in a comprehensive documentation of material, processing, and testing history (metadata). This Infrastructure Use Case (IUC) aims to develop a framework for generating reference material datasets using creep data of a single crystal Ni-based superalloy as a best practice example. In a community-driven process, we aim to encourage the discussion and establish a framework for the creation and distribution of reference material datasets. In this poster presentation, we highlight our current vision and activities and intend to stimulate the discussion about the topic reference datasets and future collaborations and work. T2 - NFDI-MatWerk Conference CY - Siegburg, Germany DA - 27.06.2023 KW - Referenzdaten KW - Reference data KW - Creep KW - Metadata schema KW - Syngle Crystal alloy PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57924 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Bayram, Faruk A1 - Ávila Calderon, Luis Alexander A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Elastic modulus data for additively and conventionally manufactured variants of Ti-6Al-4V, IN718 and AISI 316 L N2 - This article reports temperature-dependent elastic properties (Young’s modulus, shear modulus) of three alloys measured by the dynamic resonance method. The alloys Ti-6Al-4V, Inconel IN718, and AISI 316 L were each investigated in a variant produced by an additive manufacturing processing route and by a conventional manufacturing processing route. The datasets include information on processing routes and parameters, heat treatments, grain size, specimen dimensions, and weight, as well as Young’s and shear modulus along with their measurement uncertainty. The process routes and methods are described in detail. The datasets were generated in an accredited testing lab, audited as BAM reference data, and are hosted in the open data repository Zenodo. Possible data usages include the verification of the correctness of the test setup via Young’s modulus comparison in low-cycle fatigue (LCF) or thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) testing campaigns, the design auf VHCF specimens and the use as input data for simulation purposes. KW - Elastic modulus KW - Young's modulus KW - Shear modulus KW - Additive manufacturing KW - AISI 316L KW - IN 718 KW - Ti-6Al-4V KW - Reference data KW - Temperature dependence PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-579716 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02387-6 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Springer Nature AN - OPUS4-57971 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sonntag, Nadja A1 - Jürgens, Maria A1 - Uhlemann, Patrick A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen T1 - Experimental data from service-like creep-fatigue experiments on grade P92 steel N2 - This article refers to the research article entitled “Creep-Fatigue of P92 in Service-Like Tests with Combined Stress- and Strain-Controlled Dwell Times” [1]. It presents experimental mechanical data from complex service-like creep-fatigue experiments performed isothermally at 620 °C and a low strain amplitude of 0.2 % on tempered martensite-ferritic grade P92 steel. The data sets in text file format provide cyclic deformation (min. and max. stresses) and the total (hysteresis) data of all recorded fatigue cycles for three different creep-fatigue experiments: 1) a standard relaxation fatigue (RF) test with symmetrical dwell times of three minutes introduced at minimum and maximum strain, 2) a fully strain-controlled service-like relaxation (SLR) test combining these three-minute peak strain dwells with a 30-minute dwell in between at zero strain, and 3) a partly stress-controlled service-like creep (SLC) test combining the three-minute peak strain dwells with 30-minute dwells at constant stress. Such service-like (SL) tests with additional long-term stress- and strain-controlled dwell times are non-standard, rare, and expensive, making these data very valuable. They may be used to approximate cyclic softening in the technically relevant range, for the design of complex SL experiments, or for detailed analyses of stress-strain hystereses (e.g., for stress or strain partitioning methods, for the determination of hysteresis energies (work), inelastic strain components, etc.). In addition, the latter analyses may supply important input for advanced parametric lifetime modeling of components under creep-fatigue loading or model calibration parameters. KW - Tempered martensite-ferritic steel KW - Creep KW - Stress relaxation KW - Creep-fatigue KW - Dwell times PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-578407 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109333 SN - 2352-3409 VL - 49 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-57840 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Radners, J. A1 - Han, Ying A1 - von Hartrott, P. A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Aluminium Hochtemperaturermüdung N2 - Die hohen Betriebstemperaturen während des Einsatzes von Radialverdichterrädern in Abgasturboladern führen zu einer Änderung der ursprünglich eingestellten Mikrostruktur in der warmfesten Aluminiumlegierung EN AW-2618A (Überalterung). Grund dafür sind thermische Belastungen, die nahe der Aushärtetemperatur liegen und diese kurzzeitig sogar überschreiten können. Die Alterungsmechanismen wurden zusammen mit den Themen niederzyklische (LCF) und thermomechanische Ermüdung (TMF) sowie Kriechen bis max. 190 °C in vorangegangenen Forschungsvorhaben untersucht. Kaum untersucht war bisher das Verhalten der Legierung unter hochzyklischer Beanspruchung (HCF) sowie der Einfluss von Kerben und Lastkollektiven. Da zukünftig mit weiter steigenden Betriebstemperaturen für Radialverdichter zu rechnen ist, wurde in diesem Forschungsvorhaben das HCF-Verhalten bei 230 °C untersucht und somit bei einer Prüftemperatur, die deutlich oberhalb der Aushärtetemperatur liegt. Das Ziel des Projektes war der Aufbau einer geeigneten experimentellen Datenbasis, das Verständnis der relevanten mikrostrukturellen Prozesse sowie die Weiterentwicklung und Anpassung geeigneter Modelle und Bewertungsmethoden. Das experimentelle Untersuchungsprogramm umfasste neben einer Basischarakterisierung des HCF-Verhaltens am Ausgangszustand T61 gezielte mechanische Versuche zur Isolierung der Einflussfakto-ren Mittelspannung (𝑅 = −1, 𝑅 = 0,1), Werkstoffüberalterung (T61, 10 h/230 °C, 1000 h/230 °C), Prüftemperatur (20 °C, 230 °C), Prüffrequenz (0,2 Hz, 20 Hz) sowie Kerbwirkung und variable Amplituden. Darauf aufbauend wurden die in den vorangegangenen Projekten entwickelten Modelle und Bewertungsmethoden angepasst und weiterentwickelt, um die genannten thermischen und mechanischen Belastungen in der Lebensdauerbewertung abzubilden. KW - HCF KW - Aluminium KW - EN AW-2618A KW - Ermüdung PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 111 CY - Frankfurt am Main AN - OPUS4-57850 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -