TY - JOUR A1 - Jentzsch, Stefan A1 - Stock, Daniel A1 - Häcker, Ralf A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Darvishi Kamachali, Reza A1 - Klingbeil, Dietmar A1 - Kindrachuk, Vitaliy T1 - Shear Band Formation with Split Hopkinson Bar Experiments N2 - The essence of dynamic failure is closely linked to dramatic shear deformations which often lead to the formation of adiabatic shear bands (ASB). Under high loading velocities and the subsequent rapid temperature increase, the localization of shear strain is crucial in view of safety issues of systems in mechanical and aircraft engineering, especially with respect to fast rotating components and diverse crash scenarios. In this research, we perform high speed impact tests at the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) setup and use particular hat-shaped specimen geometries that resemble the stresses and failure conditions at the component level. In the first step, we specify a notched specimen geometry using finite element (FE) simulations to ensure pure shear. Further, quasi-static compressive tests and a series of impact tests at high strain rates of 10^3-10^4 s^-1 are conducted on specimens manufactured from a fine-grain structural steel with the properties of S355. Optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) of the sheared zones unveil significant localization to maximal shear strains of about 0.9 accompanied by grain refinement by factors 5 to 14. The displacements across the surface of the specimens are captured with subset-based local digital image correlation (DIC) during the impact time, and serve as an objective to validate a viscoplastic constitutive relationship. More precisely, the deformation distribution is accurately reproduced by the widely recognized Johnson-Cook (JC) model, which features an enhanced description of damage evolution. Thus, combining experimental and characterization techniques, continuum mechanics and reasonable optimization strategies for the identification of model parameters provides an efficient approach for comprehensive insights into the strain localization behaviour and its impact on the mechanical performance of S355 under extreme strain rates and deformations. KW - Adiabatic shear bands KW - Finite element analysis KW - Viscoplastic material modelling KW - Split Hopkinson pressure bar KW - Hat-shaped specimen KW - Johnson–Cook parameter identification PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613339 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2024.109749 VL - 284 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Elsevier BV AN - OPUS4-61333 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd T1 - Digital Transformation in Materials Science:Insights from Platform MaterialDigital N2 - In the digital transformation of materials science and engineering, existing processes are being closely examined to optimize and extend them using technologies such as the Semantic Web, while adhering to the FAIR principles. The challenge is to identify and adapt these technologies to significantly improve daily operations, covering the entire cycle of data generation, collection, storage to its processing and use. This presentation presents different approaches developed within the Platform MaterialDigital (PMD) and related initiatives, each addressing specific challenges of digitalization and demonstrating their benefits. These will be illustrated by a case study on age-hardenable aluminium alloys in different aging states, based on a comprehensive dataset of microstructural and mechanical properties. In this context, ontologies are essential for organizing data into interoperable semantic structures, thereby enabling the representation of concepts and their relationships. The PMD Core Ontology (PMDco) serves as a higher semantic layer that connects domain-specific ontologies [1]. The PMDco provides MSE-specific bridging concepts that enhance data mapping and integration capabilities. This approach facilitates the linking of results from natural language processing of a corpus of microscopy abstracts, which supported the development of a microscopy ontology. In addition, the presentation highlights how modular, digital workflows can improve the reproducibility of transmission electron microscopy image processing and analysis [2]. It also shows how freely available mechanical and microstructural datasets are semantically integrated and made searchable through PMDco, facilitating correlation analysis [3]. Looking ahead, the integration of these components has the potential to advance and sustain MSE practices. T2 - MSE Congress 2024 - Materials Science and Engineering CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 24.09.2024 KW - Semantic Interoperability KW - FAIR data management KW - Digtial Representation PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61137 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Tensile test ontology (TTO) N2 - Tensile Test Ontology (TTO) has developed for representing the Tensile testing process, testing equipment requirements, test pieces charactristics, and related testing parameters and their measurement procedure according to DIN EN ISO 6892-1 standard. Versions info: V2 developed using BFO+CCO top-level ontologies. V3 developed using PROVO+PMDco top-level ontologies. Repositories: GitLab: https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/tensile-test GitHub: https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Tensile-Test-Ontology-TTO- MatPortal: https://matportal.org/ontologies/TTO IndustryPortal: https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/TTO KW - Ontology KW - Tensile testing PY - 2024 UR - https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/tensile-test UR - https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Tensile-Test-Ontology-TTO- UR - https://matportal.org/ontologies/TTO UR - https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/TTO PB - GitLab CY - San Francisco, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-60545 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schilling, Markus A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd A1 - von Hartrott, Philipp A1 - Waitelonis, Jörg A1 - Birkholz, Henk A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - FAIR and Structured Data: A Domain Ontology Aligned with Standard‐Compliant Tensile Testing N2 - The digitalization of materials science and engineering (MSE) is currently leading to remarkable advancements in materials research, design, and optimization, fueled by computer‐driven simulations, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. While these developments promise to accelerate materials innovation, challenges in quality assurance, data interoperability, and data management have to be addressed. In response, the adoption of semantic web technologies has emerged as a powerful solution in MSE. Ontologies provide structured and machine‐actionable knowledge representations that enable data integration, harmonization, and improved research collaboration. This study focuses on the tensile test ontology (TTO), which semantically represents the mechanical tensile test method and is developed within the project Plattform MaterialDigital (PMD) in connection with the PMD Core Ontology. Based on ISO 6892‐1, the test standard‐compliant TTO offers a structured vocabulary for tensile test data, ensuring data interoperability, transparency, and reproducibility. By categorizing measurement data and metadata, it facilitates comprehensive data analysis, interpretation, and systematic search in databases. The path from developing an ontology in accordance with an associated test standard, converting selected tensile test data into the interoperable resource description framework format, up to connecting the ontology and data is presented. Such a semantic connection using a data mapping procedure leads to an enhanced ability of querying. The TTO provides a valuable resource for materials researchers and engineers, promoting data and metadata standardization and sharing. Its usage ensures the generation of finable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable data while maintaining both human and machine actionability. KW - Data Interoperability KW - Domain Ontology Development KW - FAIR Data Management KW - Knowledge Representation KW - Tensile Test Ontology KW - Semantic Web Technologies PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-598142 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202400138 SN - 1438-1656 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag AN - OPUS4-59814 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Han, Ying T1 - Hochtemperaturermüdung der Aluminiumlegierung EN AW-2618A N2 - Abgasturbolader tragen wesentlich zur Effizienzsteigerung moderner Verbrennungsmotoren bei. Die im Abgasturbolader eingesetzten Radialverdichterräder werden überwiegend aus der warmfesten ausscheidungsgehärteten Aluminiumlegierung EN AW-2618A hergestellt. Die Anforderungen an die Radialverdichterräder steigen und die Betriebszeiten verlängern sich. Für eine optimale Auslegung des Bauteils ist unter anderem die Kenntnis des Ermüdungsverhaltens dieser Legierung erforderlich. Es ist bekannt, dass sich die Mikrostruktur dieser Legierung während des Betriebs vergröbert und dadurch die Festigkeit abnimmt. Das niederzyklische Ermüdungsverhalten für den Ausgangszustand des Werkstoffs und Prüftemperaturen bis 190 °C ist bereits gut untersucht. Für das hochzyklische Ermüdungsverhalten, insbesondere für Prüftemperaturen über 190 °C, liegen jedoch nur wenige Ergebnisse vor. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher, die Datenbasis hinsichtlich der hochzyklischen Ermüdungslebensdauer bei erhöhten Prüftemperatur zu vervollständigen und das Werkstoffverhalten sowie die Schädigungsmechanismen zu charakterisieren. Zu diesem Zweck wurden axiale Ermüdungsversuche an glatten Proben durchgeführt. Neben dem T61-Ausgangszustand für eine Basischarakterisierung wurden zwei überalterte Zustände, jeweils bei 230 °C für 10 h und 1000 h ausgelagert und anschließend geprüft, um den Einfluss der Überalterung auf die Ermüdungslebensdauer zu erfassen. Die Auslagerungstemperatur von 230 °C der überalterten Zustände liegt deutlich über der Aushärtungstemperatur von 195 °C des T61-Zustands, was zu Veränderungen der optimal eingestellten Mikrostruktur führt, die sich wiederum in den mechanischen Eigenschaften widerspiegeln. Mit der Überalterungszeit von 10 h wurde ein Zustand untersucht, der einem Härteniveau entspricht, der bei Bauteilrückläufern nach Langzeitbetrieb beobachtet wurde und mit der Überalterungszeit von 1000 h wurden die Werkstoffgrenzen ermittelt. Zusätzlich wurde mittels Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (TEM) die Vergröberung der festigkeitssteigernden S-Phase untersucht. Der Einfluss der Prüftemperatur auf die Ermüdungslebensdauer wurde durch Versuche bei 230 °C untersucht. Die Ermüdungsversuche wurde durch fraktographische Untersuchungen ergänzt und ausgewählte Ermüdungsversuche wurden mit zerstörungsfreien Prüfmethoden begleitet, um die Schädigung mit zunehmender Zyklenzahl dazustellen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen zeigen eine kürzere Ermüdungslebensdauer für die längere Überalterungszeit bei gleicher Spannungsamplitude. Die Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie zeigt, dass der mittlere Radius der S-Phase nach einer Überalterungszeit von 10 h um den Faktor 2,3 und nach 1000 h um den Faktor 2,7 im Vergleich zum Ausgangszustand zunimmt. Eine Erhöhung der Prüftemperatur auf 230 °C führt bei gleicher Spannungsamplitude zu einer Verkürzung der Ermüdungslebensdauer im Vergleich zu Raumtemperatur. Die fraktographischen Untersuchungen zeigen, dass unabhängig vom Werkstoffzustand und der Prüftemperatur die Rissinitiierung überwiegend an der Probenoberfläche oder in der Nähe der Primärphasen erfolgt. Das Risswachstum mit zunehmender Zyklenzahl kann mit der Replika-Methode erfolgreich abgebildet werden. Die Abbildung des Risses in der noch nicht gebrochenen Probe ist auch mit der Computertomographie möglich. KW - Aluminiumlegierung KW - EN AW-2618A KW - Ermüdung KW - HCF KW - Mikroskopie KW - Fraktographie PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-615288 DO - https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-21381 SP - 1 EP - 109 PB - Depostit Once CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61528 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Improving the Reproducibility of Characterization and Quantification of Precipitates through Automated Image Processing and Digital Representation of Processing Steps N2 - The strength of age-hardenable aluminum alloys is based on the controlled formation of nm-sized precipitates, which represent obstacles to dislocation movement. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is generally used to identify precipitate types and orientations and to determine their size. This geometric quantification (e.g., length, diameter) is often performed by manual image analysis, which is very time consuming and sometimes poses reproducibility problems. The present work aims at the digital representation of this characterization method by proposing an automatable digital approach. Based on DF-TEM images of different precipitation states of alloy EN AW-2618A, a modularizable digital workflow is described for the quantitative analysis of precipitate dimensions. The integration of this workflow into a data pipeline concept is also presented. The semantic structuring of data allows data to be shared and reused for other applications and purposes, which enables interoperability. T2 - ICAA19 International Conference on Aluminum Alloys CY - Atlanta, GA, USA DA - 23.06.2024 KW - Digital representation KW - Automatable digital approach KW - Digital workflow KW - Quantitative image analysis KW - Data pipeline concept KW - Semantic structuring KW - Interoperability KW - FAIR data management PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60427 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ávila Calderón, Luis T1 - Microstructure Based Study on the Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Stainless Steel 316L manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion N2 - Due to the advantages of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB), i.e., design freedom and the possibility to manufacture parts with filigree structures, and the considerable amount of knowledge available for 316L in its conventional variant, the mechanical behavior, and related microstructure-property relationships of PBF-LB/316L are increasingly subject of research. However, many aspects regarding the - application-relevant - mechanical behavior at high temperatures are not yet fully understood. Here, we present the results of an experimental study on the LCF behavior of PBF-LB/316L featuring a low defect population, which makes this study more microstructure-focused than most of the studies in the literature. The LCF tests were performed between room temperature (RT) and 600 °C. The mechanical response is characterized by strain-life curves, and hysteresis and cyclic deformation curves. The damage and deformation mechanisms are studied with X-ray computed tomography, and optical and electron microscopy. The PBF-LB/M/316L was heat treated at 450 °C for 4 h, and a hot‑rolled (HR) 316L variant with a fully recrystallized equiaxed microstructure was tested as a reference. Besides, selected investigations were performed after a subsequent heat treatment at 900 °C for 1 h. The PBF-LB/316L exhibits higher cyclic stresses than HR/316L for most of the fatigue life, especially at room temperature. At the smallest strain amplitudes, the fatigue lives of PBF-LB/M/316L are markedly shorter than in HR/316L. The main damage mechanisms are multiple cracking at slip bands (RT) and intergranular cracking (600 °C). Neither the melt pool boundaries nor the gas porosity have a significant influence on the LCF damage mechanism. The cyclic stress-strain deformation behavior of PBF-LB/M/316L features an initial hardening followed by a continuous softening. The additional heat treatment at 900 °C for 1 h led to decreased cyclic stresses, and a longer fatigue life. T2 - 4th Symposium on Materials and Additive Manufacturing CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.06.2024 KW - AGIL KW - 316L KW - Microstructure KW - Low Cycle Fatigue KW - Heat Treatment KW - Laser Poeder Bed Fusion PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60432 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bhadeliya, Ashok A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Fedelich, Bernard A1 - Jokisch, T. A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen T1 - Fatigue and fracture in dual-material specimens of nickel-based alloys fabricated by hybrid additive manufacturing N2 - The integration of additive manufacturing with traditional processes, termed hybrid additive manufacturing, has expanded its application domain, particularly in the repair of gas turbine blade tips. However, process-related defects in additively manufactured materials, interface formation, and material property mismatches in dual-material structures can significantly impact the fatigue performance of components. This investigation examines the low cycle fatigue and fatigue crack growth behaviors in dual-material specimens of nickel-based alloys, specifically the additively manufactured STAL15 and the cast alloy 247DS, at elevated temperatures. Low cycle fatigue experiments were conducted at temperatures of 950 °C and 1000 °C under a range of strain levels (0.3%–0.8%) and fatigue crack growth tests were conducted at 950 °C with stress ratios of 0.1 and −1. Fractographic and microscopic analyses were performed to comprehend fatigue crack initiation and crack growth mechanisms in the dual-material structure. The results consistently indicated crack initiation and fatigue fracture in the additively manufactured STAL15 material. Notably, fatigue crack growth retardation was observed near the interface when the crack extended from the additively manufactured STAL15 material to the perpendicularly positioned interface. This study highlights the importance of considering yield strength mismatch, as well as the potential effects of residual stresses and grain structure differences, in the interpretation of fatigue crack growth behavior at the interface. KW - Hybrid additive manufacturing KW - Dual-material nickel-based alloys KW - High-temperature fatigue crack growth KW - Low cycle fatigue PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-609340 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.211 SN - 2238-7854 VL - 32 SP - 3737 EP - 3749 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-60934 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Norouzi, Ebrahim A1 - Sack, Harald A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Performance Evaluation of Upper‐Level Ontologies in Developing Materials Science Ontologies and Knowledge Graphs N2 - This study tackles a significant challenge in ontology development for materials science: selecting the most appropriate upper‐level ontologies for creating application‐level ontologies and knowledge graphs. Focusing on the use case of Brinell hardness testing, the research assesses the performance of various top‐level ontologies (TLOs)—basic formal ontology (BFO), elementary multiperspective material ontology (EMMO), and provenance ontology (PROVO)—in developing Brinell testing ontologies (BTOs). Consequently, three versions of BTOs are created using combinations of these TLOs along with their integrated mid‐ and domain‐level ontologies. The performance of these ontologies is evaluated based on ten parameters: semantic richness, domain coverage, extensibility, complexity, mapping efficiency, query efficiency, integration with other ontologies, adaptability to different data contexts, community acceptance, and documentation and maintainability. The results show that all candidate TLOs can effectively develop BTOs, each with its distinct advantages. BFO provides a well‐structured, understandable hierarchy, and excellent query efficiency, making it suitable for integration across various ontologies and applications. PROVO demonstrates balanced performance with strong integration capabilities. Meanwhile, EMMO offers high semantic richness and domain coverage, though its complex structure impacts query efficiency and integration with other ontologies. KW - Materials Science KW - Ontology KW - Knowledge Graph PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612227 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202401534 SN - 1527-2648 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-61222 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sonntag, Nadja A1 - Piesker, Benjamin A1 - Ávila Calderón, Luis A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo A1 - Hilgenberg, Kai A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Tensile and Low‐Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Laser Powder Bed Fused Inconel 718 at Room and High Temperature N2 - This study investigates the room‐ and high‐temperature (650 °C) tensile and low‐cycle‐fatigue behavior of Inconel 718 produced by laser powder bed fusion (PBF‐LB/M) with a four‐step heat treatment and compares the results to the conventional wrought material. The microstructure after heat treatment is characterized on different length scales. Compared to the wrought variant, the elastic and yield properties are comparable at both test temperatures while tensile strength, ductility, and strain hardening capacity are lower. The fatigue life of the PBF‐LB/M variant at room temperature is slightly lower than that of the wrought material, while at 650 °C, it is vice versa. The cyclic stress response for both material variants is characterized by cyclic softening, which is more pronounced at the higher test temperature. High strain amplitudes (≥0.7%) at room temperature and especially a high testing temperature result in the formation of multiple secondary cracks at the transitions of regions comprising predominantly elongated grain morphology and columns of stacked grains with ripple patterns in the PBF‐LB/M material. This observation and pronounced crack branching and deflection indicate that the cracks are controlled by sharp micromechanical gradients and local crystallite clusters. KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Fatigue damage KW - Heat treatment KW - Inconel 718 KW - Laser powder bed fusion KW - Low-cycle fatigue KW - Tensile strength PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-599316 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202302122 SN - 1527-2648 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-59931 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bhadeliya, Ashok A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Fedelich, Bernard A1 - Jokisch, T. A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen T1 - Fatigue crack growth behavior of Alloy 247DS brazed joints at high temperatures N2 - Gas turbine components made of nickel-based alloys can be repaired through diffusion brazing. However, process-induced imperfections, defects within the brazing zone, and material property mismatches between the braze alloy and base material may facilitate crack initiation and propagation, ultimately leading to early component failure. To gain insight into the crack growth mechanism and quantitatively characterize fatigue crack growth behavior within brazing zones, fatigue crack growth (FCG) experiments were conducted on brazed joint specimens of nickel-based alloy Alloy 247DS at a temperature of 950 ◦C and a stress ratio R = 0.1. The FCG tests were complemented by fractographic and microstructural analyses, to elucidate the relationship between crack growth mechanisms and the microstructure of the brazed joint. The results demonstrate stable crack propagation within the brazing zone and the nickel-based braze alloy. The latter contains brittle eutectic boride phases and intermetallic phases that reduce the resistance to crack propagation compared to the parent material. This study demonstrates the applicability of standard FCG experimental procedures to fusion zones, thereby enabling a preliminary understanding of crack growth behavior in brazing zones. KW - Diffusion brazing KW - High-temperature fatigue crack growth KW - Nickel-based alloys KW - Alloy 247DS PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-615250 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2024.147488 SN - 0921-5093 VL - 918 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-61525 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Hanke, Thomas A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Semantic Representation of Low‐Cycle‐Fatigue Testing Data Using a Fatigue Test Ontology and ckan.kupferdigital Data Management System N2 - Addressing a strategy for publishing open and digital research data, this article presents the approach for streamlining and automating the process of storage and conversion of research data to those of semantically queryable data on the web. As the use case for demonstrating and evaluating the digitalization process, the primary datasets from low‐cycle‐fatigue testing of several copper alloys are prepared. The fatigue test ontology (FTO) and ckan.kupferdigital data management system are developed as two main prerequisites of the data digitalization process. FTO has been modeled according to the content of the fatigue testing standard and by reusing the basic formal ontology, industrial ontology foundry core ontology, and material science and engineering ontology. The ckan.kupferdigital data management system is also constructed in such a way that enables the users to prepare the protocols for mapping the datasets into the knowledge graph and automatically convert all the primary datasets to those machine‐readable data which are represented by the web ontology language. The retrievability of the converted digital data is also evaluated by querying the example competency questions, confirming that ckan.kupferdigital enables publishing open data that can be highly reused in the semantic web. KW - Accessible KW - CKAN KW - Interoperable KW - Digitalizations KW - Ontologies KW - Reusable data KW - Fatigue testing PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604991 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adem.202400675 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202400675 SN - 1527-2648 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-60499 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Han, Ying T1 - The influence of overaging on high cycle fatigue of Al-alloy EN AW-2618A N2 - The aluminum alloy EN AW-2618A (2618A) is a precipitation hardened high strength alloy that is used at elevated temperatures in the transportation and aerospace industries. The main alloying elements are Cu and Mg which form a coarse intermetallic primary phase (Al9FeNi) of several µm in size. This phase is responsible for the long-term high temperature creep resistance. The basic strength is due to the precipitation of the so-called S-phase (Al2CuMg) of nm-size, which is known to coarsen during service at elevated temperatures. Previous projects have characterized the alloy in terms of strength, low cycle fatigue (LCF) and creep behavior, especially at high temperatures (up to 190 °C). Both the T61 and overaged states were used. In addition, the microstructural changes associated with overaging were extensively studied and quantified microscopically [1-2]. However, data on high cycle fatigue (HCF) is still very limited. Therefore, this study [3] investigates the influence of overaging on HCF of 2618A. For this purpose, axial HCF tests were performed at room temperature on two overaged states which are aged for 10 h and 1000 h at 230 °C. Electron microscopy was used to characterize the coarsening of the S-phase from the two overaged states. Fractographic studies were also performed to investigate the influence of the primary phase on the fatigue life. T2 - MSE 2024 CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 24.09.2024 KW - Fatigue KW - Aluminum alloy KW - EN AW-2618A PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61188 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - Transforming Materials Science with ontologies, ELN, and LIMS: Semantic Web Solutions for Digitalization and Data Excellence N2 - Following the new paradigm of materials development, design and optimization, digitalization is the main goal in materials sciences (MS) which imposes a huge challenge. In this respect, the quality assurance of processes and output data as well as the interoperability between applications following FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability, reusability) principles are to be ensured. For storage, processing, and querying of data in contextualized form, Semantic Web Technologies (SWT) are used since they allow for machine-understandable and human-readable knowledge representations needed for data management, retrieval, and (re)use. The project ‘platform MaterialDigital’ (PMD) is part of an initiative that aims to bring together and support interested parties from both industrial and academic sectors in a sustainable manner in solving digitalization tasks and implementing digital solutions. Therefore, the establishment of a virtual material data space and the systematization of the handling of hierarchical, process-dependent material data are focused. Core points to be dealt with are the development of agreements on data structures and interfaces implemented in distinct software tools and to offer users specific added values in their projects. Furthermore, the platform contributes to a standardized description of data processing methods in materials research. In this respect, selected MSE methods are ontologically represented which are supposed to serve as best practice examples with respect to knowledge representation and the creation of knowledge graphs used for material data. Accordingly, this presentation shows the efforts taken within the PMD project to store data in accordance with a testing standard compliant ontological representation of a tensile test of metals at room temperature (ISO 6892-1:2019-11). This includes the path from developing an ontology in accordance with the respective standard up to connecting the ontology and data. The semantic connection of the ontology and data leads to interoperability and an enhanced ability of querying. For further enhanced reusability of data and knowledge from synthesis, production, and characterization of materials, the PMD core ontology (PMDco) was developed as mid-level ontology in the field of MSE. The semantic connection of the tensile test ontology (TTO) to the PMDco leads to enhanced expressivity and interoperability. Moreover, as a best practice example, generation and acquisition of test data semantically connected to the ontology (data mapping) was realized by applying an electronic laboratory notebook (ELN). Corresponding tensile tests were performed by materials science students at university. This enabled a fully digitally integrated experimental procedure that can be transferred to other test series and experiments. In addition to facilitating the acquisition, analysis, processing, and (re)usability of data, this also raises the awareness of students with respect to data structuring and semantic technologies in the sense of education and training. The entire data pipeline is further seamlessly integrable in a laboratory information management system (LIMS). More specifically, the integration of semantic conceptualization and knowledge graphs may become essential parts in LIMS as this would be very beneficial. Therefore, some first approaches of SWT integration in LIMS will also be presented briefly. T2 - TMS Specialty Congress 2024 CY - Cleveland, OH, USA DA - 16.06.2024 KW - Semantic Data KW - Plattform Material Digital KW - Tensile Test Ontology KW - Electronic Lab Notebook KW - Material Life Cycle PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60394 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Tensile stress relaxation test ontology (TSRTO) N2 - Tensile Stress Relaxation Test Ontology (TSRTO) has developed for representing the tensile stress relaxation testing process, testing equipment requirements, test pieces charactristics, and related testing parameters and their measurement procedure according to DIN EN ISO 10319-1 standard. Versions info: V1 developed using BFO+CCO top-level ontologies. V3 developed using PROV+PMDco top-level ontologies. Repositories: GitLab: https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/relaxation-test GitHub: https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Tensile-Stress-Relaxation-Test-Ontology-TSRTO MatPortal: https://matportal.org/ontologies/TSRTO IndustryPortal: https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/TSRTO KW - Ontology KW - Tensile stress relaxation testing KW - FAIR data PY - 2024 UR - https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/relaxation-test UR - https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Tensile-Stress-Relaxation-Test-Ontology-TSRTO UR - https://matportal.org/ontologies/TSRTO UR - https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/TSRTO PB - GitLab CY - San Francisco, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-60546 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ávila Calderón, Luis T1 - Research Data Management for Creep Reference Data of Ni Based Superalloys N2 - In times of digital data processing and sharing, a central challenge for the Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) community is the complete digital representation of materials, including their relevant processing and microstructure details and the resulting properties. This digital representation, supported by digital infrastructures, enables entirely new qualities of collaborative work and is central to how we will conduct MSE research and develop products in the future. The main challenges are the composition, shaping, and description of the data so that it can be easily interpreted, trusted, and re-used. This presentation introduces our current effort to develop a best practice framework for generating and distributing creep reference datasets for Ni-based superalloys, which builds on previous approaches. Researchers can use such datasets to compare their own experimental or simulation results, used, for instance, to perform simulation-based alloy design and optimization or in the verification of the own testing equipment. The concept includes building an easily accessible digital infrastructure to annotate and discover the datasets and the integration of an ontology that aligns with the necessary metadata schema. With the help of an ontology, the reference dataset for creep can be semantically described, thus enabling the digital representation and reusage of shared concepts from domain experts and the community. To achieve this, it is necessary to establish a defined vocabulary with corresponding relations and annotations. The interplay between a digital infrastructure, the agreement on the necessary metadata and related metadata schema, and an underlying ontology will ensure that data and results can be easily shared, taken up, and re-used, thus fulfilling the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable). Furthermore, we aim to develop a widely accepted definition of reference data and data quality levels and to reach a self-supported community process. We intend to motivate the discussion about reference material datasets, necessary metadata, and future collaborations within the creep community. T2 - 16th International Conference on Creep and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures CY - Bangalore, India DA - 28.07.2024 KW - Reference Data KW - Creep KW - Data schema KW - Research Data Management PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60837 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zia, Ghezal Ahmad Jan A1 - Hanke, Thomas A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Völker, Christoph A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd T1 - Enhancing Reproducibility in Precipitate Analysis: A FAIR Approach with Automated Dark-Field Transmission Electron Microscope Image Processing N2 - AbstractHigh-strength aluminum alloys used in aerospace and automotive applications obtain their strength through precipitation hardening. Achieving the desired mechanical properties requires precise control over the nanometer-sized precipitates. However, the microstructure of these alloys changes over time due to aging, leading to a deterioration in strength. Typically, the size, number, and distribution of precipitates for a quantitative assessment of microstructural changes are determined by manual analysis, which is subjective and time-consuming. In our work, we introduce a progressive and automatable approach that enables a more efficient, objective, and reproducible analysis of precipitates. The method involves several sequential steps using an image repository containing dark-field transmission electron microscopy (DF-TEM) images depicting various aging states of an aluminum alloy. During the process, precipitation contours are generated and quantitatively evaluated, and the results are comprehensibly transferred into semantic data structures. The use and deployment of Jupyter Notebooks, along with the beneficial implementation of Semantic Web technologies, significantly enhances the reproducibility and comparability of the findings. This work serves as an exemplar of FAIR image and research data management. KW - Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering KW - General Materials Science KW - Automated image analysis KW - FAIR research data management KW - Reproducibility KW - microstructural changes PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-593905 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40192-023-00331-5 SN - 2193-9772 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC CY - Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-59390 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bhadeliya, Ashok A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Fedelich, Bernard A1 - Jokisch, Torsten A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen T1 - High Temperature Fatigue Crack Growth in Nickel-Based Alloys Refurbished by Additive Manufacturing N2 - Hybrid additive manufacturing plays a crucial role in the restoration of gas turbine blades, where, e.g., the damaged blade tip is reconstructed by the additive manufacturing process on the existing blade made of a parent nickel-based alloy. However, inherent process-related defects in additively manufactured material, along with the interface created between the additively manufactured and the cast base material, impact the fatigue crack growth behavior in bi-material components. This study investigates the fatigue crack growth behavior in bi-material specimens of nickel-based alloys, specifically, additively manufactured STAL15 and cast alloy 247DS. The tests were conducted at 950 °C with stress ratios of 0.1 and −1. Metallographic and fractographic investigations were carried out to understand crack growth mechanisms. The results revealed significant retardation in crack growth at the interface. This study highlights the potential contributions of residual stresses and microstructural differences to the observed crack growth retardation phenomenon, along with the conclusion from an earlier study on the effect of yield strength mismatch on crack growth behavior at a perpendicular interface in bi-material specimens. T2 - Superalloys 2024 Conference CY - Champion, Pennsylvania, USA DA - 08.09.2024 KW - Fatigue crack growth KW - Bi-material structure KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Nickel-based alloys PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-031-63937-1 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63937-1_92 SN - 2367-1181 SN - 2367-1696 VL - 15th SP - 994 EP - 1001 PB - Springer CY - Cham AN - OPUS4-60907 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Charmi, Amir T1 - A multiscale numerical framework for the simulation of anistropic material response of additively manufactured stainless steel 316L undergoing large plastic deformation N2 - Additive manufacturing (AM) offers significantly greater freedom of design compared to conventional manufacturing processes since the final parts are built layer by layer. This enables metal AM, also known as metal 3D printing, to be utilized for improving efficiency and functionality, for the production of parts with very complex geometries, and rapid prototyping. However, despite many technological advancements made in recent years, several challenges hinder the mass adoption of metal AM. One of these challenges is mechanical anisotropy which describes the dependency of material properties on the material orientation. Therefore, in this work, stainless steel 316L parts produced by laser-based powder bed fusion are used to isolate and understand the root cause of anisotropy in AM parts. Furthermore, an efficient and accurate multiscale numerical framework is presented for predicting the deformation behavior of actual AM parts on the macroscale undergoing large plastic deformations. Finally, a novel constitutive model for the plastic spin is formulated to capture the influence of the microstructure evolution on the material behavior on the macroscale. KW - Additive Fertigung KW - Austenitischer Stahl KW - Finite-Elemente-Methode KW - Mehrskalenmodell KW - Simulation PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:wim2-20240207-173356-002 DO - https://doi.org/10.25643/dbt.59550 SP - 1 EP - 163 PB - Bauhaus-Universität Weimar CY - Weimar AN - OPUS4-59511 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schröder, Jakob T1 - Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Fundamentals of Diffraction-Based Residual Stress Determination N2 - The general term additive manufacturing (AM) encompasses processes that enable the production of parts in a single manufacturing step. Among these, laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) is one of the most commonly used to produce metal components. In essence, a laser locally melts powder particles in a powder bed layer-by-layer to incrementally build a part. As a result, this process offers immense manufacturing flexibility and superior geometric design capabilities compared to conventional processes. However, these advantages come at a cost: the localized processing inevitably induces large thermal gradients, resulting in the formation of large thermal stress during manufacturing. In the best case, residual stress remains in the final parts produced as a footprint of this thermal stress. Since residual stress is well known to exacerbate the structural integrity of components, their assessment is important in two respects. First, to optimize process parameter to minimize residual stress magnitudes. Second, to study their effect on the structural integrity of components (e.g., validation of numerical models). Therefore, a reliable experimental assessment of residual stress is an important factor for the successful application of PBF-LB. In this context, diffraction-based techniques allow the non-destructive characterization of the residual stress. In essence, lattice strain is calculated from interplanar distances by application of Braggs law. From the known lattice strain, macroscopic stress can be determined using Hooke’s law. To allow the accurate assessment of the residual stress distribution by such methods, a couple of challenges in regard of the characteristic PBF-LB microstructures need to be overcome. This presentation highlights some of the challenges regarding the accurate assessment of residual stress in PBF-LB on the example of the Nickel-based alloy Inconel 718. The most significant influencing factors are the use of the correct diffraction elastic constants, the choice of the stress-free reference, and the consideration of the crystallographic texture. Further, it is shown that laboratory X-ray diffraction methods characterizing residual stress at the surface are biased by the inherent surface roughness. Overall, the impact of the characteristic microstructure is most significant for the selection of the correct diffraction elastic constants. In view of the localized melting and solidification, no significant gradients of the stress-free reference are observed, even though the cell-like solidification sub-structure is known to be heterogeneous on the micro-scale. T2 - 4th Symposium on Materials and Additive Manufacturing CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.06.2024 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Residual Stress KW - Electron Backscatter Diffraction KW - Laser Powder Bed Fusion PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60294 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bhadeliya, Ashok T1 - High Temperature Fatigue Crack Growth in Nickel-Based Alloys Refurbished by Additive Manufacturing and Brazing N2 - Hybrid additive manufacturing plays a crucial role in the restoration of gas turbine blades, where e.g., the damaged blade tip is reconstructed by the additive manufacturing process on the existing blade made of a parent nickel-based alloy. However, inherent process-related defects in additively manufactured material, along with the interface created between the additively manufactured and the cast base material, impact the fatigue crack growth behavior in bi-material components. This study investigates the fatigue crack growth behavior in bi-material specimens of nickel-based alloys, specifically, additively manufactured STAL15 and cast alloy 247DS. The tests were conducted at 950 °C with stress ratios of 0.1 and -1. Metallographic and fractographic investigations were carried out to understand crack growth mechanisms. The results revealed significant retardation in crack growth at the interface. This study highlights the potential contributions of residual stresses and microstructural differences to the observed crack growth retardation phenomenon, along with the conclusion from an earlier study on the effect of yield strength mismatch on crack growth behavior at a perpendicular interface in bi-material specimens. T2 - Superalloys 2024 Conference CY - Champion, PA, USA DA - 08.09.2024 KW - Fatigue crack growth KW - Bi-material structure KW - Nickel-based alloys KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Brazing PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61047 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Bauer, Felix A1 - Uhlemann, Patrick A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - KupferDigital mechanical testing datasets: Stress relaxation and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests N2 - The KupferDigital project deals with the development of a data ecosystem for digital materials research on the basis of ontology-based digital representations of copper and copper alloys. This document provides exemplary mechanical testing datasets for training the developed KupferDigital infrastructures. Different types of cast copper alloys were provided for this research and their mechanical testing (stress relaxation and low-cycle fatigue) was performed in the accredited materials testing laboratory, while the test results were reported according to the DIN/ISO standards and attached with the maximum possible metadata about the sample history, equipment, and calibration. The attached content file consisted of the obtained primary raw testing data as well as the secondary datasets of these tests containing the detailed metadata of mechanical testing methods. Such test data files are processed by the KupferDigital digital tools to be converted to standardized machine-readable data files. KW - Copper alloys KW - Dataset KW - Stress relaxation KW - Mechanical testing KW - Low-cycle fatigue. PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10820437 PB - Zenodo CY - Geneva AN - OPUS4-59665 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Singh, Shobhit T1 - Accelerated Creep Testing in High- Temperature Alloys N2 - This study introduces an innovative method for efficiently determining the creep properties of high-temperature materials through high-throughput testing, employing digital image correlation [1,2]. The focus is on the AlCoCrFeNiTi alloy [3-5], synthesized by directional solidification, known for its exceptional strength and unique properties. Experimental investigations, including compression, and bending creep tests, were conducted at 750°C. Capitalizing on the inhomogeneous stress and strain distribution within a cantilever subjected to bending, we leverage this characteristic to extract multiple creep curves from a single test. Stresses at key points were determined using existing analytical solutions [5,6]. Uniaxial tests spanning 300 to 500 MPa initial stress were complemented by bending tests designed to induce similar stress levels. A detailed comparison between bending and uniaxial creep is presented, including the results of verification studies on additional alloys. This methodology not only expedites testing but also minimizes material usage, energy consumption, and manual labour. This research showcases a reliable and time-efficient approach to exploring the creep behavior of high-temperature materials. The technique is particularly advantageous for characterizing precious alloys with limited dimensions. Microstructural heterogeneity may exist in specimens tested under bending load, however, it can still be correlated to the mechanical properties with modern high-resolution characterization methods. Stress and resulting strain can be directly compared in a single specimen, ensuring uniform manufacturing, and heating history. This method eliminates the possible errors due to testing with different rigs, which could impair the accuracy of studies based on individual tests. T2 - International Conference on Creep and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures CY - Bengaluru, KA, India DA - 28.07.2024 KW - Digital Image Correlation KW - Creep KW - High-Temperature Materials PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60925 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Hanke, Thomas A1 - Chen, Yue T1 - Brinell test ontology (BTO) N2 - Brinell Test Ontology (BTO) has developed for representing the Brinell testing process, testing equipment requirements, test pieces charactristics, and related testing parameters and their measurement procedure according to DIN EN ISO 6506-1 standard. Versions info: V2 developed using BFO+CCO top-level ontologies. V3 developed using EMMO+CHAMEO top-level ontologies. V4 developed using PROVO+PMDco top-level ontologies. V5 developed using BFO+IOF top-level ontologies. Repositories: GitLab: https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/brinell-hardness-test GitHub: https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Brinell-Test-Ontology-BTO- MatPortal: https://matportal.org/ontologies/BTO IndustryPortal: https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/BTO KW - Ontology KW - Knowledge graph KW - Data mapping KW - Brinell hardness KW - FAIR data PY - 2024 UR - https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/brinell-hardness-test UR - https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Brinell-Test-Ontology-BTO- UR - https://matportal.org/ontologies/BTO UR - https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/BTO PB - GitLab CY - San Francisco, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-60543 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Digital representation of materials testing data for semantic web analytics: Tensile stress relaxation testing use case N2 - This study aims to represent an approach for transferring the materials testing datasets to the digital schema that meets the prerequisites of the semantic web. As a use case, the tensile stress relaxation testing method was evaluated and the testing datasets for several copper alloys were prepared. The tensile stress relaxation testing ontology (TSRTO) was modeled following the test standard requirements and by utilizing the appropriate upper-level ontologies. Eventually, mapping the testing datasets into the knowledge graph and converting the data-mapped graphs to the machine-readable Resource Description Framework (RDF) schema led to the preparation of the digital version of testing data which can be efficiently queried on the web. KW - Digitalization KW - Tensile stress relaxation KW - Ontology KW - Mechanical testing KW - Semantic web PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.4028/p-xSmHN2 VL - 987 SP - 47 EP - 52 PB - Trans Tech Publications Ltd CY - Switzerland AN - OPUS4-61152 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein T1 - Platform MaterialDigital (PMD) approach for the integration and management of FAIR low cycle fatigue (LCF) testing data N2 - This study represents the generation and storage of findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) fatigue testing data by utilizing the Platform MaterialDigital (PMD) core ontology (PMDco) as well as some containerized PMD-server applications. Based on the specifications of the ISO 12106:2017-03 standard [1] and the acquired test reports of the mechanical testing facility, a highly comprehensive process graph of the fatigue testing procedure was created. Consequently, the PROV Ontology (PROVO) and PMDco [2] were used as upper-level ontologies to model the fatigue testing ontology (FTO). A part of the FTO classes hierarchy is shown in Fig. 1, where all the concepts of test procedure, test apparatus, test piece, and test properties were respectively located in the appropriate hierarchies of pmd:Process (prov:Activity), pmd:ProcessingNode (prov:Agent), pmd:Object (prov:Entity), and pmd:ValueObject (prov:Entity) classes. FTO is publicly available via the GitLab repository [3]. Reusing these upper-level ontologies and materials testing standards not only improves FTO's compatibility with other ontologies but also ensures its acceptance and deployment in industry [4]. The fatigue testing process graph has also been designed in such a manner that it allows for the entire mapping of testing metadata. In this respect, low-cycle fatigue (LCF) experiments were carried out on several cast copper alloys at various strain ratios, and the resulting CSV test report files were stored in a public repository [5]. Eventually, the processes of mapping the experimental test data into the fatigue process graph, converting the RDF data, storage of the triples in a triple store, and SPARQL query from the obtained triples are evaluated by different PMD-based tools like PMD OntoDocker [6]. T2 - MSE2024 CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 24.09.2024 KW - Digitalization KW - FAIR KW - Low cycle fatigue PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61151 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Suárez Ocano, Patricia T1 - Effect of heat treatment on the hierarchical microstructure and properties of 316L stainless steel produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M). N2 - Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) of AISI 316L stainless steel has gained popularity due to its exceptional capacity to produce complex geometries and hierarchical microstructures, which can increase the yield strength while maintaining good ductility. Nevertheless, owing to high thermal gradients encountered during the process, the as printed 316L stainless steel often exhibit microstructural heterogeneities and residual stresses, which can limit its performance in demanding environments. Hence, employing heat treatments which balance the reduction of residual stresses while retaining improved static strength may be beneficial in various scenarios and applications. This study investigates the impact of post-processing heat treatments on the microstructure of 316L stainless steel manufactured via PBF-LB/M, along with its correlation with micro-hardness properties. To this end, 6 different heat treatments, i.e., 450 °C for 4h, 700 °C for 1h, 700 °C for 3h, 800 °C for 1h, 800 °C for 3h, and 900 °C for 1h, were applied to different specimens and Vickers hardness measurements (HV1) were performed in all states. At 800 °C, although the cellular structure appears to be retained, there is an observable increase in cellular size. However, while treatments exceeding 900 °C indicate no significant grain growth compared to other conditions, the cellular structure is entirely dissolved, which leads to a reduced Vickers hardness. The effect of the heat treatments on other microstructural features such as grain size and morphology, melt pool boundaries (MPB), crystallographic texture, chemical segregation, dispersoids and phase stability are also discussed in the present work T2 - 4th Symposium on Materials and Additive Manufacturing CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.06.2024 KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Heat treatment KW - Microstructure PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60304 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein T1 - Digital representation of materials testing data for semantic web analytics: Tensile stress relaxation testing use case N2 - This study aims to represent an approach for transferring the materials testing datasets to the digital schema that meets the prerequisites of the semantic web. As a use case, the tensile stress relaxation testing method was evaluated and the testing datasets for several copper alloys were prepared. The tensile stress relaxation testing ontology (TSRTO) was modeled following the test standard requirements and by utilizing the appropriate upper-level ontologies. Eventually, mapping the testing datasets into the knowledge graph and converting the data-mapped graphs to the machine-readable Resource Description Framework (RDF) schema led to the preparation of the digital version of testing data which can be efficiently queried on the web. T2 - ICMDA 2024: 7th International Conference on Materials Design and Applications CY - Tokyo, Japan  DA - 09.04.2024 KW - Digitalization KW - Tensile stress relaxation KW - Ontology KW - Mechanical testing KW - Semantic web PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59979 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ávila Calderón, Luis T1 - Framework for Curation and Distribution of Reference Datasets on the Example of Creep Data of Ni- Based Superalloys N2 - This presentation introduces our current effort to develop a best practice framework for generating and distributing MSE reference datasets using creep data of Ni-based superalloys as an example, building on previous approaches. Such reference datasets can be used in the verification of testing equipment or to compare experimental or simulation results among different laboratories or collaborative centers. Our framework concept, for reference data, includes the generation of the data along with an agreement on the necessary metadata, considering the intended usage, and the integration into an easily accessible digital infrastructure to annotate and discover/distribute the datasets using a metadata schema accordingly aligned to a domain ontology. T2 - International Materials Science and Engineering Congress - MSE 2024 CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 24.09.2024 KW - Referenzdaten KW - Digitalisierung KW - Data schema KW - NFDI-MatWerk KW - Datenschema KW - FAIR PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61175 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Fatigue test ontology (FTO) N2 - Fatigue Test Ontology (FTO) has developed for representing the fatigue testing process, testing equipment requirements, test pieces charactristics, and related testing parameters and their measurement procedure according to DIN EN ISO 12106 standard. Versions info: V2 developed using PROVO+PMDco top-level ontologies. V3 developed using BFO+IOF top-level ontologies. Repositories: GitLab: https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/lcf-test GitHub: https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Fatigue-Test-Ontology-FTO- MatPortal: https://matportal.org/ontologies/FTO IndustryPortal: https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/FTO KW - Ontology KW - Fatigue testing KW - FAIR data PY - 2024 UR - https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/lcf-test UR - https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Fatigue-Test-Ontology-FTO- UR - https://matportal.org/ontologies/FTO UR - https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/FTO PB - GitLab CY - San Francisco, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-60547 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Preparing and structuring experimental laboratory data for the publication of reference data N2 - Using a practical example, this contribution provides an insight into the procedure for processing and structuring experimental elastic modulus data (Young's modulus, E, shear modulus, G), which were determined using the resonance method for three different metallic materials [1]. The data were internally audited as BAM reference data. By reference data, we mean research data that have been measured (or simulated) to a particularly high standard and are well-documented concerning material processing, testing, and data evaluation. The datasets include information on processing routes and parameters, heat treatments, grain size, specimen dimensions, weight, and Young’s and shear modulus along with their measurement uncertainty. The processing routes and measuring methods are described in detail. The data structure is shown in Fig. 1. The datasets were generated in an accredited testing lab and are hosted in the open data repository Zenodo [2-4]. The comprehensive documentation of the metadata, which is linked to the intended usages of the dataset, and the sharing in a machine-readable structured format in an open repository represents an important step towards fulfilling the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, Reusable) principles. The publication of a data descriptor article increases the visibility of the dataset in the targeted community. T2 - MSE2024 CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 24.09.2024 KW - Reference data KW - Young's modulus PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61144 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Fatigue Behavior at Elevated Temperature of Alloy EN AW-2618A N2 - The influence of test temperature and frequency on the fatigue life of the alloy EN AW-2618A (2618A) was characterized. The overaged condition (T61 followed by 1000 h/230 °C) was investigated in load-controlled tests with a stress ratio of R = -1 and two test frequencies (0.2 Hz, 20 Hz) at room temperature and at 230°C, respectively. An increase in the test temperature reduces fatigue life, whereby this effect is more pronounced at lower stress amplitudes. Decreasing the test frequency in tests at high temperatures further reduces the service life. T2 - ICAA19 International Conference on Aluminum Alloys CY - Atlanta, GA, USA DA - 23.06.2024 KW - Aluminium alloy KW - EN AW 2618A KW - Fatigue KW - Overaging KW - Damage behavior PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60426 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - Seamless Science: Navigating Daily Lab Life through Semantic Data Integration, Electronic Lab Notebooks, and Knowledge Graphs in the Era of MSE Digitalization N2 - The field of materials science and engineering (MSE) is currently experiencing a significant paradigm shift towards enhanced digitalization which imposes a huge challenge on researchers, scientists, engineers, and technicians. In this respect, the quality assurance of processes and output data as well as the interoperability between applications following FAIR principles are to be ensured. For storage, processing, and querying of data in contextualized form, Semantic Web technologies (SWT) are used as they allow for machine-actionable and human-readable knowledge representations needed for data management, retrieval, and (re)use. The collaborative project ‘platform MaterialDigital’ (PMD) aims to solve digitalization tasks and implement digital solutions in the field of MSE in a prototypical manner. Therefore, the establishment of a virtual material data space and the systematization of the handling of hierarchical, process-dependent material data are focused. In this respect, selected MSE methods are semantically represented which are supposed to serve as best practice examples with respect to knowledge representation and the creation of knowledge graphs used for material data. Accordingly, this presentation shows the efforts taken within PMD to store data in accordance with a testing standard compliant semantic representation of a tensile test of metals at room temperature (ISO 6892-1:2019-11). A semantic link of the corresponding tensile test ontology (TTO) and data leads to enhanced data useability and interoperability. The PMD core ontology (PMDco), developed in PMD and used as mid-level ontology in TTO, is also presented briefly. Moreover, as a best practice example, the acquisition of tensile test data with subsequent generation of knowledge graph data by semantic interconnection using TTO was realized by applying an electronic laboratory notebook (ELN). Corresponding tensile tests were performed by undergraduate MSE students at the Technical University of Darmstadt. The resulting data pipeline, also illustrated in the presentation, enabled a fully-fledged digitally integrated experimental procedure, the approach of which may be transferred to other test series and experiments. In addition to facilitating the acquisition, analysis, processing, and (re)usability of data, this also raises the awareness of students with respect to data structuring and semantic technologies in terms of education and training. T2 - Materials Science and Engineering Congress 2024 CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 24.09.2024 KW - FAIR KW - Plattform Material Digital KW - Digitalization KW - Data Interoperability KW - Electronic Lab Notebook KW - Education PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61138 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ávila Calderón, Luis T1 - Low-cycle-fatigue behavior of stainless steel 316L manufactured by laser powder bed fusion N2 - This contribution presents the results of an experimental study on the LCF behavior of an austenitic 316L stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion featuring a low defect population, which allows for an improved understanding of the role of other typical aspects of a PBF‑LB microstructure. The LCF tests were performed between room temperature and 600 °C. A hot‑rolled 316L variant was tested as a reference. The mechanical response is characterized by strain-life curves, a Coffin‑Manson‑Basquin fitting, and cyclic deformation curves. The damage and deformation mechanisms are studied with X-ray computed tomography, optical and electron microscopy. The PBF‑LB/M/316L exhibits lower fatigue lives at lower strain amplitudes. The crack propagation is mainly transgranular. The solidification cellular structure seems to be the most relevant underlying microstructural feature determining the cyclic deformation behavior. T2 - TMS 2024 Annual Meeting & Exhibition CY - Orlando, Florida, US DA - 03.03.2024 KW - AGIL KW - Additive Fertigung KW - Mikrostruktur KW - LCF KW - 316L PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59782 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein T1 - Nb and Cr coating the CuNi3SiCr powders for low-power laser-based powder bed fusion processing of copper alloys N2 - The laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) processing of high-density copper components is mainly performed with high laser powers due to the low laser absorption of copper powders [1-2]. Metal coating the copper particles has been investigated in this research as an approach for increasing the laser absorption of the feedstock and processing of highly dense copper alloys with low-power lasers. CuNi3SiCr powders were coated with the thin and uniform metallic shells of Nb (60 ± 10 nm) using a rotating Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering Physical Vapor Deposition (DCMS-PVD) reactor. Using such metal-coated particles, copper parts of 98.14% relative density were printed with the PBF-LB/M parameters of 200 W laser powers, 800 mm/s scanning speed, 55 µm hatch distance, and 25 µm layer thickness. The X-ray computed tomography (XCT), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) investigations show that partial oxidation of Nb-coated particles is responsible for the development of lack-of-fusion holes between the printed layers. An approach based on the nanoindentation and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) measurements was utilized to evaluate the correlation between the crystallographic orientations and mechanical properties of the produced samples. In this approach, arrays of indentations (Fig. 1a) were applied on four planes of the samples trimmed in different directions. The EBSD images of these indentation regions reveal the location of each indent in colored grains of different orientations. Here, a microstructure with columnar grains and a high texture intensity of 9.2 has been observed in the plane perpendicular to the building direction. This plane comprises a mixture of red-, green-, and blue-colored grains, while the measured average hardness (H) and indentation modulus (Er) were increased from red grains to green and blue ones, respectively (Fig. 1b). Eventually, the nanoindentation load-displacement curves of [001], [101], and [111] grains (Fig. 1c) were utilized for modeling the elastoplastic features of the produced samples. T2 - MSE2024 CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 24.09.2024 KW - Coating KW - Laser-based powder bed fusion processing KW - Copper PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61149 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beygi Nasrabadi, Hossein A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Vickers test ontology (VTO) N2 - Vickers Test Ontology (VTO) has developed for representing the Vickers testing process, testing equipment requirements, test pieces charactristics, and related testing parameters and their measurement procedure according to DIN EN ISO 6507-1 standard. Versions info: V2 developed using BFO+CCO top-level ontologies. Repositories: GitLab: https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/vickers-hardness-test GitHub: https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Vickers-Test-Ontology-VTO- MatPortal: https://matportal.org/ontologies/VTO IndustryPortal: https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/VTO KW - Ontology KW - Knowledge graph KW - Data mapping KW - Vickers hardness KW - FAIR data. PY - 2024 UR - https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/process-graphs/vickers-hardness-test UR - https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Vickers-Test-Ontology-VTO- UR - https://matportal.org/ontologies/VTO UR - https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/VTO PB - GitLab CY - San Francisco, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-60544 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - Advancing Digital Workflows in Materials Science: The Role of PMDco in Data Integration and Semantic Representation N2 - The field of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) is undergoing a transformative shift towards digitalization, emphasizing the need for structured and interoperable data management. The Platform MaterialDigital Core Ontology (PMDco), now in version 3.0, addresses these challenges by providing a robust mid-level semantic framework. PMDco bridges the gap between abstract high-level ontologies, such as the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) standardized in ISO/IEC 21838-2, and highly specific domain terminologies to ensure consistency and interoperability across diverse MSE applications. Developed through MSE community-based curation, PMDco facilitates the integration of real-world data from experiments, simulations, and industrial processes. This presentation will explore PMDco's role in enabling advanced digital workflows and its integration into demonstrators within the Platform MaterialDigital (PMD) initiative. Highlighted use cases include the semantic representation of tensile test data in compliance with ISO 6892-1:2019-11, utilizing the corresponding tensile test ontology (TTO) built on PMDco. Through an electronic laboratory notebook (ELN), data from experiments performed by undergraduate students were transformed into machine-actionable knowledge graphs, demonstrating the potential for education and fully digitalized experimental procedures. Additionally, a possible extension of PMDco as a linking point for semantically representing simulation data will be presented, aligning with the focus of VMAP. This includes linking experimental, simulation, and computational datasets to create comprehensive, FAIR-compliant knowledge ecosystems. By showcasing best practices in data acquisition, semantic integration, and knowledge graph generation, this presentation underscores PMDco’s versatility and its critical role in advancing digital MSE workflows. T2 - VMAP User Forum 2025 CY - Sankt Augustin, Germany DA - 18.02.2025 KW - Semantic Data KW - Data Integration KW - Digitalization KW - Data Interoperability KW - PMD Core Ontology PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62607 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - Digital Transformation in Materials Science through Semantic Technologies and Knowledge Graphs N2 - The field of materials science is undergoing a transformative shift driven by digitalization. In this respect, semantic and AI technologies are paving the way for advancements in materials development, design, and optimization while leaping towards an Industry 4.0 environment. Addressing the dual challenges of quality assurance and data interoperability, this presentation examines the integration of semantic technologies and knowledge representation methods. By adhering to FAIR principles, this approach enhances data management, storage, and reuse. That way, both machine-actionable and human-understandable data structures crucial for digital research environments are fostered. This presentation focuses on the ‘platform MaterialDigital’ (PMD) initiative, which aims to support efforts from both industrial and academic sectors to solve digitalization challenges and implement sustainable digital solutions. Besides establishing structures to create virtual material data spaces, PMD develops solutions for systematizing and unifying the handling of hierarchical, process-dependent material data. Semantic technologies play a crucial role in digitalization efforts as they enable the storage, processing, and querying of data in a contextualized form. Therefore, the development and prototypical application of the PMD Core Ontology 3.0 (PMDco 3.0) tailored for materials science is highlighted. This includes the design and documentation of graph patterns that may be compiled into rule-based semantic shapes. Its integration into daily lab life is demonstrated through its application to electronic lab notebooks (ELN). This illustrates potentials of standardized protocols and automation-ready solutions for managing diverse experimental data across different sources. Outlining best practices and illustrating the possibilities that semantic technologies bring to modern labs, examples from materials processing and mechanical testing will underscore how knowledge graphs bridge the gap between data and decision-making in materials science, with potential for increased productivity and streamlined workflows across the field. T2 - Materials Week 2025 CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 03.04.2025 KW - Semantic Data KW - Data Integration KW - Digitalization KW - Data Interoperability KW - PMD Core Ontology PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62866 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rosenbusch, Sjard Mathis A1 - Diercks, Philipp A1 - Kindrachuk, Vitaliy A1 - Unger, Jörg F. T1 - Integrating custom constitutive models into FEniCSx: A versatile approach and case studies N2 - The development and integration of user-defined constitutive relationships into finite element (FE) tools using standardized interfaces play a pivotal role in advancing the capabilities of FE solvers for structural mechanics applications. While commercial FE solvers like Abaqus and Ansys have designed their interfaces to provide custom stresses, tangents, and updated history variables, the open-source solver FEniCSx remains efficient only when the constitutive update has an analytical representation. This restricts the application of FEniCSx for non-linear structural mechanics. Since FEniCSx has become a powerful and popular open-source tool for solving partial differential equations, particularly due to its automatic computation of Hessians, we aim to develop a generalized interface to enhance its capability for constitutive modeling. This approach will address complex constitutive equations that require iterative solutions at the quadrature point level. Specific implementation challenges, such as using return-mapping procedures, can then be managed commonly. The provided interface for custom constitutive models offers a versatile way to implement them in various languages, including C++, Python, Rust, and Fortran. Finally, with UMATs for viscoplastic models as an example, we demonstrate how existing user subroutines can be incorporated into the interface and utilized within the FEniCSx framework. KW - Finite element method KW - Constitutive models KW - FEniCSx KW - UMAT KW - Rust KW - Python KW - C++ PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-630439 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2025.103922 SN - 0965-9978 VL - 206 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-63043 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - Plattform MaterialDigital (PMD): Konsortium, Zielsetzung, Core Ontology N2 - Die Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik (MSE) durchläuft derzeit eine digitale Transformation, die ein strukturiertes und interoperables Datenmanagement erfordert. Die Plattform MaterialDigital (PMD) adressiert diese Herausforderungen mit der PMD Core Ontology (PMDco), die inzwischen in Version 3.0 vorliegt. Diese mittlere Ontologieebene schafft eine Brücke zwischen abstrakten Top-Level-Ontologien wie der ISO/IEC 21838-2 standardisierten Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) und spezifischen domänenspezifischen Vokabularen. Ziel ist die Förderung semantischer Interoperabilität sowie die Nachvollziehbarkeit und Wiederverwendbarkeit von Daten entlang der gesamten Wertschöpfungskette in der MSE. Die Präsentation gibt einen Überblick über die Zielsetzung des PMD-Konsortiums, die Community-getriebene Entwicklung der PMDco sowie ihre Rolle in digitalen Workflows und Demonstratoren. Praxisbeispiele beinhalten die semantische Modellierung von Zugversuchen gemäß ISO 6892-1:2019-11 mithilfe der darauf aufbauenden Zugversuch-Ontologie (TTO) sowie die Umwandlung experimenteller Daten von Studierenden in maschinenlesbare Wissensgraphen über eine elektronische Laborbuch-Pipeline. Zudem wird die Ontologieentwicklung durch NLP-gestützte Ansätze (z. B. für Mikroskopie) sowie die Harmonisierung heterogener Datenquellen (z. B. im Orowan-Demonstrator) vorgestellt. Damit leistet PMDco einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur digitalen Zukunft der Materialforschung. T2 - Abschlusskolloquium LeBeDigital CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.06.2025 KW - Semantic Data KW - Data Integration KW - Digitalisierung KW - Digitale Transformation KW - Plattform MaterialDigital PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63295 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schilling, Markus A1 - Marschall, Niklas A1 - Niebergall, Ute A1 - Böhning, Martin T1 - Modernizing FNCT data handling in polymer labs: Towards efficient management N2 - A streamlined Python-based workflow for transforming Full-Notch Creep Test (FNCT) data into organized, machine-actionable formats is presented. The workflow automates the conversion of raw FNCT data from classic CSV and Excel files into structured outputs that facilitate future semantic integration. Emphasizing practical data handling, the approach includes automation scripts for efficient data extraction, transformation, and storage, which culminate in well-ordered files. This transformation paves the way for potential semantic data integration and facilitates access for users with varying levels of digital experience to enhanced data management in polymer research and testing. KW - PE-HD KW - Full-Notch Creep Test (FNCT) KW - Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC) KW - Data Interoperability KW - FAIR Data KW - Semantic Data PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-637826 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2025.114085 SN - 0927-0256 VL - 259 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-63782 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - Semantic Technologies for Digital Transformation in Materials Science: From PMDco to Prototypical Applications N2 - The digital transformation of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) is accelerating the adoption of structured, interoperable, and FAIR data practices, in particular with respect to an advanced research data management. Semantic technologies play a pivotal role in this transformation, as the enable the integration, contextualization, and automation of diverse data sources across experimental, computational, and simulation domains. Central to these efforts is the Platform MaterialDigital Core Ontology (PMDco), now in version 3.0, which provides a robust mid-level semantic framework tailored for MSE. PMDco bridges abstract high-level ontologies, such as the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) standardized in ISO/IEC 21838-2, with domain-specific terminologies to ensure consistency and interoperability across applications. This presentation explores the application of PMDco and its integration into workflows within the Platform MaterialDigital (PMD) initiative. Through its deployment in electronic laboratory notebooks (ELNs), PMDco enables semantic representation of experimental data, such as tensile test results compliant with ISO 6892-1:2019-11, transforming them into machine-actionable knowledge graphs. Prototypical implementations demonstrate how semantic technologies enhance laboratory processes, improve data reuse, and streamline documentation which offers opportunities for automation and education. Further extending its versatility, PMDco serves as a linking point for semantically representing simulation data, enabling comprehensive integration of experimental and computational datasets. This creates structured data spaces that support advanced digital workflows. Beyond PMDco, the presentation highlights the design of graph patterns and semantic shapes, showcasing generalizable methods for managing diverse data in MSE being based on data structuring and formatting. By presenting best practices in ontology development, data acquisition, and knowledge graph generation, this talk underscores the transformative potential of semantic technologies in MSE. It offers a forward-looking perspective on the role of structured data spaces as a driver for innovation, ensuring that materials science continues to advance through rigorous, interoperable, and automated digital methodologies. T2 - FEMS Euromat 2025 CY - Granada, Spanien DA - 14.09.2025 KW - Semantic Data KW - Data Integration KW - Digitalization KW - Data Interoperability KW - PMD Core Ontology KW - Graph Patterns PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64165 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd T1 - Transforming Materials Science with Concepts for a Semantically Accessible Data Space N2 - The digital transformation in materials science enables more efficient and sustainable processes. Through technological adaptations and a commitment to the FAIR principles, materials and processes are holistically addressed across entire value chains. The Platform MaterialDigital (PMD) and related initiatives are developing innovative solutions to the challenges of digitalization. The focus is on the interoperable integration of heterogeneous materials and processes data in semantically accessible data spaces. An ontological framework, based on the PMD Core Ontology and application-specific ontologies, promotes semantic interoperability of cross-domain and multi-scale (meta)data. This framework can be extended through natural language processing in a script-supported manner, as demonstrated with the Microscopy Ontology. The presentation further highlights how freely available mechanical and microstructural datasets of various aging stages of an aluminum alloy can be semantically integrated and flexibly searched. Graph-based operations enable links between processing and microstructural properties to be established, facilitating enhanced correlation analysis and pattern recognition. T2 - TMS Specialty Congress 2025 CY - Anaheim, CA, USA DA - 15.06.2025 KW - FAIR Data KW - Semanitc Interoperability KW - Community KW - Reproducibility PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63474 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd T1 - Data-Driven Materials Science Supported by Community, Reproducibility, and Standardization N2 - Reproducible research in materials science demands a strong community and shared semantic standards. The interdisciplinary nature of the field has led to fragmented data practices, hampering collaboration and integration. Digitalisation initatives such as the German MaterialDigital Initiative addresses this by fostering a community-driven approach to FAIR data management, using ontologies to build consensus and semantic interoperability. Through interactive events like the Ontology Playground, a unified data culture that accelerates innovation and ensures reproducibility across materials research is supported. T2 - Seminar of the Person Group CY - Berkeley, CA, USA DA - 23.06.2025 KW - FAIR Data KW - Semantic Interoperability KW - Community KW - Reproducibility PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63475 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ruehle, Bastian T1 - Workflow generation, management, and semantic description for Self-Driving Labs N2 - The software backend that controls the robotic hardware and runs the synthesis workflows is a very important component of any Self-Driving Lab (SDL). On the one hand, it has to deal with orchestrating and managing complex and task-specific hardware through low-level communication protocols and plan and use the available resources as efficiently as possible while executing (parallelized) workflows, on the other hand, it is the interface the users use to communicate with this highly complex platform, and as such, it needs to be as helpful and user-friendly as possible. This includes the AI-aided experimental design in which the system helps the user to decide which experiment to run next, providing automated data analysis from characterization measurements, and offering easy to understand tools and graphical user interfaces for generating the workflows that are executed on the platform. Lastly, the specificity of the workflows and their dependence on the hardware and software of the SDLs necessitates a common description or ontology for making them easily interchangeable and interoperable between different platforms and labs. In this contribution, we present several key aspects of “Minerva-OS”, the central backend that orchestrates the syntheses workflows of our SDL for Nano- and Advanced Materials Syntheses [1]. One key feature is the resource management or “traffic control” for scheduling and executing parallel reactions in a multi-threaded environment. Another is the interface with data analysis algorithms from in-line, at-line, and off-line measurements. Here, we will give examples of how automatic image segmentation of electron microscopy images with the help of AI [2] can be used for reducing the “data analysis bottleneck” from an off-line measurement. We will also discuss, compare, and show benchmarks of various machine learning (ML) algorithms that are currently implemented in the backend and can be used for ML-guided, closed-loop material optimization in our SDL. Lastly, we will show our recent efforts [3] in making the workflow generation on SDLs more user-friendly by using large language models to generate executable workflows automatically from synthesis procedures given in natural language and user-friendly graphical user interfaces based on node editors that also allow for knowledge graph extraction from the workflows. In this context, we are currently also working on an ontology for representing the process steps of the workflows, which will greatly facilitate the semantic description and interoperability of workflows between different SDL hardware and software platforms. T2 - Accelerate 2025 CY - Toronto, Canada DA - 11.08.2025 KW - Nanomaterials KW - Advanced Materials KW - Workflows KW - Machine Learning KW - SDL PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63936 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - Data-Driven Materials Science: Reproducibility and Standardization N2 - Advancing development and digitalization in materials science requires to focus on quality assurance, interoperability, and compliance with FAIR principles. Semantic technologies offer effective solutions for these challenges by enabling the storage, processing, and contextualization of data in machine-actionable and human-readable formats – essential for robust data management. This presentation highlights the PMD Core Ontology 3.0 (PMDco 3.0), developed specifically for the field of materials science and engineering, and its implementation within generic knowledge representation frameworks. Demonstrators such as standardized mechanical testing, material processing workflows, and the Orowan Demonstrator exemplify the ontology’s practical applications. The use of graph patterns, able to be compiled into rule-based semantic shapes, supports a unified and automated approach to managing heterogeneous experimental data across domains. T2 - Persson Group Seminar CY - Berkeley, CA, USA DA - 23.06.2025 KW - Semantic Data KW - Data Integration KW - Digitalization KW - Data Interoperability KW - PMD Core Ontology KW - Graph Patterns PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63484 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - On Shared Vocabulary, Ontologies, Semantic Data and Prototype Applications N2 - The advancement of development and digitalization in materials science necessitates rigorous quality assurance, interoperability, and adherence to FAIR principles. Semantic technologies contribute to these objectives by facilitating the structured storage, processing, and contextualization of data, yielding machine-actionable and human-interpretable knowledge representations vital for modern data management. This presentation showcases the prototypical application of generic approaches of knowledge representation in materials science. It includes the design and documentation of graph patterns that may be compiled into rule-based semantic shapes. The development and application of the PMD Core Ontology 3.0 (PMDco 3.0) tailored for materials science is highlighted. Its integration into daily lab life is demonstrated through its functional incorporation into electronic lab notebooks (ELN). In this respect, a possible integration of semantic technologies into openBIS is presented. The openBIS system is usable as a central data storage system that may be complimented by semantic annotation of data to enhance data contextualization and automation. Graph-based knowledge representations and rule-based semantic shapes are shown which were developed alongside the PMD Core Ontology 3.0 (PMDco 3.0) and can enrich openBIS functionalities. Practical examples from material processing and mechanical testing illustrate how semantic extensions of openBIS enable machine-actionable, interoperable, and reusable research data, paving the way for a unified, ontology-driven laboratory data ecosystem. T2 - openBIS User Group Meeting (openBIS UGM) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.09.2025 KW - Semantic Data KW - Data Integration KW - Digitalization KW - OpenBIS KW - Ontologies KW - Graph Patterns PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64307 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hébrard, Louis T1 - Comparison of Room and High Temperature Fatigue Behavior of a New LPBF VDM 780 Alloy N2 - The actual environmental challenges require a huge effort from all industrial sectors to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gasses and pollutants. In this context, aeronautics is deeply concerned as one of the most emissive industrial sectors (cf. EU Green Deal). The answer to this pressing challenge is complex and involves new fuels and engine concepts, new aerostructures with higher weight-savings, as well as new, energy-efficient, and sustainable manufacturing technologies and materials. Two technologies may contribute particularly to achieving the goals: (i) new and more energy-efficient processes such as additive manufacturing (AM) can be used for part production; (ii) the engine efficiency of airplanes can be significantly improved to save fuel and reduce gas emissions. The latter can be achieved by increasing the engine thermal efficiency, i.e., increasing the turbine inlet temperature. Currently, only single-crystalline cast materials are available to be used for the thermally highest-loaded parts in the gas turbine engine, i.e., the turbine blades in the high-pressure turbine just behind the combustion chamber. These materials rely on a special casting technology, although they lose these original material performances when additive manufactured. In addition, current materials suitable for metal additive manufacturing have a limited range of temperature application. Therefore, the focus is on the development of new materials targeting higher in-service operation temperatures and durability. Recently, a new Ni-based superalloy (VDM 780) has been developed to ensure microstructural stability up to 800 °C. The goal of this work is to provide a deeper understanding of the high temperature fatigue properties of this alloy. This will enable the identification of the maximum operating temperature of this alloy and assess its performance in order to establish its potential in view of a new generation of more efficient aero-engines. T2 - 11th Edition of Fatigue Design International Conference CY - Senlis, France DA - 19.11.2025 KW - Fatigue KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Ni-based superalloy KW - High Temperature PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64992 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - Vom Experiment zur semantischen Wissensrepräsentation: Datenstandards und Interoperabilität in der Materialcharakterisierung N2 - Im Zeitalter der digitalen Transformation rückt die strukturierte Erfassung und semantische Verknüpfung von Materialcharakterisierungsdaten immer stärker in den Fokus, um eine effiziente Nutzung über Disziplin- und Projektgrenzen hinweg zu gewährleisten. Dabei bilden etablierte Datenstandards und semantische Technologien sowie Ontologien die Grundlage für eine nach FAIR-Kriterien aufgebaute Dateninfrastruktur, die sowohl maschinenlesbare als auch nachvollziehbare Wissensrepräsentationen ermöglicht. In dieser Präsentation sollen Prinzipien interoperabler Datenarchitekturen erläutert werden, wobei auf die Bedeutung normkonformer Modelle und semantischer Konzeptualisierungen eingegangen wird. Dabei wird der steigende Bedarf an verlässlichen, reproduzierbaren und wiederverwendbaren Daten im Bereich der Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik adressiert, der insbesondere die Materialcharakterisierung und Werkstoffprüfung vor neue Herausforderungen stellt. Hinsichtlich der angestrebten Möglichkeiten zum erleichterten Datenaustausch kommen einheitlichen Datenformaten und -beschreibungen eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Anhand ausgewählter Publikationen und Demonstratoren wird aufgezeigt, wie Ontologien als verbindende Zwischenschicht unterschiedliche Material- und Verfahrensdomänen konsistent abbilden und zusammenführen können. Ein praktischer Anwendungsfall verdeutlicht die RDF-basierte Repräsentation von Zugversuchsdaten und deren Einbettung in ein Triple-Store-Datenbank-Umfeld. Hierbei fließen Erfahrungen aus der Entwicklung und Anwendung der PMD Core Ontology (PMDco) sowie normenkonformer Ontologien (z.B. Tensile Test Ontology, TTO) ein, welche im Rahmen des Projektes Plattform MaterialDigital (PMD, materialdigital.de) erstellt und betrachtet wurden. Darüber hinaus werden weitere methodische Ansätze und Entwicklungen aus diesem Projekt illustriert. T2 - Tagung Werkstoffprüfung 2025 CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 27.11.2025 KW - Wissensrepräsentation KW - Ontologie KW - Werkstoffprüfung KW - Digitale Transformation KW - Interoperabilität PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64944 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - Towards Structured Data Spaces: Prototypical Application of Semantic Technologies as a Driver for Innovation in Materials Science N2 - In the pursuit of advancing development and digitalization within materials science, ensuring quality assurance, interoperability, and adherence to FAIR principles is significant. To address these aspects, semantic technologies are employed for storage, processing, and contextualization of data, offering machine-actionable and human-readable knowledge representations crucial for data management. This presentation showcases the prototypical application of generic approaches of knowledge representation in materials science. It includes the design and documentation of graph patterns that may be compiled into rule-based semantic shapes. The development and application of the PMD Core Ontology 3.0 (PMDco 3.0) tailored for materials science is highlighted. Its integration into daily lab life is demonstrated through its functional incorporation into electronic lab notebooks (ELN). Examples of material processing and standardized mechanical testing illustrate how knowledge graph operations enhance ELN capabilities, providing a generalizable unified approach for managing diverse experimental data from different sources with automation potentials. T2 - TMS Specialty Congress 2025 CY - Anaheim, CA, USA DA - 15.06.2025 KW - Semantic Data KW - Data Integration KW - Digitalization KW - Data Interoperability KW - Plattform MaterialDigital PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63401 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -