TY - CONF A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Le, Quynh-Hoa A1 - Roth, J. T1 - Entwicklung einer fraktographischen Symbolik N2 - Bei der Untersuchung von Bruchflächen werden zunächst Beobachtungen gemacht, d.h. makroskopische und mikroskopische Merkmale analysiert und in Bildern dokumentiert. Im zweiten Schritt werden anhand der gefundenen Merkmale Rissverlauf und Bruchmechanismen ermittelt. Abschließend sollen diese Ergebnisse in einem Bericht oder Gutachten zusammengefasst werden. Hierbei ist eine skizzenhafte Darstellung der fraktographischen Befunde hilfreich für das Verständnis des Lesers. Ein vorgefertigter fraktographischer Symbolsatz würde dies erheblich vereinfachen. Skizzen von fraktographischen Befunden sind in der Literatur recht häufig zu finden, z.B. in der VDI 3822 oder dem ASM Handbook Fractography, allerdings gibt es hierzu keine umfassende Systematik, wie sie z.B. aus der Meteorologie (Wetterkarten), Geographie (Landkarten, Seekarten) oder Geologie (Bodenkarten) seit langer Zeit bekannt sind. Deshalb wird hier der Versuch unternommen, einen Symbolsatz zu entwickeln und zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit dessen Hilfe fraktographische Befunde in eindeutiger und übersichtlicher Weise veranschaulicht werden können. Der fraktographische Symbolsatz ("Fracto Graphics") befindet sich in Entwicklung, ist offen zur Diskussion sowie für Verbesserungen. T2 - 55. Metallographie-Tagung CY - Online meeting DA - 29.9.2021 KW - Fraktographie KW - Symbolik KW - Schadensanalyse PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53433 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weinel, Kristina T1 - Electron-beam induced particle synthesis: Phenomenological study of the physical mechanisms N2 - Several studies have shown that the electron beam (e-beam) can be used to create nanomaterials from microparticles in situ in a TEM. However, attempts to produce gold nanoparticles (NPs) on silicon oxide substrate remained to be accomplished. Here, we show that the production of gold NPs is possible by using the e-beam in a SEM, under a set of parameters. To understand the physical mechanisms leading to the gold NPs, the mechanisms of e-beam induced charging as well as e-beam induced heating of the MPs were discussed. Several hints point to heating as the driving mechanism. T2 - IFW Dresden, Seminar CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 06.12.2023 KW - Electron-beam-induced modification KW - Nanoparticle synthesis KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Driving physical mechanism KW - Negative charged microparticle KW - Temperature driven process PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59081 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Donėlienė1, J. A1 - Rudzikas, M. A1 - Rades, Steffi A1 - Dörfel, Ilona A1 - Peplinski, Burkhard A1 - Sahre, Mario A1 - Pellegrino, F. A1 - Maurino, V. A1 - Ulbikas, J. A1 - Galdikas, A. T1 - Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid N2 - A femto-second pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) procedure for the generation of titanium oxide nanoparticles (NP) is reported with the purpose of understanding morphology and structure of the newly generated NPs. Ablation duration was varied for optimization of NP generation processes between 10 and 90 min. Surface morphology of NPs as well as their size and shape (distribution) were analysed by various complementary electron microscopy techniques, i.e. SEM, TSEM and TEM. The crystalline structure of titanium oxide particles was investigated by XRD and HR-TEM. Concentration of generated titanium oxide NPs in liquid was analysed by ICP-MS. A mix of crystalline (mainly anatase), partly crystalline and amorphous spherical titanium oxide NPs can be reported having a mean size between 10 and 20 nm, which is rather independent of the laser ablation (LA) duration. A second component consisting of irregularly shaped, but crystalline titanium oxide nanostructures is co-generated in the LA water, with more pronounced occurrence at longer LA times. The provenance of this component is assigned to those spherical particles generated in suspension and passing through the converging laser beam, being hence subject to secondary irradiation effects, e. g. fragmentation. T2 - Microscopy & Microanalysis 2018 CY - Baltimore, MD, USA DA - 05.08.2018 KW - Nanoparticles KW - Titanium oxide KW - Laser ablation in liquid KW - Electron microscopy KW - XRD PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46502 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Manzoni, Anna Maria T1 - A decade of cube optimization in the Al- Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Ti high entropy family N2 - The multi-phase approach has proven to widen the application properties of high entropy alloys. After a decade of testing different alloys in the Al-Co-Cr-Cu-Fe-Ni-Ti family the Al10Co25Cr8Fe15Ni36Ti6 was found to be a solid base for more fine-tuned microstructural optimization. Following the example of superalloys, the Al10Co25Cr8Fe15Ni36Ti6 alloy aims for a γ/γ' microstructures in order to guarantee a good microstructural stability at high temperatures. The shape and volume fraction of the γ' particles is known to influence the mechanical properties of superalloys, and they do so in the high entropy family as well [1]. Shape, misfit and creep properties of several modified versions of the Al10Co25Cr8Fe15Ni36Ti6 alloy are compared and discussed in this talk. T2 - Department seminar National Chung Hsing University CY - Taichung, Taiwan DA - 15.11.2023 KW - High entropy alloys KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Creep KW - Phase analysis PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58979 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lemiasheuski, Anton A1 - Bajer, Evgenia A1 - Oder, Gabriele A1 - Göbel, Artur A1 - Hesse, Rene A1 - Bettge, Dirk T1 - Development of an Automated 3D Metallography System (RASI) and its Application in Microstructure Analysis N2 - Many microstructural features exhibit non-trivial geometries, which can only be derived to a limited extent from two-dimensional images. E.g., graphite arrangements in lamellar gray cast iron have complex geometries, and the same is true for additively manufactured materials and three-dimensional conductive path structures. Some can be visualized using tomographic methods, but some cannot be due to weak contrast and/or lack of resolution when analyzing macroscopic objects. Classic metallography can help but must be expanded to the third dimension. The method of reconstructing three-dimensional structures from serial metallographic sections surely is not new. However, the effort required to manually assemble many individual sections into image stacks is very high and stands in the way of frequent application. For this reason, an automated, robot-supported 3D metallography system is being developed at BAM, which carries out the steps of repeated preparation and image acquisition on polished specimen. Preparation includes grinding, polishing and optionally etching of the polished surface. Image acquisition comprises autofocused light microscopic imaging at several magnification levels. The image stacks obtained are then pre-processed, segmented, and converted into 3D models, which in the result appear like microtomographic models, but with high resolution at large volume. Contrasting by classical chemical etching reveals structures that cannot be resolved using tomographic methods. The integration of further imaging and measuring methods into this system is underway. Some examples will be discussed in the presentation. T2 - Euromat 2023 CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 04.07.2023 KW - Metallography KW - 3D Reconstruction KW - Roboter KW - Automation KW - Microstructure PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58202 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd T1 - Probenpräparation für AFM-basierte Untersuchungsverfahren N2 - Adapted and advanced sample preparation of semiconductor layer systems with the focused ion beam for AFM-based test methods N2 - Der vorliegende Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über Probenpräparationen mit der Focused Ion Beam (FIB) für AFM-basierte Untersuchungsverfahren. Anhand zweier Beispiele wird gezeigt, wie ionenstrahlpolierte Lamellen aus Halbleiter-Schichtsystemen elektrisch leitfähig auf Substrate platziert werden, so dass in-situ und in-operando Messungen mit Scanning Microwave Microscope (SMM) bzw. Spectroscopic infrared scanning near-field optical microscope (IR-SNOM) durchgeführt werden können. T2 - 15. Berlin-Brandenburger Präparatorentreffen CY - Potsdam/Golm, Germany DA - 11.04.2019 KW - Focused Ion Beam KW - AFM based test methods KW - Sample preparation KW - Semiconductor materials KW - Layer system PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47784 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Manzoni, Anna Maria A1 - Mohring, W. A1 - Laplanche, G. A1 - Schneider, M. A1 - Hagen, S. A1 - Stephan-Scherb, C. T1 - High temperature oxidation of CrFeNi in synthetic air N2 - The surface corrosion behaviour is a key issue which determines whether the material is applicable at a given atmosphere. Medium-entropy alloy FeCrNi alloy was exposed to synthetic air at 1000°C, 1050°C, and 1100 °C for up to 1000 h using a thermobalance. The oxidation rate was parabolic at 1000 and 1050°C, but breakaway occurred at 1100°C after 5 h of aging time. The whole oxide scales formed under the isothermal oxidation tests spalled off and additional oxidation tests were carried out at 1000 °C and 1050°C for 24 h and up to 100 h at 1000°C in a tubular furnace. The corrosion behaviour of the MEA was analysed by scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction and compared to the behaviour of 316 L. The experimental results showed that under all conditions chromium is the main diffusion element resulting in the formation of a Cr2O3 layer at the MEA surface. Spallation of the layer induces the formation of additional oxidation products under the surface of the (spalled off) chromia layer. T2 - Euromat 2023 CY - Frankfurt a. M., Germany DA - 03.09.2023 KW - Medium entopy alloy KW - Oxidation KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Thermogravimetric analysis PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58198 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schulz, Wencke A1 - Stephan-Scherb, Christiane A1 - Laplanche, Guillaume T1 - High temperature corrosion phenomena of HEAs and MEAs N2 - High- and medium-entropy alloys (HEAs and MEAs) constitute a new class of materials. Those with a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure from the Cr-Mn-Fe-Co-Ni system have excellent mechanical properties and are considered for high-temperature applications since diffusion in these alloys was reported to be sluggish. However, their corrosion resistance at high temperatures must still be evaluated to further qualify them for such kinds of applications. Various groups studied the oxidation behavior of HEAs and MEAs under (dry) laboratory and artificial air as well as CO2/CO mixtures in different temperature ranges. CrCoNi exhibits the best corrosion resistance at 800 °C due to the formation of a protective Cr2O3 layer. The matrix below the oxide scale was reported to be correspondingly depleted in Cr. It was further shown that the addition of Mn and Fe to CrCoNi changes the phase composition of the oxide scale at 800 °C. A Mn2O3 layer was grown during oxidation on CrMnCoNi and CrMnFeCoNi and a Cr2O3 scale was formed at the matrix/oxide scale interface. Beneath these oxide layers, Mn- and Cr-depleted zones were detected. These phase morphologies demonstrate the inward diffusion of oxygen and outward diffusion of Cr and Mn resulting in the formation of Cr2O3 and Mn2O3. In the present study, the corrosion resistance of CrMnFeCoNi and CrCoNi were confirmed and additionally characterized under further oxidizing atmospheres at 800 °C including Ar-2 Vol.% O2, Ar-2 Vol.% H20, and Ar-2 Vol.% SO2 mixtures. T2 - Symposium on Advanced Mechanical and Microstructural Characterization of High-Entropy Alloys CY - Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany DA - 03.02.2020 KW - Mn3O4 KW - High-entropy alloy KW - Medium-entropy alloy KW - High-temperature corrosion KW - Chromia PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-50984 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sprengel, Maximilian A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Sommer, Konstantin A1 - Kelleher, J. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - The relaxation of macroscopic residual stresses in laser powder bed fused stainless steel 316L N2 - The processing of stainless steel 316L using the additive manufacturing process Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) can widen its field of application due to a strong increase in Yield strength, without making major compromises on the ductility nor its outstanding corrosion and oxidation properties. Furthermore, improved designs that either reduce the weight or optimise the function of a part can be obtained using LPBF. These benefits are however counterbalanced by the proneness of LPBF to inducing high Residual Stresses (RS) during manufacturing. The characterisation and monitoring of these RS are of paramount importance for the wider acceptance of the LPBF process. This study focuses on the relaxation of the initial macroscopic RS present in an LPBF 316L as-built prism that undergoes various routes of manufacturing steps to achieve different specimen geometries and stress relieving treatments. The RS are determined using Angle-Dispersive (AD) and Time-of-Flight (TOF) neutron diffraction. The results reveal high tensile RS close to the surfaces and compressive RS near the centre of the as-built parts. The reduction in size and change of geometry heavily impact the stress ranges of the remaining RS, with lower stress ranges in cylindrical shaped compared to rectangular shaped specimens. Also, the application of different stress relieving heat treatments showed that heat-treating temperatures above 800 °C are necessary to obtain a strong relaxation in LPBF 316L. T2 - The second European Conference on the Structural Integrity of Additively Manufactured Materials CY - Online meeting DA - 08.09.2021 KW - Residual Stress KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Neutron Diffraction PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53263 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Menneken, Martina A1 - Falk, Florian A1 - Stephan-Scherb, Christiane T1 - Early stages of corrosion in hot, aggressive environments N2 - We investigated the effect of water vapor in the initial stages of SO2 corrosion of an Fe-9Cr-0.5Mn model alloy at 650 °C. Two separate experiments were run, one with 99.5%-Ar + 0.5%-SO2 and one with 69.5%-Ar + 0.5%-SO2 with 30%-H2O atmosphere. During the experiment the scale growth was observed in-situ, using energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD). Our results confirm an increased speed of oxygen transport into the material, with the addition of water, while the transport of sulfur appears to be less affected. T2 - Sektionstreffen der DMG Sektionen "Angewandte Mineralogie in Umwelt & Technik" und "Chemie, Physik und Kristallographie der Minerale" CY - Bad Windsheim, Germany DA - 28.02.2018 KW - Corrosion KW - In-situ KW - EDXRD PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45369 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmies, Lennart A1 - Sonntag, U. A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Le, Quynh-Hoa A1 - Yarysh, Anna A1 - Botsch, B. T1 - Quantitative Fraktographie unter Verwendung klassischer Verfahren, Topographie-Daten und Deep-Learning N2 - Die Analyse von Bruchflächen wird in der Schadensanalyse meist auf der Basis von Erfahrungswissen vorgenommen, welches aus vorliegenden Untersuchungen, eigenen Vergleichsversuchen und aus der Literatur stammt. Durch Vergleiche mit bereits vorliegenden Bildern werden qualitativ Bruchmechanismen ermittelt. Grundlage sind zumeist zweidimensionale Bilder aus licht- und elektronenoptischen Verfahren. Quantitative Aussagen beziehen sich bislang beispielsweise auf makroskopische Anteile von Bruchmechanismen oder die Ausmessung von Schwingstreifen. In jüngerer Zeit gibt es vermehrt Ansätze, Computer-Algorithmen einzusetzen, die in der Lage sind, unterschiedlich strukturierte Bruchmerkmale zu finden und zu klassifizieren. Im hier vorgestellten IGF-Vorhaben „iFrakto“, IGF Vorhaben Nr.: 21477 N, werden licht- und elektronen-optisch Topographie-Bilder erzeugt und die gewonnenen 3D-Informationen zusammen mit den klassischen 2D-Bildern ausgewertet. Analytische Algorithmen und Machine Learning werden eingesetzt, um Bruchmerkmale zu analysieren, zu bewerten und mit Informationen aus einer fraktographischen Datenbank zu verknüpfen. Ziel ist die Bereitstellung von Software zur Unterstützung der Fraktographie in der Schadensanalyse. In diesem Beitrag werden erste Ergebnisse des Vorhabens vorgestellt. T2 - 55. Metallographie-Tagung CY - Online meeting DA - 29.9.2021 KW - Fraktographie KW - Machine Learning KW - Datenbank KW - REM KW - Topographie PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53491 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Manzoni, Anna Maria A1 - Mohring, W. A1 - Karafiludis, Stephanos A1 - Schneider, M. A1 - Haas, S. A1 - Hagen, S. A1 - Glatzel, U. A1 - Laplanche, G. A1 - Stephan-Scherb, C. T1 - Corrosion in the Co-Cr-Fe-Ni high entropy alloy family N2 - While a lage amount of research on high entropy alloys is oriented towards mechanical properties and the microstructural improvement it is also necessary to keep an eye on the environment that potential application materials will be submitted to. The Co-Cr-Fe-Ni based high entropy family has shown great potential over the years of high entropy research and some candidate alloys are chosen for an insight into their corrosion behaviour. Several atmospheres are studied, i.e. O2, H2O, SO2 and a mix thereof in argon as well as synthetic air. Just as for classic alloys, the chromium is the most important element in terms of protection agains further corrosion. The addition of manganese, as in case of the “Cantor alloy” CrMnFeCoNi, overpasses Cr when it comes to oxygen affinity and thus counteracts the layer formation of Cr2O3. Even without Mn, a temperature chosen too high will also affect the formation of the chromium oxide layer and spall it off, annulling its protective potential. We can also observe how trace elements influence the layer formation. These effects and their mechanisms will be discussed for the alloys CrFeNi, CoCrNi, CrMnFeCoNi and variations of Al10Co25Cr8Fe15Ni36Ti6 using a combination of electron microscopy, thermodynamic calculations and x-ray diffraction. T2 - MRS-T International Conference CY - Hsinchu, Taiwan DA - 17.11.2023 KW - Corrosion KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Mixed gas atmosphere PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58980 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Goedecke, Caroline A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Bannick, C. G. A1 - Kober, E. A1 - Ricking, M. A1 - Schmitt, T. A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Detection of polymers in treated waste water using TED-GC-MS N2 - The presence of large quantities of plastic waste and its fragmentation in various environmental compartments are an important subject of current research. In the environment, (photo ) oxidation processes and mechanical abrasion lead to the formation of microplastics. However, until now, there are no established quality assurance concepts for the analysis of microplastic (<5 mm) in environmental compartments, including sampling, processing and analysis. The aim of the present work is the development of suitable examination methods and protocols (sampling, sample preparation and detection) to qualify and quantify microplastic in urbane water management systems. At first a fractional filtration system for sampling and the analytical tool, the so-called TED-GC-MS (thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry) were developed. The TED-GC-MS method is a two-step analytical procedure which consists of a thermal extraction where the sample is annealed and characteristic decomposition products of the polymers are collected on a solid phase. Afterwards these products are analysed using GC-MS. The developed fractional filtration for sampling and the TED-GC-MS for detection were used for quantitative analysis to screen the waste water influent and effluent of a Berlin waste water treatment plant for the most relevant polymers, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide (PA). The results of the study revealed that the polymeres PE, PS and PP were detected in the effluent, and PE and PS were find in the raw waste water of the sewage treatment plant in Ruhleben, Berlin. Differences in polymer types and amounts were detected at different sampling dates and within different sieve fractions. Much higher amounts of polymers were observed in the raw waste water. The peak areas of the decomposition products, used for quantification of the polymers, were adjusted using so-called response factors since the TED-GC-MS method is more sensitive for PP and PS than for PE. It has been shown that PE is the most dominant polymer in the samples. Comparing the masses of polymers in the effluent and in the raw sewage, a removal of 99 % of the polymers in the water treatment plant can be assumed. These results are consistent with the literature where removal rates between 98-99 % were described. T2 - SETAC Europe CY - Rom, Italy DA - 13.05.2018 KW - Microplastics KW - Thermogravimetry KW - Waste water KW - Chromatography PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44968 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Dense Powder Beds for the Additive Manufacturing of Ceramics N2 - Regarding feedstocks for the additive manufacturing (AM) of ceramics, two features are most critical in classical powder based AM processes: a high particle packing density (typically >50% TD) must be achieved with very fine particles (typically submicron) in order to ensure sufficient sintering activity. Three innovative approaches will be introduced to overcome this problem: 1. Layer wise slurry deposition: The use of water based ceramic slurries as feedstock for the additive manufacture of ceramics has many advantages which are not fully exploit yet. In the layerwise slurry deposition (LSD) process a slurry with no or low organic content is repetitively spread as thin layers on each other by means of a doctor blade. During the deposition, the ceramic particles settle on the previously deposited and dried material to form thin layers with a high packing density (55-60%). The LSD therefore shares aspects both of tape casting and slip casting. The LSD differentiates from the classical powder-based AM layer deposition, which typically achieves with a flowable coarse grained powder a low packing density (35-50%) only, consequently hindering the ability of sintering ceramic parts to full density. The LSD is coupled with the principles of selective laser sintering (SLS) or binder jetting, to generate novel processes which take advantage of the possibility of achieving a highly dense powder-bed. 2. Laser induced slip casting: Contrary to the LSD process, which requires drying of each individual layer, the direct interaction of ceramic slurries with intense laser radiation, for the laser induced slip casting (LIS), is a promising approach for the additive manufacture of voluminous parts. 3. Gas flow assisted powder deposition: By the application of a vacuum pump a gas flow is realized throughout the powder bed. This gas flow stabilizes the powder bed and results into an enhanced flowability and packing density of the powder during layer deposition. The presentation will provide a detailed discussion of potentialities and issues connected to the mentioned technologies and will describe the most recent developments in their application to technical ceramics. T2 - SmatMade 2022 CY - Osaka, Japan DA - 25.10.2022 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Advanced ceramics PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-59886 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Günster, Jens T1 - Binder Jetting of Advanced Ceramics N2 - The Binder Jetting BJ process is one of the most versatile additive manufacturing technologies in use. In this process a binder is locally jetted into a powder bed for the consolidation of a 3D structure, layer by layer. Basically, all materials which can be provided as a flowable powder and, thus, spreadable to a thin layer, can be processed. Metals, ceramics and polymers are processable, but also materials from nature, such as sand, wood sawdust and insect frass. Moreover, the BJ technology is adapted to large building volumes of some cubic meters easily. Besides these striking advantages, the manufacture of ceramic parts by BJ is still challenging, as the packing density of the powder bed is generally too low and the particle size of a flowable powder too large for a successful densification of printed parts in a subsequent sintering step to an advanced ceramic product. After an introduction of binder jetting in general and highlighting some examples, strategies for obtaining dense ceramic parts by BJ will be introduced. T2 - yCAM 2022 CY - Barcelona, Spain DA - 08.11.2022 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Ceramics PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-59887 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Sänger, Johanna T1 - Tailoring powder properties for the light based volumetric additive manufacture of Ceramics N2 - In order to be able to manipulate ceramic powder compacts and ceramic suspensions (slurries) within their volume with light, a minimum transparency of the materials is required. Compared to polymers and metals, ceramic materials are characterized by the fact that they have a wide electronic band gap and therefore a wide optical window of transparency. The optical window generally ranges from less than 0.3 µm to 5 µm wavelength. In order to focus light into the volume of a ceramic powder compact, its light scattering properties must therefore be tailored. In this study, we present the physical background and material development strategies for the application of two-photon polymerization (2PP) and selective volumetric sintering for the additive manufacturing of structures in the volume of ceramic slips and green compacts. T2 - SmartMade 2024 CY - Osaka, Japan DA - 10.04.2024 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Two Photon Polymerization KW - Advanced ceramics PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59888 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus T1 - Interoperabilität und Wiederverwendung von Materialdaten: Der Weg zu Daten- und Wissensrepräsentationen in der PMD N2 - Die Integration und Wiederverwendung von Wissen und Daten aus der Herstellung, Bearbeitung und Charakterisierung von Materialien wird im Zuge der digitalen Transformation in der Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnologie in verschiedenen Projekten behandelt. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der Interoperabilität von Daten und Anwendungen, die nach den FAIR-Prinzipien erstellt und veröffentlicht werden. Zur Umsetzung eines komplexen Datenmanagements und der Digitalisierung im Bereich der Materialwissenschaften gewinnen Ontologien zunehmend an Bedeutung. Sie ermöglichen sowohl menschenlesbare als auch maschinenverständliche und -interpretierbare Wissensrepräsentationen durch semantische Konzeptualisierungen. Im Rahmen des Projektes Plattform MaterialDigital (PMD, materialdigital.de), welches in dieser Präsentation vorgestellt wird, werden Ontologien verschiedener Ebenen entwickelt (verbindende mid-level sowie Domänen-Ontologien). Die PMD-Kernontologie (PMD Core Ontology - PMDco) ist eine Ontologie der mittleren Ebene, die Verbindungen zwischen spezifischeren MSE-Anwendungsontologien und domänenneutralen Konzepten herstellt, die in bereits etablierten Ontologien höherer Ebenen (top-level Ontology) verwendet werden. Sie stellt somit einen umfassenden Satz von durch Konsensbildung in der Gemeinschaft (geteiltes Vokabular) entstanden Bausteinen grundlegender Konzepte aus der Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik (MSE) dar. In dieser Präsentation wird die PMDco adressiert. Weiterhin wird eine auf die PMDco bezogene normenkonforme ontologische Repräsentation zur Speicherung und Weiterverarbeitung von Zugversuchsdaten – die Tensile Test Ontology (TTO) – präsentiert, die in enger Zusammenarbeit mit dem zugehörigen DIN-Standardisierungsgremium NA 062-01-42 AA erstellt wurde. Dies umfasst den Weg von der Entwicklung einer Ontologie nach Norm, der Konvertierung von Daten aus Standardtests in das interoperable RDF-Format bis hin zur Verbindung von Ontologie und Daten. Auf Grundlage der dabei entwickelten Struktur und Vorgehensweise können weitere Materialcharakterisierungsmethoden semantisch beschrieben werden, woraus sich in diesem Zusammenhang Kooperationsmöglichkeiten ergeben. T2 - 20. Sitzung des NA 062-01-43 AA CY - Online meeting DA - 28.05.2024 KW - Semantische Daten KW - Plattform Material Digital KW - Ontologie KW - Normung KW - Wissensrepräsentation PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60178 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schilling, Markus A1 - Niebergall, Ute A1 - Marschall, Niklas A1 - Meinel, Dietmar A1 - Böhning, Martin T1 - Relation of craze to crack length during slow crack growth phenomena in high‐density polyethylene N2 - The craze‐crack mechanism occurring in high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) causing slow crack growth and environmental stress cracking is investigated in detail with respect to the relation of crack length and the related craze zone. This is essential for the understanding of the resulting features of the formed fracture surface and their interpretation in the context of the transition from crack propagation to ductile shear deformation. It turns out that an already formed craze zone does not inevitably result in formation of a propagating crack, but could also undergo ductile failure. For the examination, the full notch creep test (FNCT) was employed with a subsequent advanced fracture surface analysis that was performed using various imaging techniques: light microscopy, laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray micro computed tomography scan. FNCT specimens were progressively damaged for increasing durations under standard test conditions applying Arkopal, the standard surfactant solution, and biodiesel as test media were used to analyze the stepwise growth of cracks and crazes. From considerations based on well‐established fracture mechanics approaches, a theoretical correlation between the length of the actual crack and the length of the preceding craze zone was established that could be evidenced and affirmed by FNCT fracture surface analysis. Moreover, the yield strength of a HDPE material exposed to a certain medium as detected by a classic tensile test was found to be the crucial value of true stress to induce the transition from crack propagation due to the craze‐crack mechanism to shear deformation during FNCT measurements. Highlights - Progress of crack formation in high‐density polyethylene is analyzed by different imaging techniques - Determined growth rates depend on distinction between craze zone and crack - The ratio of the present crack to the anteceding craze zone is validated theoretically - The transition from crack propagation to ductile shear deformation is identified - An already formed craze zone may still fail by ductile mechanisms KW - Craze-crack mechanism KW - Environmental stress cracking (ESC) KW - Full notch creep test (FNCT) KW - Laser scanning microscopy (LSM) KW - Slow crack growth (SCG) KW - X-ray computed tomography (CT) PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601831 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26698 SN - 1548-2634 VL - 64 IS - 6 SP - 2387 EP - 2403 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-60183 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bordeenithikasem, Punnathat A1 - Carpenter, Kalind C. A1 - Hofmann, Douglas C. A1 - White, Victor E. A1 - Yee, Karl Y. A1 - Rizzardi, Quentin A1 - Maher, Jacob A1 - Maaß, Robert T1 - Miniaturized bulk metallic glass gripping structures for robotic mobility platforms N2 - Advancements in bulk metallic glass thermoplastic forming unleash the potential to fabricate microscale metallic features with unparalleled precision and durability, i.e. microspine gripping structures for mobility platforms on planetary or in-space robots. Four designs of grippers were fabricated and rigorously tested. Coefficient of friction on four test surfaces were measured and compared to SiC paper and Velcro. The hardness and elasticity of the bulk metallic glasses make them a game-changer in the field, offering a superior alternative to conventional nonmetallic grippers. KW - Bulk metallic glasses KW - Thermoplastic forming KW - Mobility KW - Microspine PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.03.040 SN - 0094-5765 VL - 219 SP - 399 EP - 407 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam, Niederlande AN - OPUS4-60182 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dzugan, J. A1 - Lucon, E. A1 - Koukolikova, M. A1 - Li, Y. A1 - Rzepa, S. A1 - Yasin, M.S. A1 - Shao, S. A1 - Shamsaei, N. A1 - Seifi, M. A1 - Lodeiro, M. A1 - Lefebvre, F. A1 - Mayer, U. A1 - Olbricht, J. A1 - Houska, M. A1 - Mentl, V. A1 - You, Z. T1 - ASTM interlaboratory study on tensile testing of AM deposited and wrought steel using miniature specimens N2 - An interlaboratory study, involving eigth international laboratories and coordinated by COMTES FHT (Czech Republic), was conducted to validate tensile measurements obtained using miniature specimens on additively manufactured (AM) components and artifacts. In addition to AM 316L stainless steel (316L SS), a wrought highstrength steel (34CrNiMo6V, equivalent to AISI 4340) was also used. Based on the results, a precision statement in accordance with ASTM E691 standard practice was developed, intended for inclusion in a proposed annex to the ASTM E8/E8M tension testing method. The primary outcomes of the study highlighted the agreement between yield and tensile strength measured from miniature and standard-sized tensile specimens. Furthermore, most tensile properties exhibited similar standard deviations, offering users insight into the efficacy of miniature specimen applications. KW - 316L stainless steel KW - Additive manufacturing KW - High-strength steel KW - Miniature specimens KW - Tensile tests PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2024.104410 SN - 0167-8442 VL - 131 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-60180 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Usmani, Shirin A1 - Stephan, Ina A1 - Huebert, Thomas A1 - Kemnitz, E. T1 - Nano metal fluorides for wood protection against fungi N2 - Wood treated with nano metal fluorides is found to resist fungal decay. Sol−gel synthesis was used to synthesize MgF2 and CaF2 nanoparticles. Electron microscopy images confirmed the localization of MgF2 and CaF2 nanoparticles in wood. Efficacy of nano metal fluoride-treated wood was tested against brown-rot fungi Coniophora puteana and Rhodonia placenta. Untreated wood specimens had higher mass losses (∼30%) compared to treated specimens, which had average mass loss of 2% against C. puteana and 14% against R. placenta, respectively. Nano metal fluorides provide a viable alternative to current wood preservatives. KW - Brown-rot fungi KW - Coniophora puteana KW - Fluoride nanoparticles KW - Fluorolytic sol−gel KW - Rhodonia placenta KW - SEM wood characterization KW - Wood protection PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.8b00144 SN - 2574-0970 VL - 2018 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) CY - Washington DC, US AN - OPUS4-44730 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Christian A1 - Thore, Johannes A1 - Clozel, Mélanie A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Wilbig, Janka A1 - Meyer, Andreas T1 - Additive manufacturing of metallic glass from powder in space N2 - Additive manufacturing of metals – and in particular building with laser-based powder bed fusion – is highly flexible and allows high-resolution features and feedstock savings. Meanwhile, though space stations in low Earth orbit are established, a set of visits to the Moon have been performed, and humankind can send out rovers to explore Venus and Mars, none of these milestone missions is equipped with technology to manufacture functional metallic parts or tools in space. In order to advance space exploration to long-term missions beyond low Earth orbit, it will be crucial to develop and employ technology for in-space manufacturing (ISM) and in-situ resource utilisation (ISRU). To use the advantages of laser-based powder bed fusion in these endeavours, the challenge of powder handling in microgravity must be met. Here we present a device capable of building parts using metallic powders in microgravity. This was proven on several sounding rocket flights, on which occasions Zr-based metallic glass parts produced by additive manufacturing in space were built. The findings of this work demonstrate that building parts using powder feedstock, which is more compact to transport into space than wire, is possible in microgravity environments. This thus significantly advances ISRU and ISM and paves the way for future tests in prolonged microgravity settings. KW - Metallic Glass KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Space PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600667 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-023-00327-7 VL - 9 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Springer Nature AN - OPUS4-60066 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nawaz, Q. A1 - Blaeß, Carsten A1 - Mueller, Ralf A1 - Boccaccini, A.R. T1 - Processing and cytocompatibility of Cu-doped and undoped fluoride-containing bioactive glasses N2 - Sintered or additive-manufactured bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds are highly interesting for bone replacement applications. However, crystallization often limits the high-temperature processability of bioactive glasses (BGs). Thus, the BG composition must combine high bioactivity and processability. In this study, three BGs with nominal molar (%) compositions 54.6SiO2-1.7P2O3-22.1CaO-6.0Na2O-7.9K2O-7.7MgO (13–93), 44.8SiO2-2.5P2O3-36.5CaO-6.6Na2O-6.6K2O-3.0CaF2 (F3) and 44.8SiO2-2.5P2O3-35.5CaO-6.6Na2O-6.6K2O-3.0CaF2-1.0CuO (F3–Cu) were investigated. The dissolution and ion release kinetics were investigated on milled glass powder and crystallized particles (500–600 μm). All glasses showed the precipitation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals after 7 days of immersion in simulated body fluid. No significant differences in ion release from glass and crystalline samples were detected. The influence of surface roughness on cytocompatibility and growth of preosteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) was investigated on sintered and polished BG pellets. Results showed that sintered BG pellets were cytocompatible, and cells were seen to be well attached and spread on the surface after 5 days of incubation. The results showed an inverse relation of cell viability with the surface roughness of pellets, and cells were seen to attach and spread along the direction of scratches. KW - Bioactive glass KW - Crystallization KW - Solubility KW - Cytocompatibility KW - Surface roughness PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-598257 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100586 SN - 2666-5395 VL - 18 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-59825 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prewitz, M. A1 - Gaber, M. A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Marotzke, C. A1 - Holtappels, Kai T1 - Polymer coated glass capillaries and structures for high-pressure hydrogen storage: Permeability and hydrogen tightness N2 - The hydrogen tightness of high-pressure hydrogen storage is a Basic criterion for long-term storage. The H2 permeation coefficients of epoxy resin and a glass lacquer were determined to enable the geometric optimization of a glass capillary storage. It was found that the curing conditions have no significant influence on the H2 permeation coefficient of resin. The H2 permeation coefficient of epoxy resin is only about three orders of Magnitude greater than that of borosilicate glass. This suggests that the initial pressure of 700 bar takes about 2.5 years to be halved in capillary array storage. Therefore, a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank based on glass capillaries is ideally suited for long-term storage in mobile applications. KW - Permeability KW - Glass capillaries KW - Coating KW - Hydrogen storage KW - Long-term calculation KW - Epoxy resin PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.12.092 SN - 0360-3199 VL - 43 IS - 11 SP - 5637 EP - 5644 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-44327 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen A1 - Kühn, Hans-Joachim ED - Schmauder, S. ED - Chawla, K. K. ED - Chawla, N. ED - Chen, W. ED - Kagawa, Y. T1 - High temperature mechanical testing of metals N2 - Performing mechanical tests at high temperatures is a nontrivial issue: Compared to room temperature testing, additional phenomena like time-dependent Deformation processes and oxidation effects raise the complexity of the material’s response, while more sophisticated test setups and additional control parameters increase the number of potential sources of error. To a large extent, these complications can be overcome by carefully following all recommendations given in the respective high temperature testing standards, but more comprehensive background information helps to identify points of specific importance in particular test campaigns. In this chapter, an overview is given on general high temperature testing issues like the appropriate choice of experimental equipment and key aspects of temperature measurement. In subsequent sections, the major static and dynamic high temperature test methods are reviewed and their Special features, as compared to testing at room temperature, are highlighted based on example data sets. Influences of specimen size and environmental effects are shortly outlined in a concluding section. In the whole chapter, a focus is set on testing of “classical” metallic high temperature materials, but many considerations are equally valid for testing of intermetallics, composites, and high temperature ceramics. KW - Creep, Creep Rupture, and Stress Rupture KW - Relaxation tests KW - Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) KW - Thermomechanical Fatigue (TMF) KW - Fatigue crack propagation PY - 2018 SN - 978-981-10-6855-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6855-3_44-1 SP - 1 EP - 38 PB - Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. CY - Singapore AN - OPUS4-44349 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaeß, Carsten A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Master curve for viscous crack healing N2 - A novel method to generalize kinetic data of viscous crack healing in glasses is proposed. The method assumes that crack healing progress is proportional to the healing time, t, and indirect proportional to viscosity, n. This way, crack length and crack width data, normalized to the initial crack length and plotted versus t/n, allow to compare crack healing progress for different cracks and healing temperatures in a master curve. Crack healing experiments conducted in this study demonstrate the applicability of this method for a commercial microscope slide glass. KW - Crack healing KW - Glass KW - Master curve KW - Vickers indentation PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.12.082 SN - 0167-577X SN - 1873-4979 VL - 216 SP - 110 EP - 112 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-44300 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lüchtenborg, Jörg A1 - Mühler, T. A1 - Zocca, Andrea A1 - Günster, Jens T1 - Additive Manufacturing of Dense Ceramics with Laser Induced Slip Casting (LIS) N2 - The possibility to produce dense monolithic ceramic parts with additive manufacturing is at the moment restricted to small parts with low wall thickness. Up to now, the additive manufacturing of voluminous ceramic parts is realized by powder bed based processes which, however, generate parts with residual porosity. Via infiltration these parts can be processed to dense parts like for example SiC but this is not possible for all ceramics like for example Si3N4. There is a lack of methods for the additive manufacturing of dense voluminous parts for most ceramics. We have developed a new additive manufacturing technology, the Laser Induced Slip casting (LIS), based on the layerwise deposition of slurries and their local drying by laser radiation. Laser Induced Slip casting generates ceramic green bodies which can be sintered to dense ceramic components like traditional formed ceramic powder compacts. We will introduce the LIS technology, green bodies and sintered parts will be shown and their microstructure and mechanical properties will be discussed. T2 - 42nd International Conference and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY - Daytona Beach, FL, USA DA - 21.01.2018 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Ceramics PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44182 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dümichen, Erik A1 - Eisentraut, Paul A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Fast identification of microplastics using thermal extractions methods N2 - A new and full automated system for the analysis of microplastics in environmental samples is presented. T2 - BAM-BfR Seminar 2018 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.02.2018 KW - Mikroplastik KW - TED KW - Thermal degradation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44179 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martin-Sanchez, Pedro Maria A1 - Gebhardt, Christopher A1 - Toepel, Jörg A1 - Barry, J. A1 - Munzke, N. A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Monitoring microbial soiling in photovoltaic systems: A qPCR-based approach N2 - Soiling of photovoltaic (PV) systems compromises their performance causing a significant power loss and demanding periodical cleaning actions. This phenomenon raises great concerns in the solar energy field, thus leading to notable research efforts over the last decades. Soiling is caused by a dual action of dust deposition and biofouling. However, surprisingly, the microbiological contribution to PV soiling is often overlooked or underestimated. In this study, a variety of qPCR-based methods have been developed to quantify the microbial load of fungi, bacteria and phototrophs on PV panels. These protocols were evaluated by comparison with culturedependent methods, and were implemented with real solar plants for two years. The results show that the developed molecular methods are highly sensitive and reliable to monitor the microbial component of the soiling. Fungal biomass was clearly dominant in all analysed PV modules, while bacteria and phototrophs showed much lower abundance. Light microscopy and qPCR results revealed that melanised microcolonial fungi and phototrophs are the main biofilm-forming microorganisms on the studied solar panels. In particular, the fungal qPCR protocol is proposed as a useful tool for monitoring of PV soiling, and investigating the microbial contribution to specific soiling cases. KW - Solar panels KW - PV modules KW - Real-time qPCR KW - Bacteria KW - Fungi KW - Phototrophs PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.12.008 SN - 0964-8305 VL - 129 SP - 13 EP - 22 PB - Elsevier Science AN - OPUS4-43892 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Eisentraut, Paul A1 - Dümichen, Erik A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Kunststoffgehalte schnell bestimmen mit der TED-GC-MS N2 - Der Vortrag behandelt die Analyse von Kunststoffen in Umweltproben mit dem thermischen Verfahren TED-GC-MS. Das Verfahren und dessen Funktionsweise werden vorgestellt, erfolgte Optimierungen, Verfahrenskenndaten sowie Möglichkeiten der Quantifizierung behandelt. T2 - Projektübergreifendes Mikroplastikseminar BASEMAN, BONUS MICROPOLL, MiWa CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2017 KW - Mikroplastik KW - Analyse KW - TED-GC-MS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-43927 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Fast identification of microplastics using thermal extraction methods N2 - The presentation presents an overview about existing methods of microplastic detection with a special focus on thermo-analytical methods. T2 - Perkin Elmer Workshop Microplastics CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 11.01.2018 KW - Microplastics KW - TED-GC-MS KW - Analysis PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-43803 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rabe, Torsten A1 - Schulz, Bärbel A1 - Paulick, C. A1 - Kalinka, Gerhard T1 - Helical zirconia (TZP) springs manufacturing and testing under mechanical and thermal load N2 - Helical springs with a rectangular cross-section have been machined from sintered and grinded hollow cylinders with high geometrical precision and good reproducibility. Such springs made from tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (TZP) ceramic show excellent edge quality because of high fracture toughness and bending strength of the starting material. Hence, springs with desired geometric dimension and tailored spring constant can be manufactured for highly demanding applications at high temperatures and in harsh environments. Prior to any practical use, application limits of springs under mechanical and thermal load have to be analyzed. Therefore, different displacement experiments were carried out on the helical TZP springs. - Dynamic displacement tests at various temperatures from -15°C to +60°C using a piezo actor to load/unload springs with frequencies between 1 and 40 Hz: Springs remained undamaged and the spring constants were not altered, even after more than one million cycles of compression loading. - Long-time displacement measurements under static tensile loading at room temperature with a high-precision interferometer test facility: Significant spring elongation under constant strain was surprisingly proved over a period of many hours already at room temperature. - Creeping experiments for 48 h under static compression load at different temperatures up to 1000 °C: After cooling down and load removing no permanent length reduction of springs was observed for test temperatures up to 700 °C. However, reshaping of TZP springs by plastic deformation is possible at higher temperatures and opens up additional possibilities for spring design and manufacturing. T2 - German Ceramic Society, Annual Meeting 2018 CY - München, Germany DA - 09.04.2018 KW - Ceramic springs KW - Manufacturing KW - Mechanical and thermal testing PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44728 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalinka, Gerhard A1 - Sahin, M. A1 - Schlögl, S. A1 - Wang, J. A1 - Kaynak, B. A1 - Mühlbacher, I. A1 - Ziegler, W. A1 - Kern, W. A1 - Grützmacher, H. T1 - Tailoring the interfaces in glass fiber-reinforced photopolymer composites N2 - The present work provides a comparative study on the interface and adhesion properties of surface modified single glass fibers embedded in an acrylate matrix. To facilitate a covalent bonding at the fibermatrix interface, the fibers are functionalized with selected organosilanes that comprise either passive (unsaturated C¼C bonds of methacrylate moieties) or photoactive functionalities (photocleavable bis(acyl)phosphane oxide groups). Immobilization of the functional silanes is carried out by a classic silanization reaction involving a condensation reaction across the surface hydroxyl groups of the inorganic glass fibers. The change of the physico-chemical properties of the fibers due to desizing and subsequent surface modification is monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements. In addition, scanning electron microscopy is used to follow the changes in surface morphology. After the modification step, the desized and modified single fibers are embedded in a photocurable acrylate resin formulation. By performing single fiber pull-out tests, maximum pull-out force, friction strength and apparent interfacial shear strength are determined as a function of the coupled silanes. The results reveal that the attached organosilanes lead to a significant increase in adhesion strength, whilst the performance of the photo-cleavable organosilane is superior to the passive methacryl-functional derivative. KW - Photocleavable organosilanes KW - Fiber-matrix interface KW - Photopolymer composites KW - Single fiber pull-out test KW - Surface modification PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2018.03.020 SN - 0032-3861 VL - 141 SP - 221 EP - 231 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - New York AN - OPUS4-44784 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - Analytik von Mikroplastik mittels TED-GC-MS N2 - Der Vortrag stellt spektroskopische und neue thermoanalytische Verfahren zum Nachweis von Mikroplastik dar. Ein spezieller Focus ist auf der Anwendung edr Verfahren für terrestrische Proben. T2 - Fachgespräch Feststoffuntersuchungen 2018 CY - Essen Werden, Germany DA - 05.03.2018 KW - Mikroplastik KW - Analytik KW - GC-MS KW - Thermische Analyse PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44525 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kraus, David A1 - Trappe, Volker T1 - Cyclic fatigue behavior of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin at ambient and elevated temperatures N2 - The fatigue behavior of ±45° glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin under cyclic mechanical and constant thermal loading is investigated in this study. Tests at three different temperature levels in the range 296 K to 343 K have been performed in order to create S-N curves for each temperature level. The specimen damage is measured in-situ using optical grayscale analysis. The characteristic damage state (CDS) is evaluated for each specimen. It is shown that the point of CDS is suitable as a failure criterion to compare the resulting S-N curves. With micromechanical formulations, the temperature-dependent matrix effort is calculated for each stress-temperature level. In terms of matrix effort, the longest fatigue life is reached at high temperatures, while, in terms of stress, the lowest fatigue life is reached at the highest temperatures. T2 - ECCM18 - 18th European conference on composite materials CY - Athens, Greece DA - 24.06.2018 KW - Composite KW - Fatigue KW - Thermomechanics KW - Residual stresses KW - Temperature PY - 2018 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - European society for composite materials AN - OPUS4-45338 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kraus, David A1 - Trappe, Volker T1 - Cyclic fatigue behavior of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin at ambient and elevated temperatures N2 - The fatigue behavior of ±45° glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin under cyclic mechanical and constant thermal loading is investigated in this study. Tests at three different temperature levels in the range 296 K to 343 K have been performed in order to create S-N curves for each temperature level. The specimen damage is measured in-situ using optical grayscale analysis. The characteristic damage state (CDS) is evaluated for each specimen. It is shown that the point of CDS is suitable as a failure criterion to compare the resulting S-N curves. With micromechanical formulations, the temperature-dependent matrix effort is calculated for each stress-temperature level. In terms of matrix effort, the longest fatigue life is reached at high temperatures, while, in terms of stress, the lowest fatigue life is reached at the highest temperatures. T2 - ECCM18 - 18th European conference on composite materials CY - Athens, Greece DA - 24.06.2018 KW - Composite KW - Fatigue KW - Thermomechanics KW - Residual stresses KW - Temperature PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45346 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Thiede, Tobias A1 - Cabeza, Sandra A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Nadammal, Naresh A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Bode, Johannes A1 - Haberland, C. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - An assessment of bulk residual stress in selective laser melted Inconel 718 N2 - Additive Manufacturing (AM) of metals has become industrially viable for a large variety of applications, including aerospace, automotive and medicine. Powder bed techniques such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) based on layer-by-layer deposition and laser melt enable numerous degrees of freedom for the geometrical design. Developing during the manufacturing process, residual stresses may limit the application of SLM parts by reducing the load bearing capacity as well as induce unwanted distortion depending on the boundary conditions specified in manufacturing. The residual stress distribution in the bulk of IN718 elongated prisms produced by SLM was studied non-destructively by means of neutron diffraction. The samples with different scanning strategies, i.e. hatching length, were measured in as-build condition (on a build plate) and after removal from the build plate. The absolute values of all stress components decreased after removal from the build plate. Together with surface scan utilizing a coordinate-measuring machine (CMM), it is possible to link the stress release to the sample distortion. Obtained results indicated different residual stress states for each of the transversal, longitudinal and normal component depending on the thermal gradient in the respective direction. T2 - ECNDT 2018 CY - Göteborg, Sweden DA - 11.06.2018 KW - Residual stress KW - Selective laser melting KW - Neutron diffraction KW - IN718 PY - 2018 UR - http://cdn.ecndt2018.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/ecndt-0315-2018-File001.pdf SP - 1 AN - OPUS4-45325 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Schadow, Florian A1 - Nielow, Dustin A1 - Trappe, Volker T1 - Prüfung von Rotorblattschalen mit Luftultraschall N2 - Um den sicheren Betrieb von Windkraftanlagen zu gewährleisten, werden Rotorblätter nach der Fertigung und nach Reparatur mit verschiedenen zerstörungsfreien Verfahren auf Schaden untersucht. Bei der Fertigung von Blattschalen, die in einer Sandwich-Schalenbauweise gefertigt werden, entstehen Imperfektionen, die unter Belastung zu großen Rissen führen können. Zur Prüfung von Blattschalen wird unter anderem Ultraschallprüfung in Kontakttechnik eingesetzt. Um den Wartungsaufwand von Ultraschallanlagen zu reduzieren und um manche Kompositstrukturen vor Koppelmittel zu schützen, wird die Anwendung von Luftultraschall erforscht. Insbesondere große Fortschritte gibt es im Bereich der Entwicklung neuer Wandler. In diesem Beitrag berichten wir über die Luftultraschallprüfung von Schalen für Rotorblätter. Es wurden typische Sandwichschalenstrukturen hergestellt und mit einem eigenentwickelten Schalenprüfstand unter simulierter Betriebsbeanspruchung belastet. Die in den Schalenprüfkörpern entstandenen Schäden wurden außerhalb des Prüfstandes mit Luftultraschall in Durchschallung untersucht. Es wurden fokussierende Wandler auf Basis von Ferroelektreten entwickelt und für diese Prüfungen eingesetzt. Mit zusätzlicher elektrischer Vorspannung konnte die Empfindlichkeit der Empfänger deutlich erhöht werden. Die nach dem Lastwechsel entstandenen Schäden in den Rotorblattschalen waren eindeutig zu detektieren. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 07.05.2018 KW - Wandler KW - Rotorblattschalen KW - Luftultraschall KW - Ferroelektret PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-453066 SP - 7 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e.V. (DGZfP) AN - OPUS4-45306 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Schadow, Florian A1 - Nielow, Dustin A1 - Trappe, Volker T1 - Prüfung von Rotorblattschalen mit Luftultraschall N2 - Um den sicheren Betrieb von Windkraftanlagen zu gewährleisten, werden Rotorblätter nach der Fertigung und nach Reparatur mit verschiedenen zerstörungsfreien Verfahren auf Schaden untersucht. Bei der Fertigung von Blattschalen, die in einer Sandwich-Schalenbauweise gefertigt werden, entstehen Imperfektionen, die unter Belastung zu großen Rissen führen können. Zur Prüfung von Blattschalen wird unter anderem Ultraschallprüfung in Kontakttechnik eingesetzt. Um den Wartungsaufwand von Ultraschallanlagen zu reduzieren und um manche Kompositstrukturen vor Koppelmittel zu schützen, wird die Anwendung von Luftultraschall erforscht. Insbesondere große Fortschritte gibt es im Bereich der Entwicklung neuer Wandler. In diesem Beitrag berichten wir über die Luftultraschallprüfung von Schalen für Rotorblätter. Es wurden typische Sandwichschalenstrukturen hergestellt und mit einem eigenentwickelten Schalenprüfstand unter simulierter Betriebsbeanspruchung belastet. Die in den Schalenprüfkörpern entstandenen Schäden wurden außerhalb des Prüfstandes mit Luftultraschall in Durchschallung untersucht. Es wurden fokussierende Wandler auf Basis von Ferroelektreten entwickelt und für diese Prüfungen eingesetzt. Mit zusätzlicher elektrischer Vorspannung konnte die Empfindlichkeit der Empfänger deutlich erhöht werden. Die nach dem Lastwechsel entstandenen Schäden in den Rotorblattschalen waren eindeutig zu detektieren. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 07.05.2018 KW - Wandler KW - Rotorblattschalen KW - Luftultraschall KW - Ferroelektret PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45307 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dittmann, Daniel A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Jekel, M. A1 - Ruhl, A. S. T1 - Thermoanalytische Verfahren in der Umweltanalytik: Neue Methoden für die weitergehende Abwasserbehandlung mit Aktivkohle N2 - In diesem Beitrag werden zwei Möglichkeiten zur Quantifizierung von PAK in Belebtschlamm durch thermogravimetrische Methoden beschrieben sowie der Einfluss von PAK auf die Biomasse mittels Zersetzungsgasanalyse nachgewiesen. T2 - Wasser 2018 CY - Papenburg, Germany DA - 07.05.2018 KW - Thermogravimetrie KW - Belebtschlamm KW - Infrarotspektroskopie KW - Thermoanalyse KW - Pulveraktivkohle PY - 2018 SN - 978-3-947197-05-7 SP - 301 EP - 305 AN - OPUS4-44972 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dittmann, Daniel A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Jekel, M. A1 - Ruhl, A. S. T1 - Thermoanalytische Verfahren in der Umweltanalytik: Neue Methoden für die weitergehende Abwasserbehandlung mit Aktivkohle N2 - Motivation: > Zunehmender Einsatz von Pulveraktivkohle (PAK) zur Spurenstoffelimination in kommunalen Kläranlagen > Bisher keine analytische Methode zur Quantifizierung von PAK in Belebungsbecken, bzw. in Gegenwart von Belebtschlamm > Anwendung der Thermogravimetrischen Analyse (TGA) zur Feststoffcharakterisierung auf Umweltfragestellungen Ergebnisse: > Quantifizierung von PAK in Belebtschlamm ist möglich und kann über unterschiedliche zweistufige TGA-Methoden erfolgen > Zersetzungsgasanalyse zeigt veränderte und verzögerte Freisetzung aliphatischer Produkte des Belebtschlamms T2 - Wasser 2018 CY - Papenburg, Germany DA - 07.05.2018 KW - Thermogravimetrie KW - Belebtschlamm KW - Infrarotspektroskopie KW - Thermoanalyse KW - Pulveraktivkohle PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44974 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dittmann, Daniel A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Jekel, M. A1 - Ruhl, A. S. T1 - Quantification and characterisation of activated carbon in activated sludge by thermogravimetric and evolved gas analyses N2 - Advanced wastewater treatment with powdered activated carbon (PAC) leads to a spread of PAC into different purification stages of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) due to recirculation and filter back-wash. Currently, no methods for quantification of PAC in activated sludge are available. In this study, PAC containing activated sludge from four WWTP were examined by two-step thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with heating up to 600°C in N2 and subsequently in synthetic air. Direct quantification of PAC according to temperature specific weight losses was possible for one WWTP. Quantification by combining specific mass losses was found to be an alternative direct method, with a detection limit of 1.2% PAC in dry sample mass. Additionally, evolved gas analysis (EGA) by infrared-spectroscopy (FTIR) during TGA revealed interaction mechanisms between PAC and activated sludge. Aliphatic compounds from activated sludge were identified as major substances influenced by PAC. In derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), a typical double peak at approximately 300°C was found to be related to carbonylic species with increased evolution of acetic acid in aged activated sludge. TGA and EGA are promising tools to understand, control and optimise the application of PAC in advanced wastewater treatment. KW - Advanced wastewater treatment KW - Powdered activated carbon KW - Sewage treatment plant KW - Thermoanalysis KW - Thermogravimetry KW - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy PY - 2018 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213343718301313 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.03.010 SN - 2213-3437 VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 2222 EP - 2231 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-44978 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mueller, Axel A1 - Duemichen, E. A1 - Eisentraut, Paul A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Scholz, K. A1 - Bannick, C.-G. T1 - Analysing microplastics in samples of terrestrial systems N2 - The presence, fate and effects of microplastics (MP) in terrestrial systems are largely unknown. The few existing studies investigated either agricultural or industrial sites. Several techniques were used for analysis, primarly spectroscopic methods such as FTIR or Raman. Sample pretreatments like density separations are common to reduce matrix. A lack of harmonised and standardised sampling instructions for microplastic investigations in the terrestrial area was identified as particular critical, because different studies are barely comparable. The aim of the project is to develop a proposal for a harmonized procedure for sampling, sample preparation and the detection of microplastics in terrestrial matrices for total content determination. By detecting specific degradation products the thermal extraction desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TED-GC-MS) allows a direct determination of mass content of MP in environmental samples. T2 - SETAC 2018 CY - Rome, Italy DA - 13.05.2018 KW - Microplastics KW - Soil sample KW - TED-GC-MS KW - Analysis PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44988 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dittmann, Daniel T1 - Charakterisierung und selektive Quantifizierung von Aktivkohle N2 - Pulveraktivkohle (PAK) ist für die Spurenstoffelimination in der kommunalen Abwasserbehandlung sehr bedeutsam. Eine neue Methode hilft die PAK-Konzentration im Belebungsbecken einer Kläranlage analytisch zu bestimmen und bietet Möglichkeiten Adsorptionsmechanismen besser zu verstehen. KW - Thermogravimetrie KW - Pulveraktivkohle KW - Infrarotspektroskopie PY - 2018 SN - 1438-5716 SN - 0043-0986 VL - 68 IS - 4 SP - 16 EP - 17 PB - Huss-Medien GmbH CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-45030 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea A1 - Lima, Pedro A1 - Lüchtenborg, Jörg A1 - Mühler, T. A1 - Diener, S. A1 - Katsikis, N. A1 - Günster, Jens T1 - LSD- 3D printing: Powder based Additive Manufacturing, from porcelain to technical ceramics N2 - Powder based Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes are widely used for metallic and polymeric materials, but rarely commercially used for ceramic materials, especially for technical ceramics. This seemingly contradicting observation is explained by the fact that in powder based AM, a dry flowable powder needs to be used. Technical ceramics powders are in fact typically very fine and poorly flowable, which makes them not suitable for AM. The layerwise slurry deposition (LSD) is an innovative process for the deposition of powder layers with a high packing density for powder based AM. In the LSD process, a ceramic slurry is deposited to form thin powder layers, rather than using a dry powder This allows the use of fine powders and achieves high packing density (55-60%) in the layers after drying. When coupled with a printing head or with a laser source, the LSD enables novel AM technologies which are similar to *Denotes Presenter 42nd International Conference & Exposition on Advanced Ceramics & Composites 127 Abstracts the 3D printing or selective laser sintering, but taking advantage of having a highly dense powder bed. The LSD -3D printing, in particular, offers the potential of producing large (> 100 mm) and high quality ceramic parts, with microstructure and properties similar to traditional processing. This presentation will give an overview of the milestones in the development of this technology, with focus on the latest results applied both to silicate and to technical ceramics. T2 - 42nd International Conference & Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY - Daytona, FL, USA DA - 21.01.2018 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - 3D printing KW - Ceramic KW - Alumina KW - Porcelain KW - Silicon Carbide PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44017 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheuerlein, C. A1 - Finn, Monika A1 - Meyer, Christian A1 - Lackner, F. A1 - Savary, F. A1 - Rehmer, Birgit T1 - Thermomechanical Behavior of the HL-LHC 11 Tesla Nb3Sn Magnet Coil Constituents During Reaction Heat Treatment N2 - The knowledge of the temperature-induced changes of the superconductor volume and of the thermomechanical behavior of the different coil and tooling materials is required for predicting the coil geometry and the stress distribution in the coil after the Nb3Sn reaction heat treatment. In this paper, we have measured the Young’s and shear moduli of the HL-LHC 11 T Nb3Sn dipole magnet coil and reaction tool constituents during in situ heat cycles with the dynamic resonance method. The thermal expansion behaviors of the coil components and of a free standing Nb3Sn wire were compared based on dilation experiments. KW - Superconducting magnet KW - Young`s modulus KW - Thermal expansion KW - Stress-strain-behavior PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2018.2792485 SN - 1051-8223 SN - 1558-2515 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 4003806 - 1 EP - 4003806 - 6 PB - IEEE Council on Superconductivity CY - New York AN - OPUS4-44020 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wisniewski, W. A1 - Thieme, C. A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Groß-Barsnick, S.-M. A1 - Rüssel, C. T1 - Oriented surface nucleation and crystal growth in a 18BaO·22CaO·60SiO2 mol% glass used for SOFC seals N2 - A glass of the composition 37BaO·16CaO·47SiO2 wt% produced on an industrial scale is crystallized at 970 °C for times ranging from 15 min to 2 h. The crystallization at the immediate surface as well as the crystal growth into the bulk are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) including energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) as well as X-ray diffraction in the Θ–2Θ setup (XRD). The immediate surface shows the oriented nucleation of walstromite as well as the formation of wollastonite and an unknown phase of the composition BaCaSi3O8. All three phases also grow into the bulk where walstromite ultimately dominates the kinetic selection and grows throughout the bulk due to a lack of bulk nucleation. Walstromite shows systematic orientation changes as well as twinning during growth. A critical analysis of the XRD-patterns acquired from various crystallized samples indicates that their evaluation is problematic and that phases detected by XRD in this system should be verified by another method such as EDXS. KW - Glass KW - Surface nucleation KW - Orientation KW - EBSD PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ce02008b VL - 20 IS - 6 SP - 787 EP - 795 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-44405 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - von Hartrott, P. A1 - Rockenhäuser, Christian A1 - Schriever, Sina A1 - Metzger, M. A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Correlation of the precipitate size evolution and the creep rate of the aluminum alloy EN AW 2618A at 190 °C N2 - Ther results of research on correlation of precipitate size Evolution and the creep rate of the Aluminium alloy EN AW 2618A at 190 °C was presented. T2 - ICAA16 CY - Montreal, Canada DA - 17.06.2018 KW - Alloy 2618A KW - Creep KW - Aluminium KW - Coarsening PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45283 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - von Hartrott, P. A1 - Rockenhäuser, Christian A1 - Schriever, Sina A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Correlation of the precipitate size evolution and the creep rate of the aluminium alloy EN AW 2618A at 190 °C N2 - A short description of the work done on the topic "Correlation of the precipitate size evolution and the creep rate of the aluminium alloy EN AW 2618A at 190 °C" is given. T2 - International Conference on Aluminium Alloys 16 CY - Montreal, Canada DA - 17.06.2018 KW - Alloy 2618A KW - Degradation KW - Aluminium KW - Creep KW - Coarsening PY - 2018 SN - 978-1-926872-41-4 SP - 99 AN - OPUS4-45284 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rockenhäuser, Christian A1 - Augenstein, E. A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Long term ageing of alloy 2618A N2 - The result of an Investigation of the "Long term ageing of alloy 2618A" are discussed. T2 - International Conference on Aluminium Alloys 16 CY - Montreal, Canada DA - 17.06.2018 KW - Alloy 2818A KW - Aluminium KW - Coarsening KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - S-phase PY - 2018 SP - Paper 400101 AN - OPUS4-45287 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -