TY - CONF A1 - Rütters, R. A1 - Fisher, S. A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Maßmann, J. A1 - Ostertag-Henning, C. A1 - Lennard Wolf, J. A1 - Pumpa, M. A1 - Lubenau, U. A1 - Knauer, S. A1 - Jaeger, P. A1 - Neumann, A. A1 - Svensson, K. A1 - Pöllmann, H. A1 - Lempp, C. A1 - Menezes, F. A1 - Hagemann, B. T1 - Towards defining reasonable minimum composition thresholds – impacts of variable CO2 stream compositions on transport, injection and storage N2 - The collaborative project “Impacts of impurities in CO2 streams captured from different emitters in a regional cluster on transport, injection and storage (CLUSTER)” aimed to set up recommendations on how to define “reasonable minimum composition thresholds” that CO2 streams should meet when accessing CO2 transport pipeline networks. Within CLUSTER, we investigated potential impacts of CO2 streams with different and temporally variable compositions and mass flow rates along the whole CCS chain. Investigations included, amongst others, impacts on: Corrosion of pipeline steel, pipeline network design and related transport costs, alteration of well bore cements, pressure evelopment and rock integrity, geochemical reactions, and petrophysical and geomechanical rock properties. All investigations are based on a generic CCS chain scenario. In this scenario, CO2 streams are captured from a spatial cluster of eleven emitters and collected in a regional pipeline network. Emitters comprise seven fossil fuel-fired power plants equipped with different capture technologies, two cement plants, one refinery and one integrated iron and steel plant. In total, 19.78 Mio t CO2 (including impurities) are captured in the emitter cluster annually. The combined CO2 stream is transported in a trunk line with a length of 400 km (100 km of these offshore) and is injected into five generic storage structures. The storage reservoirs are saline aquifers of the Buntsandstein. The investigations revealed beneficial and deteriorating impacts of different impurities and combinations thereof. Overall, no fundamental technical obstacles for transporting, injecting and storing CO2 streams of the modelled variable compositions and mass flow rates were observed. Based on the results, the CLUSTER project team recommends not to define “minimum composition thresholds” for CO2 streams as strict threshold values for eachindividual impurity in the stream. Instead, CO2 stream compositions and variabilities for specific CCS projects should be constrained with regard to a set of parameters including i) the overall CO2 content, ii) maximum contents of relevant impurities or elements, iii) acceptable variability of CO2 stream composition, and iv)impurity combinations to be avoided. T2 - 15th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-15 CY - Online meeting DA - 15.03.2021 KW - Corrosion KW - Impurities KW - CO2 quality KW - Pipeline network KW - Whole-chain CCS scenario KW - Recommendations PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52419 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rütters, H. A1 - Fischer, S. A1 - Le, Quynh A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Maßmann, J. A1 - Ostertag-Henning, C. A1 - Wolf, J. Lennard A1 - Pumpa, M. A1 - Lubenau, U. A1 - Knauer, S. A1 - Jaeger, P. A1 - Neumann, A. A1 - Svensson, K. A1 - Lempp, C. A1 - Menezes, F. A1 - Hagemann, B. T1 - Towards defining reasonable minimum composition thresholds – impacts of variable CO2 stream compositions on transport, injection and storage T2 - 15th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-15 N2 - The collaborative project “Impacts of impurities in CO2 streams captured from different emitters in a regional cluster on transport, injection and storage (CLUSTER)” aimed to set up recommendations on how to define “reasonable minimum composition thresholds” that CO2 streams should meet when accessing CO2 transport pipeline networks. Within CLUSTER, we investigated potential impacts of CO2 streams with different and temporally variable compositions and mass flow rates along the whole CCS chain. Investigations included, amongst others, impacts on: Corrosion of pipeline steel, pipeline network design and related transport costs, alteration of well bore cements, pressure development and rock integrity, geochemical reactions, and petrophysical and geomechanical rock properties. All investigations are based on a generic CCS chain scenario. In this scenario, CO2 streams are captured from a spatial cluster of eleven emitters and collected in a regional pipeline network. Emitters comprise seven fossil fuel-fired power plants equipped with different capture technologies, two cement plants, one refinery and one integrated iron and steel plant. In total, 19.78 Mio t CO2 (including impurities) are captured in the emitter cluster annually. The combined CO2 stream is transported in a trunk line with a length of 400 km (100 km of these offshore) and is injected into five generic storage structures. The storage reservoirs are saline aquifers of the Buntsandstein. The investigations revealed beneficial and deteriorating impacts of different impurities and combinations thereof. Overall, no fundamental technical obstacles for transporting, injecting and storing CO2 streams of the modelled variable compositions and mass flow rates were observed. Based on the results, the CLUSTER project team recommends not to define “minimum composition thresholds” for CO2 streams as strict threshold values for each individual impurity in the stream. Instead, CO2 stream compositions and variabilities for specific CCS projects should be constrained with regard to a set of parameters including i) the overall CO2 content, ii) maximum contents of relevant impurities or elements, iii) acceptable variability of CO2 stream composition, and iv) impurity combinations to be avoided. T2 - 15th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-15 CY - Online meeting DA - 15.03.2021 KW - Corrosion KW - Impurities KW - CO2 quality KW - Pipeline network KW - Whole-chain CCS scenario KW - Recommendations PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3816427 SP - 1 EP - 18 AN - OPUS4-52418 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rütters, H A1 - Fischer, S A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Maßmann, J A1 - Ostertag-Henning, C A1 - Lennard Wolf, J A1 - Pumpa, M A1 - Lubenau, U A1 - Knauer, S A1 - Jaeger, P A1 - Neumann, A A1 - Svensson, K A1 - Pöllmann, H A1 - Lempp, C A1 - Menezes, F A1 - Hagemann, B T1 - Towards Defining Reasonable Minimum Composition Thresholds – Impacts of Variable CO2 Stream Compositions on Transport, Injection and Storage T2 - Proceedings of the 15th Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies Conference 15-18 March 2021 N2 - The collaborative project “Impacts of impurities in CO2 streams captured from different emitters in a regional cluster on transport, injection and storage (CLUSTER)” aimed to set up recommendations on how to define “reasonable minimum composition thresholds” that CO2 streams should meet when accessing CO2 transport pipeline networks. Within CLUSTER, we investigated potential impacts of CO2 streams with different and temporally variable compositions and mass flow rates along the whole CCS chain. Investigations included, amongst others, impacts on: • corrosion of pipeline steel, • pipeline network design and related transport costs, • alteration of well bore cements, • pressure development and rock integrity, • geochemical reactions, and • petrophysical and geomechanical rock properties. All investigations are based on a generic CCS chain scenario. In this scenario, CO2 streams are captured from a spatial cluster of eleven emitters and collected in a regional pipeline network. Emitters comprise seven fossil fuel-fired power plants equipped with different capture technologies, two cement plants, one refinery and one integrated iron and steel plant. In total, 19.78 Mio t CO2 (including impurities) are captured in the emitter cluster annually. The combined CO2 stream is transported in a trunk line with a length of 400 km (100 km of these offshore) and is injected into five generic storage structures. The storage reservoirs are saline aquifers of the Buntsandstein. The investigations revealed beneficial and deteriorating impacts of different impurities and combinations thereof. Overall, no fundamental technical obstacles for transporting, injecting and storing CO2 streams of the modelled variable compositions and mass flow rates were observed. Based on the results, the CLUSTER project team recommends not to define “minimum composition thresholds” for CO2 streams as strict threshold values for each individual impurity in the stream. Instead, CO2 stream compositions and variabilities for specific CCS projects should be constrained with regard to a set of parameters including i) the overall CO2 content, ii) maximum contents of relevant impurities or elements, iii) acceptable variability of CO2 stream composition, and iv) impurity combinations to be avoided. T2 - The 15th Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies Conference CY - Online meeting DA - 15.03.2021 KW - Corrosion KW - Impurities KW - CO2 quality KW - Pipeline network KW - Whole-chain CCS scenario KW - Recommendations PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3816427 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Elservier AN - OPUS4-52940 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schilling, Markus A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Towards digitalization of materials in PMD: An application ontology of the tensile test N2 - Due to the diversity of materials and the processes associated with their production and use, the complexity of the lifecycles of materials and the multitude of academic and industrial researchers participating in generation of data for material design impose a huge challenge. The topical goal of digitalizing materials and processes can only be adequately addressed by consolidating the efforts of all stakeholders in this field. There are many scattered activities, but there is a demand for an elimination of redundancies as well as an advance in acceptance and a common basis in the digitalization of materials. Furthermore, data analysis methods play an important role in both, the experimental and simulation-based digital description of materials, but they have been poorly structured so far. Therefore, the two joint projects Platform Material Digital (PMD, materialdigital.de) and Materials open Laboratory (Mat-o-Lab, matolab.de) aim to contribute to a standardized description of data processing methods in materials research. Besides stimulating the formation of a collaborative community in this respect, their main technical goals are the quality assurance of the processes and the output data, the acquisition and definition of their accuracy as well as the interoperability between applications. In this regard, data management in accordance with the FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability, reuseability) principles is addressed. There is a common agreement in the scientific community following current discussions that data is supposed to be conform to these principles. This includes storage, processing and querying of data in a preferably standardized form. To meet the challenge to contextualize material data in a way that is consistent with all stakeholders, all necessary information on the condition of the material including production and application-related changes have to be made available via a uniform, machine-readable description. For this purpose, ontologies are to be used since they allow for machine-understandable knowledge representations and conceptualizations that are needed for data management and the digitalization in the field of materials science. As first efforts in PMD and Mat-o-Lab, application ontologies are created to explicitly describe processes and test methods. Thereby, the well-known tensile test of metals at room temperature was described ontologically in accordance with the respective ISO standard 6892-1:2019-11. The efforts in creating this tensile test application ontology are shown in this presentation. Especially, the path of ontology development based on standards to be pursued is focused, which is in accordance with the generic recommendations for ontology development and which is supposed to be exemplary for the creation of other application ontologies. T2 - VirtMet: 1st International Workshop on Metrology for Virtual Measuring Instruments and Digital Twins CY - Online meeting DA - 21.09.2021 KW - Platform Material Digital (PMD) KW - Ontology KW - Tensile test KW - Standard KW - Ontology development PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53481 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sprengel, Maximilian A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Sommer, Konstantin A1 - Werner, Tiago A1 - Kelleher, J. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Towards the optimization of post-laser powder bed fusion stress-relieve treatments of stainless steel 316L JF - Metallurgical and materials transactions A N2 - This study reports on the stress relaxation potential of stress-relieving heat treatments for laser powder bed fused 316L. The residual stress is monitored non-destructively using neutron diffraction before and after the heat treatment. Moreover, the evolution of the microstructure is analysed using scanning electron microscopy. The results show, that a strong relaxation of the residual stress is obtained when applying a heat treatment temperature at 900°C. However, the loss of the cellular substructure needs to be considered when applying this heat treatment strategy. KW - Residual stress KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Neutron diffraction KW - Projekt AGIL - Alterung additiv gefertigter metallischer Materialien und Komponenten PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-536045 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06472-6 SN - 1543-1940 VL - 52 IS - 12 SP - 5342 EP - 5356 PB - Springer CY - Boston AN - OPUS4-53604 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tokarski, T. A1 - Nolze, Gert A1 - Winkelmann, A. A1 - Rychlowski, L. A1 - Bala, P. A1 - Cios, G. T1 - Transmission Kikuchi diffraction: The impact of the signal-to-noise ratio JF - Ultramicroscopy N2 - Signal optimization for transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) measurements in the scanning electron microscope is investigated by a comparison of different sample holder designs. An optimized design is presented, which uses a metal shield to efficiently trap the electron beam after transmission through the sample. For comparison, a second holder configuration allows a significant number of the transmitted electrons to scatter back from the surface of the sample holder onto the diffraction camera screen. It is shown that the secondary interaction with the sample holder leads to a significant increase in the background level, as well as to additional noise in the final Kikuchi diffraction signal. The clean TKD signal of the optimized holder design with reduced background scattering makes it possible to use small signal changes in the range of 2% of the camera full dynamic range. As is shown by an analysis of the power spectrum, the signal-to-noise ratio in the processed Kikuchi diffraction patterns is improved by an order of magnitude. As a result, the optimized design allows an increase in pattern signal to noise ratio which may lead to increase in measurement speed and indexing reliability. KW - EBSD KW - SEM KW - Transmission Kikuchi diffraction KW - Sample holder PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-531743 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113372 SN - 0304-3991 SN - 1879-2723 VL - 230 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-53174 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraus, David A1 - Trappe, Volker T1 - Transverse damage in glass fiber reinforced polymer under thermo-mechanical loading JF - Composites Part C N2 - In this study, the thermomechanical damage behavior of a glass fiber reinforced polymer material is investigated. The coefficients of thermal expansion of the composite as well as the matrix are measured in a wide temperature range. Quasi-static experiments with neat resin, unidirectional and multidirectional laminates are performed as well as fatigue experiments in a temperature range from 213 K to 343 K. This study focusses on the matrix damage due to fiber-parallel loading. A correlation between matrix effort, the dilatational strain energy of the matrix and the damage state of the specimen is demonstrated. It is shown that a fatigue life assessment can be performed with the aid of a temperature-independent master fatigue curve. KW - Composite KW - Glass fiber reinforced polymer KW - Thermo-mechanics KW - Fatigue KW - Damage KW - Temperature PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-527462 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomc.2021.100147 SN - 2666-6820 VL - 5 SP - 100147 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-52746 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Manzoni, Anna Maria A1 - Haas, S. A1 - Glatzel, U. T1 - Tuning high entropy alloys towards superalloy applications N2 - The discovery of the high entropy concept at the beginning of the 3rd millennium lead to a worldwide increase in metallurgical research, as the possible element combinations seemed nearly endless and the range of applications wide. In the early years of research, one of the main goals was the discovery of a single-phase high entropy alloy. As research evolved, it was found that properties could be enhanced by opening the HE-concept towards multiphase alloys, and from the wide area of possibilities our group chose a tuning of the properties towards high temperature application. Compositionally complex Al10Co25Cr8Fe15Ni36Ti6 alloy, which is single-phase at high temperature, around 1200°C, shows a three phase morphology at intermediate temperatures, around 800°C. A high temperature homogenization procedure has to be applied in order to decrease the segregation induced by the dendritic growth. Subsequent annealing promotes the formation of the strengthening γ' precipitates. The alloy shows a positive lattice misfit between the γ and the γ' phase, which can be an indicator for good creep properties. The microstructure can be optimized by adding trace elements such as Mo and Hf, known as γ and γ' strengtheners in Ni-based superalloys, respectively. Atom probe measurements show that Mo segregates into the γ matrix, and Hf prefers the γ' precipitates, where it increases the lattice parameter and thus also the lattice misfit, by about 50%. The alloy family shows interesting mechanical properties, especially the Al9.5Co25Cr8Fe15Ni36Ti6Hf0,5 alloy – its tensile properties are better than those of commercial Alloy 800H and IN617 at temperatures up to 700°C. T2 - BAM Abteilungsseminar CY - Online meeting DA - 21.01.2021 KW - High entropy alloys KW - Compositionally complex alloys KW - Superalloys KW - Hochentropie-Legierung KW - Legierung mit komplexer Zusammensetzung KW - Superlegierung PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52442 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Thuy, Maximilian A1 - Niebergall, Ute A1 - Böhning, Martin T1 - Umgebungsbedingter Spannungsriss: Gefahr für Kunststoffbauteile unter Medieneinfluss N2 - Polyethylen hoher Dichte (PE-HD) ist ein weit verbreitetes Material für Transportbehälter, die oft für eine längere Nutzungsdauer vorgesehen sind. Insbesondere in diesem Fall können mikroskopische Schäden im Material auch weit unterhalb der Streckgrenze auftreten, die durch eine Spannungskonzentration verursacht werden, deren Ursprung in intrinsischen Materialfehlern oder äußeren Kratzern liegt. Mit fortschreitender Schädigung bilden sich Rissstrukturen, die von verstreckten Fibrillen aufgespannt werden, bis es zum Versagen dieser Fibrillen kommt und sich der Riss ausbreitet. Dieser Schadensmechanismus des langsamen Risswachstums kann durch eine Vielzahl von Umgebungsmedien beschleunigt werden und wird dann als "environmental stress cracking" (ESC) bezeichnet. Eine international normierte Methode zur Validierung der Spannungsrissbeständigkeit von PE-HD Materialien ist der „Full Notch Creep Test“ (FNCT). Anhand von Bruchflächenauswertungen mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie, werden die typischen Schädigungsstrukturen des ESC sichtbar. Die fibrillierten Strukturen des ESC auf der Bruchfläche von PE-HD ergeben sich besonders bei oberflächenaktiven wässrigen Umgebungsmedien. In Lösungsmittel-Umgebungsmedien, im Zusammenspiel mit PE-HD, kommt es aufgrund der plastifizierenden Wirkung zur Herabsetzung der Streckspannung und Bruchflächen aus dem FNCT veranschaulichen keine signifikanten Anzeichen des Schädigungsmechanismus ESC. T2 - 47. VDI-Jahrestagung Schadensanalyse 2021- Mediale und klimatische Beanspruchung von polymeren Produkten CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 06.10.2021 KW - Umgebungsbedingter Spannungsriss KW - Polyethylen hoher Dichte KW - Full Notch Creep Test KW - Lösungsmittel KW - Oberflächenaktive wässrige Medien KW - Bruchflächenauswertung PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53665 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Rouxel, T. A1 - Behrens, H. A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Vacuum crack growth in alkali silicate glasses JF - Journal of non-crystalline solids N2 - Crack growth velocity in alkali silicate glasses was measured in vacuum across 10 orders of magnitude with double cantilever beam technique. Measured and literature crack growth data were compared with calculated intrinsic fracture toughness data obtained from Young´s moduli and the theoretical fracture surface energy estimated from chemical bond energies. Data analysis reveals significant deviations from this intrinsic brittle fracture behavior. These deviations do not follow simple compositional trends. Two opposing processes may explain this finding: a decrease in the apparent fracture surface energy due to stress-induced chemical changes at the crack tip and its increase due to energy dissipation during fracture. KW - Silicate glass KW - Brittle fracture KW - Crack growth KW - Calculated intrinsic fracture toughness PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2021.121094 SN - 0022-3093 VL - 572 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-53144 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Derlet, P. A1 - Bocquet, H. A1 - Maaß, Robert T1 - Viscosity and transport in a model fragile metallic glass JF - Physical review materials N2 - How thermally activated structural excitations quantitatively mediate transport and microplasticity in a model binary glass at the microsecond timescale is revealed using atomistic simulation. These local excitations, involving a stringlike sequence of atomic displacements, admit a far-field shear-stress signature and underlie the transport of free-volume and bond geometry. Such transport is found to correspond to the Evolution of a disclination network describing the spatial connectivity of topologically distinct bonding environments, demonstrating the important role of geometrical frustration in both glass structure and its underlying dynamics. KW - Metallic glass KW - Viscosity PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.5.125601 SN - 2475-9953 VL - 5 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park, MD AN - OPUS4-54152 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blaeß, Carsten T1 - Viskose Rissschließung in Gläsern und Glasmatrixkompositen N2 - Um die Langzeitbeständigkeit von Hochtemperatur-Festoxidbrennstoffzellen (SOFC) sicherzustellen, ist das grundlegende Verständnis der viskosen Schließung oder Heilung von Rissen, als Folge wechselnder thermischer oder mechanischer Belastung, in Gläsern und teilkristallinen Materialien ein entscheidender Faktor. In Glas ist die Rissheilung hauptsächlich durch viskoses Fließen bestimmt. In teilkristallinen Schmelzen bewirkt der kristalline Volumenanteil die Erhöhung der effektiven Viskosität. Um die Auswirkungen des kristallinen Volumenanteils auf die Rissheilung zu ergründen, wurden Glasmatrixkomposite mit variierten inerten kristallinen Fülleranteilen, die während der Wärme-behandlung konstant blieben, hergestellt. Verwendet wurde ein kristallisationsträges Natrium-Calcium-Silicatglas und ZrO2 als inerter Füller. Komplexe, reproduzierbare Rissstrukturen wurden durch Vickers-Eindrücke erzeugt und die viskose Rissschließung während isothermer Wärmebehandlungs-schritte mittels Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie verfolgt. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass, verglichen zum füllerfreien Glas, der kristalline Phasenanteil die effektive Viskosität erhöht und dadurch großräumiges Fließen verlangsamt. Dies verzögert das Aufweiten der Risse. Dieser Effekt erschwert die Rissverkürzung und führt oftmals zu großen gerundeten Kavitäten und dadurch zu einer verzögerten Rissschließung. Wird dieses Aufweiten verringert, ist zunächst ein lokales viskoses Fließen der Restglasphase weiterhin gegeben, sodass sich die Risse sogar schneller schließen. Für kristalline Anteile > 27 Vol% bildet sich dann ein stabiles Perkolationsgerüst aus, das die weitere Rissschließung auch lokal unterbindet. Nur innerhalb größerer glasiger Bereiche ist hierbei noch eine Rissschließung zu beobachten. Ein Optimum der Risslängenverkürzung konnte bei 17 Vol% beobachtet werden. T2 - 94. Glastechnische Tagung CY - Online meeting DA - 10.05.2021 KW - Glas KW - Hochtemperaturbrennstoffzelle KW - Glasmatrixkomposit KW - Rissheilung PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54245 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pfennig, Anja T1 - Vom Blended Learning zum Full Online – so einfach geht es nicht – Praxiserfahrungen zum Einsatz von Lehrfilmen T2 - Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI) N2 - Mit Beginn der Covid-19 Pandemie und dem damit verbundenen ausschließlichen Lehren im online-Format war die Hoffnung verbunden ein Blended Learning Lehrformat für die Studieeingangsphase ohne viel konzeptionelle Änderungen übertragen zu können. Der Kurs Werkstofftechnik als Grundlagenfach für den Maschinenbau baut sich auf inverted classroom Lehrszenarien auf, deren Lerngrundlage hierfür eigens produzierte und auf das Lernziel abgestimmte Lehrfilme und Lightboard-Vorlesungen darstellen. Im Kontext der Studieneingangsphase bieten audiovisuell stimulierende Lehrfilme umfassende Lernmedien, wenn sie analog der Lerninhalte einem technischen und didaktischen Qualitätsanspruch genügen. In der Praxis des SS2020 und WS2020/21 hat sich gezeigt, dass die Moderation und Durchführung eines online-Kurses sich deutlich von dem eins blended learning-Kurses unterscheidet. Um denselben Lernerfolg bei Studierenden zu erzielen, müs-sen Anforderungen viel genauer und detaillierter verfasst werden, Studierende enger und persönlicher begleitet werden und Lehrfilme und Lernmedien in einen Gesamtzusammenhang gestellt werden. Im Folgenden werden aus persönlicher Erfahrung heraus niederschwellige, zum Teil ungewöhnliche praktische Erfahrungen zur erfolgreichen Umsetzung von Lehrfilm-basierten inverted classroom Lehrszenarien zusammengefasst und im Hinblick auf die online-Lehre bewertet. T2 - 19. Fachtagung Bildungstechnologien (DELFI) CY - Bonn, Germany DA - 13.09.2021 KW - Inverted classroom KW - Lehrfilm KW - Lehrfilmformate KW - Online KW - Covid-19 PY - 2021 SP - 289 EP - 295 AN - OPUS4-54154 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rhode, Michael A1 - Richter, Tim A1 - Schröpfer, Dirk A1 - Manzoni, Anna Maria A1 - Schneider, M. A1 - Laplanche, G. T1 - Welding of high-entropy alloys and compositionally complex alloys - an overview JF - Welding in the World N2 - High-entropy alloys (HEAs) and compositionally complex alloys (CCAs) represent new classes of materials containing five or more alloying elements (concentration of each element ranging from 5 to 35 at. %). In the present study, HEAs are defined as single-phase solid solutions; CCAs contain at least two phases. The alloy concept of HEAs/CCAs is fundamentally different from most conventional alloys and promises interesting properties for industrial applications (e.g., to overcome the strength-ductility trade-off). To date, little attention has been paid to the weldability of HEAs/CCAs encompassing effects on the welding metallurgy. It remains open whether welding of HEAs/CCAs may lead to the formation of brittle intermetallics and promote elemental segregation at crystalline defects. The effect on the weld joint properties (strength, corrosion resistance) must be investigated. The weld metal and heat-affected zone in conventional alloys are characterized by non-equilibrium microstructural evolutions that most probably occur in HEAs/CCAs. The corresponding weldability has not yet been studied in detail in the literature, and the existing information is not documented in a comprehensive way. Therefore, this study summarizes the most important results on the welding of HEAs/CCAs and their weld joint properties, classified by HEA/CCA type (focused on CoCrFeMnNi and AlxCoCrCuyFeNi system) and welding process. KW - High-entropy alloy KW - Compositionally complex alloy KW - Welding KW - Properties KW - Review PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-527068 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-021-01110-6 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Springer Nature AN - OPUS4-52706 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Olbricht, Jürgen A1 - Schilling, Markus A1 - Chen, Yue A1 - Füting, M. A1 - Todor, A. A1 - von Hartrott, P. A1 - Hanke, T. T1 - Wie digitalisieren wir die Werkstoffprüfung? Entwicklung standardisierter Versuchsbeschreibungen und Daten-Infrastrukturen in aktuellen Digitalisierungs-Initiativen N2 - Die Entwicklung digitaler Prozesse für die Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik muss naturgemäß auch die Charakterisierungsmethoden der Werkstoffprüfung abbilden, die oft durch eine hohe Komplexität gekennzeichnet sind. Als vorteilhaft erweist sich dabei der hohe Standardisierungsgrad, der sich z.B. in klaren Anforderungen an die eingesetzten Prüfmittel und festgelegten Vorgehensweisen ausdrückt. Diese können (und müssen) in entsprechenden digitalen Versuchsbeschreibungen abgebildet werden, wobei sich die klaren Datenstrukturen und Terminologien als vorteilhaft erweisen. T2 - Tagung Werkstoffprüfung 2021: Werkstoffe und Bauteile auf dem Prüfstand Prüftechnik – Kennwertermittlung – Schadensvermeidung CY - Online meeting DA - 02.12.2021 KW - Digitalisierung KW - Standardisierung KW - Normung KW - Ontologien KW - Wissensrepräsentation PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53943 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Usmani, Shirin T1 - Wood treated with nano metal fluorides - relations between composition, size, and durability T2 - Wood Treated with Nano Metal Fluorides – Relations between Composition, Size, and Durability N2 - In this study, nanoscopic particles of magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) and calcium fluoride (CaF2) also known as nano metal fluorides (NMFs), were evaluated for their potential to improve wood durability. Even though these fluorides are sparingly soluble, their synthesis in the form of nano-sized particles turns them into promising candidates for wood preservation. Their distinct property of low-water solubility is proposed to maintain long-lasting protection of treated wood by reducing the leaching of fluoride. Analytical methods were used to characterize the synthesized NMFs and their distribution in treated wood specimens. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that these fluoride particles are smaller than 10 nm. In nano metal fluoride (NMF) treated specimens, aggregates of these particles are uniformly distributed in the wood matrix as confirmed with scanning electron microscopy images and their corresponding energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy maps. The fluoride aggregates form a protective layer around the tracheid walls and block the bordered pits, thus reducing the possible flow path for water absorption into wood. This is reflected in the reduced swelling and increased hydrophobicity of wood treated with NMFs. The biocidal efficacy of NMFs was tested against brown-rot fungi (Coniophora puteanaand Rhodonia placenta), white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor), and termites (Coptotermes formosanus). The fungal and termite tests were performed in accordance with the EN 113 (1996) and EN 117 (2012) standards, respectively. Prior to fungal tests, the NMF treated wood specimens were leached according to the EN 84 (1997)standard. Compared to untreated specimens, the NMF treated wood specimens have a higher resistance to decay caused by brown-rot fungi, white-rot fungus, and termites. Although all NMF treatments in wood reduce the mass loss caused by fungal decay, only the combined treatment of MgF2 and CaF2 has efficacy against both brown-rot fungi and white-rot fungus. Similarly, wood treated with the combined NMF formulation is the least susceptible to attack by C. formosanus.It is proposed that combining MgF2 and CaF2changes their overall solubility to promote the release of fluoride ions at the optimal concentration needed for biocidal efficacy against fungi and termites. In this thesis, it was proven that even after leaching, sufficient fluoride was present to protect NMF treated wood from fungal decay. This shows that NMFs are robust enough for above ground contact outdoor applications of wood, where permanent wetness cannot be avoided according to Use Class 3.2, as per the EN 335 (2013) standard. Also, they pose a low risk to human health and the environment because they are sparingly soluble. Since NMFs significantly reduce the decay of wood, the CO2 fixed in it will be retained for longer than in unpreserved wood. Overall, the novel results of this study show the potential of NMFs to increase the service life of building materials made from non-durable wood. KW - Termites KW - Nano metal fluorides KW - Solubility KW - Wood protection KW - Fungi PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-525108 DO - https://doi.org/10.18452/22553 SP - i EP - 118 PB - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-52510 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Treninkov, И. A A1 - Petrushin, N. V. A1 - Epishin, А. I. A1 - Svetlov, I. L. A1 - Nolze, Gert A1 - Elyutin, E. S. T1 - ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНОЙ ЗАВИСИМОСТИ СТРУКТУРНО-ФАЗОВЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ НИКЕЛЕВОГО ЖАРОПРОЧНОГО СПЛАВА T1 - Experimental determination of temperature dependence of structural-phase parameters of nickel-based superalloy JF - ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЯ JF - Materialovedenie N2 - Методом рентгеноструктурного анализа в интервале температур 18—1150 °С определены температурные зависимости периодов кристаллических решеток γ- и γ'-фаз, их размерно-го несоответствия (мисфит) и объемной доли γ'-фазы экспериментального монокристал-лического жаропрочного никелевого сплава. Определены диапазоны температур, в которых происходят интенсивные изменения структурно-фазовых характеристик исследованного сплава. KW - рентгеноструктурный анализ KW - высокие температуры KW - жаропрочные нике- левые сплавы KW - монокристалл KW - γ- и γ'-фазы, период кристаллической решетки PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.31044/1684-579x-2021-0-7-3-12 IS - 7 SP - 3 EP - 12 AN - OPUS4-53110 LA - rus AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Balzer, B A1 - Bettge, Dirk T1 - „Auffällige große Streifen“ im Schwingbruch N2 - Die „auffälligen großen Streifen“ sind von echten Schwingstreifen nur sehr schwer zu trennen, weil sie parallel zu den Schwingstreifen verlaufen und meistens ebenfalls nicht sehr groß sind. Die im Labor getesteten Proben zeigten, dass diese großen Streifen zusammen mit Verreibungen auftraten und „tire tracks“ („Reifenspuren“) verursachten. Dies wurde durch eine hochauflösende REM-Untersuchung bestätigt, die „tire tracks“ auf den „großen Streifen“ zeigte. Ein weiterer Hinweis ist die Änderung des R-Werts von -1 auf 0,1, was zu einer Bruchfläche ohne große Streifen und „tire tracks“ führt. T2 - Treffen der AG Fraktographie im Gemeinschaftsausschuss Rasterelektronenmikroskopie in der Materialprüfung CY - Online meeting DA - 19.11.2021 KW - Fractography KW - Fracture surface KW - SEM KW - REM KW - Fraktographie KW - Schwingstreifen KW - Fatigue PY - 2021 UR - https://dgm.inventum.de/widget/preview/45d8c33d-622b-43e2-8459-ba783394a723/611d133ebdac0611d133ebdac1 AN - OPUS4-53796 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -