TY - CONF A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra T1 - Weiterentwicklung der VSSA-Screening-Methode zur Identifizierung von NanoPulvern N2 - Der Vortrag zeigt zwei Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der VSSA-Screening-Methode zur Identifizierung von Nanopulvern auf. Bisher ist das Verfahren nur für monodisperse Partikel mit idealer Kugelform valide. Die Verteilungsbreite der Partikelgröße soll durch die Nutzung des Modells einer logarithmischen Normalverteilung implementiert werden. Die Abweichung der gemessenen Partikel von einer idealen Kugel in Sphärizität, Rundheit und Rauigkeit sind über einen Morphologiefaktor MF zu berücksichtigen. An einem konkreten Beispiel werden Auswirkungen der Implementierungen rechnerisch dargestellt und mit dem bisherigen Verfahren verglichen. T2 - NanoDefine Follow-up Meeting CY - Frankfurt/ Main, Germany DA - 25.09.2018 KW - VSSA KW - Nano particle KW - Particle size KW - Nano screening PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46070 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhandarov, S. A1 - Mäder, E. A1 - Kalinka, Gerhard A1 - Scheffler, C. A1 - Poitzsch, C. A1 - Fliescher, S. T1 - Investigation of interfacial strength parameters in polymer matrix composites: Compatibility and reproducibility N2 - Effects of various geometrical and physical factors, as well as the method of data reduction (analysis of experimental forceedisplacement curves) on the values of local interfacial strength parameters (local IFSS, td, and critical energy release rate, Gic) determined by means of a single fiber pull-out test are discussed. Experimental results of our pull-out tests on several fiberepolymer matrix systems showed that td and Gic weakly depended on geometrical factors. However, the pull-out test appeared to be sensitive to the conditions of specimen formation and testing, such as changing the nature of the contacting surfaces (fiber sizing) and the fiber pull-out rate. Of several methods of td and Gic Determination from a forceedisplacement curve, the most reliable and reproducible one is the approach based on the values of the maximum force recorded in a pull-out test and the interfacial frictional force immediately after fiber debonding. KW - Interface KW - Interfacial shear strength KW - Pull-out composite materials KW - Polymer matrix composites KW - Critical energy release rate KW - Geometrical factors PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-460918 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aiepr.2018.06.002 SN - 2542-5048 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 82 EP - 92 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-46091 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ghafafian, Carineh T1 - Betriebsfestigkeit von Reparaturstellen an Rotorblättern von Windkraftanlagen N2 - Hochleistungsverbundwerkstoffe, bzw. Glasfaser-Kunststoff-Verbunde (GFK), haben sich als Leichtbauwerkstoffe für Leichtflugzeuge und Rotorblätter von Windkraftanlagen etabliert. Die hohe spezifische Festigkeit und Steifigkeit qualifizieren sie besonders für diese Anwendung. Während der Fertigung werden Imperfektionen häufig in die Blattschalen eingebracht. Durch Witterungseinflüsse kommt es zum Schadensfortschritt. Infolgedessen treten Schäden in der Blattschale, die den sicheren Betrieb gefährden können, weit vor der projektierten Lebensdauer von 20 Jahren auf. Da der Austausch von ganzen Blättern sehr kostintensiv ist, ist eine lokale Reparatur des geschädigten Bereichs zur Wiederherstellung der strukturellen Integrität, viel preisgünstiger. Die Reparatur von Rotorblättern ist in den letzten Jahren zu einem wichtigen Thema geworden. Derzeit werden verschiedenste Reparaturkonzepte angewendet. Eine einheitliche Reparaturvorgabe gibt es bisher nicht. Die Auswirkungen der angewendeten Reparaturkonzepte auf die Betriebsfestigkeit der Reparaturstelle sind weitestgehend unbekannt und sollen deshalb in diesem Projekt untersucht werden. Gekrümmte Voll-Laminat sowie Sandwich Prüfkörper werden mit dem Vacuum-Assisted-Resin-Infusion-Prozess (VARI) produziert. Um einen Teil einer Rotorblattschale darzustellen, sind sie als GFK aufgebaut, beziehungsweise die Sandwich Strukturen mit einem Polyvinylchlorid-Schaumkern (PVC) Kern, wie im Original. Schalenreparaturen in verschiedenen Layup-Techniken und Geometrie werden eingebracht und die Materialeigenschaften mit zyklischen Ermüdungstests untersucht. Im Projekt werden ideal im Labor erzeugte Reparaturstellen mit in der Praxis angewendeten Ausführungstechniken eines Industriepartners experimentell verglichen. Für die in-situ Detektion der Schadensentwicklung während des Ermüdungsversuches kommt ein kombiniertes Felddehnungs- und Thermografie-Kamerasystem zum Einsatz. Das mechanische Verhalten und die Schadensentwicklung in den verschiedenen reparierten Prüfkörper wird miteinander sowie mit den Referenzproben ohne Reparaturstellen verglichen. Zudem wird in numerischen Modellen für die verschiedenen Reparaturtechniken eine Spannungsanalyse durchgeführt um hinsichtlich der Betriebsbeanspruchung eine Bewertung angeben zu können. T2 - Kolloquium Luftfahrzeugbau und Leichtbau, TU Berlin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 18.06.2018 KW - Sandwich KW - Faserverstärkte Kunstoffe KW - Betriebsfestigkeit PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46026 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Hartrott, P. A1 - Metzger, M. A1 - Rockenhäuser, Christian A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Lebensdauerbewertung von alternden Werkstoffen N2 - Werkstoffe im Hochtemperatureinsatz verändern mit der Zeit ihre Mikrostruktur. Mit diesem Alterungsprozess einher geht eine Veränderung der mechanischen Eigenschaften ebenso wie eine Veränderung des Schädigungsverhaltens. Im Rahmen des FVV Vorhabens „Alterung und Lebensdauer“ haben das Fraunhofer IWM in Freiburg und die BAM in Berlin die weit verbreitete warmfeste Aluminiumlegierung EN AW-2618A in verschiedenen Alterungszuständen experimentell charakterisiert und darauf aufbauend Modelle für die Lebensdauerbewertung mit der Finite-Elemente- Methode implementiert. KW - Aluminiumlegierung KW - Alterung KW - Mikrostruktur KW - Lebensdauervorhersage KW - Schädigung PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s35146-018-0085-8 SN - 0024-8525 SN - 2192-8843 VL - 79 IS - 10 SP - 72 EP - 76 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-46064 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Hartrott, P. A1 - Metzger, M. A1 - Rockenhäuser, Christian A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Lifetime assessment of aging materials N2 - Materials subjected to high-temperature service conditions will change their microstructure with time. Associated with this aging process is a change of mechanical properties as well as a change of damage mechanisms. Within the scope of the FVV project Aging and Lifetime, Fraunhofer IWM in Freiburg and BAM in Berlin (both Germany) experimentally characterized the widespread high-temperature aluminum alloy EN AW-2618A in different overaging states. Based on the experimental findings, models for numerical lifetime assessment with the finite-element method were implemented. KW - Aluminum alloy KW - Aging KW - Microstructure KW - Lifetime prediction KW - Damage PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s38313-018-0084-7 SN - 2192-9114 VL - 79 IS - 10 SP - 64 EP - 68 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-46065 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ghafafian, Carineh A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Nielow, Dustin T1 - Analysis of the fatigue strength of various repair concepts for wind turbine rotor blades N2 - High-performance composites, including glass-fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) materials, are favored as a construction material for wind turbine rotor blades due to their high specific strength and stiffness properties. During the manufacturing process, however, imperfections are often introduced, then further propagated due to harsh environmental conditions and a variety of loads. This leads to failure significantly before their projected 20-year lifespan. As replacement of entire blades can be a costly potential outcome, localized repair of the damaged region to restore structural integrity and thus lengthen its lifespan has become an important issue in recent years. Rotor blades are often repaired using a common technique for composite laminates: adhesively bonded structural repair patches. These methods involve replacing the lost load path with a new material that is joined to the parent structure, and include scarf or plug repairs. However, there currently do not exist any standardized repair procedures for wind turbine rotor blades, as comparisons of blade properties repaired with the existing methods have not been studied in depth. Namely, there is a lack of understanding about the effects of various repair methods on the fatigue life of the shells of rotor blades. This study therefore aims to begin to fill this knowledge gap by testing the influence of different repair patches on the blades’ mechanical properties. Manufactured with the vacuum-assisted resin infusion process, the test specimens are produced as a curved structure with GFRP sandwiching a polyvinyl chloride foam core to best represent a portion of a rotor blade shell. Scarf repairs are then introduced with varying layup techniques, and material properties are examined with cyclical fatigue tests. Crack growth and development is monitored during fatigue testing by various non-destructive testing methods, including passive thermography with an infrared camera system, and a 3D deformation analysis system with ARAMIS. Large deformation fields and detection of in- and out-of-plane deformations is thus possible in-situ. The mechanical behavior and development of defects in the various repaired specimens is compared to each other as well as to reference test specimens with no repair patches. In-situ test data is combined with further non-destructive testing methods, including laminography, and active thermography, to develop a robust understanding of the effects of repair concepts. T2 - MSE Congress 2018 CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 26.09.2018 KW - Glass fiber reinforced polymers KW - Lightweight materials KW - Fatigue of sandwich structures KW - Wind turbine blades KW - Sandwich PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46102 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Orlov, Nikolai A1 - Milkin, P. A1 - Evdokimov, P A1 - Putlayev, V. A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Nicolaides, Dagmar T1 - Bioceramics from Ca3(PO4)2 - CaKPO4 - CaNaPO4 system for bone replacement and grafting N2 - Biomaterials for bone replacement and grafting should possess sufficient strength, be bioresorbable and demonstrate osteoconductivity/osteoinductivity. Nowadays, hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) are the most widespread ceramics for bone grafting at the market, however, their resorption is reported, in some cases, to be not enough. This is why the search for more soluble ceramics compared to HA and TCP looks rather viable. A possible way to increase ceramics solubility leads to partial substitution of Ca2+-ions in Ca3(PO4)2 by alkali castions, like Na+ or/and K+. Improvement of solubility stems from decreasing lattice energy of a substituted phase, as well as increase in hydration energy of the ions releasing from the phase to ambient solution. From this viewpoint, bioceramics based on compositions from Ca3(PO4)2 - CaKPO4 - CaNaPO4 ternary system seems to be prospective for bone replacement and grafting in sense of resorption properties. At the same time, one should bear in mind that solubility level (resorbability) is governed not only by reduction of lattice energy, but also by microstructure features. Grain sizes and porosity contribute much to dissolution rate making study of sintering of aforementioned ceramics highly important. T2 - Biomaterials and Novel Technologies for Healthcare, 2nd International Biennial Conference BioMaH CY - Frascati (Rome), Italy DA - 08.10.2018 KW - Bio Ceramics KW - Bioresorbable PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46035 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Falkenberg, Rainer T1 - A phase-field approach to fracture coupled with mass transport for the simulation of environmentally-assisted damage N2 - With the introduction of a mass transport mechanism the entire problem is subjected to a time frame that dictates the time-dependent action of soluted species on mechanical properties. A numerical framework within the phase-field approach is presented with an embrittlement-based coupling mechanism. The underlying functionals are expressed in terms of the displacement, mass concentration and crack phase-field. Within the phase-field approach the modelling of sharp crack discontinuities is replaced by a diffusive crack model facilitating crack initiation and complex crack topologies without the requirement of a predefined crack path. The isotropic hardening of the elasto-plastic deformation model and the local fracture criterion are affected by the species concentration. This allows for embrittlement and leads to an accelerated crack propagation. An extended mass transport equation for hydrogen embrittlement, accounting for mechanical stresses and deformations, is implemented. For stabilisation purposes a staggered scheme is applied to solve the system of partial differential equations by a multi-field finite-element method. A thermodynamically consistent coupling relation that accommodates the required mechanisms is presented. KW - Environmentally assisted cracking KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Crack propagation KW - Phase-field KW - Mass transport PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201710088 VL - 17 SP - 237 EP - 238 PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-46435 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea A1 - Lima, Pedro A1 - Lüchtenborg, Jörg A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Mühler, T. T1 - Layerwise Slurry Deposition for the Additive Manufacturing of Ceramics N2 - Powder bed -based technologies are amongst the most successful Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques. "Selective laser sintering/melting" (SLS/SLM) and "binder jetting 3D printing" (3DP) especially are leading AM technologies for metals and polymers, thanks to their high productivity and scalability. In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD) has been developed as a layer deposition method which enables the use of SLS/SLM and 3DP technologies for advanced ceramic materials. LSD consists in the layer-by-layer deposition of a ceramic slurry by means of a doctor blade. Each layer is deposited and dried to achieve a highly packed powder layer, which can be used for SLM or for 3DP. This technique offers high flexibility in the ceramic feedstock used, especially concerning material and particle size, and is capable of producing parts with physical and mechanical properties comparable to traditionally shaped parts. In this presentation, the LSD technique will be introduced and several examples of application to porcelain, SiC and alumina products will be reported. T2 - CIMTEC - International Ceramics Congress CY - Perugia, Italy DA - 04.06.2018 KW - Ceramic KW - Additive Manufacturing PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46337 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea A1 - Lima, Pedro A1 - Lüchtenborg, Jörg A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Mühler, T. T1 - Powder-based Additive Manufacturing: beyond the comfort zone of powder deposition N2 - In powder-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes, an object is produced by successively depositing thin layers of a powder material and by inscribing the cross section of the object in each layer. The main methods to inscribe a layer are by binder jetting (also known as powder 3D printing) or by selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM). Powder-based AM processes have found wide application for several metallic, polymeric and also ceramic materials, due to their advantages in combining flexibility, easy upscaling and (often) good material properties of their products. The deposition of homogeneous layers is key to the reproducibility of these processes and has a direct influence on the quality of the final parts. Accordingly, powder properties such as particle size distribution, shape, roughness and process related properties such as powder flowability and packing density need to be carefully evaluated. Due to these requirements, these processes have been so far precluded to find commercial use for certain applications. In the following, two outstanding cases will be presented. A first example is that powder-based AM processes are widely used for many metallic and polymeric materials, but they find no commercial application for most technical ceramics. This seemingly contradicting observation is explained by the fact that in powder based AM, a dry flowable powder needs to be used. The processing of technical ceramics in fact typically requires very fine and poorly flowable powder, which makes them not suitable for the standard processes. There have been several approaches to adapt the raw materials to the process (e.g. by granulation), but in order to maintain the superior properties of technical ceramics it seems necessary to follow the opposite approach and adapt the process to the raw materials instead. This was the motivation for developing the Layerwise Slurry Deposition (LSD), an innovative process for the deposition of powder layers with a high packing density. In the LSD process, a ceramic slurry is deposited to form thin powder layers, rather than using a dry powder. This allows achieving high packing density (55-60%) in the layers after drying. It is also important, that standard ceramic raw materials can be used. When coupled with a printing head or with a laser source, the LSD enables novel AM technologies which are similar to 3D printing or selective laser sintering, but taking advantage of having a highly dense powder bed. The LSD -3D printing, in particular, offers the potential of producing large (> 100 mm) and high quality ceramic parts, with microstructure and properties similar to traditional processing. Moreover, due to the compact powder bed, no support structures are required for fixation of the part in the printing process. Figure 1 shows the schematics of the working principle of the LSD-3D print and illustrates some examples of the resolution and features achievable. The second outstanding case here described is the application of powder-based AM in environments with reduced or zero gravity. The vision is to be able to produce repair parts, tools and other objects during a space mission, such as on the International Space Station (ISS), without the need of delivering such parts from Earth or carrying them during the mission. AM technologies are also envisioned to play an important role even for future missions to bring mankind to colonize other planets, be it on Mars or on the Moon. In this situation, reduced gravity is also experienced (the gravitational acceleration is 0.16 g on the Moon and 0.38 g on Mars). These environments cause the use of AM powder technologies to be very problematic: the powder layers need to be stabilized in order to avoid dispersion of the particles in the chamber. This is impossible for standard AM powder deposition systems, which rely on gravitation to spread the powder. Also in this case, an innovative approach has been implemented to face this technological challenge. The application of a gas flow through a powder has a very strong effect on its flowability, by generating a force on each particle, which is following the gas flow field. This principle can be applied in a simple setup such as the one shown in Figure 2. In this setup, the gas flow causes an average pressure on the powder bed in direction of the arrows, generating a stabilizing effect which acts in the same direction of the gravitational force. This effect can be used in addition to normal gravity on Earth to achieve a better stabilization of 3D printed parts in the powder bed. In this case, even a significant increase of packing density of the powder was measured, compared to the same experimental setup without gas flow. This is due to the fact that the force on each single particle follows the gas flow field, which is guiding the particles to settle between the pores of the powder bed, thus achieving an efficient packing. The same principle can be applied in absence of gravitation, where the gas flow acts to stabilize the powder layers. It has been shown that ceramic powder could be deposited in layers and laser sintered in µ-gravity conditions during a DLR (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt) campaign of parabolic flights, as shown in Figure 2. A follow-up campaign is dedicated to the deposition of metallic (stainless steel) powder in inert atmosphere and to study the effects of laser melting in µ-gravity. In conclusion, the description of these two example cases shows how the development of novel technological processes can address some of the limitations of standard powder-based AM, in order to enable the use of new materials, such as technical ceramics, or to tackle the challenges of AM in space. T2 - WMRIF 2018 Early Career Scientist Summit CY - London, NPL, UK DA - 18.06.2018 KW - 3D-printing KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Powder KW - SLM PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46338 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Cabeza, Sandra A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Thiede, Tobias A1 - Nadammal, Naresh A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Residual stress formation in selective laser melted parts of alloy 718 N2 - Additive Manufacturing (AM) through the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) route offers ample scope for producing geometrically complex parts compared to the conventional subtractive manufacturing strategies. Nevertheless, the residual stresses which develop during the fabrication can limit application of the SLM components by reducing the load bearing capacity and by inducing unwanted distortion, depending on the boundary conditions specified during manufacturing. The present study aims at characterizing the residual stress states in the SLM parts using different diffraction methods. The material used is the nickel based superalloy Inconel 718. Microstructure as well as the surface and bulk residual stresses were characterized. For the residual stress analysis, X-ray, synchrotron and neutron diffraction methods were used. The measurements were performed at BAM, at the EDDI beamline of -BESSY II synchrotron- and the E3 line -BER II neutron reactor- of the Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie (HZB) Berlin. The results reveal significant differences in the residual stress states for the different characterization techniques employed, which indicates a dependence of the residual state on the penetration depth in the sample. For the surface residual stresses, longitudinal and transverse stress components from both X-ray and synchrotron agree well and the obtained values were around the yield strength of the material. Furthermore, synchrotron mapping disclosed gradients along the width and length of the sample for the longitudinal and transverse stress components. On the other hand, lower residual stresses were found in the bulk of the material measured using neutron diffraction. The longitudinal component was tensile and decreased towards the boundary of the sample. In contrast, the normal component was nearly constant and compressive in nature. The transversal component was almost negligible. The results indicate that a stress re-distribution takes place during the deposition of the consecutive layers. Further investigations are planned to study the phenomenon in detail. T2 - Forschungsseminar OvGU Magdeburg CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 15.11.2018 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Selective Laser Melting KW - Residual Stresses PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46876 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Falkenberg, Rainer A1 - Charmi, Amir T1 - Virtual-lab-based determination of a macroscopic yield function for additively manufactured parts N2 - This work presents a method for the yield function determination of additively manufactured parts of S316L steel. A crystal plasticity model is calibrated with test results and used afterwards to perform so-called virtual experiments, that account for the specific process-related microstructure including crystallographic and morphological textures. These simulations are undertaken on a representative volume element (RVE), that is generated from EBSD/CT-Scans on in-house additively manufactured specimen, considering grain structure and crystal orientations. The results of the virtual experiments are used to determine an anisotropic Barlat yield function, that can be used in a macroscopical continuum-sense afterwards. This scale-bridging approach enables the calculation of large-scale parts, that would be numerically too expensive to be simulated by a crystal plasticity model. T2 - 3. Tagung des DVM-Arbeitskreises Additiv gefertigte Bauteile und Strukturen CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 07.11.2018 KW - Virtual experiments KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Anisotropy KW - Crystal plasticity KW - Scale-bridging PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46895 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Nielow, D. A1 - Hickmann, Stefan A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Redmer, Bernhard A1 - Krankenhagen, Rainer T1 - Sandwich-Schalenstrukturen in situ charakterisiert mit Thermographie und Felddehnungsmessungen N2 - An der BAM wurde ein Schalenprüfstand entwickelt, mit dem typische Sandwichschalenstrukturen unter simulierter Betriebsbeanspruchung belastet werden können. Im mechanischen Ermüdungsversuch wurden in situ die Entstehung von Schäden in Schalenprüfkörpern mit Test-Imperfektionen mittels der passiven Thermographie und Felddehnungsmessungen verfolgt. Damit konnten der Zeitpunkt, der Schadensursprung und der Schadensfortschritt zerstörungsfrei bestimmt werden. Zudem wurden vergleichend Schalenprüfkörper mit Luftultraschall und der Röntgen-Laminographie untersucht. Im Rahmen eines BMWi-Forschungsvorhabens wurden die Schädigungsmechanismen evaluiert und Empfehlungen für die Praxis der Fertigung von Rotorblättern abgeleitet. In diesem Beitrag wird sich auf die Darstellung der ZfP-Verfahren und der ZfP-Ergebnisse konzentriert. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2018 CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 07.05.2018 KW - Windkraft KW - Rotorblatt KW - Schalenprüfstand KW - Thermographie KW - Laminographie KW - Luftultraschall PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-469395 VL - 166 SP - 1 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-46939 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prasetiadi, A. E. A1 - Jost, M. A1 - Schulz, Baerbel A1 - Quibeldey, M. A1 - Rabe, Torsten A1 - Follmann, R. A1 - Jakoby, R. T1 - Liquid-crystal-based amplitude tuner and tunable SIW filter fabricated in LTCC technology N2 - Tunable microwave devices will play an important role in future wireless systems, in which high-frequency bands, e.g. millimeter waves, will become promising, due to its huge spectrum availability. At such frequency bands, liquid crystals (LCs) exhibit low microwave loss, which is excellent compared with the other tuning elements. In this paper, LC-based microwave components are fabricated by using low temperature co-fired ceramic technology, allowing the integration of the LC into microwave structures. The first component, the Amplitude tuner, controls the signal’s amplitude by using the interference concept, which exhibits a tunable attenuation range from 11 dB to 30 dB at 30 GHz. The second component is a 3-pole tunable bandpass filter, which is realized by using a substrate integrated waveguide topology, enabling a device with comparatively high-quality factors (Q-factors). The measurement results show Q-factors in the range of 68 to 100 for a frequency tuning of 29.4–30.1 GHz, i.e. a tuning range of 700 MHz, accompanied by an insertion loss 2 dB to 4 dB. KW - Passive components and circuits KW - Filters KW - Microwave technology PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1759078718000600 SN - 1759-0787 VL - 10 IS - 5-6 SP - 674 EP - 681 PB - Cambridge University Press AN - OPUS4-46985 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lüchtenborg, Jörg A1 - Mühler, T. A1 - Zocca, Andrea A1 - Günster, Jens T1 - Additive Manufacturing of Dense Ceramics with Laser Induced Slip Casting (LIS) N2 - Most additive manufacturing processes which produce dense ceramics are nowadays limited in size because of inevitable post-processing steps like for example binder removal in stereolithography. The additive manufacturing of voluminous ceramic parts is realized by powder bed based processes which, however, generate parts with residual porosity. Via infiltration these parts can be processed to dense parts like for example SiC but this is not possible for all ceramics like for example Si3N4. There is a lack of methods for the additive manufacturing of dense voluminous parts for most ceramics. We have developed a new additive manufacturing technology, the Laser Induced Slip casting (LIS), based on the layerwise deposition of slurries and their local drying by laser radiation. Laser Induced Slip casting generates ceramic green bodies which can be sintered to dense ceramic components like traditional formed ceramic powder compacts. We will introduce the LIS technology, green bodies and sintered parts will be shown and their microstructure and mechanical properties will be discussed. T2 - CIMTEC 2018 14th Ceramics Congress CY - Perugia, Italy DA - 04.06.2018 KW - Additive Manufacturing PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45781 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lüchtenborg, Jörg A1 - Mühler, T. A1 - Zocca, Andrea A1 - Günster, Jens T1 - Additive manufacturing of dense ceramics with laser induced slip casting (LIS) N2 - Most additive manufacturing processes which produce dense ceramics are nowadays limited in size because of inevitable post-processing steps like for example binder removal in stereolithography. The additive manufacturing of voluminous ceramic parts is realized by powder bed based processes which, however, generate parts with residual porosity. Via infiltration these parts can be processed to dense parts like for example SiC but this is not possible for all ceramics like for example Si3N4. There is a lack of methods for the additive manufacturing of dense voluminous parts for most ceramics. We have developed a new additive manufacturing technology, the Laser Induced Slip casting (LIS), based on the layerwise deposition of slurries and their local drying by laser radiation. Laser Induced Slip casting generates ceramic green bodies which can be sintered to dense ceramic components like traditional formed ceramic powder compacts. We will introduce the LIS technology, green bodies and sintered parts will be shown and their microstructure and mechanical properties will be discussed. T2 - yCAM (Young Ceramists Additive Manufacturing Forum) CY - Padua, Italy DA - 03.05.2018 KW - Additive manufacturing PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45782 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rockenhäuser, Christian A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - The long-term ageing process of alloy 2618A N2 - The long-term ageing process of alloy 2618A was introduced and discussed The dark-field transmission electronmicroscopical resilts werde shown and evaluated regarding the precipitate radii. The influence of the precipitate radii regarding ageing was used for a preliminary ageing assessment. T2 - 19th International Microscopy Congress (IMC19) CY - Sydney, Australia DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Alloy 2618A KW - Degradation KW - Coarsening KW - S-phase KW - Dark-field transmission electron microscopy (DFTEM) PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46120 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rockenhäuser, Christian A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - The long-term ageing process of alloy 2618A N2 - The long-term ageing process of alloy 2618A was introduced and discussed The dark-field transmission electronmicroscopical resilts werde shown and evaluated regarding the precipitate radii. The influence of the precipitate radii regarding ageing was used for a preliminary ageing assessment. T2 - 19th International Microscopy Congress (IMC19) CY - Sydney, Australia DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Alloy 2618A KW - Degradation KW - Coarsening KW - S-phase KW - Dark-field transmission electron microscopy (DFTEM) PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46123 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rabe, Torsten A1 - Schulz, Bärbel A1 - Hollesch, Martin A1 - Börner, Andreas T1 - Keramikfedern – Herstellung, Eigenschaften und Applikation N2 - Entwickelt wurde eine mehrstufige Fertigungstechnologie (Schruppen, Schlichten, Trennschnitt) zur Herstellung keramischer Federn aus gesinterten Hohlzylindern. Durch Optimierung von Maschinenparametern, Schleifscheiben sowie Werkstück- und Werkzeugaufnahmen ist es gelungen, Federn aus Hochleistungskeramik (Aluminiumoxid und Zirkonoxid) mit hoher Kanten- und Oberflächenqualität reproduzierbar herzustellen. Eine hohe Variabilität bezüglich Außen- und Innendurchmesser, Steigung, Windungsquerschnitt und Abstand zwischen den Windungen ermöglicht es, die Federkonstante über drei Größenordnungen zu variieren. Untersucht wurden Federstabilität und Spannungs-Dehnungs-Verhalten unter konstanter und zyklischer Druckbelastung sowie die thermomechanische Stabilität der Keramikfedern. Aluminiumoxid-Federn können bis etwa 800°C, Zirkonoxid-Federn bis etwa 600°C ohne bleibende geometrische Verformung eingesetzt werden. Unter konstanter Spannung zeigen Federn aus Y-stabilisiertem TZP (Zirkonoxid)-Werkstoffen, von anderen Keramikwerkstoffen abweichend, bei Raumtemperatur eine zeitabhängige, elastische, Verformung (Superelastizität), die nach Entlastung über einen Zeitraum von mehreren Stunden reversibel verläuft. Als Ursache wird eine spannungsinduzierte reversible Phasenumwandlung zwischen austenitischer (tetragonales ZrO2) und martensitischer (monoklines ZrO2) Phase postuliert. Diskutiert wird das Anwendungspotenzial der entwickelten Federn für kapazitive keramische Federsensoren für Gravimeter und Wägetechnik. T2 - AK-Sitzung "Keramikbearbeitung" des Fraunhofer IPK CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.09.2018 KW - Keramikfeder KW - Spannungs-Dehnungs-Verhalten KW - Zyklische Belastung KW - Thermomechanische Eigenschaften KW - Fertigungstechnologie PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46231 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Müller, Alexander T1 - Schädigungscharakterisierung an Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunden im Schwingversuch mittels Röntgenrefraktionstopographie unter Berücksichtigung der Matrixeigenschaften N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden verschiedene Epoxidharzsysteme charakterisiert. Zwei Systeme mit großen bruchmechanischen Unterschieden wurden zur Fertigung äquivalenter GFK- und CFK-Laminate mit Faserausrichtungen in 0/90° und ±45° ausgewählt. In quasi-statischen Zugversuchen und Einstufenschwingversuchen mit einem Beanspruchungsverhältnis von R= 0,1 wurden diese Laminate hinsichtlich ihres Schädigungsbeginns und ihrer Schädigungsentwicklung untersucht. Die Detektion der Schädigungen sowie die Dokumentation der Schädigungsentwicklung wurde anhand der Lichtabsorptionsanalyse an GFK-Laminaten und anhand der Röntgenrefraktionsanalyse an CFK-Laminaten umgesetzt. Auf diese Weise konnten Einflüsse der bruchmechanischen Eigenschaften der Matrix auf die Schädigungsentwicklung im Verbund aufgezeigt werden. Zudem wurden für die untersuchten Laminate die Schädigungsgrenzen bei schwingender Beanspruchung ermittelt. Anhand durchgeführter Schwingversuche an CFK-Laminaten im Very High Cycle Fatigue-(VHCF)-Lastwechselbereich bis 108 konnten Rückschlüsse vom Schädigungsverhalten im High Cycle Fatigue-(HCF)-Lastwechselbereich bis 106 auf die Dauerfestigkeit im VHCF-Bereich gezogen werden und damit VHCF-Dauerfestigkeitsgrenzen bestimmt werden. Mit dem Ziel die Ermüdung der Laminate auf die Beanspruchung der Matrix zurückzuführen, wurden die Erweiterte Inverse Laminattheorie, mikromechanikbasierte Mischungsregeln sowie eine Vergleichsspannungshypothese auf die untersuchten Laminate angewendet. Die Schädigungsgrenzen konnten damit in Form der Matrixbeanspruchung wiedergegeben werden. Die Abbildung der Ermüdung verschiedener Laminate anhand einer matrixspezifischen normierten Masterschädigungslinie ist für die behandelten CFK- und GFK-Laminate gelungen. T3 - BAM Dissertationsreihe - 162 KW - CFK KW - GFK KW - Ermüdung KW - Epoxidharz KW - Masterschädigungslinie KW - Röntgenrefraktion KW - ZfP PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-467833 SN - 1613-4249 VL - 162 SP - 1 EP - 204 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-46783 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -