TY - JOUR A1 - Scheuerlein, C. A1 - Andrieux, J. A1 - Michels, M. A1 - Lackner, F. A1 - Chiriac, R. A1 - Hagner, M. A1 - Di Michiel, M. A1 - Meyer, Christian A1 - Toche, F. ED - Foley, C. P. T1 - Effect of the fabrication route on the phase and volume changes during the reaction heat treatment of Nb3Sn superconducting wires N2 - Accelerator magnets that can reach magnetic fields well beyond the Nb-Ti performance limits are presently being built and developed, using Nb3Sn superconductors. This technology requires reaction heat treatment (RHT) of the magnet coils, during which Nb3Sn is formed from its ductile precursor materials (a “wind and react” approach). The Nb3Sn microstructure and microchemistry are strongly influenced by the conductor fabrication route, and by the Phase changes during RHT. By combining in situ differential scanning calorimetry, high Energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction, and micro-tomography experiments, we have acquired a unique data set that describes in great detail the phase and microstructure changes that take place during the processing of restacked rod process (RRP), powder-in-tube (PIT), and internal tin (IT) Nb3Sn wires. At temperatures below 450 ° the phase evolutions in the three wire types are similar, with respectively solid state interdiffusion of Cu and Sn, Cu6Sn5 formation, and Cu6Sn5 peritectic transformation. Distinct differences in phase evolutions in the wires are found when temperatures exceed 450 °C. The volume changes of the conductor during RHT are a difficulty in the production of Nb3Sn accelerator magnets. We compare the wire diameter changes measured in situ by dilatometry with the phase and void volume evolution of the three types of Nb3Sn wire. Unlike the Nb3Sn wire length changes, the wire diameter evolution is characteristic for each Nb3Sn wire type. The strongest volume increase, of about 5%, is observed in the RRP wire, where the main diameter increase occurs above 600 °C upon Nb3Sn formation. KW - Nb3Sn KW - Microstructure KW - Phase transformations KW - Volume changes KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Differential scanning calorimetry KW - Synchrotron micro-tomography PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-505128 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ab627c VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 034004 PB - IOP Publishing CY - Bristol (UK) AN - OPUS4-50512 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heuser, Lina A1 - Sobek, P. T1 - Sintering of silver-alkali zinc borate glass composites N2 - High conductive silver-glass-metallization-pastes are key components in photovoltaics and advanced microelectronics. However, the underlying mechanisms of liquid phase sintering as silver dissolution, diffusion and reprecipitation are poorly understood so far. In the current work, the influence of different network modifier in alkali-zinc-borate paste-glasses on liquid phase sintering of silver-glass-composites was studied. Therefore, silver-glass-composites containing 30 vol% glass were prepared, using low melting X2O-ZnO-B2O3 glasses with X = Na, Li, and Rb (NZB, LZB, and RZB). Glass transition temperature, viscosity, glass-silver wetting, crystallization and sintering behavior was studied by means of thermal analysis, dilatometry, heating microscopy and microscopy. Similar glass transition temperatures of 450 °C (RZB), 460 °C (LZB) and 465 °C (NZB) were found by means of thermal analysis for glasses under study. Also, all glasses have a similar crystallization onset at about 550 °C, even though exhibiting with a different degree of crystallization. Despite these similarities, however, the sintering behavior, measured in terms of area shrinkage, significantly differs for the composites. This finding indicates a different degree of silver dissolution. Assuming that dissolved silver reduces the viscosity, this effect could explain why glass crystallization starts at lower temperature in the composites. For example, the crystallization peak of LZB at 629 °C measured for pure glass powder compacts was decreased to 586 °C for the composite. Confirmatively, microstructure analyses indicate different degrees of silver dissolution, as e.g. revealed by different amount of silver precipitates within the residual glass phase, and reprecipitation. Best silver dissolution appeared for the RZB glass. Nevertheless, the final densification of RZB was retarded probably due to swelling and crystallization. T2 - XRM Workshop CY - Halle, Germany DA - 03.03.2020 KW - Silver-glass-metallization-paste KW - Sintering KW - Alkali ions PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51243 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blaeß, Carsten T1 - Viskose Rissschließung in Gläsern und Glasmatrixkompositen N2 - Um die Langzeitbeständigkeit von Hochtemperatur-Festoxidbrennstoffzellen (SOFC) sicherzustellen, ist das grundlegende Verständnis der viskosen Schließung oder Heilung von Rissen, als Folge wechselnder thermischer oder mechanischer Belastung, in Gläsern und teilkristallinen Materialien ein entscheidender Faktor. In Glas ist die Rissheilung hauptsächlich durch viskoses Fließen bestimmt. In teilkristallinen Schmelzen bewirkt der kristalline Volumenanteil die Erhöhung der effektiven Viskosität. Um die Auswirkungen des kristallinen Volumenanteils auf die Rissheilung zu ergründen, wurden Glasmatrixkomposite mit variierten inerten kristallinen Fülleranteilen, die während der Wärme-behandlung konstant blieben, hergestellt. Verwendet wurde ein kristallisationsträges Natrium-Calcium-Silicatglas und ZrO2 als inerter Füller. Komplexe, reproduzierbare Rissstrukturen wurden durch Vickers-Eindrücke erzeugt und die viskose Rissschließung während isothermer Wärmebehandlungs-schritte mittels Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie verfolgt. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass, verglichen zum füllerfreien Glas, der kristalline Phasenanteil die effektive Viskosität erhöht und dadurch großräumiges Fließen verlangsamt. Dies verzögert das Aufweiten der Risse. Dieser Effekt erschwert die Rissverkürzung und führt oftmals zu großen gerundeten Kavitäten und dadurch zu einer verzögerten Rissschließung. Wird dieses Aufweiten verringert, ist zunächst ein lokales viskoses Fließen der Restglasphase weiterhin gegeben, sodass sich die Risse sogar schneller schließen. Für kristalline Anteile > 27 Vol% bildet sich dann ein stabiles Perkolationsgerüst aus, das die weitere Rissschließung auch lokal unterbindet. Nur innerhalb größerer glasiger Bereiche ist hierbei noch eine Rissschließung zu beobachten. Ein Optimum der Risslängenverkürzung konnte bei 17 Vol% beobachtet werden. T2 - 94. Glastechnische Tagung CY - Online meeting DA - 10.05.2021 KW - Glas KW - Hochtemperaturbrennstoffzelle KW - Glasmatrixkomposit KW - Rissheilung PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54245 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heuser, Lina A1 - Nofz, Marianne T1 - Alkali and alkaline earth zinc and lead borate glasses: Structure and properties N2 - Low melting Li2O-PbO-B2O3, Me2O-ZnO-B2O3, Me = Li, Na, K, Rb and CaO-ZnO-B2O3 glasses were studied with Raman and infrared spectroscopies to advance the structural understanding of zinc borate glasses as potential candidates for substitution of lead containing glasses. Although the effect of type of alkali ions on the number (N4) of fourfold coordinated boron (B4) in the glasses is small, the alkali ions direct the type of borate groups, i.e., pentaborate in lithium, sodium, and calcium zinc borate glasses, as well as diborate in potassium and rubidium containing ones. Both groups were simultaneously found in Li2O-PbO-B2O3. Alkali ions are mainly responsible for the formation of B4-units and metaborate. Zinc ions favorably compensate non-bridging oxygen and partially form ZnO4. With decreasing N4 and field strength of the alkali ions the atomic packing density, glass transition temper ature and Young’s Modulus also decrease. The coefficient of thermal expansion increases with decreasing N4. KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - IR spectroscopy KW - Alkali zinc borate glasses KW - Lead borate glasses KW - Physical properties KW - Young’s Modulus PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556109 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nocx.2022.100109 SN - 2590-1591 VL - 15 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-55610 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paskin, A. A1 - Couasnon, T. A1 - Perez, J. P. H. A1 - Lobanov, S. S. A1 - Blukis, R. A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Benning, L. G. T1 - Nucleation and Crystallization of Ferrous Phosphate Hydrate via an Amorphous Intermediate N2 - The fundamental processes of nucleation and crystallization are widely observed in systems relevant to material synthesis and biomineralization; yet most often, their mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we unravel the discrete stages of nucleation and crystallization of Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O (vivianite). We experimentally monitored the formation and transformation from ions to solid products by employing correlated, time-resolved in situ and ex situ approaches. We show that vivianite crystallization occurs in distinct stages via a transient amorphous precursor phase. The metastable amorphous ferrous phosphate (AFEP) intermediate could be isolated and stabilized. We resolved the differences in bonding environments, structure, and symmetric changes of the Fe site during the transformation of AFEP to crystalline vivianite through synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Fe K-edge. This intermediate AFEP phase has a lower water content and less distorted local symmetry, compared to the crystalline end product vivianite. Our combined results indicate that a nonclassical, hydration-induced nucleation and transformation driven by the incorporation and rearrangement of water molecules and ions (Fe2+ and PO4 3−) within the AFEP is the dominating mechanism of vivianite formation at moderately high to low vivianite supersaturations (saturation index ≤ 10.19). We offer fundamental insights into the aqueous, amorphous-to-crystalline transformations in the Fe2+−PO4 system and highlight the different attributes of the AFEP, compared to its crystalline counterpart. KW - Nucleation KW - Crystallization KW - Vivianite KW - Ferrous phosphate hydrate PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-580696 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c01494 SN - 0002-7863 VL - 145 IS - 28 SP - 15137 EP - 15151 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-58069 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ivanov, V.V. A1 - Tielemann, Christopher A1 - Avramova, K. A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Tonchev, V. T1 - Modelling crystallization: When the normal growth velocity depends on the supersaturation N2 - The crystallization proceeds by the advance of the crystal faces into the disordered phase at the expense of the material excess, the supersaturation. Using a conservation constraint for the transformation ratio α∈[0,1] as complementing the rescaled supersaturation to 1 and a kinetic law for the normal growth velocity as function of the supersaturation raised to power g, the growth order, we derive an equation for the rate of transformation dα/dt. We integrate it for the six combinations of the three spatial dimensions D = 1, 2, 3 and the two canonical values of g = 1, 2 towards obtaining expressions for αDg. The same equation, with g = 1 and D = n (n is the so called Avrami exponent) is obtained when taking only the linear in α term from the Taylor’s expansion around α = 0 of the model equation of Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK). We verify our model by fitting datasets of α21 and α31 (from α = 0 to αupper = 0.999) with JMAK to obtain from the fit n = 1.725, 2.43, resp. We show further how the values of n depend on the value of αupper to which the fit is performed starting always from 0. Towards building a validation protocol, we start with validating α21 with published results. KW - Crystallization KW - Supersaturation KW - Growth kinetics KW - Growth rate KW - JMAK model PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-581706 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2023.111542 SN - 0022-3697 VL - 181 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-58170 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaeß, Carsten A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Boccaccini, A. R. T1 - Sintering and crystallization kinetics of bioactive glass 13-93 N2 - This study investigates the sintering and crystallization behavior and kinetic of the bioactive glass (BG) 13–93 with nominal composition (in mol%): 54.6 SiO2 - 1.7 P2O3 - 22.1 CaO - 6.0 Na2O - 7.9 K2O - 7.7 MgO. Sintering and crystallization were investigated non-isothermally for various particle size fractions smaller than 315 μm as well as for bulk samples. Densification was not hindered by the presence of crystalline phases across all particle size fractions. Afterwards, wollastonite was found as the dominant crystal phase at higher temperature which resorb primary surface precipitation-like quartz crystallites. The growth direction shifts into volume when the sample surface is nearly covered. The crystal growth rate of wollastonite was calculated from the crystalline surface layer thickness measured during heating. The findings of this study are relevant for the high temperature processing of BG 13–93. KW - Bioactive glass KW - Sintering KW - Crystallization PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2023.122790 SN - 0022-3093 VL - 627 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-59337 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaddam, Anuraag A1 - Galleani, Gustavo A1 - de Lima Reis, Vitor A1 - de Camargo, Andrea S. S. A1 - Eckert, Hellmut T1 - Structural characterization of gallium fluoride phosphate glasses by advanced solid‐state NMR methods and correlation with photophysical properties N2 - AbstractGallium fluoride phosphate glasses feature low refractive index, high energy radiation resistance, wide transmission range, and favorable emission characteristics of rare‐earth dopants. For the development of optimized glass compositions, a fundamental understanding of these properties in terms of glass structure is sought. We report nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structural studies of glasses in the system xGa(PO3)3–(40 − x)GaF3–20BaF2–20ZnF2–20SrF2 (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mol%). 31P NMR results with 71Ga recoupling show that the network structure is dominated by P–O–Ga linkages, and no P–O–P linkages exist. 71Ga NMR results show that Ga is mainly six‐coordinated featuring a mixed fluoride/phosphate coordination. Quantitative estimates of this ligand distribution around gallium were obtained by 71Ga{31P} spin echo double resonance (REDOR) measurements. Photophysical properties suggest changes in the Eu(III) ligand distribution toward a fluoride‐dominated environment at low P/F ratio while the glass network is largely sustained by bridging oxygen atoms via P–O–Ga linkages. KW - Gallium KW - Glass KW - NMR KW - Oxyfluoride PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.20051 SN - 0002-7820 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-60785 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Merízio, Leonnam Gotardo A1 - Machado, Ian Pompermayer A1 - Vastamäki, Roosa A1 - de Camargo, Andréa Simone Stucchi A1 - Lastusaari, Mika T1 - Multifunctional persistent luminescent and photochromic hackmanite-based materials prepared by microwave-assisted solid-state synthesis N2 - Advanced optical materials inspired by natural minerals and non-toxic light elements, such as the Hackmanites (Na8Al6Si6O24(Cl,S)2), find vast possibilities of applications as they can simultaneously perform photochromism and persistent luminescence (PersL). In this work, we have explored a rapid and energy-efficient microwaveassisted (MASS) methodology for the synthesis of PersL and photochromic hackmanites. In addition, we have prepared hackmanite materials using a zeolite-free precursor to control the Na–Al–Si ratio and study its influence on the materials photoluminescent properties. The PersL hackmanites showed a white-bluish emission color, with up to 2 h of emission time. Zeolite-free photochromic materials were able to change the color from white to purple/blue efficiently with a few seconds of 254 nm excitation, but the usage of zeolite precursors enhanced the overall optical performance. Microwave synthesis times of 10–40 min were demonstrated to be optimal, as longer times boosted the formation of nepheline spurious phase, which decreases luminescence efficiency. In this way, the MASS method led to a reduction of reaction time up to 98 %, yielding hackmanite materials with similar photoluminescent or photochromic properties compared to those obtained by a 24 h conventional solid-state synthesis. This work represents a significant improvement toward coupling eco-friendly synthetic processes to eco-friendly solid-state materials for PersL illumination and PersL/photochromism optical marking. KW - Hackmanite KW - Persistent luminescence KW - Photochromism KW - Microwave-assisted synthesis PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2024.115826 SN - 0925-3467 VL - 155 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-60787 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - GLAS DIGITAL - Datengetriebener Workflow für die beschleunigte Entwicklung von Glas N2 - Aktuelle Ergebnisse des Projektes GlasDigital werden kurz zusammenfassend und allgemein verständlich vorgestellt. T2 - MatFo 2022 CY - Cologne, Germany DA - 14.11.2022 KW - Oxidglas KW - robotische Glasschmelzanlage KW - Ontologie KW - ML KW - Digitaler Zwilling KW - Bildanalyse PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56492 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - Glas Digital Datengetriebener Workflow für die beschleunigte Entwicklung von Glas N2 - Der aktuelle Stand des Projektes GlasDigital wird in Kurzform präsentiert. T2 - PMD Vollversammlung CY - Online meeting DA - 17.03.2022 KW - Oxidglas KW - robotische Glasschmelzanlage KW - Ontologie KW - ML KW - Digitaler Zwilling KW - Bildanalyse PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56493 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - GlasDigital - Datengetriebener Workflow für die beschleunigte Entwicklung von Glas N2 - Das Projekt GlasDigital im Rahmen der BMBF Initiative MaterialDigital wird vorgestellt. T2 - MatFo22 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.11.2022 KW - Material Digital PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56282 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi T1 - Structure-property correlations in RE-doped fluoride-phosphate glasses sought by NMR, EPR & PL N2 - As the development of optimized glass compositions by traditional trial-and-error methods is laborious, expensive, and time consuming, it is desirable to gather fundamental understanding of structure and to develop structure-property relation models, which allow best and faster choices. Particularly, when it comes to optical applications of glasses doped with emissive trivalent rare earth ions (RE), the chemical environmental around the ions will have a direct influence on the radiative/non-radiative emission probabilities. The vibrational environment and the chemical nature of the bonds in the first coordination sphere of the ions can be tailored, to some extent, based on structural information given by magnetic resonance (NMR and EPR) techniques associated to Raman and photophysical characterization. For the past 5 years, one of the interests of my research group at the University of São Paulo, in Brazil, has been the development of high-density fluoride-phosphate glasses as promising UV and X-ray scintillator materials. The targeted glasses offer a lower vibrational energy, less hygroscopic fluoride environment for the RE ions whereas the phosphate network provides improved mechanical and chemical stability than a purely fluoride glass matrix. Different sets of glasses, based on the compositional system (Ba/Sr)F2-M(PO3)3-MF3-(Sc/Y)F3 where M = Al, In, Ga, and the phosphate component is substituted by the fluoride analogue in 10-30 mol%, were investigated, using Sc3+, Y3+, and the Eu3+ and Yb3+ dopants, as structural probes. Overall, results show that the desired RE coordination by F, at a given F/P ratio, is proportional to the atomic mass of M (In> Ga> Al) and that the Ga- and In- based systems differ from the Al- one by near absence of P-O-P network linkages i.e, the network structures are dominated by Ga-O-P or In-O-P linkages as evidenced by 31P MAS-NMR and Raman. These results are nicely corroborated by observation of decreased intensity in the vibronic band of Eu3+ and significant increase in the excited state lifetime values. Radioluminescence studies were carried out for a series of In-based glasses doped with Ce3+ and Tb3+ yielding intense emissions in the blue and green, respectively, compatible to the spectral region of highest sensitivity of radiation sensor detectors. The aim of the presentation is to show how powerful the combination of NMR, EPR, Raman and PLE spectroscopies can be to provide structural information and to present the perspectives for their introduction in the research agenda of Division 5.6 – Glass, which I now lead, at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) in Berlin, Germany. T2 - GOMD 2024 - Glass and Optical Division Meeting, ACerS CY - Las Vegas, NV, USA DA - 19.05.2024 KW - Glass Digital KW - Glasses KW - Robotic melting PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60357 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Galleani, Gustavo A1 - Lodi, Thiago A. A1 - Conner, Robin L. A1 - Jacobsohn, Luiz G. A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi T1 - Photoluminescence and X-ray induced scintillation in Gd3+-Tb3+ co-doped fluoride-phosphate glasses, and derived glass-ceramics containing NaGdF4 nanocrystals N2 - The glass system (50NaPO3–20BaF2–10CaF2–20GdF3)-xTbCl3 with x = 0.3, 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt % was investigated. We successfully produced transparent glass ceramic (GC) scintillators with x = 1 through a melt-quenching process followed by thermal treatment. The luminescence and crystallization characteristics of these materials were thoroughly examined using various analytical methods. The nanocrystallization of Tb3+-doped Na5Gd9F32 within the doped fluoride-phosphate glasses resulted in enhanced photoluminescence (PL) and radioluminescence (RL) of the Tb3+ ions. The GC exhibited an internal PL quantum yield of 33 % and the integrated RL intensity across the UV-visible range was 36 % of that reported for the commercial BGO powder scintillator. This research showcases that Tb-doped fluoridephosphate GCs containing nanocrystalline Na5Gd9F32 have the potential to serve as efficient scintillators while having lower melting temperature compared to traditional silicate and germanate glasses. KW - Glass scintillator KW - Fluoride phosphate glasses KW - Gd3+ KW - Tb3+ PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-603588 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omx.2023.100288 VL - 21 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-60358 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi T1 - Structure-property correlations in RE-doped fluoride-phosphate glasses for scintillation N2 - As the development of optimized glass compositions by traditional trial-and-error methods is laborious, time consuming, and expensive, it is desirable to develop glass compositions based on a fundamental understanding of the glass structure and to establish structure-property relation models. Particularly, when it comes to optical applications of glasses doped with emissive trivalent rare earth ions (RE), the chemical environmental around the ions will have a direct influence on the radiative/non-radiative emission probabilities. The local vibrational environment and the chemical nature of the bonds in the first coordination sphere of the ions can be tailored, to good extent, based on structural information given by magnetic resonance techniques (NMR and EPR), associated to Raman and photophysical characterization. For the past 5 years, while still employed at the University of São Paulo, in Brazil, one of the interests of my research group has been the development of high-density fluoride-phosphate glasses as promising UV and X-ray scintillator materials. The targeted glasses offer a lower vibrational energy, less hygroscopic fluoride environment for the RE ions whereas the phosphate network provides better mechanical and chemical stability than a purely fluoride glass matrix. Different sets of glasses, based on the compositional system (Ba/Sr)F2-M(PO3)3-MF3-(Sc/Y)F3 where M = Al, In, Ga, and the phosphate component is substituted by the fluoride analogue in 10 - 30 mol%, were investigated, using Sc3+, Y3+, and the Eu3+ and Yb3+ dopants, as structural probes. Overall, results show that the desired RE coordination by fluorine, at a given F/P ratio, is proportional to the atomic mass of M (In> Ga> Al) and that the Ga- and In- based systems differ from the Al- one by near absence of P-O-P network linkages. That is, the network structures are dominated by Ga-O-P or In-O-P linkages, as evidenced by 31P MAS-NMR and Raman. These results are nicely corroborated by observation of decreased intensity of the vibronic band in Eu3+-doped glasses and marked increase in excited state lifetime values. Radioluminescence studies were carried out for a series of In-based glasses doped with Ce3+ and Tb3+, yielding intense emissions in the blue and green, respectively, compatible to the spectral region of the highest sensitivity of radiation sensor detectors. The aim of the presentation is to show how powerful the NMR and EPR techniques can be to provide decisive structural information, and to present the research perspectives in my new role as the Head of Division 5.6 – Glass at BAM. T2 - Fachausschusses I „Physik und Chemie des Glases“, DGG CY - Jena, Germany DA - 02.11.2023 KW - Structure-property correlation KW - Fluoride phosphate glasses KW - Scintillators KW - High energy radiation PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60360 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Galleani, Gustavo A1 - Lodi, Thiago A1 - Merízio, Leonnam A1 - de Jesus, Vinícius A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi T1 - Scintillators, persistent luminescent and white light emitters: Progresses on UV and X-ray converting glasses and composites N2 - Recently, detection and conversion of high energy radiation such as ultraviolet and X-rays has gained renewed attention. In part, technological applications in radioimaging and tomography have developed considerably as to allow lower dosages and higher resolutions, which require optimized scintillators and dosimeters. On the other hand, the increasing effort to reduce carbon footprint in energy production has triggered an intensive search for materials that can be excited with sunlight, ranging from photocatalysts to solar concentrators. At LEMAF – Laboratory of Spectroscopy of Functional Materials at IFSC/USP, we have been developing bulk glasses, polycrystalline and composite materials designed to target both challenges and, in this work an overview of recent progresses and of the state of art of these materials will be given. For instance, the few available comercial scintillators are crystalline materials with costly and time consuming growth which hinders the development of new compositions. Glasses and glass ceramics, such as the NaPGaW composition developed in our lab, present high density, very good optical properties and high chemical stability which allow them radioluminescent response when doped with low concentrations of Ce3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+ offering a promise as alternatives to crystal scintillators. On the other hand, phosphor in glass (PiG) composites based on the persistent luminescent polycrystalline material Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+ (SMSO) embedded into NaPGa glasses offer interesting perspectives for the of UV light into visible, useful for white light generation (lighting), improved harvesting and conversion of solar light when coupled to c-Si PV cells and photocatalysis. These and other examples will be discussed. The glasses are prepared through the conventional melt quenching technique, followed by controlled heating when glass ceramics are desired. The persistent luminescent phosphor is prepared by the microwave assisted technique (MAS) much faster and with considerable energy consumption reduction than in the usual solid state synthesis. The materials are characterized from the structural, morphological and spectroscopic (optical – UV-Vis, PL, PLE, and structural – NMR, EPR) points of view such that structure-property correlations are constantly sought to feedback synthesis and processing. Fig. 1, illustrates two examples of scintillator glasses doped with Tb3+ and PiG composites doped with Eu2+ and Dy3+. T2 - 11th International Conference on f Elements (ICFE-11) CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 22.08.2023 KW - Scintillators KW - Persistent luminescence KW - White light emitters PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60361 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi T1 - Optical properties of dental ceramics: Characterization via UV-Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopies N2 - When it comes to dental treatments, success is not only measured by attained functionality but, to a large extent, the associated aesthetics. This can become challenging for certain restorations and implants due to the complex optical characteristic of a tooth, which reflects, absorbs, diffuses, transmits, and even emits light. Thus, to get acceptable aesthetic results, favourable shade matching of ceramic restorations and implants should be achieved by strict control of optical response, which translates into a materials design question. Optical response is affected by several factors such as the composition, crystalline content, porosity, additives, grain size and the angle of incidence of light on the dental ceramics. The properties to be characterized are colour (and its stability), translucency, opalescence, refractive index, and fluorescence. Several techniques can be applied for the characterization of these properties and in this presentation, an overview will be given. Moreover, particular emphasis will be given on the capacitation of less familiarized public to UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence (PLE) spectroscopies that are versatile and widely employed for functional and structural characterization of glasses and glass ceramic materials. T2 - 2nd BAYLAT Workshop of CERTEV - FAU CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 04.12.2023 KW - Optical properties KW - Dental ceramics KW - Optical spectroscopy PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60364 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi T1 - Glass Digitalization: Contributions from BAM N2 - An overview of the Glass Digitalization efforts at BAM, within the framework of the Glass Digital consortium, was given. From the development of the robotic melting device to the ML capabilities, a description of the different stages of the developments and roles of project partner was presented. T2 - GlaCerHub Melting Day CY - Oponice, Slovakia DA - 12.06.2024 KW - Glass Digital KW - Robotic glass melting KW - Digitalization PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60365 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi T1 - Gender equality in Sciences: Let´s teach our girls to be brave! N2 - A panorama of the global gender gap scenario in sciences, specially STEM, was given to illustrate the need for urgent actions (and suggestions of them) to correct biased treatment and promote females in their scientific careers. T2 - FunGlass School CY - Oponice, Slovakia DA - 10.06.2024 KW - Gender gap KW - Women in science KW - Female noble prize winners PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60366 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi T1 - Spectroscopy Lectures N2 - As a guest professor of FUNGLASS, I delivered 3 lectures on spectroscopy to the Graduate School Program, the postdoctoral fellows and other researchers: 1) Introduction to spectroscopy applied to solid state materials (with focus on glass and glass ceramics); 2) Vibrational spectroscopy (Infrared and Raman); 3) Electron Paramagnetic Resonance T2 - FunGlass CY - Trencín, Slovakia DA - 03.06.2024 KW - Spectroscopy KW - Radiation-matter interaction KW - FT-IR KW - Raman KW - EPR PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60367 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi T1 - From guest scintillators to luminescent host-guest hybrid materials and nanoparticles: Contributions from LEMAF N2 - An overview of the research work conducted at LEMAF - the laboratory of spectroscopy of functional materials in IFSC/USP Brazil under my leadership, before I joined BAM was given. T2 - FunGlass Graduate Program School CY - Oponice, Slovakia DA - 10.10.2023 KW - Multifunctional nanoparticles KW - Structure property correlations KW - Host-guest hybrid materials KW - Scintillators KW - Persistent luminescent KW - Phosphors KW - Composite materials PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60368 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi T1 - Gender equality in sciences: Let's teach our girls to be brave! N2 - A global panorama of the Gender Gap in Sciences was presented along with recommendations on how to remediate unequal treatment of females in Science, and to prepare future generations for gender equality. T2 - Lunch Talk - Women@DGM: Gender Mindsets/Bias in an International Context CY - Online meeting DA - 14.06.2024 KW - Gender gap PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60369 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi T1 - Optical properties of glasses and ceramics N2 - Optical glasses and glass ceramics are present in many devices often used in our daily routine, such as the mobile phones and tablets. Since the 1960´s with the development of glass lasers, and more recently, within the search for efficient W-LEDs, sensors and solar converters, this class of materials has experienced extreme research progress. In order to tailor a material for such applications, it is very important to understand and characterize optical properties such as refractive index, transmission window, absorption and emission cross sections, quantum yields, etc. These properties can often be tuned by appropriate compositional choice and post-synthesis processing. In this lecture we will discuss the optical properties of glasses and glass ceramics, relevant to that end. T2 - 2nd CeRTEV Glass School CY - São Carlos, SP, Brazil DA - 22.04.2024 KW - Optical properties of glasses and ceramics PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60370 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kärcher, Victor A1 - Reiker, Tobias A1 - da Costa, Pedro F.G.M. A1 - de Camargo, Andrea S.S. A1 - Zacharias, Helmut T1 - Quantum control in size selected semiconductor quantum dot thin films N2 - We introduce a novel technique for coherent control that employs resonant internally generated fields in CdTe quantum dot (QD) thin films at the L-point. The bulk band gap of CdTe at the L-point amounts to 3.6 eV, with the transition marked by strong Coulomb coupling. Third harmonic generation (λ3 = 343 nm, hν = 3.61 eV) for a fundamental wavelength of λ 1 = 1,030 nm is used to control quantum interference of three-photon resonant paths between the valence and conduction bands. Different thicknesses of the CdTe QDs are used to manipulate the phase relationship between the external fundamental and the internally generated third harmonic, resulting in either suppression or strong enhancement of the resonant third harmonic, while the nonresonant components remain nearly constant. This development could pave the way for new quantum interference–based applications in ultrafast switching of nanophotonic devices. KW - Nonlinear nanophotonics KW - Quantum interference KW - Third harmonic KW - Coherent control KW - Thin films KW - Quantum dots PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-625859 DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0529 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 229 EP - 239 PB - Walter de Gruyter GmbH AN - OPUS4-62585 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arai, Marylyn Setsuko A1 - Ravaro, Leandro Piaggi A1 - Brambilla, Gabriel A1 - Maia, Lauro June Queiroz A1 - Reza Dousti, Mohammad A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi T1 - Upconverting Nanoparticles and Cu(I) Complex-Based Platform for Oxygen Sensing, Thermometry, and Emission Color Tuning N2 - Multifunctional nanoplatforms combine different material properties to meet a wide range of applications, allowing highly customizable systems. In this rapidly advancing research field, we introduce a multifunctional nanomaterial based on the synergy between Tm3+-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) and a Cu(I) complex (CuCom). This material is designed for oxygen sensing, optical thermometry, and emission color tuning. In various concentrations, the CuCom complex was electrostatically integrated into a mesoporous silica shell surrounding the core UCNPs (UCNP@mSiO2). The optimized system, UCNP@mSiO2@CuCom-10, was evaluated for different applications. Due to the spectral overlap between the CuCom absorption and the nanoparticles emission, excitation at 980 nm allows most of the UV-blue emission output from the UCNPs to be transferred to the CuCom via luminescent resonance energy transfer (LRET), producing red emission from the molecule. The remaining Tm3+ emission enables optical thermometry, while CuCom’s sensitivity to molecular oxygen supports its application in gas sensing. In upconversion mode, the nanoplatform achieved a Stern−Volmer constant for O2 sensing of 1.64 and demonstrated thermometric relative sensitivities of 0.9% and 1% K−1 at room temperature, with a linear response from 193 to 373 K. Additionally, the emission color of UCNP@mSiO2@CuCom-10 can be tuned from blue to white and yellow, by varying the excitation and temperature, adding further functionality to the system. This multifunctional platform suggests promising applications in biology, medicine, and environmental monitoring. KW - M KW - O2 sensing KW - Upconversion KW - Luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) KW - Optical thermometry KW - Mesoporous silica shell PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-625869 SN - 2574-0970 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c06351 VL - 8 SP - 854 EP - 862 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-62586 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Montazerian, Maziar A1 - Mauro, John C. A1 - de Camargo, Andrea S. S. T1 - Richard Adolf Zsigmondy: Nobel laureate and pioneer in optical glasses N2 - Austrian chemist Richard A. Zsigmondy was known for his work in colloid chemistry, but his research inspired advancements in optical glasses as well. KW - Quantum dots KW - Glass KW - Richard Zsigmondy PY - 2024 VL - 103 IS - 9 SP - 38 EP - 40 AN - OPUS4-62590 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blaeß, Carsten T1 - Binder jetting of crystallizing bioactive glass powders N2 - Customized artificial bone replacement implants made of resorbable bioactive glass (BG) have not yet become widely accepted in clinical use. This is mainly due to the contrariness of sintering ability and appropriate bioactivity. Concurrent crystallization often prevents the generation of dense sinter bodies, especially for additive manufactured 3D scaffolds. The presented study investigates the limits and advantages of crystallization of powder compacts manufactured by binder jetting and uniaxial pressing for different particle size fractions (psf) of two BGs. T2 - CeramicAM 2024 - 1º CY - Sao Paulo, Brasil DA - 19.09.2024 KW - Bioactive glass KW - Sintering KW - Crystallization KW - Additive manufacturing PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62594 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa T1 - Licht- und Elektronenoptische 3D-Verfahren zur Analyse von Bruchflächen N2 - Die Analyse von Bruchflächen wird in der Schadensanalyse meist auf der Basis von Erfahrungswissen vorgenommen, welches aus vorliegenden Untersuchungen, eigenen Vergleichsversuchen und aus der Literatur stammt. Durch Vergleiche mit bereits vorliegenden Bildern werden qualitativ Bruchmechanismen ermittelt. Grundlage sind zumeist zweidimensionale Bilder aus licht- und elekt-ronenoptischen Verfahren. Quantitative Aussagen beziehen sich bislang beispielsweise auf makroskopische Anteile von Bruchmechanismen oder die Ausmessung von Schwingstreifen. In jüngerer Zeit gibt es vermehrt Ansätze, Computer-Algorithmen einzusetzen, die in der Lage sind, unterschiedlich strukturierte Bruchmerkmale zu finden und zu klassifizieren. Im hier vorgestellten IGF-Vorhaben „iFrakto“, IGF Vorhaben Nr.: 21477 N, werden licht- und elektronenoptisch Topographie-Bilder erzeugt und die gewonnenen 3D-Informationen zusammen mit den klassischen 2D-Bildern ausgewertet. T2 - Treffen der AG Fraktographie im Gemeinschaftsausschuss Rasterelektronenmikroskopie in der Materialprüfung CY - Online meeting DA - 19.11.2021 KW - 3D REM KW - Fraktographie KW - Bruchflächen PY - 2021 UR - https://dgm.inventum.de/widget/preview/45d8c33d-622b-43e2-8459-ba783394a723/611d133ebdac0611d133ebdac1 AN - OPUS4-53800 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nawaz, Q. A1 - Blaeß, Carsten A1 - Mueller, Ralf A1 - Boccaccini, A.R. T1 - Processing and cytocompatibility of Cu-doped and undoped fluoride-containing bioactive glasses N2 - Sintered or additive-manufactured bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds are highly interesting for bone replacement applications. However, crystallization often limits the high-temperature processability of bioactive glasses (BGs). Thus, the BG composition must combine high bioactivity and processability. In this study, three BGs with nominal molar (%) compositions 54.6SiO2-1.7P2O3-22.1CaO-6.0Na2O-7.9K2O-7.7MgO (13–93), 44.8SiO2-2.5P2O3-36.5CaO-6.6Na2O-6.6K2O-3.0CaF2 (F3) and 44.8SiO2-2.5P2O3-35.5CaO-6.6Na2O-6.6K2O-3.0CaF2-1.0CuO (F3–Cu) were investigated. The dissolution and ion release kinetics were investigated on milled glass powder and crystallized particles (500–600 μm). All glasses showed the precipitation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals after 7 days of immersion in simulated body fluid. No significant differences in ion release from glass and crystalline samples were detected. The influence of surface roughness on cytocompatibility and growth of preosteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) was investigated on sintered and polished BG pellets. Results showed that sintered BG pellets were cytocompatible, and cells were seen to be well attached and spread on the surface after 5 days of incubation. The results showed an inverse relation of cell viability with the surface roughness of pellets, and cells were seen to attach and spread along the direction of scratches. KW - Bioactive glass KW - Crystallization KW - Solubility KW - Cytocompatibility KW - Surface roughness PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-598257 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100586 SN - 2666-5395 VL - 18 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-59825 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - da Costa, P. F. G. M. A1 - Merízio, L. G. A1 - Wolff, N. A1 - Terraschke, H. A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi T1 - Real-time monitoring of CdTe quantum dots growth in aqueous solution N2 - Quantum dots (QDs) are remarkable semiconductor nanoparticles, whose optical properties are strongly size-dependent. Therefore, the real-time monitoring of crystal growth pathway during synthesis gives an excellent opportunity to a smart design of the QDs luminescence. In this work, we present a new approach for monitoring the formation of QDs in aqueous solution up to 90 °C, through in situ luminescence analysis, using CdTe as a model system. This technique allows a detailed examination of the evolution of their light emission. In contrast to in situ absorbance analysis, the in situ luminescence measurements in reflection geometry are particularly advantageous once they are not hindered by the concentration increase of the colloidal suspension. The synthesized particles were additionally characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis, transition electron microscopy, UV-Vis absorption and infrared spectroscopy. The infrared spectra showed that 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)-based thiols are covalently bound on the surface of QDs and microscopy revealed the formation of CdS. Setting a total of 3 h of reaction time, for instance, the QDs synthesized at 70, 80 and 90 °C exhibit emission maxima centered at 550, 600 and 655 nm. The in situ monitoring approach opens doors for a more precise achievement of the desired emission wavelength of QDs. KW - CdTe quantum dots KW - In situ synthesis KW - Real time growth control PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-603596 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57810-8 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-60359 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Fengchan A1 - Oiticica, Pedro Ramon Almeida A1 - Abad-Arredondo, Jaime A1 - Arai, Marylyn Setsuko A1 - Oliveira, Osvaldo N. A1 - Jaque, Daniel A1 - Fernandez Dominguez, Antonio I. A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi A1 - Haro-González, Patricia T1 - Brownian Motion Governs the Plasmonic Enhancement of Colloidal Upconverting Nanoparticles N2 - Upconverting nanoparticles are essential in modern photonics due to their ability to convert infrared light to visible light. Despite their significance, they exhibit limited brightness, a key drawback that can be addressed by combining them with plasmonic nanoparticles. Plasmon-enhanced upconversion has been widely demonstrated in dry environments, where upconverting nanoparticles are immobilized, but constitutes a challenge in liquid media where Brownian motion competes against immobilization. This study employs optical tweezers for the three-dimensional manipulation of an individual upconverting nanoparticle, enabling the exploration of plasmon-enhanced upconversion luminescence in water. Contrary to expectation, experiments reveal a long-range (micrometer scale) and moderate (20%) enhancement in upconversion luminescence due to the plasmonic resonances of gold nanostructures. Comparison between experiments and numerical simulations evidences the key role of Brownian motion. It is demonstrated how the three-dimensional Brownian fluctuations of the upconverting nanoparticle lead to an “average effect” that explains the magnitude and spatial extension of luminescence enhancement. KW - Upconversion KW - Plasmon enhancement KW - Optical tweezers KW - Brownian motion KW - Nanoparticles PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-603551 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00379 VL - 24 IS - 12 SP - 3785 EP - 3792 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-60355 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Busch, R. A1 - Tielemann, Christopher A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Patzig, C. A1 - Krause, M. A1 - Höche, T. T1 - Sample preparation for analytical scanning electron microscopy using initial notch sectioning N2 - A novel method for broad ion beam based sample sectioning using the concept of initial notches is presented. An adapted sample geometry is utilized in order to create terraces with a well-define d step in erosion depth from the surface. The method consists of milling a notch into the surface, followed by glancing-angle ion beam erosion, which leads to preferential erosion at the notch due to increased local surface elevation. The process of terrace formation can be utilized in sample preparation for analytical scanning electron microscopy in order to get efficient access to the depth-dependent microstructure of a material. It is demonstrated that the method can be applied to both conducting and non-conducting specimens. Furthermore, experimental parameters influencing the preparation success are determined. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, an electron backscatter diffraction study on a surface crystallized diopside glass ceramic is performed, where the method is used to analyze orientation dependent crystal growth phenomena occurring during growth of surface crystals into the bulk. KW - 3D etching KW - Ion beam erosion Sectioning KW - EBSD KW - Sample preparation KW - Analytical scanning electron microscopy KW - SEM KW - Glass Ceramic KW - Glass KW - Diopsid PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2021.103090 SN - 0968-4328 VL - 150 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-53075 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Scheffler, F. A1 - Tielemann, Christopher T1 - Crystallization of glasses studied with PEEM N2 - A heat treated glass that formed crystals under controlled conditions can be a glass ceramic. A proper understanding of crystallization in glassy melts is needed yet still lacking. Involved processes include the mobility of Elements within the glass during heat treatment and the reorganization of atomic bonds during crystallization. This change in coordination number of certain elements is easily observable in bulk glass samples during heat treatment with XAS. Our plan was to monitor these reorganization processes in situ at the immediate surface during heat treatment with PEEM to get time and spatial resolved data. T2 - Joint Meeting of the Polish Synchrotron Radiation Society and SOLARIS Users CY - Online meeting DA - 09.09.2020 KW - Glass KW - Surface KW - Peem KW - Synchrotron PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51336 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Behrens, H. A1 - Deubener, J. T1 - Crack growth in borate and silicate glasses: Stress-corrosion susceptibility and hydrolytic resistance N2 - A double cantilever beam technique in air equipped with ultrasound modulation was used to measure the crack velocity v in borate and silicate glasses. In all glasses v and the stress intensity KI followed the empirical correlation v ~ KIn. Indicated by its smallest KI at v = 1 μm s − 1, KI* = 0.27 MPa m0.5, the silicoborate glass containing 70 mol% B2O3 was found most susceptible to stress-corrosion enhanced crack growth. Contrarily, the sodium calcium magnesium silicate glass appeared least susceptible with KI* = 0.57 MPa m0.5. No clear correlation is evident between KI*, reflecting the stress-corrosion susceptibility, and the hydrolytic resistance for all glasses under study, but values of n obtained from the present study and taken from previous literature for 35 glasses tend to decrease with increasing network modifier ion fraction. Energy dissipation during stress-corrosion enhanced crack propagation is assumed to cause this trend. KW - DCB KW - Alkali and alkaline earth silicate and borate glass KW - Crack growth in air KW - Stress-corrosion KW - Stress intensity PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2020.120414 VL - 551 SP - 120414 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-51393 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi T1 - Luminescent multifunctional nanostructures for sensing and theranostics applications N2 - An overview of the work carried out at LEMAF - Laboratory of Spectroscopy of Functional Materials at IFSC/USP was given. The work presented focus on the design, production and functional characterization of multifunctional nanoparticles. T2 - NANOANDES - Latin American School on Nanomaterials and Appllications CY - Araraquara, SP, Brazil DA - 10.10.2023 KW - Multifunctional nanoparticles KW - Upconversion nanoparticles KW - Quantum dots KW - Noble metal nanoparticles PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60363 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi T1 - Luminescent multifunctional nanostructures for sensing and theranostics applications N2 - The research carried out at the Laboratory of Spectroscopy of Functional Materials at IFSC/USP, in Brazil, is focused on the synthesis and structural-property correlation of luminescent materials including rare-earth (RE) doped glasses, ceramics and hybrid host-guest materials. For the past five years, we have been particularly interested in the development of single- and multifunctional nanosystems based on core-shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) associated with dyes, organometallic complexes and other organic molecules, for biophotonic and sensing applications. In these systems, we take advantage of energy transfer between the UCNPs and the molecules to either supress or enhance luminescent response. Examples include the possibility of bioimaging and photodynamic therapy of bacteria and cancer cells, simultaneous magnetothermia and thermometry, localized O2 sensing, fast detection and quantification of biological markers (e.g. kidney disease) and microorganisms. On what concerns the development of luminescent sensors - a recently started project, our aim is to develop paper-based platforms for point-of-care devices. In this presentation, an overview of our contributions for the past years and our future aims will be presented with several examples. T2 - ICL2023 - 20th International Conference on Luminescence CY - Paris, France DA - 27.08.2023 KW - Upconversion KW - Sensing KW - Theranostics KW - Nanoparticles KW - Photodynamic therapy PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60362 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Thieme, C. A1 - Rüssel, C. T1 - Crystal growth velocities of a highly anisotropic phase obtained via surface and volume crystallization of barium–strontium–zinc silicate glasses N2 - In the past few years, a new phase, Ba0.5Sr0.5Zn2Si2O7 with negative thermal expansion has been described in the literature. Some excess of SiO2 is necessary to produce glasses from which the Ba0.5Sr0.5Zn2Si2O7 phase can be crystallized. Unfortunately, in such glasses usually surface crystallization occurs; however, the addition of nucleating agents such as trace quantities of platinum or relatively high quantities of ZrO2 is necessary to achieve bulk nucleation. These additional components also affect the crystal growth velocity, which furthermore is different for crystal growth from the surface and in the bulk. In this paper, three different chemical compositions containing different ZrO2 concentrations, where one composition additionally contains 100 ppm platinum, are studied with respect to their crystallization behaviour. Although the compositions do not differ much, the crystallization behaviour and also the Crystal growth velocities are surprisingly different. KW - Glass ceramic KW - Crystal growth velocity KW - Low expansion PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04773-6 SN - 0022-2461 VL - 55 SP - 10364 EP - 10374 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-50853 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arai, Marylyn Setsuko A1 - Kim, Hyunho A1 - Pascavis, Madeleine A1 - Cha, Baekdong A1 - Brambilla, Gabriel A1 - Cho, Young Kwan A1 - Park, Jinho A1 - Vilela, Raquel R. C. A1 - de Camargo, Andrea S. S. A1 - Castro, Cesar M. A1 - Lee, Hakho T1 - Upconverting Nanoparticle-based Enhanced Luminescence Lateral-Flow Assay for Urinary Biomarker Monitoring N2 - Development of efficient portable sensors for accurately detecting biomarkers is crucial for early disease diagnosis, yet remains a significant challenge. To address this need, we introduce the enhanced luminescence lateral-flow assay, which leverages highly luminescent upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) alongside a portable reader and a smartphone app. The sensor’s efficiency and versatility were shown for kidney health monitoring as a proof of concept. We engineered Er3+- and Tm3+-doped UCNPs coated with multiple layers, including an undoped inert matrix shell, a mesoporous silica shell, and an outer layer of gold (UCNP@mSiO2@Au). These coatings synergistically enhance emission by over 40-fold and facilitate biomolecule conjugation, rendering UCNP@mSiO2@Au easy to use and suitable for a broad range of bioapplications. Employing these optimized nanoparticles in lateral-flow assays, we successfully detected two acute kidney injury-related biomarkers-kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)-in urine samples. Using our sensor platform, KIM-1 and NGAL can be accurately detected and quantified within the range of 0.1 to 20 ng/mL, boasting impressively low limits of detection at 0.28 and 0.23 ng/mL, respectively. Validating our approach, we analyzed clinical urine samples, achieving biomarker concentrations that closely correlated with results obtained via ELISA. Importantly, our system enables biomarker quantification in less than 15 min, underscoring the performance of our novel UCNP-based approach and its potential as reliable, rapid, and user-friendly diagnostics. KW - Biosensor KW - Upconverting nanoparticles KW - Lateral flow KW - Portable sensor KW - Kidney injury PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c06117 SN - 1944-8244 VL - 16 IS - 29 SP - 38243 EP - 38251 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-60689 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Reinsch, Stefan T1 - Oriented Surface Crystallization in Glasses N2 - Up to now, oriented surface crystallization phenomena are discussed controversially, and related studies are restricted to few glasses. For silicate glasses we found a good correlation between the calculated surface energy of crystal faces and oriented surface nucleation. Surface energies were estimated assuming that crystal surfaces resemble minimum energy crack paths along the given crystal plane. This concept was successfully applied at the Institute of Physics of Rennes in calculating fracture surface energies of glasses. Several oriented nucleation phenomena can be herby explained assuming that high energy crystal surfaces tend to be wetted by the melt. This would minimize the total interfacial energy of the nucleus. Furthermore, we will discuss the evolution of the microstructure and its effect on the preferred crystal orientation. T2 - ACerS GOMD 2024- Glass & Optical Materials Division Meeting CY - Las Vegas, NV, USA DA - 19.05.2024 KW - Surface nucleation KW - Oriented surface crystallization KW - Surface energy PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60238 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Portella, P. T1 - The contribution of the Platform MaterialDigital (PMD) in building up a Materials Data Space - Application to glass design and manufacturing N2 - Suitable material solutions are of key importance in designing and producing components for engineering systems – either for functional or structural applications. Materials data are generated, transferred, and introduced at each step along the complete life cycle of a component. A reliable materials data space is therefore crucial in the digital transformation of an industrial branch. A great challenge in establishing a materials data space lies in the complexity and diversity of materials science and engineering. It must be able to handle data from different knowledge areas over several magnitudes of length scale. The Platform MaterialDigital (PMD) is expected to network a large number of repositories of materials data, allowing the direct contact of different stakeholders as materials producers, testing labs, designers and end users. Following the FAIR principles, it will promote the semantic interoperability across the frontiers of materials classes. In the frame of a large joint initiative, PMD works intensively together with currently near 20 research consortia in promoting this exchange (www.material-digital.de). In this presentation we will describe the status of our Platform MaterialDigital. We will also present in more detail the activities of GlasDigital, one of the joint projects mentioned above dealing with the digitalization of glass design and manufacturing. (https://www.bam.de/Content/EN/Projects/GlasDigital/glasdigital.html) T2 - OntoCommons Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.04.2023 KW - Ontology KW - Materials Data Space KW - PMD KW - Glass PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60371 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Reinsch, Stefan T1 - A new robot-assisted compositional screening method N2 - The system Na2O.B2O3-SiO2 (NBS) is the basis of many industrial glass applications and therefore one of the most studied systems at all. Glass formation is possible over a wide compositional range, but the system also contains ranges of pronounced phase separation and crystallization tendency. Despite its importance, experimental data are limited to few compositional areas. The general understanding and modelling of glass formation, phase separation, and crystallization in this system would therefore be easier if small step melt series could be studied. The efficient melting of such glass series is now possible with the new robotic glass melting system at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM, Division Glasses). Using three exemplary joins within this NBS system, the small step changes of glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization behavior as well as glass density (Roh) was studied. Additionally, experimental Tg and Roh data were compared with their modeled counterparts using SciGlass and a newly developed DFT model, respectively. T2 - Annual meeting of the French Union for Science and Glass Technology (USTV) and the 96th Annual Meeting of the German Society of Glass Technology - USTV-DGG joint meeting. CY - Orléans, France DA - 22.05.2023 KW - Robot-assisted galss melting KW - Sodiumborosilicate glasses KW - Density KW - Glass transformation temperature KW - Property simulation PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58724 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Arendt, F. A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi A1 - Chen, Y.-F. A1 - Gogula, S. A1 - Kilo, M. A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - GlasDigital N2 - Der aktuelle Stand des MateriaDigital Projektes GlasDigital wird vorgestellt. Hierbei wird allgemein die Problem- und Zielstellung präsentiert, als auch auf 2 separaten Postern die Ergebnisse. Diese beinhalten zum Einen die smarte Gestaltung der robotergestützten Glasschmelzanlage der BAM inkl. Analytik und zum Anderen die Digitalisierungsbestrebungen im Bereich Glas, d.h. ML-gestützte C-S-P-Simulation, Ontologie für den Werkstoff Glas, Digitaler Zwilling des Gießprozesses. T2 - PMD Vollversammlung 2023 CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 21.09.2023 KW - GlasDigital KW - Ontologie KW - Bildanalyse KW - Simulation KW - Roboter KW - Digitalisierung PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58734 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kilo, M. T1 - New Approaches for the Preparation and Characterisation of New Glasses N2 - The new robot-assisted glass melting device at BAM is presented by the manufacturing team within the joint project GlasDigital together with an automatic thermo-optical measurement technique. T2 - UST-DGG joint meeting CY - Orléans, France DA - 23.05.2023 KW - Glass melting KW - Thermo-optical measurement PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58733 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Reinsch, Stefan T1 - Oriented Surface Crystallization in Glasses N2 - Up to now, oriented surface crystallization phenomena are discussed controversially, and related studies are restricted to few glasses. For silicate glasses we found a good correlation between the calculated surface energy of crystal faces and oriented surface nucleation. Surface energies were estimated assuming that crystal surfaces resemble minimum energy crack paths along the given crystal plane. This concept was successfully applied at the Institute of Physics of Rennes in calculating fracture surface energies of glasses. Several oriented nucleation phenomena can be herby explained assuming that high energy crystal surfaces tend to be wetted by the melt. This would minimize the total interfacial energy of the nucleus. Furthermore, we will discuss the evolution of the microstructure and its effect on the preferred crystal orientation. T2 - 13th International Symposium on Crystallization in Glasses and Liquids CY - Orléans, France DA - 24.09.2024 KW - Surface crystallization KW - Surface energy KW - Crystal orientation KW - Silicate glass PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-62219 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - GlassDigital: Digital Infrastructure for Data-Driven High-Throughput Glass Development N2 - Gläser zeichnen sich durch eine breite und kontinuierlich abstimmbare chemische Zusammensetzung sowie einzigartige Formgebungstechniken aus, was sie oft zur Schlüsselkomponente moderner Hochtechnologien macht. Die Glasentwicklung ist jedoch oft noch zu kosten-, zeit- und energieintensiv. Der Einsatz von robotergestützten Schmelzsystemen, eingebettet in eine Ontologie-basierte digitale Umgebung, soll diese Probleme in Zukunft überwinden. Im Rahmen der BMBF Forschungsinitiative MaterialDigital unternimmt das Verbundprojekt GlasDigital „Datengetriebener Workflow für die beschleunigte Entwicklung von Glas“ erste Schritte in diese Richtung. Das Projektkonsortium, an dem das Fraunhofer ISC in Würzburg, die Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena (OSIM), die Technische Universität Clausthal (INW) und die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM, Fachgruppe Glas) beteiligt sind, will alle wesentlichen Basiskomponenten für eine beschleunigte datengetriebene Glasentwicklung zusammenführen. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein robotergestütztes Hochdurchsatz-Glasschmelzsystem mit neuartigen Inline-Sensoren zur Prozessüberwachung, auf maschinellem Lernen (ML) basierenden adaptiven Algorithmen zur Prozessüberwachung und -optimierung, neuartigen Werkzeugen für die Hochdurchsatz-Glasanalyse sowie ML-basierten Algorithmen zum Glasdesign, Data Mining sowie Eigenschafts- und Prozessmodellierung ausgestattet. Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick darüber, wie all diese Komponenten miteinander verzahnt sind, und veranschaulicht ihre Nutzbarkeit anhand einiger Beispiele. T2 - HVG-Fortbildungskurs CY - Offenbach, Germany DA - 27.11.2023 KW - Glas KW - Ontology KW - Workflow KW - Simulation KW - Robotic melting PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60386 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - GlasDigital - Datengetriebener Workflow für die beschleunigte Glasentwicklung N2 - Im Projekt GlasDigital sollen digitale Werkzeuge für die Hochdurchsatzentwicklung neuartiger Glaswerkstoffe erarbeitet werden. Dies soll durch die Kombination robotischer Syntheseverfahren mit selbstlernenden Maschinen und ihre Einbindung in eine Ontologie-basierte digitale Infrastruktur realisiert werden. T2 - 4. Fachsymposium der Fachgruppe Glasapparatebauer CY - Mitterteich, Germany DA - 13.06.2024 KW - Glas KW - Ontology KW - Data Space KW - Simulation KW - Workflow KW - Robotische Schmelzanlage PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60388 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - Digital infrastructure for accelerated glass development N2 - Glasses stand out by their wide and continuously tunable chemical composition and large variety of unique shaping techniques making them a key component of modern high technologies. Glass development, however, is still often too cost-, time- and energy-intensive. The use of robotic melting systems embedded in an ontology-based digital environment is intended to overcome these problems in future. For this purpose, a robotic high throughput glass melting system is equipped with novel inline sensors for process monitoring, machine learning (ML)-based, adaptive algorithms for process monitoring and optimization, novel tools for high throughput glass analysis and ML-based algorithms for glass design. This includes software tools for data mining as well as property and process modelling. The presentation provides an overview of how all these tools merge into a digital infrastructure and illustrates their usability using examples. All infrastructural parts were developed by a consortium consisting of the Fraunhofer ISC in Würzburg, the Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena (OSIM), the Clausthal University of Technology (INW) and the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM, Division Glasses) as part of a joint project of the German research initiative MaterialDigital. T2 - 97. Glass-Technology Conference CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 27.05.2024 KW - Glass KW - Robotic melting KW - Ontologie KW - Simulation KW - Workflow KW - Data Space KW - Digital Twin PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60387 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - GlasDigital: Data-driven workflow for accelerated glass development N2 - Glasses stand out by their wide and continuously tunable chemical composition and large variety of unique shaping techniques making them a key component of modern high technologies. Glass development, however, is still often too cost-, time- and energy-intensive. The use of robotic melting systems embedded in an ontology-based digital environment is intended to overcome these problems in future. As part of the German research initiative MaterialDigital, the joint project GlasDigital takes first steps in this direction. The project consortium involves the Fraunhofer ISC in Würzburg, the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (OSIM), the Clausthal University of Technology (INW), and the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM, Division Glasses) and aims to combine all main basic components required for accelerated data driven glass development. For this purpose, a robotic high throughput glass melting system is equipped with novel inline sensors for process monitoring, machine learning (ML)-based, adaptive algorithms for process monitoring and optimization, novel tools for high throughput glass analysis and ML-based algorithms for glass design, including software tools for data mining as well as property and process modelling. The talk gives an overview how all these tools are interconnected and illustrates their usability with some examples. T2 - USTV-DGG joint meeting CY - Orleans, France DA - 22.05.2023 KW - Glass KW - Ontology KW - Data Space KW - Workflow KW - Robotic melting PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60372 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blaeß, Carsten T1 - Undesired Foaming of Silicate Glass Powders N2 - The manufacture of sintered glasses and glass-ceramics, glass matrix composites, and glass-bounded ceramics or pastes is often affected by un-expected gas bubble formation also named foaming. Against this background, in this presentation the main aspects and possible reasons of foaming are shown for completely different glass powders: a barium silicate glass powders used as SOFC sealants, and bioactive glass powders using different powder milling procedures. Sintering and foaming were measured by means of heating microscopy backed up by XRD, differential thermal analysis (DTA), vacuum hot extraction (VHE), optical and electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Different densification was reached followed by significant foaming starting partly immediately, partly at higher temperature. Foaming increased significantly as milling progressed. For moderately milled glass powders, subsequent storage in air could also promote foaming. Although the milling atmosphere significantly affects the foaming of uniaxially pressed powder compacts sintered in air. VHE studies show that foaming is driven by carbon gases and carbonates were detected by Infrared spectroscopy to provide the major foaming source. Carbonates could be detected even after heating to 750 °C, which hints on a thermally very stable species or mechanical trapping or encapsulating of CO2. Otherwise, dark gray compact colors for milling in isopropanol indicate the presence of residual carbon as well. Its significant contribution to foaming, however, could not be proved and might be limited by the diffusivity of oxygen needed for carbon oxidation to carbon gas. T2 - Seminário de Laboratório de Materiais Vítreos (LaMaV) de Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais (DEMa), Universidade Federal São Carlos UFSCar) CY - Saint Charles, Brazil DA - 06.06.2024 KW - Bioactive KW - Foaming KW - Glass KW - Crystallization KW - Viscose sintering PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60245 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Diegeler, A. T1 - Digital material data based glass screening for the systematic development of new glasses N2 - Current German developments for accelerated glass development is presented to an international audience at GOMD 2023. The focus is on a screening device which is embedded in a digital infrastructure. T2 - GOMD CY - New Orleans, LA, USA DA - 04.06.2023 KW - Glass KW - Robotic melting PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60376 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kilo, M. T1 - New Approaches for the Preparation and Characterisation of New Glasses N2 - The new robot-assisted glass melting device at BAM is presented by the manufacturing team within the joint project GlasDigital together with an automatic thermo-optical measurement technique. T2 - USTV-DGG joint meeting CY - Orleans, France DA - 22.05.2023 KW - Glass KW - Robotic melting PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60374 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stargardt, Patrick T1 - H2 permeability of soda-lime, borosilicate and vitreous silica glasses for potential high pressure H2 storage applications N2 - Modern high-pressure H2 tanks consist of fiber-reinforced composite materials and a plastic lining on the inside. The use of glass would drastically increase the H2 barrier effect. This could be achieved with glass liners or fiber-reinforced polymer-bonded glass capillary storage tanks and would enable lower wall thicknesses, higher gravimetric storage densities and variable designs and thus a much more effective use of space. However, the decisive material parameters for the development of these technologies, such as the hydrogen permeation, are unknown. This study focuses on H2 diffusion in glasses of different chemical compositions. H2 permeation is measured by mass spectrometry. For this purpose, the mass spectrometer (MS), which is located in a high vacuum, is separated from the pressure side by the test specimen. Pure H2 gas is present on the pressure side, so that the mass flow is recorded qualitatively and quantitatively in the MS. The permeation coefficients are calculated from the sample geometry and the mass flow rates. The very low H2 permeation of glass is measured on bundles of thin-walled commercially available glass capillaries and compared with the hydrogen permeation data of the glass powder method. T2 - Jahrestagung der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft 2024 CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 27.05.2024 KW - Gas permeation KW - Hydrogen gas KW - High pressure gas storage PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60420 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - GlasDigital N2 - Der aktuelle Stand (Sep 2023) des Projekts GlasDigital wird präsentiert. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf einer knappen Übersicht, aus der die nachhaltigen Beiträge für die Innovationsplattform MaterialDigital hervorgehen. T2 - PMD Vollversammlung CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 21.09.2023 KW - Glas KW - Robotische Schmelzanlage KW - Ontologie KW - Simulation PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60377 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella T1 - The contribution of the Platform MaterialDigital (PMD) in building up a Materials Data Space - Application to glass design and manufacturing N2 - Suitable material solutions are of key importance in designing and producing components for engineering systems – either for functional or structural applications. Materials data are generated, transferred, and introduced at each step along the complete life cycle of a component. A reliable materials data space is therefore crucial in the digital transformation of an industrial branch. A great challenge in establishing a materials data space lies in the complexity and diversity of materials science and engineering. It must be able to handle data from different knowledge areas over several magnitudes of length scale. The Platform MaterialDigital (PMD) is expected to network a large number of repositories of materials data, allowing the direct contact of different stakeholders as materials producers, testing labs, designers and end users. Following the FAIR principles, it will promote the semantic interoperability across the frontiers of materials classes. In the frame of a large joint initiative, PMD works intensively together with currently near 20 research consortia in promoting this exchange (www.material-digital.de). In this presentation we will describe the status of our Platform MaterialDigital. We will also present in more detail the activities of GlasDigital, one of the joint projects mentioned above dealing with the digitalization of glass design and manufacturing. (https://www.bam.de/Content/EN/Projects/GlasDigital/glasdigital.html) T2 - Onto Commons Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.04.2023 KW - Ontology KW - Data space PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58732 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - GlasDigital: Data-driven workflow for accelerated glass development N2 - Glasses stand out by their wide and continuously tunable chemical composition and large variety of unique shaping techniques making them a key component of modern high technologies. Glass development, however, is still often too cost-, time- and energy-intensive. The use of robotic melting systems embedded in an ontology-based digital infrastructure might overcome these problems. As part of the German research initiative MaterialDigital [1], the joint project GlasDigital took first steps in this direction combining all main components required for accelerated data driven glass development. For this purpose, a robotic high throughput glass melting system was equipped with inline sensors for process monitoring, machine learning (ML)-based adaptive algorithms for process monitoring and optimization, novel tools for high throughput glass analysis and ML-based algorithms for glass design, including data mining as well as property and process modelling. The talk gives an overview how these tools are interconnected and illustrates their usability. T2 - 27th International Congress on Glass 2025 CY - Kolkata, India DA - 20.01.2025 KW - Materials digitalisation PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63820 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - Internal friction and energy dissipation during crack propagation in silicate glasses N2 - To obtain a deeper insight into the nature of energy dissipation during crack propagation, the internal friction of 13 borosilicate, aluminosilicate, soda-lime, and lead-containing glasses, for which inert crack growth data are available in the literature, was measured using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. For asymmetrically bent glass beams, the loss tangent tanδ was determined between 0.2 and 50 Hz at temperatures between 273 K and the glass transition temperature Tg. It was found that the area under the tanδ vs. T/Tg curve correlates with the crack growth exponent, n, in the empirical v ~ KIn relation between crack growth velocity, v, and stress intensity, KI. This correlation was most distinct for T/Tg < 0.3, still clear for T/Tg < 0.5, but not found for T/Tg > 0.8. The observed results indicate that n correlates with the degree of energy dissipation of relaxation phenomena below Tg. T2 - 27th International Congress on Glass 2025 CY - Kolkata, India DA - 20.01.2025 KW - Internal friction KW - Energy dissipation KW - Crack propagation KW - Silicate glasses PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63819 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Busch, Richard T1 - Surface Initiated Structure Formation in Glass Ceramics N2 - A summery of previous research regarding surface crystallization is given as well as results regarding thecurrent DFG project are presented. T2 - XRM Workshop CY - Halle, Germany DA - 03.03.2020 KW - Glass KW - Surface KW - XRM PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51337 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Reinsch, Stefan T1 - Orientierte Oberflächenkristallisation in Gläsern N2 - Bislang wird das Phänomen der orientierten Oberflächenkristallisation kontrovers diskutiert und entsprechende Studien beschränken sich auf nur wenige Gläser. Für Silikatgläser haben wir eine gute Korrelation zwischen der berechneten Oberflächenenergie von Kristallflächen und der orientierten Oberflächenkeimbildung gefunden. Die Oberflächenenergien wurden unter der Annahme abgeschätzt, dass die Kristalloberflächen bei der Keimbildung den Kristallebenen mit minimaler Energie entsprechen, denen ein Riss beim Bruch folgt. Dieses Konzept wurde am Institut für Physik in Rennes erfolgreich bei der Berechnung der Bruchflächenenergien von Gläsern angewandt. Mehrere orientierte Keimbildungsphänomene lassen sich dadurch erklären, dass man annimmt, dass Kristalloberflächen mit hoher Energie dazu neigen, von der Schmelze benetzt zu werden. Dies minimiert die gesamte Grenzflächenenergie des Keims. Darüber hinaus werden wir die Entwicklung der Mikrostruktur beim weiteren Kristallwachstum und ihre Auswirkungen auf die bevorzugte Kristallorientierung diskutieren. T2 - 21. Treffen des DGG-DKG Arbeitskreises „Glasig-kristalline Multifunktionswerkstoffe“ CY - Mainz, Germany DA - 22.02.2024 KW - Oberflächenkeimbildung KW - Kristallorientierung KW - Grenzflächenenergie PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60237 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Reinsch, Stefan T1 - Robot-assisted compositional screening in the System Na2O-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 N2 - The system Na2OB2O3SiO2 (NBS) is the basis of many industrial glass applications and therefore one of the most studied systems at all. Glass formation is possible over a wide compositional range, but the system also contains ranges of pronounced phase separation and crystallization tendency. Even small addition of Al2O3can change this behavior essentially. As the Na2OAl2O3B2O3SiO2 (NABS) system is also known as the basis for glasses in strength-relevant applications, the behavior during the transition from the NBS system to the NABS system is of interest. Therefore, some small step melt series in these systems were studied using the robotic glass melting system at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM, Division Glasses). For these series the small step changes of glass transition temperature, crystallization behavior as well as glass density were studied. Additionally, experimental data were compared with their modeled counterparts. T2 - 98. Glastechnische Tagung CY - Goslar, Germany DA - 26.05.2025 KW - Sodium alumino boro silicate glasses KW - Glass transition temperature KW - Density KW - Robotic melting PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64076 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paskin, Alice A1 - Couasnon, Thaïs A1 - Blukis, Roberts A1 - Perez, Jeffrey Paulo H. A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Roddatis, Vladimir A1 - Syczewski, Marcin A1 - Benning, Liane G. T1 - Temperature-Induced Phase Transitions of Vivianite: In Situ Analysis of a Redox-Driven Crystallization N2 - We document a solid-state, temperature-dependent (25−700 °C), multistage redox transformation of crystalline ferrous iron phosphate, vivianite (Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O). Under anoxic conditions, vivianite breaks down at T > 250 °C into an anhydrous, amorphous intermediate Fe3(PO4)2 phase, yet the bulk shape and morphology of the starting vivianite crystals were retained. This amorphous intermediate phase remained stable until T > 500 °C, after which a redox-dependent crystallization into two different minerals was observed. Under anoxic conditions, the amorphous ferrous intermediate (Fe3(PO4)2) transformed into the crystalline ferrous phosphate (graftonite, (Fe2+)3(PO4)2), while under oxic conditions it crystallized into a ferric phosphate (rodolicoite, Fe3+PO4). Graftonite formation occurs via an exothermic molar enthalpy (ΔHcryst) of −16.7 ± 0.2 kJ mol−1. Rietveld refinements of the two crystalline endmembers (vivianite and graftonite) revealed a unit cell volume decrease of ∼3.1% during the transformation, which was observed by in situ electron microscopic observations as an overall shrinking of the initial vivianite crystals. Despite volume loss and bubble-like features, the original vivianite shape was preserved, indicating a solid-state pseudomorphic transformation. Ex situ XRD and TEM-EELS analyses confirmed the ferrous-to-ferric oxidation, forming rodolicoite, through changes in the Fe geometry and oxidation state. KW - Vivianite KW - Graftonite KW - Crystallization enthalpy KW - Ferrous phosphates PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-640782 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5c02399 SN - 0020-1669 VL - 46 IS - 36 SP - 18227 EP - 18236 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) AN - OPUS4-64078 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tielemann, Christopher A1 - Busch, R. A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Patzig, C. A1 - Höche, T. A1 - Avramov, I. A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Oriented surface nucleation in diopside glass N2 - Es wird die Texturbildung in kristallisierendem Diopsidglas im Zusammenhang mit der Oberflächenbeschaffenheit der unbehandelten Probe untersucht. Zudem wird der diskutiert, dass es sich bei der Texturbildung in Gläsern höchstwahrscheinlich um ein Nukleationsphänomen handelt welches auf die richtungsabhängige Grenzflächenenergie der kristallisierenden Phase zurückzuführen ist. N2 - Oriented surface crystallization on polished diopside glass surfaces has been studied with scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and laser scanning microscopy. An orientation preference of [001] parallel to the glass surface was detected for separately growing diopside crystals even as small as 700 nm in size. This finding shows that crystal orientation occurs in the outermost surface layer without crystal-crystal interaction and indicates that the crystal orientation is a result of oriented nucleation. Depending on surface preparation, monomodal crystal orientation distributions with [100] perpendicular to the surface or bimodal distributions with [100] and [010] perpendicular to the glass Surface were detected. It was also shown that the degree of crystal orientation increases with decreasing Surface roughness. The observed orientation of diopside crystals could be explained in terms of the interfacial energies of different crystal faces. KW - Surface energy KW - Glass ceramic KW - Glass KW - EBSD KW - Diopsid PY - 2021 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002230932100020X DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2021.120661 SN - 0022-3093 VL - 562 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-53073 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Rouxel, T. A1 - Behrens, H. A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Vacuum crack growth in alkali silicate glasses N2 - Crack growth velocity in alkali silicate glasses was measured in vacuum across 10 orders of magnitude with double cantilever beam technique. Measured and literature crack growth data were compared with calculated intrinsic fracture toughness data obtained from Young´s moduli and the theoretical fracture surface energy estimated from chemical bond energies. Data analysis reveals significant deviations from this intrinsic brittle fracture behavior. These deviations do not follow simple compositional trends. Two opposing processes may explain this finding: a decrease in the apparent fracture surface energy due to stress-induced chemical changes at the crack tip and its increase due to energy dissipation during fracture. KW - Silicate glass KW - Brittle fracture KW - Crack growth KW - Calculated intrinsic fracture toughness PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2021.121094 SN - 0022-3093 VL - 572 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-53144 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heuser, Lina T1 - Sintering of silver‑alkali zinc borate glass‑composites N2 - Since decades electric contacts based on silver metallization pastes are key components of photovoltaics and advanced microelectronics. For the metallization of commercial Si solar cells, high conductive silver glass pastes are cost effectively applicated by screen printing. Nevertheless, silver pastes are still one of the most crucial and expensive none Si materials in solar cells. Ever shorter time to market as well as increasing demands on reduced Ag consumption and line width require the targeted development of silver-glass-pastes with increased sinter ability and electrical conductivity. As a main difficulty, however, the liquid phase sintering of silver glass pastes is poorly understood so far. In the present study, the influence of different network modifier in alkali-zinc-borate paste glasses on liquid phase sintering of silver-glass-pastes was investigated. Low melting X2O-ZnO-B2O3 glasses with X = Na, Li and Rb (abbr. LZB, NZB, and RZB) were utilized to prepare silver-glass-composites containing 30 %Vol glass. Shrinkage behavior of the silver-glass-composites compared with that of pure silver and pure glass powder compacts was studied with heating microscopy. The powder compacts were uniaxially pressed and heated at 5 K/min to the glass softening temperature. Glass transformation temperature and viscosity of the glasses were respectively measured with dilatometry and rotational viscometry. The thermal behavior of the pure glasses was analyzed with thermal analysis. Additionally, the contact angle of glass on pure silver foil was determined by means of heating microscopy between room temperature and 830 °C. Thermal analysis of the alkali-zinc-borate-glasses under study has shown transformation temperatures between 450 °C (RZB), 460 °C (LZB) and 465 °C (NZB). For all glasses crystallization was found to start approximately at about 550 °C. However, different peak areas hint on a different degree of crystallization. Conformingly, the sintering behavior, measured in terms of area shrinkage, significantly differed for the silver-pastes under study. For silver-pastes with NZB or LZB-glass, sintering starts at 464 °C for NZB Ag pastes and at 451 °C for LZB Ag pastes and ends at 597 °C for NZB Ag paste and at 594 °C for LZB Ag paste. The sintering of the RZB Ag paste proceeds between 426 °C and 703 °C. The final densification was retarded possibly due to crystallization or swelling. The low sinter onset at 426 °C seems to correlate with the good wetting behavior of the RZB glass. Thus, the lowest apparent contact angle between the just densified powder compact sintered at a silver substrate was found for this glass. Moreover, microstructure analyses of the various composites indicate differences in silver dissolution and reprecipitation. T2 - Technology Crossover Extravaganza, HiTEC/CICMT/APEPS CY - Online meeting DA - 26.04.2021 KW - Silver-glass-metallization-paste KW - Sintering KW - Crystallization KW - Alkali ions KW - Sintering atmosphere PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52872 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Sintering and Foaming of Silicate Glass Powders N2 - The lecture focuses on the mechanisms of non-desired gas bubble formation and foaming during the sintering of glass powder compacts. It is shown that foaming is driven by carbon gases and that carbonates, encapsulated in micropores or mechaniacally dissolved beneath the glass surface, provide the major foaming source. T2 - Sandanski Workshop Sinter crystallization 27th-29th September 2021 PROJECT “THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF SINTER-CYSTALLIZATION” DN 19/7 CY - Online meeting DA - 27.10. 2021 KW - Sintering KW - Non-desired foaming PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-53772 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blaeß, Carsten T1 - 3D printing of crystallizing bioactive glasses N2 - Artificial bone replacement by individual customized three-dimensional resorbable bioactive glass has not yet been widely established in the clinical use. This is mainly due to the antagonism of sintering ability and suitable bioactivity. Competitive crystallization often prevents the generation of dense sintered bodies, especially for additive manufactured 3D structures. Previous studies of the fluoride-containing glass F3 have shown its potential to combine both sintering ability and suitable bioactivity. Furthermore, the occurring sintering blockade by surface crystallization of Na2CaSi2O6 was tunable by glass particle size. In this study the glasses F3, F3-Cu with 1 mol% CuO added at the expense of CaO and the well-known 13-93 were chosen to determine the influence of surface crystallization on 3D printed sinter bodies. For this purpose, grain size fractions in range of smaller 32 µm to 315 µm in fraction size of 6-20 µm were sieved from jaw crushed glass frit as well as glass cubes were cut from casted blocks for all glasses. Sintering behavior of both pressed and printed powder compacts was observed via heating microscopy. Crystallization was determined by DTA and crystallization progress was monitored on fractured sinter bodies and polished cubes via electron and laser scanning microscopy as well as with diffractometry. Depending on grain size the formation of crystalline support framework along former grain boundaries shows the capability to stabilize fully densified sinter bodies before softening. Beside of this, the generation of complex hierarchic porosity was possible as well. T2 - ICG Berlin 2022 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 03.07.2022 KW - Bioactive Glass KW - Crystallization KW - Sintering KW - 3D printing PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55253 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heuser, Lina T1 - Flüssigphasensinterung von Silber-Glas Dispersionen N2 - Silber-Glas Wechselwirkungen spielen eine wichtige Rolle zum Beispiel in Glas-haltigen Silberpasten, die in der Photovoltaik oder Mikroelektronik verwendet werden. Um ein besseres Verständnis der Vorgänge zu erhalten, werden niedrig-schmelzende, bleifreie X2O ZnO B2O3 Gläser (X = Li, Na, K und Rb, Abk.: LZB, NZB, KZB and RZB) zur Untersuchung der Pasten verwendet. Raman und Infrarot Spektroskopie zeigen, dass die Glasstruktur weitgehend vergleichbar ist, aber Unterschiede in der Bildung von Pentaboratgruppen in LZB und NZB oder Diboratgruppen in KZB und RZB auftreten. Die Anzahl an vierfach koordinierten Bor-Ionen (N4) sinkt mit zunehmendem Alkaliionenradius. Die Verringerung von N4 führt zu einer niedrigeren Glasübergangstemperatur in der Reihe LZB (472 °C) < NZB (465 °C) < KZB (460 °C) < RZB (449 °C). Zur Herstellung der Pasten wurde kommerzielles Silber-Pulver mit 30 Vol.-% Glas und Organik gemischt. Das Sinterverhalten der gepressten Pulver wurde mittels Erhitzungsmikrospie untersucht. Der Sinterbeginn der Pasten ist vergleichbar und korrespondiert mit den geringen Unterschieden der Viskosität bei vergleichbarer Partikelgröße der Gläser. In den Ag-KZB- und Ag-RZB-Pasten ist die Schwindung durch die stärker einsetzende Kristallisation im Vergleich zu LZB und NZB verzögert. T2 - AK Glasig-kristalline Multifunktionswerkstoffe CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 17.02.2022 KW - Sintern KW - Silber KW - Glas KW - Diffusion KW - Gefüge PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55735 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heuser, Lina T1 - Liquid phase sintering of alkali zinc borate glass-bearing silver pastes for applications in photovoltaics and microelectronics N2 - Liquid phase sintering of glass bearing silver pastes used in photovoltaics and microelectronics is poorly understood. In particular, the role of different network modifiers acting in the glass component and the question of the most suitable atmospheric oxygen level during sintering are still under considerable debate. To tackle these issues, low-melting and lead-free X2O-ZnO-B2O3 glasses with X = Li, Na, K and Rb (LZB, NZB, KZB and RZB) were prepared. Infrared spectroscopy showed that the glass structure was similar to each other, while an increase of tetrahedrally coordinated boron with increasing field strength of the alkali was evident. In turn, the glass transition temperature (from differential thermal analysis) increased in the order: RZB (449 °C) < KZB (460 °C) < NZB (465 °C) < LZB (472 °C). Powders of each glass were mixed with organics to receive silver-glass-pastes containing 30 vol% glass and these were subjected to heating microscopy in air. Although similar onset temperatures of sintering were recorded for Ag-NZB and Ag-LZB glass pastes, and for Ag-RZB paste and KZB-Ag-paste, respectively, differences in the crystallization behavior and final densification were observed between the former and the latter group. These were translated in terms of differences in silver dissolution and reprecipitation among the two groups. Further, running the experiments in nitrogen gas showed that sintering of all pastes was considerably hampered. The slow-down of the sinter kinetics was found to be in line with the assumed lower oxidation and dissolution of silver ions into the glass-forming liquid. T2 - 26th International Congress on Glass CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 03.07.2022 KW - Silver metallization paste KW - Sintering KW - Glass KW - Alkali zinc borate glasses KW - Viscosity KW - Structure PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55728 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heuser, Lina T1 - In situ observation of silver precipitation in sodium zinc borate glass-forming melts N2 - Melting of Na2CO3-ZnO-B2O3 batches containing up to 16.8 wt% AgNO3 (5 mol% Ag2O in the target glass composition) was observed in situ by means of hot stage microscopy. In all batches metallic silver precipitation took place as most of the silver nitrate was reduced to metallic silver before Ag+ ions could be dissolved in the evolving borate melts. In turn, only traces of Ag+ (<300 ppmw) were dissolved in the sodium zinc borate glass melts under study. It is assumed that the oxidation to Ag+ was limited due to poor availability of reducible oxygen in the glass melts and presence of Na2O being a stronger base than Ag2O. Thus, the precipitated metallic silver formed droplets of different sizes. The larger droplets (d > 20 µm) were already settled at the bottom of the container and remained constant in size upon dwelling for 1 h at 1050 °C of about one hour and the subsequent cooling (45 K/min) to room temperature, whereas the smaller droplets (d < 20 µm) were mobile in the borate melt due to Marangoni and Stokes motion. For the latter droplets, coalescence was observed in situ. A growth of larger droplets at the expense of smaller ones, i.e., Ostwald ripening was also expected but could not be studied with the used experimental equipment. T2 - 26th International Congress on Glass CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 03.07.2022 KW - Glass melt KW - Silver KW - Sodium zinc borate glass KW - Hot stage microscopy KW - Precipitation PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55732 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Reinsch, Stefan T1 - Surface-Initiated Microstructure Formation in Glass Ceramics N2 - Up to now, oriented surface crystallization phenomena are discussed controversially, and related studies are restricted to few glasses. For silicate glasses we found a good correlation between the calculated surface energy of crystal faces and oriented surface nucleation. Surface energies were estimated assuming that crystal surfaces resemble minimum energy crack paths along the given crystal plane. This concept was successfully applied by Rouxel in calculating fracture surface energies of glasses. Several oriented nucleation phenomena can be herby explained assuming that high energy crystal surfaces tend to be wetted by the melt. This would minimize the total interfacial energy of the nucleus. Furthermore, we will discuss the evolution of the microstructure and its effect on the preferred crystal orientation. T2 - 26th International Congress on Glass CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 03.07.2022 KW - Glass KW - Oriented surface crystallization KW - Surface energy KW - Bond energy KW - Nucleation mode PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56070 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tielemann, Christopher T1 - Oriented Surface Crystallization N2 - Up to now, oriented surface crystallization phenomena are discussed controversially, and related studies are restricted to few glasses. For silicate glasses we found a good correlation between the calculated surface energy of crystal faces and oriented surface nucleation. Surface energies were estimated assuming that crystal surfaces resemble minimum energy crack paths along the given crystal plane. This concept was successfully applied by Rouxel in calculating fracture surface energies of glasses. Several oriented nucleation phenomena can be herby explained assuming that high energy crystal surfaces tend to be wetted by the melt. This would minimize the total interfacial energy of the nucleus. Furthermore, we will discuss the evolution of the microstructure and its effect on the preferred crystal orientation. T2 - 26th International Congress on Glass CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 03.07.2022 KW - Glass KW - Surface energy KW - Crystal orientation PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56074 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - Vacuum crack growth in silicate glasses N2 - Although the slow crack growth in glass is dominated by stress-corrosion phenomena, it also should reflect the underlaying intrinsic fracture behavior controlled by glass chemistry and structure. To investigate such underlaying phenomena, crack growth velocity in alkali silicate glasses was measured in vacuum across 10 orders of magnitude with double cantilever beam technique. Measured and literature crack growth data were compared with calculated intrinsic fracture toughness data obtained from Young’s moduli and theoretical fracture surface energy. Data analysis reveals slight correlation with the packing density and significant deviations from the intrinsic brittle fracture behavior. These deviations do not follow simple compositional trends. Two opposing processes may explain this finding: a decrease in the apparent fracture surface energy due to stress-induced chemical changes at the crack tip and its increase due to energy dissipation during fracture. T2 - 26th International Congress on Glass CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 03.07.2022 KW - Oxide glass KW - Fracture toughness KW - Fracture surface PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56485 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Chen, Y.-F. A1 - Contreras Jaimes, A. T1 - Datengetriebener Workflow für die beschleunigte Entwicklung von Glas (GlasDigital) N2 - Das Projekt GlasDigital wurde im allgemeinen vorgestellt, sowie die einzelnen Zwischenstände der verschiedenen Arbeitspakete aller Projektpartner präsentiert. Die allgemeine Porjektvorstellung ist auf deutsch. Die Zwischenstände der Arbeitsinhalte sind auf englisch. T2 - PMD Vollversammlung CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 03.11.2022 KW - Oxidglas KW - Robotische Glasschmelzanlage KW - ML KW - Ontologie KW - Digitaler Zwilling KW - Bildanalyse PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56491 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kilo, M. T1 - Glass Screening for the systematic development of new glasses N2 - Die technischen Möglichkeiten der robotischen Glasschmelzanlage der BAM werden vorgestellt. T2 - 26th International Conference on Glass CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.07.2022 KW - Material Digital PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56280 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Waurischk, Tina T1 - Data-driven Workflow for Accelerated Glass Development (GlasDigital) N2 - As part of a joint project involving the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, the Clausthal University of Technology and the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), digital tools are to be created for the development of new types of glass materials. Current processes for the production of glasses with improved properties are usually very cost- and energy-intensive due to the low degree of automation and are subject to long development cycles. The use of robotic synthesis processes in combination with self-learning machines is intended to overcome these problems in the long term. The development of new types of glass can then not only be accelerated considerably, but also be achieved with much less effort. In this talk, data generation via a robotic high-throughput glass melting system is presented, which should be the experimental basis for the ontology developed within the project GlasDigital. T2 - Materials Science and Engineering Congress (MSE 2022) CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 27.09.2022 KW - Oxidglas KW - Robotische Glasschmelzanlage PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56489 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rosenbusch, Ivo A1 - Arai, Marylyn Setsuko A1 - Rizzo, Fabio A1 - de Camargo, Andrea S. S. A1 - Ravoo, Bart Jan T1 - A host–guest approach to ratiometric pH sensing using upconversion nanoparticles N2 - A new pH nanosensor based on β-NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ upconversion nanoparticles functionalized with cyclodextrin and a pH-sensitive adamantane-modified nitrobenzoxadiazole dye (NBD-Ad). KW - Host-guest materials KW - Upconversion nanoparticles KW - Ratiometric optical sensors KW - pH sensing PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-637722 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d5na00145e SN - 2516-0230 VL - 7 IS - 13 SP - 4142 EP - 4151 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) AN - OPUS4-63772 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi T1 - Optical and Spectroscopic Properties of Glasses N2 - Optical glasses have given us the eyes to unveil the microscopic and the macroscopic worlds through microscope and telescope lenses, they have revolutionized the way we communicate through fiber optics and portable device screens, as well as given us new perspectives for sustainable energy harvesting conversion and generation. To meet the demands of ever-growing markets, the compositional design of new glasses requires full characterization of thermal, mechanical, electric, and optical properties. Particularly, the characterization of optical properties is not only relevant for optical/luminescent applications but is also essential for the tailored design of some medical and dental materials such as restorative resins, implants and prothesis. In this seminar we will introduce the fundaments on the optical properties of materials, with particular focus on glasses, and the techniques to characterize them. T2 - 3rd Sao Carlos School on Glasses and Glass-Ceramics CY - Sao Carlos, Brazil DA - 10.03.2025 KW - Optical properties KW - Glasses PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63773 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - de Camargo, Andrea Simone Stucchi T1 - Structure and photophysics of RE ion doped gallium phosphofluoride glasses containing silver nanostructures: Effects of heat treatment and femtosecond direct laser writing. N2 - Gallium fluoride phosphate glasses are interesting hosts for emissive rare-earth (RE) dopants. Despite featuring low refractive index, they present high energy radiation resistance and a wide optical transmission range (350 to 1700 nm) enabling observation of important RE3+ emissions in the visible to near-infrared spectral range. In a previous, NMR-based structural study of the system xGa(PO3)3–(40-x)GaF3–20BaF2–20ZnF2–20SrF2 (x = 5 - 25 mol%), we verified that the network structure of these glasses is dominated by P-O-Ga linkages with no P-O-P linkages and that Ga is mainly six-coordinated in a mixed fluoride/phosphate environment. For Eu3+ doped samples, the photophysical properties strongly suggest changes in the ion´s ligand distribution toward a fluoride-dominated environment at low P/F, which translates into improved radiative emissions. To extend the studies to other RE doped glasses, and glasses containing Ag nanostructures (and their influence on RE emission), we selected the composition 25Ga(PO3)3 – 20ZnF2 – 30BaF2 - (25 – x - y)SrF2 – xAgNO3 - yNdF3, where x = 0, 1, 3, 5, 10 mol% and y = 0 or 1 mol%. The glasses were synthesized through the conventional melt-quenching technique and fully characterized from the thermal, structural, and microstructural viewpoints. By appropriate heat-treatment, the presence of both Ag nanoclusters (Ag-NCs, < 10 nm) and larger nanoparticles was confirmed by TEM in agreement with the observation of broad emission bands in the visible spectrum. Excited state lifetime measurements evidence the presence of non-radiative energy transfer processes between the Ag species to Nd3+ ions but there is no direct evidence of plasmon enhancement effects. In samples singly doped with silver, direct laser writing experiments using a femtosecond laser were also performed which induced localized growth of Ag-NCs associated to a variation in the refractive index. Preliminary results indicate the potential of the DLW technique for tailoring optical glass properties. T2 - 27th International Congress on Glass 2025 CY - Kolkata, India DA - 20.01.2025 KW - Gallium phosphofluoride glass KW - Structure-property correlation KW - Femtosecond direct laser writting KW - Neodymium PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63774 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heuser, Lina T1 - Composition-structure-property relationships of ternary borate glasses N2 - Since the pioneer work of Krogh-Moe [1] in the 1960’s the structure clarification of borate glasses is of interest for many generations. In the present contribution the composition–structure–property relationships of Me2O–ZnO–B2O3, Me = Li (LZB), Na (NZB), K (KZB), Rb (RZB), CaO–ZnO–B2O3 (CaZB), and Li2O–PbO–B2O3 (LPbB) glasses are investigated. Non-toxic, highly polarizable zinc oxide potentially substitutes harmful lead oxide in glasses for applications e.g., in photovoltaics and microelectronics. Glass structure was analyzed using Raman and infrared spectroscopy, and the glass properties were measured using dilatometry (Tg, viscosity data, coefficient of thermal expansion) and rotational viscometry (high-temperature viscosity) [2,3]. The spectroscopic results show that alkali and calcium ions largely balance out the negative charges of BO4-units, while zinc and lead ions mainly stabilize the non-bridging oxygen atoms (NBO). The type of network modifier ion directs formation of the BO4-containing groups and the number of BO4-units (N4). Thus, i.) BO4-containing pentaborate was assigned in LZB, NZB and CaZB glasses, and ii.) diborate in KZB and RZB glasses. Simultaneous presence of pentaborate and diborate was only detected in LPbB. The combination of modifier’s properties, i.e., lower Lewis’s basicity (Rb+ > Li+), higher field strength (Rb+ < Li+), lower polarizability (Rb+ > Li+), and steric effects with increasing size (Rb+ > Li+) [4], leads to slightly increasing N4 in the series RZB (0.36) ≈ KZB < NZB (0.37) < LZB ≈ CaZB (0.39). This increase in N4 results in an increase in the atomic packing density 0.519 (RZB) – 0.584 (LZB) and thus in the Young’s Modulus 38.1 GPa (RZB) – 92.5 GPa (LZB) and in the glass transition temperature (Tg) 444 °C (RZB) – 467 °C (LZB) in the alkali series. In reverse order the coefficient of thermal expansion decreases from 12·10-6 K-1 (RZB) – 8.54·10-6 K-1 (LZB) with increasing N4. Ca2+ in CaZB enhances the viscosity (Tg: 580 °C) compared to Li+ in isocompositional LZB due to higher coordination. On the other hand, Pb2+ in LPbB decreases the viscosity (Tg: 399 °C) compared to Zn2+ in LZB with similar molar fractions. T2 - 98th Glass-Technology Conference of the German Society of Glass Technology (DGG) CY - Goslar, Germany DA - 26.05.2025 KW - Borate glasses KW - Structure-property relationship PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-63771 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xie, Zhuocheng A1 - Atila, Achraf A1 - Guénolé, Julien A1 - Korte-Kerzel, Sandra A1 - Al-Samman, Talal A1 - Kerzel, Ulrich T1 - Predicting grain boundary segregation in magnesium alloys: An atomistically informed machine learning approach N2 - Grain boundary (GB) segregation substantially influences the mechanical properties and performance of magnesium (Mg). Atomic-scale modeling, typically using ab-initio or semi-empirical approaches, has mainly focused on GB segregation at highly symmetric GBs in Mg alloys, often failing to capture the diversity of local atomic environments and segregation energies, resulting in inaccurate structure-property predictions. This study employs atomistic simulations and machine learning models to systematically investigate the segregation behavior of common solute elements in polycrystalline Mg at both 0 K and finite temperatures. The machine learning models accurately predict segregation thermodynamics by incorporating energetic and structural descriptors. We found that segregation energy and vibrational free energy follow skew-normal distributions, with hydrostatic stress, an indicator of excess free volume, emerging as an important factor influencing segregation tendency. The local atomic environment’s flexibility, quantified by flexibility volume, is also crucial in predicting GB segregation. Comparing the grain boundary solute concentrations calculated via the Langmuir-McLean isotherm with experimental data, we identified a pronounced segregation tendency for Nd, highlighting its potential for GB engineering in Mg alloys. This work demonstrates the powerful synergy of atomistic simulations and machine learning, paving the way for designing advanced lightweight Mg alloys with tailored properties. KW - Machine learning KW - Grain boundary segregation KW - Magnesium alloys KW - Atomistic simulation PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-638499 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2025.03.021 SN - 2213-9567 VL - 13 IS - 6 SP - 2636 EP - 2650 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-63849 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heuser, Lina T1 - An overview of structural, physical and thermal properties of low melting zinc and lead borate glasses N2 - Low melting zinc borate glasses awake interest to replace lead borate glasses in the silver metallization pastes for solar cells or microelectronics. In the current study, characteristic properties of alkali zinc borate glasses (X2O-ZnO-B2O3, X = Li, Na, K, Rb) were compared to an earth alkali zinc borate glass (CaO-ZnO-B2O3). Additionally, zinc oxide is partially substituted by lead oxide or cooper oxide in the borate glasses (Li2O-PbO-B2O3, Na2O ZnO CuO-B2O3). The alkali zinc borate glasses indicate less differences in Raman spectra, and thus in structural properties, in comparison to the Ca and Pb ions influence. LPbB (Tg = 401 °C) has a lower viscosity than LZB (Tg = 468 °C) and CaZB has the highest glass transition temperature (Tg = 580 °C). The Angell plot for the alkali zinc borate glasses shows a high fragility m = 80. Besides Tg, the density measured by means of the Archimedean principle, molar volume, and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the glasses were investigated. Trends could be found according to alkali ions or intermediate oxides. The density increases with decreasing alkali ion size from KZB (2.632 g/cm3) to LZB (2.829 g/cm3) and increases from LZB to LPbB (3.764 g/cm3). CTE ranges between 7.09 10-6 K-1 for CaZB and 11.5 10 6 K 1 for KZB and RZB. The differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X ray diffraction (XRD) indicate crystallization of various crystalline phases during heating with 5 K/min in most cases. T2 - 94. Glastechnische Tagung CY - Online meeting DA - 10.05.2021 KW - Borate glasses KW - Glass structure KW - Viscosity KW - Young´s Modulus KW - Alkali ions PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52867 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaeß, Carsten A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Viscous crack healing in soda–lime–magnesium–silicate–ZrO2 glass matrix composites N2 - AbstractThe present study investigates the influence of the crystal volume content on viscous crack healing in glass ceramic glass sealants. To ensure constant microstructure during healing, soda–lime–magnesium silicate glass matrix composites with varied volume fractions of ZrO2 filler particles were used. Crack healing was studied on radial cracks induced by Vickers indentation, which were stepwise annealed to monitor the healing progress by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Confirming previous studies, healing of radial cracks in pure glass was found delayed by global flow phenomena like crack widening and crack edge and tip rounding to minimize the sample surface. With increasing ZrO2 filler content, these global flow phenomena were progressively inhibited whereas local flow phenomena like sharp crack tip healing could still occur. As a result, crack healing was even accelerated by filler particles up to a maximum filler content of 17 vol% whereas crack healing was fully suppressed only at 33 vol% filler content. KW - Crack healing KW - Glass matrix composite KW - Solid oxide fuell cell KW - Vickers identation KW - Viscosity PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-607860 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.20002 SN - 0002-7820 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-60786 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gogula, Shravya A1 - Bornhöft, H. A1 - Wondraczek, L. A1 - Sierka, M. A1 - Diegeler, A. A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Deubener, J. T1 - Optical Real-Time Castability Evaluation for High-Throughput Glass Melting N2 - A novel optical real-time method for evaluating the castability of glass forming melts for laboratory furnaces is presented. The method is based on the analysis of top view images of the melt surface inside the crucible during melting after being subjected to a small mechanical impulse. In this way, the melt surface is excited to oscillate. The difference in contrast between two images taken in quick succession scales with the viscosity, with a larger diffe­rence occurring at lower viscosities. The method is designed as an instrument for the in-line evaluation of the castability for a high-throughput glass melting system as part of the joint project “GlasDigital” in the framework of the German Platform Material Digital initiative but is applicable to other laboratory furnaces as well. KW - Optical Real-Time Castability Check KW - Image Analysis PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-618659 DO - https://doi.org/10.52825/glass-europe.v2i.1359 VL - 2 SP - 83 EP - 93 AN - OPUS4-61865 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaeß, Carsten A1 - Boccaccini, A. R. A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Sintering and Crystallization of Fluoride-Containing Bioactive Glass F3 N2 - The fluoride-containing bioactive glass F3 with nominal composition (mol%) 44.8 SiO2 - 2.5 P2O3 - 36.5 CaO - 6.6 Na2O - 6.6 K2O - 3.0 CaF2 is a highly promising candidate for bone replacement applications. Its strong crystallization tendency, however, requires a thorough understanding of the interplay between glass powder particle size, surface crystallization, and sintering. Therefore, this study characterizes the sintering and crystallization of bulk specimens and various particle size fractions by differential thermal-analysis, laser scanning, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Infrared spectroscopy. Particle size fractions < 56 µm were found to fully densify, while crystals growing from the glass particle surface retard sintering of coarser fractions. Small amounts of a non-stoichiometrically calcium phosphosilicate (Ca14.92(PO4)2.35(SiO4)5.65) occurs as the primary crystal phase followed by combeite (Na4Ca4[Si6O18]) as a temporarily dominating phase. The surface crystallization of both pha­ses was found to be mainly responsible for sinter retardation. During later stages of crystallization, additional phases such as cuspidine (Ca4F2Si2O7) and silicorhenanite (Na2Ca4(PO4)2SiO4) occur, but finally monoclinic wollastonite (CaSiO3) forms as the dominant phase. KW - Bioactive Glass KW - Sintering KW - Crystallization PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-632482 DO - https://doi.org/10.52825/glass-europe.v3i.2564 SN - 2940-8830 VL - 3 SP - 105 EP - 124 AN - OPUS4-63248 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Internal friction and energy dissipation during fracture in silicate glasses N2 - To obtain a deeper insight into the nature of energy dissipation during fracture, the internal friction of 13 borosilicate, aluminosilicate, soda-lime, and lead-containing glasses, for which inert crack growth data are known, was measured using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. For asymmetrically bent glass beams, the loss tangent, tan δ, was determined between 0.2 and 50 Hz at temperatures between 273 K and the glass transition temperature, Tg. It was found that the area under the tan δ vs T·Tg−1 curve correlates with the crack growth exponent, n, in the empirical v = v0·KIn relation between crack growth velocity, v, and stress intensity, KI, which indicates that n correlates with the degree of energy dissipation of sub-Tg relaxation phenomena. KW - Glass KW - Internal friction KW - Crack growth PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-631582 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255432 SN - 0021-9606 VL - 162 IS - 19 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - AIP Publishing AN - OPUS4-63158 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pan, Z. A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Duval, A. A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Krishnan, N. M. A. A1 - Wondraczek, K. A1 - Wondraczek, L. T1 - Precise Real‐Time Measurement of Liquid Viscosity Using Digital Video Data N2 - Quantitative knowledge of liquid viscosity is of fundamental importance in many areas of materials synthesis and processing. However, the determination of viscosity often relies on specialized experimental equipment, offline experimentation, or invasive procedures, in particular when required in extreme conditions such as at high temperature, high pressure, and in confined or corrosive environments. Here, this study proposes and validates a fast and simple method that mimics the intuitive perception of liquid flow within a quantitative framework. For this, this study employs digital video observation to derive quantitative values of the shear viscosity of liquids, with high precision and rapid acquisition rates. The technique involves capturing liquid dynamics after minor mechanical stimulation. Processed imaging data are indexed by similarity and referenced to a digital database generated with a finite element model, from which values of viscosity are obtained in line. The approach is tested on water at room temperature and on a high‐temperature glass melt. Covering a viscosity range of four orders of magnitude, both yield convincing agreement with tabulated reference data at low computational cost. KW - Image analyses KW - Liquids KW - Materials discovery KW - Similarity analyses KW - Viscosities PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-634606 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202500297 SN - 2640-4567 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-63460 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Kiefer, P. A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Balzer, R. A1 - Behrens, H. T1 - Crack Growth in Hydrous Soda-Lime Silicate Glass N2 - Stable crack growth was measured for nominal dry and water-bearing (6 wt%) soda-lime silicate glasses in double cantilever beam geometry and combined with DMA studies on the effects of dissolved water on internal friction and glass transition, respectively. In vacuum, a decreased slope of logarithmic crack growth velocity versus stress intensity factor is evident for the hydrous glass in line with an increase of b-relaxation intensity indicating more energy Dissipation during fracture. Further, inert crack growth in hydrous glass is found to be divided into sections of different slope, which indicates different water related crack propagation mechanism. In ambient air, a largely extended region II is observed for the hydrous glass, which indicates that crack growth is more sensitive to ambient water. KW - Internal friction KW - Soda-lime silicate glass KW - Water content KW - Stable crack growth KW - DCB geometry KW - Stress intensity factor PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-506829 DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00066 VL - 7 SP - Articel 66 AN - OPUS4-50682 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kiefer, P. A1 - Maiwald, M. A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Balzer, R. A1 - Behrens, H. A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Automated Analysis of Slow Crack Growth in Hydrous Soda-Lime Silicate Glasses N2 - To explore the impact of ambient and structural water on static fatigue, the initiation and growth of 3279 Vickers induced median radial cracks were automatically recorded and analyzed. We find that humidity is more efficient in initiating cracks and promoting their growth than water, which is dissolved in the glass structure. In particular for slow crack growth (< 3x10-6 m s-1), tests in dry nitrogen showed a considerable decrease in the crack growth exponent with increasing water content of the glasses. On the other hand, if tests were performed in humid air, the crack growth exponent was independent of the water content of the hydrous glasses, while stress intensity decreased slightly. These observations indicate that water promotes the processes at the crack-tip regardless of its origin. However, ambient water is more efficient. KW - Indentation fracture toughness KW - Slow crack growth KW - Automated analysis KW - Hydrous glass KW - Vickers indentation PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-513085 DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00268 VL - 7 SP - 268 AN - OPUS4-51308 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Welter, T. A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Marzok, Ulrich A1 - Reinsch, Stefan T1 - Hydrogen Permeation Through Glass N2 - Physical storage of gaseous hydrogen under high-pressure in glassy micro-containers such as spheres and capillaries is a promising concept for enhancing safety and the volumetric capacity of mobile hydrogen storage systems. As very low permeation through the container wall is required for storage of compressed hydrogen, development of glasses of minimal hydrogen permeability is needed. For this purpose, one has to understand better the dependence of hydrogen permeability on glass structure. The paper points out that minimizing the accessible free volume is as one strategy to minimize hydrogen permeability. Based on previously measured and comprehensive literature data, it is shown that permeation is independently controlled by ionic porosity and network modifier content. Thus, ionic porosity in modified and fully polymerized networks can be decreased equally to the lowest hydrogen permeability among the glasses under study. Applying this concept, a drop of up to 30,000 with respect to the permeation of hydrogen molecules through silica glass is attainable. KW - Ionic porosity KW - hydrogen storage KW - Glass KW - Permeability KW - Solubility KW - Diffusivity PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-513927 DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2019.00342 VL - 6 SP - Article 342 AN - OPUS4-51392 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heuser, Lina A1 - Nofz, Marianne A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Alkali and alkaline earth zinc and lead borate glasses: Sintering and crystallization N2 - Glasses in the systems Me2O-ZnO-B2O3 with Me = Li, Na, K, Rb (MeZB), Na2O-ZnO-CuO-B2O3 (NZCuB), CaO-ZnO-B2O3 (CaZB), and Li2O-PbO-B2O3 (LPbB) as a reference, were studied by differential thermal analysis, dilatometry, rotational viscometry, and heating microscopy. A decrease of viscosity and sintering range was found with decreasing number of fourfold coordinated boron. The viscosity of the alkali zinc borate glasses varies only slightly. LPbB and CaZB stand out by their reduced and increased viscosities, respectively. Sodium, potassium, and calcium zinc borate glasses possess a fragility above 76. All glasses were sintered to full density before crystallization. Mostly binary zinc borate phases govern crystallization. A ternary crystalline phase was detected only in the potassium containing sample. The Weinberg glass stability parameter ranges between 0.07 and 0.12. This is caused by the presence of several crystalline phases and varying melting points of even the same crystalline phase in different glass matrices. KW - Alkali zinc borate glasses KW - Lead borate glasses KW - Viscosity KW - Sintering KW - Crystallization KW - Fragility PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556128 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nocx.2022.100116 SN - 2590-1591 VL - 15 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-55612 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaeß, Carsten A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Sintering and foaming of bioactive glasses N2 - Sintering, crystallization, and foaming of 44.8SiO2–2.5P2O3–36.5CaO–6.6Na2O–6.6K2O–3.0CaF2 (F3) and 54.6SiO2–1.7P2O3–22.1CaO–6.0Na2O–7.9K2O–7.7MgO (13–93) bioactive glass powders milled in isopropanol and CO2 were studied via heating microscopy, differential thermal analysis, vacuum hot extraction (VHE), Infrared spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Full densification was reached in any case and followed by significant foaming. VHE studies show that foaming is driven by carbon gases and carbonates were detected by Infrared spectroscopy to provide the major foaming source. Carbonates could be detected even after heating to 750◦C, which hints on a thermally very stable species or mechanical trapping. Otherwise, dark gray compact colors for milling in isopropanol indicate the presence of residual carbon as well. Its significant contribution to foaming, however, could not be proved and might be limited by the diffusivity of oxygen needed for carbon oxidation to carbon gas. KW - Bioactive Glass KW - Crystallization KW - Foaming KW - Sintering PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-552454 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.18626 SN - 0002-7820 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Wiley online library AN - OPUS4-55245 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Deubener, J. A1 - Behrens, H. A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - An overview on the effect of dissolved water on the viscosity of soda lime silicate melts N2 - In this review article, the impact of dissolved water on the viscous properties of soda lime silicate melts is addressed against the background of the upcoming switch from natural gas to hydrogen combustion. This change will lead to an increase in the total water content of the glasses by up to 0.4 mol%. In order to better define possible influences of water speciation, water-rich glasses were synthesised under increasing pressure up to the kbar range. It is shown that a distinction must be made between the influence of dissolved OH-groups and H2Omolecules in order to accurately reflect the dependence of isokom temperatures on water content. In addition, an increase of one order of magnitude in the tolerance to higher deformation rates was observed for the range of expected increased water contents during isothermal deformation processes, which is based on the timetemperature superposition principle, i.e. congruent flow curves were determined under isokomal conditions. KW - Water in glass KW - Viscosity KW - Soda lime silicate glass KW - Shear thinning KW - Nydrogen melting PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-587276 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nocx.2023.100195 VL - 19 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-58727 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gomes Fernandes, Roger A1 - Al-Mukadam, Raschid A1 - Bornhöft, Hansjörg A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Selle, Susanne A1 - Deubener, Joachim T1 - Viscous Sintering of Acid Leached Glass Powders N2 - The process of viscous flow sintering is a phenomenon that is closely linked to the surface properties of the glass particles. In this work, we studied the extreme case of acid-leaching of soda-lime-silicate glass beads of two different particle size distributions and its effects on non-isothermal viscous sintering of powder compacts. Depth profiling of the chemical composition after leaching revealed a near-surface layer depleted in alkali and alkaline earth ions, associated with concurrent hydration as mass loss was detected by thermogravimetry. Heating microscopy showed that acid treatment of glasses shifted the sinter curves to higher temperatures with increasing leaching time. Modelling of the shrinkage with the cluster model predicted a higher viscosity of the altered surface layer, while analysis of the time scales of mass transport of mobile species (Na+, Ca2+ and H2O) during isochronous sintering revealed that diffusion of Na+ can compensate for concentration gradients before sintering begins. Also, exchanged water species can diffuse out of the altered layer, but the depletion of Ca2+ in the altered surface layer persists during the sinter interval, resulting in a glass with higher viscosity, which causes sintering to slow down. KW - Glass powder KW - Viscous sintering KW - Acid-leaching KW - Sinter retardation PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-589008 DO - https://doi.org/10.52825/glass-europe.v1i.681 VL - 1 SP - 37 EP - 53 AN - OPUS4-58900 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaeß, Carsten A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Viscous healing of Vickers indentation–induced cracks in glass N2 - AbstractViscous healing of cracks induced by the Vickers indentation in a soda lime magnesium silicate, a soda borosilicate, and a soda aluminosilicate glass (NAS) was studied by laser scanning microscopy. Plots of the crack length, width, and depth normalized to the initial crack length versus time over viscosity merge into single master curves of each of these quantities for each glass. Despite glass properties do not differ strikingly from each other, however, these master curves strongly differ among the glasses. This finding was attributed to a different interplay of various crack healing phenomena. Lateral cracks were found to be responsible for the bulging of the sample surface around the Vickers imprint, which in turn promotes radial crack widening as the main cause of healing delay. The most rapid healing of lateral cracks was observed in NAS in which bulging and crack widening were least pronounced. KW - Crack healing KW - Glass KW - Vickers indentation PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-587295 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.19245 SN - 0002-7820 VL - 106 IS - 10 SP - 5795 EP - 5805 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-58729 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Welter, T. A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Deubener, J. T1 - Hydrogen Permeability of Tectosilicate Glasses for Tank Barrier Liners N2 - The permeation of hydrogen gas was studied in meta-aluminous (tectosilicate) glass powders of Li2O×Al2O3×SiO2 (LAS), Na2O×Al2O3×SiO2 (NAS) and MgO×Al2O3×SiO2 (MAS) systems by pressure loading and vacuum extraction in the temperatures range 210–310 °C. With this method, both the solubility S and the diffusivity D were determined, while the permeability was given by the product SD. For all glasses, S was found to decrease with temperature, while D increased. Since the activation energy of diffusion of H2 molecules exceeded that of dissolution, permeation increased slightly with temperature. When extrapolated to standard conditions (25 °C), the permeability of tectosilicate glasses was found to be only 10-22–10-24 mol H2 (m s Pa)-1, which is 8–10 magnitudes lower than most polymers. Thin glass liners of these compositions are expected to be the most effective barrier for tanks of pressurised hydrogen. KW - Hydrogen permeation KW - Aluminosilicate glasses KW - Hydrogen storage tank KW - Glass liner PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-587284 DO - https://doi.org/10.52825/glass-europe.v1i.425 VL - 1 SP - 1 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-58728 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheffler, Franziska A1 - Fleck, Mirjam A1 - Busch, Richard A1 - Casado, Santiago A1 - Gnecco, Enrico A1 - Tielemann, Christopher A1 - Brauer, Delia S. A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Surface Crystallization of Barium Fresnoite Glass: Annealing Atmosphere, Crystal Morphology and Orientation N2 - Controlled oriented crystallization of glass surfaces is desired for high precision applications, since the uppermost crystal layer significantly influences the properties of the material. In contrast to previous studies, the data presented here deal with separated crystals growing at defect-free surfaces in four atmospheres with different degrees of humidity (ambient/dry air, argon and vacuum). A glass with the composition 2 BaO–TiO2–2.75 SiO2 was heat-treated at 825 °C until fresnoite (Ba2TiSi2O8) grew to a significant size. The crystal growth rate is found to increase with increasing humidity. The morphology of the crystals changes from highly distorted dendrites in the driest atmosphere (vacuum) to circular/spear-head-shaped crystals in the wettest atmosphere (ambient air), which we attribute to a decrease in viscosity of the glass surface due to water uptake. The least distorted crystals appear in the form of depressions of up to 6 µm. This has an influence on the observed crystal orientation, as measured by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The pulled-in crystals change the orientation during growth relative to the flat glass surface due to an enrichment in SiO2 at the crystal fronts. This confirms that the orientation of crystals is not fixed following nucleation. KW - Fresnoite KW - Surface crystallization KW - Crystal growth KW - Crystal morphology KW - Crystal orientation KW - EBSD PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-587230 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13030475 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - MDPI AG CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-58723 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Behrens, Harald A1 - Ageo-Blanco, Boris A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Wirth, Thomas T1 - Foaming Species and Trapping Mechanisms in Barium Silicate Glass Sealants N2 - Barium silicate glass powders 4 h milled in CO2 and Ar and sintered in air are studied with microscopy, total carbon analysis, differential thermal Analysis (DTA), vacuum hot extraction mass spectroscopy (VHE-MS), Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Intensive foaming of powder compacts is evident, and VHE studies prove that foaming is predominantly caused by carbonaceous species for both milling gases. DTA Shows that the decomposition of BaCO3 particles mix-milled with glass powders occurs at similar temperatures as foaming of compacts. However, no carbonate at the glass surface could be detected by FTIR spectroscopy, XPS, and TOF-SIMS after heating to the temperature of sintering. Instead, CO2 molecules unable to rotate identified by FTIR spectroscopy after milling, probably trapped by mechanical dissolution into the glass bulk. Such a mechanism or microencapsulation in cracks and particle aggregates can explain the contribution of Ar to foaming after intense milling in Ar atmosphere. The amount of CO2 molecules and Ar, however, cannot fully explain the extent of foaming. Carbonates mechanically dissolved beneath the surface or encapsulated in cracks and micropores of particle aggregates are therefore probably the major foaming source. KW - Milling KW - Foaming KW - Glass powder KW - Sintering PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-531227 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202100445 SN - 1438-1656 VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 2100445-1 EP - 2100445-13 AN - OPUS4-53122 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heuser, Lina A1 - Nofz, Marianne A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Deubener, J. T1 - Silver dissolution and precipitation in an Na2O–ZnO–B2O3 metallization paste glass N2 - Thermally stimulated interactions between silver and glass, that is, silver dissolution as Ag+ and precipitation as Ag0 were studied in two glass series of molar target composition xAg2O–(19 − x)Na2O–28ZnO–53B2O3 with x = 0, 0.1, 0.5, 5 and (19Na2O–28ZnO–53B2O3)+yAg2O with y = 0.01, 0.05. These act as model for low-melting borate glasses being part of metallization pastes. The occurrence of metallic silver precipitates in melt-quenched glass ingots demonstrated that silver dissolved only in traces (< 0.01 mol%) in the glasses. The dissolved silver was detected by means of Raman spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Increasing x in the batch could not lead to a significant increase of the silver ion fraction in the glass as possible in binary silver borate glasses. In situ observation of heated AgNO3 mixed with the base glass frit in a hot stage microscope showed that Ag0 precipitation occurs already at the solid state. At higher temperatures, small droplets of liquid silver were found to move freely within the melt, whereas coalescence caused a stepwise increase of their size. These results contribute to the understanding of formation of silver precipitates in metallization pastes described in the literature. KW - Silver metallization paste KW - Batch reactions KW - Borate KW - Glass forming melts KW - Glass manufacturing KW - Raman spectroscopy PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-559433 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.16613 SN - 2041-1286 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Wiley Online Library AN - OPUS4-55943 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heuser, Lina T1 - Silver - alkali borate glass pastes N2 - Network modifier ions can decisively influence properties and structure of low melting alkali-zinc-borate glasses and thus cause complex effects on the liquid phase sintering of silver-glass metallization pastes. This effect was studied for X2O-ZnO-B2O3 (X = Li, Na, Rb) glasses for silver-glass metallization pastes. Viscosity and the glass transition temperature, Tg, were measured with rotational viscometry and dilatometry. Dried model pastes with 30 vol% LZB, NZB or RZB glass were prepared for sintering studies by means of heating microscopy measuring the silhouette area shrinkage of uniaxially pressed powder compacts during heating at 5 K/min. For comparison, the silhouette area shrinkage of pure glass and silver powder compacts were determined. Glass-silver wetting was investigated during heating of bulk glass cylinders placed on silver substrates. Glass RZB turned out to have the lowest viscosity among the glasses under study. Its glass transformation temperature, Tg, was found at 444 °C and it caused the lowest sintering onset for its glass and paste powder compacts. Slightly increased values of Tg were found for NZB and LZB (468 °C and 466 °C, respectively) and a slightly retarded sintering was found for both paste powder compacts. These results indicate that liquid phase sintering of silver-glass pastes under air atmosphere is mainly influenced by glass viscosity. T2 - GLASS MEETING 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 07.12.2020 KW - Silver-glass metallization paste KW - Sintering KW - Alkali ions KW - Viscosity KW - Silver precipitates PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-52871 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - GlasDigital: Data-driven workflow for accelerated glass development N2 - lasses stand out by their wide and continuously tunable chemical composition and large variety of unique shaping techniques making them a key component of modern high technologies. Glass development, however, is still often too cost-, time- and energy-intensive. The use of robotic melting systems embedded in an ontology-based digital environment is intended to overcome these problems in future. As part of the German research initiative MaterialDigital, the joint project GlasDigital takes first steps in this direction. The project consortium involves the Fraunhofer ISC in Würzburg, the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (OSIM), the Clausthal University of Technology (INW), and the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM, Division Glasses) and aims to combine all main basic components required for accelerated data driven glass development. For this purpose, a robotic high throughput glass melting system is equipped with novel inline sensors for process monitoring, machine learning (ML)-based, adaptive algorithms for process monitoring and optimization, novel tools for high throughput glass analysis and ML-based algorithms for glass design, including software tools for data mining as well as property and process modelling. The talk gives an overview how all these tools are interconnected and illustrates their usability with some examples. T2 - HVG-DGG Fachausschuss I CY - Jena, Germany DA - 03.11.2023 KW - Glass KW - Robotic melting KW - Ontologie KW - Simulation KW - Workflow KW - Data Space PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60383 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Ya‐Fan A1 - Arendt, Felix A1 - Bornhöft, Hansjörg A1 - de Camargo, Andréa S. S. A1 - Deubener, Joachim A1 - Diegeler, Andreas A1 - Gogula, Shravya A1 - Contreras Jaimes, Altair T. A1 - Kempf, Sebastian A1 - Kilo, Martin A1 - Limbach, René A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Niebergall, Rick A1 - Pan, Zhiwen A1 - Puppe, Frank A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Schottner, Gerhard A1 - Stier, Simon A1 - Waurischk, Tina A1 - Wondraczek, Lothar A1 - Sierka, Marek T1 - Ontology‐Based Digital Infrastructure for Data‐Driven Glass Development N2 - The development of new glasses is often hampered by inefficient trial‐and‐error approaches. The traditional glass manufacturing process is not only time‐consuming, but also difficult to reproduce with inevitable variations in process parameters. These challenges are addressed by implementing an ontology‐based digital infrastructure coupled with a robotic melting system. This system facilitates high‐throughput glass synthesis and ensures the collection of consistent process data. In addition, the digital infrastructure includes machine learning models for predicting glass properties and a tool for extracting patent information. Current glass databases have significant gaps in the relationships between compositions, process parameters, and properties due to inconsistent studies and nonconforming units. In addition, process parameters are often omitted, and even original literature references provide limited information. By continuously expanding the database with consistent, high‐quality data, it is aimed to fill these gaps and accelerate the glass development process. KW - Digitalisation KW - Data-driven glass development KW - Ontology PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-625844 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202401560 SN - 1527-2648 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Wiley VHC-Verlag AN - OPUS4-62584 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -