TY - CONF A1 - Eisenbart, Miriam T1 - Digitalization of a high-throughput alloy development process N2 - Digitalization is nowadays the central key in developing pharmaceutical products, but it also becomes increasingly important in computer aided material development. In this work it is presented how a collaborative ontology development for the alloy development process is approached and a workflow for chemical optimization of copper alloys is introduced. This is done by employing a combination of a high-throughput alloy development method [1] with the calculation of the corresponding phase compositions. The work presented here is part of the publicly funded project KupferDigital. The project is associated with the innovation platform MaterialDigital (PMD) and focusses on the digitalization of processes as well as knowledge representation along the life-cycle of copper and copper alloys. One part of this life cycle is the alloy development of copper alloys, in this case the alloy development employing a high throughput method based on diffusion couples. The alloy development process can be further broken down into several typical material processing steps such as casting, diffusion welding and annealing. As part of the copper life cycle, the constitution and the properties of an alloy play an important role for processes further down the road during product manufacturing and service life and are also crucial for the recycling properties of the alloy. It is therefore important to, on the one hand, communicate data concerning properties, process history and constitution to the following stations of the life cycle, on the other hand, it is also elementary for the material scientist to be aware of the recycling properties of the alloys constituents. This motivates sharing of data along the life cycle and the development of ontology based data spaces, where life-cycle information can be linked across all involved domains. As part of the alloy development process, it is presented how experimental data created at fem are shared using linked data and ontologies with an example based on the digital representation of the chemical composition of copper alloys further processed by CALculation of PHAse Diagrams (CALPHAD) at the Fraunhofer IWM. The calculation results are used to correlate measured hardness data with the equilibrium phases of the alloys. Selected Compositions are cast and heat treated and subjected to mechanical testing at BAM and the resulting mechanical property-data are again linked to the measured and simulated data from the alloy development process. T2 - MSE2024 CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 24.09.2024 KW - Digitalization KW - Alloy development PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61150 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Suárez Ocano, Patricia T1 - Effect of heat treatment on the hierarchical microstructure and properties of 316L stainless steel produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M). N2 - Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) of AISI 316L stainless steel has gained popularity due to its exceptional capacity to produce complex geometries and hierarchical microstructures, which can increase the yield strength while maintaining good ductility. Nevertheless, owing to high thermal gradients encountered during the process, the as printed 316L stainless steel often exhibit microstructural heterogeneities and residual stresses, which can limit its performance in demanding environments. Hence, employing heat treatments which balance the reduction of residual stresses while retaining improved static strength may be beneficial in various scenarios and applications. This study investigates the impact of post-processing heat treatments on the microstructure of 316L stainless steel manufactured via PBF-LB/M, along with its correlation with micro-hardness properties. To this end, 6 different heat treatments, i.e., 450 °C for 4h, 700 °C for 1h, 700 °C for 3h, 800 °C for 1h, 800 °C for 3h, and 900 °C for 1h, were applied to different specimens and Vickers hardness measurements (HV1) were performed in all states. At 800 °C, although the cellular structure appears to be retained, there is an observable increase in cellular size. However, while treatments exceeding 900 °C indicate no significant grain growth compared to other conditions, the cellular structure is entirely dissolved, which leads to a reduced Vickers hardness. The effect of the heat treatments on other microstructural features such as grain size and morphology, melt pool boundaries (MPB), crystallographic texture, chemical segregation, dispersoids and phase stability are also discussed in the present work T2 - 4th Symposium on Materials and Additive Manufacturing CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.06.2024 KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Heat treatment KW - Microstructure PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60304 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Prabhakara, Prathik T1 - Ein synergistischer Ansatz zur Charakterisierung anisotroper Materialien mit Hilfe von Ultraschall und Mikrostrukturanalyse N2 - Es wird eine Studie zur Charakterisierung eines anisotropen Stahls vorgestellt, bei der Ultraschalluntersuchungen mit Mikrostrukturanalysen verbunden werden. Das Material weist hohe Festigkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit auf, zugleich ist mit anisotropen Eigenschaften die mechanischen und betrieblichen Eigenschaften beeinflussen zu rechnen. Vorläufige Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass weitere Untersuchungen notwendig sind, um die Fähigkeiten und Grenzen des Materials genau zu bestimmen. Es wird ein systematischer Ansatz mit Array- Prüfköpfen, Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Technik und mikrostrukturellen Untersuchungen angewendet, um die Wechselwirkung zwischen Anisotropie und Mikrostruktur des Stahls zu analysieren. Ultraschallprüfungen mit der TOFD-Technik und in Tauchtechnik liefern Einblicke in das anisotrope Verhalten des Werkstoffes, einschließlich entsprechenden Kornorientierung, Dämpfung und Schallgeschwindigkeitsvariation. Diese Messungen führen in Verbindung mit mikrostrukturellen Analysen zu einem tieferen Verständnis des Materialverhaltens. Unser Hauptziel ist es, ein Framework zu erstellen, welches die Ultraschallantwort anisotroper Materialien mit ihren mikroskopischen Struktureigenschaften verbindet. Die vorgestellte Methodik ermöglicht eine zerstörungsfreie und zügige Bewertung der Materialintegrität, was besonders bei der Anwendung von Hochleistungsmaterialien relevant ist. Durch diesen integrativen Ansatz werden verschiedener Charakterisierungsmethoden kombiniert, um ein umfassenderes Materialverständnis zu erreichen. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2024 CY - Osnabrück, Germany DA - 06.05.2024 KW - Ultrasonic Testing KW - Time-offlight Diffraction (TOFD) KW - Microstructure Analysis KW - Non-Destructive Testing PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600122 UR - https://www.ndt.net/?id=29535 AN - OPUS4-60012 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Prabhakara, Prathik T1 - Ein synergistischer Ansatz zur Charakterisierung anisotroper Materialien mit Hilfe von Ultraschall und Mikrostrukturanalyse N2 - Es wird eine Studie zur Charakterisierung eines anisotropen Stahls vorgestellt, bei der Ultraschalluntersuchungen mit Mikrostrukturanalysen verbunden werden. Das Material weist hohe Festigkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit auf, zugleich ist mit anisotropen Eigenschaften die mechanischen und betrieblichen Eigenschaften beeinflussen zu rechnen. Vorläufige Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass weitere Untersuchungen notwendig sind, um die Fähigkeiten und Grenzen des Materials genau zu bestimmen. Es wird ein systematischer Ansatz mit Array- Prüfköpfen, Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Technik und mikrostrukturellen Untersuchungen angewendet, um die Wechselwirkung zwischen Anisotropie und Mikrostruktur des Stahls zu analysieren. Ultraschallprüfungen mit der TOFD-Technik und in Tauchtechnik liefern Einblicke in das anisotrope Verhalten des Werkstoffes, einschließlich entsprechenden Kornorientierung, Dämpfung und Schallgeschwindigkeitsvariation. Diese Messungen führen in Verbindung mit mikrostrukturellen Analysen zu einem tieferen Verständnis des Materialverhaltens. Unser Hauptziel ist es, ein Framework zu erstellen, welches die Ultraschallantwort anisotroper Materialien mit ihren mikroskopischen Struktureigenschaften verbindet. Die vorgestellte Methodik ermöglicht eine zerstörungsfreie und zügige Bewertung der Materialintegrität, was besonders bei der Anwendung von Hochleistungsmaterialien relevant ist. Durch diesen integrativen Ansatz werden verschiedener Charakterisierungsmethoden kombiniert, um ein umfassenderes Materialverständnis zu erreichen. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2024 CY - Osnabrück, Germany DA - 06.05.2024 KW - Ultrasonic Testing KW - Material Characterization KW - Microstructure Analysis KW - Time-offlight Diffraction (TOFD) KW - Non-Destructive Testing PY - 2024 UR - https://www.ndt.net/?id=29535 AN - OPUS4-60980 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra T1 - Einführung: Volume Specific Surface Area (VSSA) N2 - Im Rahmen der 2. BAM-Akademie-Veranstaltung "Nano or not Nano" wurde die OECD TG 124 "Volume Specific Surface Area of Manufactured Nanomaterials" vorgestellt. Der Vortrag enthält ein Einführung zur VSSA mit Definitionen, Vorteilen und Einschränkungen. T2 - BAM Akademie II: Info-Tage "Nano or not Nano" CY - Online meeting DA - 25.01.2024 KW - Nano powder KW - VSSA KW - Specific surface KW - OECD TG PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59560 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - INPR A1 - Weinel, Kristina A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin A1 - Lubk, Axel A1 - Feng, Wen A1 - Martinez, Ignacio Gonzalez A1 - Büchner, Bernd A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo T1 - Electron-beam-induced modification of gold microparticles in an SEM N2 - Electron-beam-induced conversion of materials in a transmission electron microscope uses the high power density of a localized electron beam of acceleration voltages above 100 kV as an energy source to transform matter at the sub-micron scale. Here, the e-beam-induced transformation of precursor microparticles employing a low-energy e-beam with an acceleration voltage of 30 kV in a scanning electron microscope is developed to increase the versatility and efficiency of the technique. Under these conditions, the technique can be classified between e-beam lithography, where the e-beam is used to mill holes in or grow some different material onto a substrate, and e-beam welding, where matter can be welded together when overcoming the melting phase. Modifying gold microparticles on an amorphous SiOx substrate reveals the dominant role of inelastic electron-matter interaction and subsequent localized heating for the observed melting and vaporization of the precursor microparticles under the electron beam. Monte-Carlo scattering simulations and thermodynamic modeling further support the findings. KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Electron-beam-induced modification KW - Heat transfer KW - Gold microparticles KW - Nanoparticles synthesis PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-609513 UR - https://arxiv.org/html/2408.02409v1 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-60951 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weinel, Kristina T1 - Electron-beam-induced synthesis and characterization of disordered plasmonic gold nanoparticle assemblies N2 - Several studies have been shown that the electron beam can be used to create nanomaterials from microparticle targets in situ in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Here, we show how this method has to be modified in order to synthesize plasmonic gold nanoparticles (NPs) on insulating silicon oxide substrate by employing a scanning electron microscope with a comparatively low acceleration voltage of 30 kV. The synthesized NPs exhibit a random distribution around the initial microparticle target: Their average size reduces from 150 nm to 3 nm with growing distance to the initial Au microparticle target. Similarly, their average distance increases. The synthesized NP assemblies therefore show distinctly different plasmonic behaviour with growing distance to the target, which allows to study consequences of random hybridization of surface plasmon in disordered system, such as Anderson localization. To reveal the surface plasmons and their localization behaviour we apply electron energy loss spectroscopy in the TEM. T2 - DPG spring conference, condensed matter section CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 17.03.2024 KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Gold nanoparticle synthesis KW - Disordered assemblies KW - Localized plasmons PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59763 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Birkholz, Henk A1 - Bayerlein, Bernd T1 - Evolution of the PMD Core Ontology (PMDco) Towards ISO/IEC 21838-2:2021 Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) N2 - Knowledge representation in the materials science and engineering (MSE) domain is a vast and multi-faceted challenge: Overlap, ambiguity, and inconsistency in terminology are common. Invariant and variant knowledge are difficult to align cross-domain. Generic top-level semantic terminology often is too abstract, while MSE domain terminology often is too specific. In this presentation, an approach how to maintain a comprehensive and intuitive MSE-centric terminology composing a mid-level ontology–the PMD Core Ontology (PMDco)–via MSE community-based curation procedures is shown. The PMDco is designed in direct support of the FAIR principles to address immediate needs of the global experts community and their requirements. The illustrated findings show how the PMDco bridges semantic gaps between high-level, MSE-specific, and other science domain semantics, how the PMDco lowers development and integration thresholds, and how to fuel it from real-world data sources ranging from manually conducted experiments and simulations as well as continuously automated industrial applications. T2 - MSE Congress 2024 - Materials Science and Engineering CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 24.09.2024 KW - Ontology KW - Semantic Interoperability KW - Knowledge representation KW - FAIR Data Management KW - PMD Core Ontology PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61141 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tokarski, T. A1 - Nolze, Gert T1 - Exploring Unconventional Uses of Kikuchi Pattern Analysis N2 - The characterization of really unknown phases typically uses 70 to 150 reflectors for lattice metric calculation. The determination of the lattice parameters follows with 4% accuracy. Including a Z correction up to 1% can be reached. The precision of the lattice parameters ratios (a:b:c) is, however, better than 0.1%. T2 - Oxford Users Meeting 2024 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 14.05.2024 KW - EBSD KW - Kikuchi KW - Lattice parameters KW - Ratio refinement PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60086 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weinel, Kristina A1 - Schultz, Johannes A1 - Kalady, Mohammed Fayis A1 - Wolf, Daniel A1 - Agudo Jácome, Leonardo A1 - Lubk, Axel T1 - Fabrication of 2-dimensional disordered assemblies of gold nanoparticles and investigation of localized surface plasmon resonances N2 - Interaction of electromagnetic waves, such as electron beams or light, with conductive material can lead to localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) where the incoming energy can be deposited in a collective excitation of electrons of the conduction band, which in turn can result in coherent localized plasmon oscillations. LSPR in metallic nanostructures, such as nanoparticles (NPs), which are sensitive to geometry, material composition and environment, are currently utilized in a wide range of applications, such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, plasmonic wave guides, improved solar cells, on-chip particle accelerators and nanoantennas. A host of studies that focus on plasmonic NPs ranging from single NPs with several shapes (cubic, spherical, tetrahedral) over 1D assemblies of NPs such as chains, to ordered 2D assemblies of NPs show an increase of the complexity regarding the hybridization behavior of LSPRs eventually lead to delocalized Surface Plasmons. Furthermore, Anderson predicted in 1977 the absence of diffusion or delocalization of waves in disordered systems, which has been discussed as the underlying mechanism for LSPRs localization in disordered metallic thin films and ultrathin 2D networks. Our aim is to further develop these studies on the surface plasmon localization in disordered structures by (1) developing a novel NPs assembly fabrication method that allows fabricating disordered assemblies of NPs of a wide range of NPs sizes, and (2) probing the LSPR with high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Moreover, the dominant dipolar interaction between the NPs, also facilitates an efficient numerical modeling of these systems, which in comparison with the experiments allows for an in-depth study of the impact of various geometric parameters as well as retardation and life-time damping on the observed localization behavior. To synthesize 2D disordered assemblies of gold NPs on a TEM transparent silicon oxide substrate, a new synthesis routine was developed. This procedure is based on sublimation and redeposition of a gold microparticle precursor induced by an electron beam in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) operated at 30 kV. To characterize the assembly of synthesized NPs in terms of size, shape and spreading over the substrate, TEM measurements were conducted subsequently. To study LSPRs experimentally, EELS in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) mode was carried out. The numerical modelling of LSPRs was performed using a self-consistent dipole model. The synthesized 2D disordered gold NPs assemblies exhibit a gradient in the NPs mean size, which ranges from 100 nm close to the precursor location down to 2 nm at a distance of more than 20 µm from the precursor location. Additionally, the interparticle distance between the gold NPs increases with increasing distance to the precursor location. The experimental investigation as well as the numerical simulation of the LSPRs demonstrate a localization behavior that decreases toward larger energies, which is driven by the disorder of the NPs assembly (mainly the random particle distance). That localization behavior stays in contrast to what was found in ultrathin 2D gold networks showing increasing of localization towards higher LSPRs energies. By varying the geometric parameters of the NPs assembly in the simulation, we could identify the NPs thickness as the parameter, that determines the energy-dependence of the localization. Specifically, a critical thickness of approx. 10 nm separates the two localization regimes, which correlates to the energy of the dipole mode resonance crucially depending on the thickness of the NPs. 2D disordered assemblies of gold NPs of a wide range of NPs sizes and distances can be synthesized directly on thin substrates facilitating structural characterization and EELS measurements in a TEM. It could be shown that such assemblies exhibit LSPRs with a localization behavior that may be tuned by the NPs sizes (including thickness) and interparticle distances. The proposed synthesis of random NPs assemblies opens new avenues for fundamental studies on Anderson localization in disordered plasmonic structures as well as its applications such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy where localization behavior must be tuned to specific wave lengths. T2 - 17th European Microscopy Congress (EMC 2024) CY - Copenhagen, Denmark DA - 26.08.2024 KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Gold nanoparticle synthesis KW - Disordered assemblies KW - Localized surface plasmon resonances KW - Transmission electron microscopy PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-618330 DO - https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202412932007 VL - 129 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis AN - OPUS4-61833 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -