TY - JOUR
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Doolette, A.
A1 - Huang, J.
T1 - Combining diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) and 31P NMR spectroscopy to determine phosphorus species in soil
N2 - The diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique shows in many publications a superior correlation to the amount of plant-available phosphorus (P) in soil. However, this technique cannot give information on the plant-available P species in soil. Therefore, we combined DGT with solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This was achieved by using a modified DGT device in which the diffusive layer had a larger pore size, the binding layer incorporated an adsorption material with a higher capacity, and the device had a larger exposure area. The spectroscopic investigation was undertaken after elution of the deployed DGT binding layer in a NaOH solution. Adsorption tests using solutions of known organic P compounds showed that a sufficient amount of these compounds could be adsorbed on the binding layer in order for them to be analyzed by solution 31P NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, various intermediates of the hydrolysis of trimetaphosphate in soil could be also analyzed over time.
KW - Phosphorus
KW - Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT)
KW - Passive sampling
KW - fertilizer
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545759
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.20068
VL - 7
IS - 1
SP - e20068
PB - Wiley online library
AN - OPUS4-54575
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Vogel, Christian
T1 - Microspectroscopy reveals dust-derived apatite grains in highly-weathered soils from the Kohala climosequence on Hawaii
N2 - Dust deposition is an important source of phosphorus (P) to many ecosystems. However, there is little evidence of dust-derived P-containing minerals in soils. Here we studied P forms along a well-described climatic gradient on Hawaii, which is also a dust deposition gradient. Soil mineralogy and soil P forms from six sites along the climatic gradient were analyzed with bulk (X-ray diffraction and P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure)
and microscale (X-ray fluorescence, P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure, and Raman) analysis methods. In the wettest soils, apatite grains ranging from 5 to 30 μm in size were co-located at the micro-scale with quartz, a known continental dust indicator suggesting recent atmospheric deposition. In addition to colocation with quartz, further evidence of dust-derived P included backward trajectory modeling indicating that dust particles could be brought to Hawaii from the major global dust-loading areas in central Asia and northern Africa. Although it is not certain whether the individual observed apatite grains were derived from long-distance transport of dust, or from local dust sources such as volcanic ash or windblown fertilizer, these observations offer direct evidence that P-containing minerals have reached surface layers of highly-weathered grassland soils
through atmospheric deposition.
T2 - BESSY Science Seminar
CY - Online meeting
DA - 01.04.2022
KW - Phosphorus
KW - Soil
KW - X-ray diffraction
KW - X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy
KW - Fertilizer
KW - Raman spectroscopy
KW - infrared spectroscopy
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-54584
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Roesch, Philipp
A1 - Wittwer, Philipp
A1 - Piechotta, Christian
A1 - Lisec, Jan
A1 - Sommerfeld, Thomas
A1 - Kluge, Stephanie
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Huthwelker, T.
A1 - Borca, C.
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in various wastewater-derived fertilizers - Analytical investigations from different perspectives
N2 - Solid wastewater-based fertilizers were screened for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by the extractable organic fluorine (EOF) sum parameter method. The EOF values for ten sewage sludges from Germany and Switzerland range from 154 to 7209 mg kg−1. For thermal treated sewage sludge and struvite the EOF were lower with values up to 121 mg kg−1. Moreover, the application of PFAS targeted
and suspect screening analysis of selected sewage sludge samples showed that only a small part of the EOF sum parameter values can be explained by the usually screened legacy PFAS. The hitherto unknown part of EOF sum parameter contains also fluorinated pesticides, pharmaceutical and aromatic compounds. Because these partly fluorinated compounds can degrade to (ultra-)short PFAS in wastewater treatment plants they should be considered as significant sources of organic fluorine in the environment. The combined results of sum parameter analysis and suspect screening reveal the need to update current regulations, such as the German fertilizer ordinance, to focus not solely on a few selected PFAS such as perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) but
consider an additional sum parameter approach as a more holistic alternative. Moreover, diffusion gradient in thin-films (DGT) passive samplers were utilized as an alternative simplified extraction method for PFAS in solid wastewater-based fertilizers and subsequently quantified via combustion ion chromatography. However, the DGT method was less sensitive and only comparable to the EOF values
of the fertilizers in samples with >150 mg kg−1, because of different diffusion properties for various PFAS, but also kinetic exchange limitations.
KW - Combustion ion chromatography
KW - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
KW - Sewage sludge
KW - Fertilizer
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-583429
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d3va00178d
SN - 2754-7000
VL - 2
IS - 10
SP - 1436
EP - 1445
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-58342
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Emter, J.
A1 - Leimkötter, D.
T1 - Thermochemisches P Recycling aus Klärschlamm - Erste großtechnische Anlage am Standort Altenstadt (Bayern)
N2 - Im Verbundprojekt R-Rhenania wird eine industrielle Demonstrationsanlage am Standort der Monoverbrennungsanlage Altenstadt der Firma Emter errichtet und im Jahr 2024 den Betrieb aufnehmen. Die vorhandene Rostfeuerung-Monoverbrennung wird so umgebaut, dass ein neues thermochemisches Verfahren integriert werden kann, welches hochwirksame und schadstoffarme Dünger produziert (bis zu 17.000 t/a). Die thermochemischen Produkte werden in Gefäß- und Feldversuchen im ökologischen Landbau auf ihre Düngewirkung getestet. Die Umweltverträglichkeit der Demonstrationsanlage wird untersucht, wie auch die Übertragbarkeit des Verfahrens auf weitere Regionen.
T2 - 13. VDI Klärschlammbehandlung
CY - Koblenz, Germany
DA - 14.09.2022
KW - Phosphor
KW - Versuchskampagne
KW - Recycling
KW - Nährstoffe
KW - Dünger
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-59576
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kratz, S.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Agronomic performance of P recycling fertilizers and methods to predict it: a review
N2 - Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all life forms, and P-availability thus an important driver of a functioning agriculture. However, phosphate rock resources for P-fertilizer production are only available in a few countries. Therefore, P-recovery from waste materials has become of increasing interest during the last decade and has been investigated worldwide. In order to characterize potential novel P-fertilizers made from recycled materials, a large array of P-compound characterizations, chemical extractions and growth experiments were performed. This review bundles the work carried out in that field over the last years. Overall, P-fertilizers from recycled materials show a broad range of P-compounds with very different chemical structure and solubility. Growth experiments performed to assess their fertilizing effects display high variations for most of the products. While these experiments have demonstrated that some fertilizers made of recycled materials may reach P effects in the same order of magnitude as water-soluble phosphate rock-based fertilizers, an important limitation in their interpretation is the fact that they often vary considerably in their experimental design. The existing data show clearly that standardization of growth experiments is urgently needed to achieve comparable results. Standard chemical extractants used to assess the chemical solubility of P-fertilizers were found to be of limited reliability for predicting plant P uptake. Therefore, alternative methods such as sequential fractionation, or the extraction of incubated soil/fertilizer mixtures with standard soil extractants or with P sink methods should be tested more intensively in the future to provide alternative options to predict the P-availability of fertilizers from recycled materials.
KW - Recycling fertilizer
KW - Phosphorus
KW - Chemical extraction methods
KW - Agronomic performance
KW - Incubated soil/fertilizer mixtures
KW - P sink method
KW - Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT)
PY - 2019
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-019-10010-7
SN - 1385-1314
SN - 1573-0867
VL - 115
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 39
PB - Springer
AN - OPUS4-48713
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Steckenmesser, D.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Steffens, D.
T1 - Medium-scale Plant Experiment of Sewage Sludge based Phosphorus Fertilizers from Large-scale Thermal Processing
N2 - Phosphorus (P) recycling from sewage sludge for agricultural needs has to meet requirements for agricultural implementation, such as short and long-term P-plant-availability under field conditions. Field experiments often bring no evaluable results, because agricultural soils got a high potential of P-supply even if they are classified as low in P-supply according to the CAL extraction method. The present study presents a possible way to investigate the P-plant-availability of P-recycling-fertilizers under field-like conditions. The plant experiments are firstly performed in small Mitscherlich pots in growth chambers and subsequently in containers with a high soil volume of 170 kg under greenhouse conditions, in which plants can grow until ripening. The tested P-recycling fertilizers were produced from sewage sludge in a large-scale thermal process. It was a two-step treatment process performed with a pyrolysis of sewage sludge at 550°C (SSC-550) and a subsequent thermochemical post-treatment at 950°C with Na2SO4 (SSA-Na) and HCl + Na2SO4 (SSA-HCl/Na) as additives. The results show, that the P-recycling-products from pyrolysis got an adequate long-term but a 65% lower short-term P-plant-availability compared to triple superphosphate. SSA-Na and SSA-HCl/Na show both a high short and longterm P-plant-availability comparable to triple-superphosphate. This can be explained by their highly plant-available P-compound CaNaPO4.
KW - Fertilzer
KW - Sewage sludge
KW - Plant Experiment
KW - Thermal treatment
PY - 2019
DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2019.1667373
VL - 50
IS - 19
SP - 2469
EP - 2481
PB - Taylor & Francis
AN - OPUS4-49143
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Hoffmann, Marie
A1 - Taube, Mareike
A1 - Krüger, O.
A1 - Baran, R.
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Uranium and thorium species in phosphate rock and sewage sludge ash based phosphorus fertilizers
N2 - Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all forms of life and is thus often applied as phosphate rock-based P-fertilizers in agriculture to enable continuous farming. However, these P-fertilizers contain also hazardous uranium (U) and thorium (Th), up to 660 and 220 mg/kg, respectively. On the contrary, novel P-fertilizers made from sewage sludge (ash) contain only low mass fractions of U and Th. In addition to the total amount of U and Th in P-fertilizers, their mobility and bioavailability is important, which depends to a large extent on their chemical state, especially oxidation state and chemical bonding. Thus, we analyzed their chemical state in various P-fertilizers by U and Th L3-edge HERFD-XANES spectroscopy. Phosphate rocks and sewage sludge-based P-fertilizers contain mainly U(IV) compounds which have only a low bioavailability. In contrast, acidic treatment of phosphate rock to produce super phosphates lead to an oxidation to U(VI) compounds (including formation of uranium phosphates) with a strongly increased bioavailability. On the contrary, all analyzed P-fertilizers contain Th in form of strongly insoluble phosphates and oxides with a low bioavailability. Additionally performed water extractions and Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) experiments support these findings.
KW - Phosphorus fertilizer
KW - Sewage sludge
KW - X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy
KW - Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT)
KW - Extraction
PY - 2020
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121100
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 382
SP - 121100, 1
EP - 6
AN - OPUS4-48872
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Hoffmann, Marie
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Stephan-Scherb, Christiane
A1 - Hecht, Lutz
T1 - Novel approaches to Sc species investigation in bauxite residues by x ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy
N2 - In a rapidly evolving world, the demand on raw materials is increasing steadily and many technologies are dependent on a secure supply of hi-tech metals. Recently, scandium (Sc) has attracted attention since its use in high strength Al-alloys and solid-oxide-fuel-cells strongly improves the performance of those materials.
The element Sc is not exceptionally rare but quite resistant to geochemical enrichment processes, it is scarcely found enriched to high concentrations and is recovered as a by-product. Since Sc enrichment in Greek bauxite residues was shown by Ochsenkühn-Petropoulou et. al (1994), intensive research on this material and development of efficient Sc-recovery methods is ongoing.
This study investigates Sc-bearing species in bauxite residues from alumina production. It aims to provide direct evidence about the Sc-speciation’s in those secondary resources and tries to find the link to speciation’s in primary resources, e.g. bauxites and laterites.
Therefore, Sc K edge XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) spectroscopy is performed using synchrotron radiation to determine the presence of certain Sc-components and distinguish between adsorbed and chemically bonded Sc as was shown for lateritic deposits in Australia by Chassé et al. 2016. For comparison, reference standards of Sc-bearing and Sc-adsorbed species are synthesized. Indirect inferences from leaching behavior of bauxites, in cases supported by analyses with LA-ICP-MS, suggest Sc to be associated with either iron- or aluminum phases (Vind et al. 2017); (Suss et al.). It remains unclear how different primary materials influence Sc-speciation in the bauxite residue. Therefore, a comparison between different European bauxite residues is made in this study. The investigations should help to understand Sc chemistry and
behavior in different primary and secondary materials and provide fundamentals for metallurgical processing. The research is incorporated in the SCALE project (GA No. 730105) funded by EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation program.
T2 - DMG Tagung GeoMünster
CY - Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
DA - 22.09.2019
KW - Scandium
KW - Bauxite Residue
KW - Red Mud
KW - XANES
PY - 2019
AN - OPUS4-49389
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Sekine, R.
A1 - Huang, J.
A1 - Steckenmesser, D.
A1 - Steffens, D.
A1 - Huthwelker, T.
A1 - Borca, C.
A1 - Pradas del Real, A.
A1 - Castillo-Michel, H.
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Effect of Nitrification Inhibitor on Nitrogen Forms in Soil and Phosphorus Uptake of Plants
N2 - Phosphorus (P) resource availability is declining and the efficiency of applied nutrients in agricultural soils is becoming increasingly important. This is especially true for P-fertilizers from recycled materials which often have a lower plant-availability compared to commercial P-fertilizers but are expected to play an increasingly important role into the future (Kratz et al. 2019). One promising way to increase the plant-availability of the fertilizer P is a co-fertilization with specific nitrogen (N) forms which can enhance the P uptake and make P-fertilizers from recycled material more competitive to commercial phosphate rock-based P-fertilizers (Rahmatullah et al. 2006; Vogel et al. 2018). To investigate this effect, we performed a pot experiment with three different P-fertilizers (sewage sludge-based, phosphate rock and triple superphosphate) and ammonium nitrate sulfate as a co-fertilizer, without and with a nitrification inhibitor (NI), and analyzed the form of N and P in soil via a suite of chemical and novel X-ray spectroscopic methods. The application of NI with the P and N fertilizers led to a higher dry matter yield and a higher P uptake of maize. Novel N K-edge micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (micro-XANES) spectroscopy identified that the application of a NI promotes the temporary formation of a non-exchangeable N in detectable hot-spots in the soil. The subsequent slow release and prolonged availability of N during plant growth leads to higher yield and nutrient uptake. It can be concluded that NIs lead to a temporary fixation of ammonium-N in a pool that can be accessed by plant roots. Those types of available nutrient pools meet the idea of so-called “next generation fertilizers” as plants have access to nutrients according to their current demand.
T2 - Annual Meeting of the German Society of Plant Nutrition (DGP)
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 25.09.2019
KW - Fertilzer
KW - X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy
KW - Nitrification inhibitor
KW - Agronomic performance
PY - 2019
AN - OPUS4-49144
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Krüger, O.
A1 - Hoffmann, Marie
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Determination of chromium(VI) in phosphorus fertilizers made from recycled materials by DGT
N2 - Phosphorus (P) fertilizers from secondary resources became increasingly important in the last years. However, these novel P-fertilizer can also contain toxic pollutants e.g. chromium (Cr) in the hexavalent state (Cr(VI)), which is regulated with low limit values in agricultural products (German fertilizer ordinance limit: 2 mg/kg Cr(VI)). The determination of Cr(VI) in these novel fertilizer matrices can be hampered by redox processes that lead to false results with the standard wet chemical extraction method (German norm DIN EN 15192). Therefore, we analyzed Cr(VI) in various P-fertilizers with the DGT technique. DGT devices equipped with a APA (polyacrylamide) diffusion layer and Cr(VI) selective N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG) binding layer were used for the study. After a 24 h conditioning period of the fertilizer at 60% of the water holding capacity (WHC), the fertilizers were brought to 100% WHC, transferred onto the DGT devices and deployed for 24 h at 25°C. The extraction of Cr from the DGT binding layer was carried out with 1 M HNO3 for 24 h. The Cr-concentrations of the extract were determined by means of ICP-MS. We found a good correlation between the standard wet chemical extraction and the DGT method for the whole range of P-fertilizers. However, partly soluble Cr(VI) compounds cannot be detected in full extent by the DGT method that is best suited for mobile Cr(VI). Furthermore, Cr K-edge XANES spectroscopy showed that the Cr(VI)-selective DGT binding layer also adsorbs mobile Cr(III) compounds from acid treatment of phosphates which can therefore cause an overestimation of Cr(VI). The DGT method was very sensitive and in most cases selective for the analysis of Cr(VI) in P-fertilizers made from recycled materials. However, the results of certain types of P-fertilizers containing mobile Cr(III) or partly immobile Cr(VI) show that still some optimization of the method is required to avoid over- or underestimation of Cr(VI).
T2 - 6th Conference on Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films
CY - Vienna, Austria
DA - 17.09.2019
KW - Fertilzer
KW - Pollutant
KW - Chromium
KW - Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT)
KW - XANES spectroscopy
PY - 2019
AN - OPUS4-49058
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kratz, S.
A1 - Samman, N.
A1 - Wilharm, E.
A1 - Jabs, K.
A1 - Anlauf, R.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Bloem, E.
T1 - Development of a standard substrate to facilitate the use of DGT for the assessment of P recycling fertilizers
N2 - P recycling fertilizers are gaining increasing importance in our efforts to close nutrient cycles. An unsatisfactory performance of standard chemical extraction methods to assess the fertilizing effects of such products was reported. They demonstrated that DGT extractions of incubated soil/fertilizer mixtures were able to predict the fertilizing effects of the respective products more accurately. Since DGT works with soil/fertilizer mixtures, its interpretation is soil-dependent. Therefore, in order to facilitate its use as a tool to predict fertilizer performance, it needs to be standardized based on a standard substrate. This research aims to develop a standard substrate based on which evaluation categories for the DGT fertilizer extraction can be derived. The substrate composition should allow to vary the most important soil properties determining the plant availability of fertilizer P. It must also be reproducible at any time and any place. Substrate variants with varying proportions of quartz sand, a clay mineral and sphagnum peat were prepared and set to pH-levels 5.5 and 7 by addition of CaCO3. 7 variants were incubated with a set of test fertilizers (2 recycling fertilizers based on sewage sludge ash and 2 conventional mineral fertilizers) for 2 weeks. Substrate/fertilizer mixtures were then extracted with DGT and an ANOVA was performed to test if the DGT extraction was able to depict significant differences between fertilizers and substrate variants. An 8-week pot trial with ryegrass (3 cuts) was set up with the same substrate variants and test fertilizers. P uptake was determined to assess the fertilizing effect and correlated with the results of the DGT extractions. Statistically significant differences were found between DGT results for the various test fertilizers and substrate variants, indicating that DGT is able to differentiate between P solubility of fertilizers in relation to substrate quality. DGT results showed a strong relationship with P uptake, confirming that this method is suitable to predict the fertilizing effect of P fertilizers. Further optimization of substrate composition and tests with a wider variety of crops and fertilizer types are needed, before evaluation categories for DGT values can be derived.
T2 - 6th Conference on Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films
CY - Vienna, Austria
DA - 17.09.2019
KW - Fertilzer
KW - Phosphorus
KW - Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT)
PY - 2019
AN - OPUS4-49060
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Huang, L.
A1 - Sekine, R.
A1 - Doolette, A.
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Kugler, Stefan
A1 - Hoffmann, Marie
A1 - Lombi, E.
A1 - Zuin, L.
A1 - Wang, D.
A1 - Félix, R.
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Specification of bioavailable nutrients and pollutants in the environment by combining DGT and spectroscopic techniques
N2 - Previous research shows that analytical methods based on Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (DGT) provide very good correlations to the amount of bioavailable nutrients and pollutants in the environmental samples. However, these DGT results do not identify which compound of the specific element has the high bioavailability. Using various spectroscopic techniques (infrared, XANES and NMR spectroscopy) to analyze the dried DGT binding layers after deployment could allow us to determine the specific elements or compounds. Nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen are often, together with other elements, present as molecules in the environment. These ions are detectable and distinguishable by infrared and NMR spectroscopy, respectively. In addition, XANES spectroscopy allows for the specification of nutrients and pollutants (e.g. chromium) on the DGT binding layer. Furthermore, microspectroscopic techniques make it also possible to analyze compounds on the DGT binding layer with a lateral resolution down to 5 µm2. Therefore, species of elements and compounds of e.g. a spatial soil segment can be mapped and analyzed, providing valuable insight to understand the dynamics of nutrients and pollutants in the environment. Here we will present the advantages and limitations of this novel combination of techniques.
T2 - 6th Conference on Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films
CY - Vienna, Austria
DA - 17.09.2019
KW - Soil P species
KW - DGT
KW - Infrared spectroscopy
PY - 2019
AN - OPUS4-49057
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Helfenstein, J.
A1 - Massey, M.
A1 - Sekine, R.
A1 - Kretzschmar, R.
A1 - Beiping, L.
A1 - Peter, T.
A1 - Chadwick, O.
A1 - Tamburini, F.
A1 - Rivard, C.
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Pradas del Real, A.
A1 - Castillo-Michel, H.
A1 - Zuin, L.
A1 - Wang, D.
A1 - Félix, R.
A1 - Lassalle-Kaiser, B.
A1 - Frossard, E.
T1 - Microspectroscopy reveals dust-derived apatite grains in acidic, highly-weathered Hawaiian soils
N2 - Dust deposition is an important source of phosphorus (P) to many ecosystems. However, there is little evidence of dust-derived P-containing minerals in soils. Here we studied P forms along a well-described climatic Gradient on Hawaii, which is also a dust deposition gradient. Soil mineralogy and soil P forms from six sites along the climatic gradient were analyzed with bulk (X-ray diffraction and P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure) and microscale (X-ray fluorescence, P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure, and Raman) analysis methods. In the wettest soils, apatite grains ranging from 5 to 30 μm in size were co-located at the micro-scale with quartz, a known continental dust indicator suggesting recent atmospheric deposition. In addition to co-location with quartz, further evidence of dust-derived P included backward trajectory modeling indicating that dust particles could be brought to Hawaii from the major global dust-loading areas in central Asia and northern Africa. Although it is not certain whether the individual observed apatite grains were derived from long-distance transport of dust, or from local dust sources such as volcanic ash or windblown fertilizer, these observations offer direct evidence that P-containing minerals have reached surface layers of highly-weathered grassland soils through atmospheric deposition.
KW - Phosphorus
KW - soil
KW - microspectroscopy
KW - Raman spectroscopy
KW - XANES spectroscopy
KW - x-ray diffraction
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-511522
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114681
SN - 0166-0918
SN - 1872-6259
VL - 381
SP - 114681-1
EP - 114681-11
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-51152
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Wiesler, F.
A1 - Hund-Rinke, K.
A1 - George, E.
A1 - Greef, J.-M.
A1 - Holz, F.
A1 - Hölze, L.E.
A1 - Hülsbergen, K.-J.
A1 - Martin, S.
A1 - Severin, K.
A1 - Spielvogel, S.
A1 - Geiger, P.
A1 - Nawotke, C.
A1 - Kehlenbeck, H.
A1 - Schenkel, H.
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Bloem, E.
A1 - Frank, D.
A1 - Goldbach, H.E.
A1 - Heene, M.
A1 - Kratz, S.
A1 - Kruse, A.
A1 - Möller, K.
A1 - Pinnekamp, J.
A1 - Schoumans, O.F.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Wulf, S.
T1 - Recyclingphosphate in der Düngung – Nutzen und Grenzen
N2 - Weltweit werden etwa 80–85 % aller abgebauten Rohphosphate für die Produktion von Düngemitteln verwendet. Bei noch steigendem Bedarf an Phosphor (P) geht man derzeit davon aus, dass die weltweiten P-Reserven noch über 200 Jahre ausreichen. Um den P-Vorrat langfristig abzusichern, sollte der in Reststoffen enthaltene Phosphor möglichst umfänglich genutzt werden. Dieser Forderung trägt das von der Bundesregierung 2012 erstmals beschlossene Deutsche Ressourceneffizienzprogramm ProgRess Rechnung. Rohphosphat wird auch seitens der Europäischen Kommission aufgrundseiner ökonomischen Bedeutung und des unsicheren Angebots als „kritischer Rohstoff“ eingestuft. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat die Bundesregierung in der Verordnung zur Neuordnung der Klärschlammverwertung vom 27. September 2017 in Deutschland eine verpflichtende technische Rückgewinnung von Phosphor für Abwasserbehandlungsanlagen ab einer Ausbaugröße von 100.000 Einwohnerwerten (12 Jahre nach Inkrafttreten der Verordnung) bzw. ab einer Ausbaugröße von über 50.000 Einwohnerwerten (15 Jahre nach Inkrafttreten der Verordnung) vorgeschrieben. Die Verordnung enthält keine Vorgaben hinsichtlich der anzuwendenden Technologie bei der Phosphorrückgewinnung. Ausgenommen von der Rückgewinnungspflicht sind Klärschlämme mit niedrigen Phosphorgehalten (weniger als 20 Gramm Phosphor je Kilogramm Klärschlamm-Trockenmasse). Auch die im Jahre 2017 verabschiedeten neuen Rechtsvorschriften für die Düngung verlangen zukünftig einen nachhaltigen und ressourceneffizienten Umgang mit Nährstoffen bei der landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugung und schränken die P-Zufuhr insbesondere auf hoch versorgten Böden ein (Düngeverordnung vom 26. Mai 2017). Dies wird zu einem mehr am Pflanzenbedarf orientierten und ggf. vermehrt überbetrieblichen Einsatz von wirtschaftseigenen Düngern führen. Um den politischen und gesetzlichen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden, müssen einerseits wirksame und kosteneffiziente technische Verfahren zum P-Recycling (weiter)entwickelt werden. Andererseits müssen die Recyclingprodukte die Anforderungen für eine direkte Verwendung in der Landwirtschaft oder als Rohstoff für die Herstellung von Düngemitteln erfüllen. In dem vorliegenden Standpunkt wird zunächst der potenzielle Beitrag von Reststoffen zur Deckung des P-Bedarfs in der deutschen Pflanzenproduktion geschätzt. Für die wichtigsten Reststoffe werden technische Verfahren zur P-Rückgewinnung bzw. Aufarbeitung skizziert. Auf Basis der Anforderungen der Landwirtschaft bzw. der Düngemittelindustrie
an die P-Recyclingprodukte werden deren Herstellungsverfahren bewertet. Schließlich wird der Regelungs- und Forschungsbedarf formuliert.
KW - Phosphor
KW - Düngemittel
KW - Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT)
PY - 2020
SP - 1
EP - 19
PB - Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-51011
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Sekine, R.
A1 - Huang, J.
A1 - Steckenmesser, D.
A1 - Steffens, D.
A1 - Huthwelker, T.
A1 - Borca, C.
A1 - Pradas del Real, A.
A1 - Castillo-Michel, H.
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Effects of a nitrification inhibitor on nitrogen species in the soil and the yield and phosphorus uptake of maize
N2 - Phosphorus (P) resource availability is declining and the efficiency of applied nutrients in agricultural soils is becoming increasingly important. This is especially true for P fertilizers from recycled materials, which often have low plant availability. Specific co-fertilization with ammoniumcan enhance P plant availability in soils amended with these P fertilizers, and thus the yield of plants. To investigate this effect, we performed a pot experiment with maize in slightly acidic soil (pH 6.9) with one water-soluble (triple superphosphate [TSP]) and two water-insoluble (sewage sludge-based and hyperphosphate [Hyp]) P fertilizers and anammoniumsulfate nitrate with or without a nitrification inhibitor (NI). The dry matter yield of maize was significantly increased by the NI with the Hyp (from 14.7 to 21.5 g/pot) and TSP (from 40.0 to 45.4 g/pot) treatments. Furthermore, P uptake was slightly increased in all three P treatments with the NI, but not significantly. Olsen-P extraction and P K-edge micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy showed that apatite-P of the water insoluble P fertilizers mobilized during the plant growth period. In addition, novel nitrogen (N) K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy and the Mogilevkina method showed that the application of an NI increased the fixation of ammonium in detectable hot spots in the soil. Thus, the delay in the nitrification process by the NI and the possible slow-release of temporarily fixed ammoniumin the soil resulted in a high amount of plant available Ammonium in the soil solution. This development probably decreases the rhizosphere pH due to release of H+ by plants during ammoniumuptake, whichmobilizes phosphorus in the amended soil and increases the dry matter yield of maize. This is especially important for water-insoluble apatite-based P fertilizers (conventional and recycled), which tend to have poor plant availability.
KW - Fertilzer
KW - Phosphorus recovery
KW - Ammonium
KW - Nitrification inhibitor
KW - XANES spectroscopy
KW - Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT)
PY - 2020
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136895
SN - 1879-1026
VL - 715
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-50477
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Hoffmann, Marie
A1 - Krüger, O.
A1 - Murzin, V.
A1 - Caliebe, W.
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Chromium (VI) in phosphorus fertilizers determined with the diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique
N2 - Phosphorus (P) fertilizers from secondary resources became increasingly important in the last years. However, these novel P-fertilizers can also contain toxic pollutants such as chromium in its hexavalent state (Cr(VI)). This hazardous form of chromium is therefore regulated with low limit values for agricultural products even though the correct determination of Cr(VI) in these fertilizers may be hampered by redox processes, leading to false results. Thus, we applied the novel diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique for Cr(VI) in fertilizers and compared the results with the standard wet chemical extraction method (German norm DIN EN 15192) and Cr K-edge X-ray Absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. We determined an overall good correlation between the wet chemical extraction and the DGT method. DGT was very sensitive and for most tested materials selective for the analysis of Cr(VI) in P-fertilizers. However, hardly soluble Cr(VI) compounds cannot be detected with the DGT method since only mobile Cr(VI) is analyzed. Furthermore, Cr K-edge XANES spectroscopy showed that the DGT binding layer also adsorbs small amounts of mobile Cr(III) so that Cr(VI) values are overestimated. Since certain types of the P fertilizers contain mobile Cr(III) or partly immobile Cr(VI), it is necessary to optimize the DGT binding layers to avoid aforementioned over- or underestimation. Furthermore, our investigations showed that the Cr K-edge XANES spectroscopy technique is unsuitable to determine small amounts of Cr(VI) in fertilizers (below approx. 1% of Cr(VI) in relation to total Cr).
KW - Phosphorus fertilizer
KW - Sewage sludge ash
KW - Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT)
KW - Chemical extraction
KW - XANES spectroscopy
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-509578
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08761-w
SN - 0944-1344
VL - 27
SP - 24320
EP - 24328
PB - Springer
AN - OPUS4-50957
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Gentzmann, Marie
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Gäbler, H.-E.
A1 - Huthwelker, T.
T1 - Investigation and comparison of Scandium species in different European bauxite residues by combination of novel analytocall tools
N2 - In recent times, as the need for new high-tech materials is growing steadily to fulfil future sustainability goals, more and more looks turn towards industrial waste streams as potential sources of valuable metals. Bauxite residue (BR), accumulating during alumina production, is one of the major waste streams in the metal industry. Suitable re-use possibilities for BR are intensively investigated including approaches for the recovery of scandium (Sc). This transition metal, even though rarely recognized by the broader audience yet, has recently gained the interest of e.g. aerospace industries and SOFC-producers since its use is strongly improving the performance and durability of the respective materials.
Even though many sources classify Sc as one of the REE, there are many aspects, such as its ionic radius, which significantly differentiate Sc from the REE and cause its behaviour to be distinct as well. The large ionic potential (radius/charge) causes Sc to be incompatible in most rock forming minerals, which results in generally low concentrations in the earth’s crust and rare occurrences of natural Sc-deposits.
The general occurrence of enriched concentrations of Sc in some BRs compared to the earth’s crust is known for some time now and has especially been investigated for Greek materials. However, the (geo)chemical and mineralogical behaviour, the Sc speciation, the association and the variation of Sc occurrences in BRs of different origin is still not fully understood. This study aims to gain better knowledge on the different kinds of Sc-occurrences and their possible impact on future recovery schemes. We therefore apply a diverse set of analytical methods including novel measurement techniques such as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy as well as standard techniques such as electron microprobe analyses, and Raman spectroscopy on BRs from Germany, Hungary and Greece. Information on the local distribution of Sc is determined by high-resolution laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) mappings.
Sc in Greek BR seems to have an affinity towards Fe-Phases such as Goethite and Hematite. However, whereas some of these phases show distinct enrichment of Sc, others are particularly barren, which might be a result of the different input materials. By means of XANES measurements it was possible to show that Sc in the Greek samples occurs adsorbed on the surface of those Fe-Phases, likely in the form of amorphous Sc-hydroxide or -oxyhydroxide or can be incorporated into the crystal lattice as well. The general affinity of Sc to those kinds of phases has been reported for natural rocks such as laterites before, where similar investigations were made using the XANES method [8]. Likewise, the Fe-association has been observed for Greek BR by Vind et al. [7]. Hungarian BRs show similar results as the Greek samples and LA-ICP-MS mappings show distinct Sc enrichment rims surrounding mineral particles. In German BR, Fe as well as Ti-phases occur to be partially enriched in Sc. Depending on the original primary bauxite, the source rock of the bauxite and the bauxite processing route, it is likely that many different parameters influence the occurrence and species of Sc in the BR. Theoretically, it either can therefore remain within its original carrier or can be partially or fully redistributed within the BR. Since the processing of the bauxite involves elevated temperatures, pressure and dissolving reagents, it is however very likely that some of the Sc will be redistributed and adsorb on mineral surfaces of smaller and larger particles, making beneficiation steps rather ineffective.
The study shows that there is no general rule defining how Sc is associated mineralogically or chemically within BRs. Therefore, the effective development of a recovery method needs a case specific background knowledge on the Sc-species present in the BR of interest. This research has received funding from the European Community’s Horizon 2020 Programme SCALE (H2020/2014-2020) under grant agreement n° 730105.
T2 - 3rd European Rare Earth Resources Conference (ERES) 2020
CY - Online meeting
DA - 06.10.2020
KW - Red Mud
KW - Scandium
KW - Bauxite Residue
PY - 2020
AN - OPUS4-51570
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Steckenmesser, D.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Böhm, L.
A1 - Heyde, B.
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Fate of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in sewage sludge carbonisates and ashes – A risk assessment to a thermochemical phosphorus-recycling process
N2 - In the near future, phosphorus (P) recycling will gain importance in terms of decreasing primary resources. Sewage sludge (SSL) is an adequate secondary P-resource for P-fertilizer production but it is also a sink for heavy metals and organic pollutants. The present study is an investigation on thermochemical P-recycling of SSL. Various temperatures and amendments were tested regarding their performance to remove heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and simultaneous increase of the plant-availability of P. The investigations were carried out on two types of SSL originating from wastewater treatment plants with chemical P-precipitation and enhanced biological P-removal, respectively. The results show that thermochemical treatment with chlorine donors is suitable to remove the majority of heavy metals and that a combination of a gaseous chlorine donor (HCl) and sodium additives leads to both high heavy metal removal and high plant availability of P. Furthermore, plant experiments Show that almost all investigated thermochemical treatments can significantly reduce the bioavailability and plant uptake of heavy metals. Furthermore, PAHs are secondarily formed during low-temperature treatments (400–500 ° ), but can be significantly reduced by using sodium carbonate as an additive.
KW - Fertilzer
KW - Pollutant
KW - Phosphorus
PY - 2018
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.06.027
SN - 0956-053X
VL - 78
SP - 576
EP - 587
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-45341
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Kratz, S.
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Vogel, Christian
ED - Holm, O.
ED - Thome-Kozmienski, E.
ED - Quicker, P.
ED - Kopp-Assenmacher, S.
T1 - Pflanzenverfügbarkeit und agronomische Effizienz von klärschlammbasierten Phosphor (P)-Recyclingdüngern
N2 - Die agronomische Effizienz von Düngemitteln wird üblicherweise im Vegetationsversuch geprüft. Vegetationsversuche erlauben die Betrachtung unterschiedlicher Kulturpflanzen und deren Strategien der Nährstoffmobilisierung und -Aneignung ebenso wie die Berücksichtigung verschiedener Substrattypen und deren Eigenschaften hinsichtlich Nährstofffixierung und -freisetzung. Solche Versuche, selbst wenn sie nicht im Feld, sondern nur im Gefäß durchgeführt werden, sind jedoch sowohl zeit- als auch kostenintensiv. In erster Näherung wird die Pflanzenverfügbarkeit insbesondere von Phosphor (P)-Düngemitteln daher herkömmlicherweise mit Hilfe standardisierter chemischer Extraktionsmethoden abgeschätzt, deren Durchführung in der deutschen ebenso wie in der europäischen Düngemittelverordnung normiert ist. Diese Methoden werden auch im Rahmen der staatlichen Düngemittelverkehrskontrolle genutzt, um die Einhaltung düngemittelrechtlicher Vorgaben zu überprüfen. Wie jüngere Arbeiten gezeigt haben, ist jedoch die Übertragung herkömmlicher Standardextraktionsmethoden auf neue Dünger aus Recyclingmaterialien wie Klärschlamm mit einigen Schwierigkeiten verbunden. Korrelationen zwischen P-Aufnahme im Vegetationsversuch und chemischer Löslichkeit im Standardextrakt sind oft nur mäßig bis schwach oder überhaupt nicht signifikant. Die vorliegende Literaturübersicht gibt einen Überblick zum aktuellen Stand des Wissens über die chemische Löslichkeit von klärschlammbasierten P-Recyclingdüngern, deren Effizienz im Vegetationsversuch und statistische Relationen zwischen beiden Parametern. Anschließend werden alternative Methoden
zur Abschätzung der P-Verfügbarkeit von Recyclingdüngern vorgestellt, die derzeit Gegenstand der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion sind.
KW - P-Recyclingdünger
KW - Phosphat
KW - DGT-Methode
KW - Agronomische Effizienz
PY - 2018
SN - 978-3-944310-43-5
SP - 391
EP - 408
PB - Thome-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH
CY - Neuruppin
AN - OPUS4-46551
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kratz, S.
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Vogel, Christian
T1 - Düngewirkung von P-Rezyklaten
N2 - Die agronomische Effizienz von Düngemitteln wird üblicherweise in Vegetationsversuchen geprüft. Diese erlauben die es, unterschiedliche Kulturpflanzen und deren Strategien der Nährstoffmobilisierung und -aneignung zu betrachten und verschiedene Substrattypen und deren Eigenschaften im Hinblick auf Nährstofffixierung und -freisetzung zu berücksichtigen. Solche Versuche, selbst wenn sie nicht im Feld, sondern nur im Gefäß durchgeführt werden, sind jedoch sowohl zeit- als auch kostenintensiv. In erster Näherung wird die Pflanzenverfügbarkeit insbesondere von Phosphor (P)-Düngemitteln daher in der Regel mit Hilfe standardisierter chemischer Extraktionsmethoden abgeschätzt, deren Durchführung in der deutschen ebenso wie in der europäischen Düngemittelverordnung normiert ist. Diese Methoden werden auch bei der staatlichen Düngemittelverkehrskontrolle genutzt, um zu überprüfen, ob die düngemittelrechtlichen Vorgaben eingehalten werden. Wie jüngere Arbeiten gezeigt haben, ist es jedoch schwierig, herkömmliche Standardextraktionsmethoden auf neue Dünger aus Recyclingmaterialien wie Klärschlamm zu übertragen. Korrelationen zwischen P-Aufnahme im Vegetationsversuch und chemischer Löslichkeit im Standardextrakt sind oft nur mäßig bis schwach oder überhaupt nicht signifikant. Die vorliegende Literaturübersicht gibt einen Überblick zum aktuellen Stand des Wissens über die chemische Löslichkeit von klärschlammbasierten P-Recyclingdüngern, deren Effizienz im Vegetationsversuch und statistische Relationen zwischen beiden Parametern. Anschließend werden alternative Methoden zur Abschätzung der P-Verfügbarkeit von Recyclingdüngern vorgestellt, die derzeit Gegenstand der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion sind.
KW - Abwasser
KW - Agronomische Effizienz
KW - Chemische Löslichkeit
KW - Düngemittel
KW - Extraktion
KW - Klärschlamm
KW - Pflanzenverfügbarkeit
KW - Pflanzenwurzel
KW - Phosphat
KW - Phosphor
KW - P-Recyclingdünger
KW - Relative agronomische Effizienz (RAE)
KW - Struvit
KW - Vegetationsversuche
PY - 2019
VL - 32
IS - 1
SP - 14
EP - 21
PB - Rhombos-Verlag
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-47941
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Breites Leistungsspektrum - Für die Phosphorrückgewinnung aus Abwasser und Klärschlamm stehen aus technischer und ökonomischer Sicht verschiedene Verfahren zur Verfügung
N2 - Die P-Rückgewinnung aus Teilströmen mit erhöhten P-Gehalten kann direkt in den Kläranlagenbetrieb integriert werden und führt dort in vielen Fällen zu betrieblichen und ökonomischen Vorteilen. Sie ist in der Regel auf Bio-P-Kläranlagen beschränkt, da hier die anaerobe P-Rücklösung initiiert und genutzt werden kann. Durch die reine P-Rücklösung durch Schaffung anaerober Bedingungen ist allerdings das Potential der Rückgewinnung auf 5 bis 15 Prozent der Zulauffracht limitiert.
Die meisten Kläranlagen in Deutschland werden mit einer chemischen Phosphor-Fällung betrieben. Diese Anlagen können aus dem Klärschlamm Phosphat in ausreichend hoher Konzentration nur zurückgewinnen, indem zusätzlich anorganische Säuren wie Schwefelsäure zugeführt werden oder ein Aufschluss mit flüssigem Kohlendioxid stattfindet. Es wird angenommen, dass sich mit diesen Verfahren mehr als 50 Prozent der Zulauffracht einer Kläranlage zurückgewinnen lassen. Der Aufschluss von Klärschlamm mit Schwefelsäure geht aber mit vergleichsweise hohen Umweltwirkungen sowie mit höheren Kosten im Vergleich zu anderen Phosphor-Rückgewinnungsverfahren einher. Ein sehr hohes Potential der Rückgewinnung von Phosphor (P) ist bei allen Verfahren gegeben, die als Rohstoff die Asche aus der Monoverbrennung verwerten. Der Aufschluss mit anorganischen Säuren ermöglicht die sichere Phosphor-Rückgewinnung von mehr als 80% Prozent des Kläranlagenzulaufs. Die Verfahren sind zum Teil großtechnisch umgesetzt oder es befinden sich großtechnische Anlagen im Bau. Auch thermochemische Verfahren wurden entwickelt und deren Einsatzbereitschaft im großtechnischen Maßstab erfolgreich demonstriert. In dem nachfolgenden Beitrag werden unterschiedliche praxiserprobte Verfahren zur Phosphor-Rückgewinnung unter technischen und wirtschaftlichen Aspekten vorgestellt.
KW - Abwasserreinigung
KW - Bio-P-Kläranlage
KW - Elimination
KW - Fällmittel
KW - Kläranlage
KW - Klärschlamm
KW - Klärschlammasche
KW - Klärschlammverordnung
KW - Monoverbrennung
KW - Permeat
KW - Phosphat
KW - Phosphor
KW - Phosphorrückgewinnung
KW - Retentat
KW - Struvit
KW - Zentrat
PY - 2019
VL - 32
IS - 1
SP - 4
EP - 13
PB - Rhombos-Verlag
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-47942
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Sekine, R.
A1 - Steckenmesser, D.
A1 - Lombi, E.
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Zuin, L.
A1 - Wang, D.
A1 - Felix, R.
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Combining diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and spectroscopic techniques for the determination of phosphorus species in soils
N2 - A wide range of methods are used to estimate the plant-availability of soil phosphorus (P). Published research has shown that the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique has a superior correlation to plant-available P in soils compared to standard chemical extraction tests. In order to identify the plantavailable soil P species, we combined DGT with infrared and P K- and L2,3-edge X-ray adsorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. This was achieved by spectroscopically investigating the dried binding layer of DGT devices after soil deployment. All three spectroscopic methods were able to distinguish between different kinds of phosphates (poly-, trimeta-, pyro- and orthophosphate) on the DGT binding layer. However, infrared spectroscopy was most sensitive to distinguish between different types of adsorbed inorganic and organic phosphates. Furthermore, intermediates of the time-resolved hydrolysis of trimetaphosphate in soil could be analyzed.
KW - Phosphorus plant-availability
KW - X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy
KW - Infrared spectroscopy
KW - Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT)
PY - 2019
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2019.01.037
SN - 0003-2670
VL - 1057
SP - 80
EP - 87
PB - Elsevier
AN - OPUS4-47471
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kratz, S.
A1 - Bloem, E.
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Vogel, Christian
T1 - Pflanzenverfügbarkeit und agronomischen Effizienz von klärschlammbasierten Phosphor(P)-Recyclingdüngern
N2 - Die agronomische Effizienz von Düngemitteln wird üblicherweise im Vegetationsversuch geprüft. Vegetationsversuche erlauben die Betrachtung unterschiedlicher Kulturpflanzen und deren Strategien der Nährstoffmobilisierung und -aneignung ebenso wie die Berücksichtigung verschiedener Substrattypen und deren Eigenschaften hinsichtlich Nährstofffixierung und –freisetzung. Solche Versuche, selbst wenn sie nicht im Feld, sondern nur im Gefäß durchgeführt werden, sind jedoch sowohl zeit- als auch kostenintensiv. In erster Näherung wird die Pflanzenverfügbarkeit insbesondere von Phosphor (P)-Düngemitteln daher herkömmlicherweise mit Hilfe standardisierter chemischer Extraktionsmethoden abgeschätzt, deren Durchführung in der deutschen ebenso wie in der europäischen Düngemittelverordnung normiert ist. Diese Methoden werden auch im Rahmen der staatlichen Düngemittelverkehrskontrolle genutzt, um die Einhaltung düngemittelrechtlicher Vorgaben zu überprüfen. Wie jüngere Arbeiten gezeigt haben, ist jedoch die Übertragung herkömmlicher Standardextraktionsmethoden auf neue Dünger aus Recyclingmaterialien wie Klärschlamm mit einigen Schwierigkeiten verbunden, Korrelationen zwischen P-Aufnahme im Vegetationsversuch und chemischer Löslichkeit im Standardextrakt sind oft nur mäßig bis schwach oder überhaupt nicht signifikant. Die vorliegende Literaturübersicht gibt einen Überblick zum aktuellen Stand des Wissens über die chemische Löslichkeit von klärschlammbasierten P-Recyclingdüngern, deren Effizienz im Vegetationsversuch und statistische Relationen zwischen beiden Parametern. Anschließend werden alternative Methoden zur Abschätzung der P-Verfügbarkeit von Recyclingdüngern vorgestellt, die derzeit Gegenstand der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion sind.
T2 - Berliner Klärschlammkonferenz
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 05.11.2018
KW - Düngemittel
KW - Phosphor
KW - Klärschlamm
PY - 2018
AN - OPUS4-46503
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Kugler, Stefan
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
T1 - Phosphorus recovery from waste streams for fertilizer production
N2 - Phosphorus (P) plays an essential role in the global food security. However, the global P reservoirs have a statistic lifetime of about 385 years only. Due to the scarcity of P and the increasing world population an efficient and sustainable recycling management is required. A few biogenic waste materials are high in P contents such as sewage sludge and meat and bone meal. Thus, they are suitable for P recycling and fertilizer production. But besides the high P content sewage sludge is often highly contaminated with organic pollutants and toxic heavy metals which have to be eliminated before agricultural field application. In this presentation we show the potential of sewage sludge as secondary resource for fertilizers. This includes our developments in thermochemical processes for the production of novel P-fertilizers from recycled materials. Furthermore, for these novel P-fertilizers common extraction tests to determine the plant-available P are often unusable. Therefore, we successfully applied the Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) techniques to analyse the plant-availability of P-fertilizers from recycled materials.
T2 - Eingeladener Vortrag an der University of South Australia
CY - Mawson Lakes, Australia
DA - 22.11.2018
KW - Phosphorus recovery
KW - Sewage sludge
KW - Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT)
PY - 2018
AN - OPUS4-46764
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Sekine, R.
A1 - Steckenmesser, D.
A1 - Lombi, E.
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Zuin, L.
A1 - Wang, D.
A1 - Félix, R.
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Combining diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and spectroscopic techniques for the determination of phosphorus species in soils
N2 - A wide range of methods are used to estimate the plant-availability of soil phosphorus (P). Published research has shown that the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique has a superior correlation to plant-available P in soils compared to standard chemical extraction tests. In order to identify the plant-available soil P species, we combined DGT with infrared and P K- and L-edge X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. This was achieved by spectroscopically investigating the dried binding layer of DGT devices after soil deployment. All three spectroscopic methods were able to distinguish between different kinds of phosphates (poly-, trimeta-, pyro- and orthophosphate) on the DGT binding layer. However, infrared spectroscopy was most sensitive to distinguish between different types of adsorbed inorganic and organic phosphates. Additionally, also intermediates of the time-resolved hydrolysis of trimetaphosphate in soil could be analyzed. Furthermore, infrared and XANES microspectroscopy make it also possible to analyze P compounds on the binding layer with a lateral resolution down to 1 µm2. Therefore, P species of a spatial soil segment (e.g. rhizosphere) can be mapped and analyzed.
T2 - Phosphorus in Soil and Plants (PSP6)
CY - Leuven, Belgium
DA - 10.09.2018
KW - Soil P species
KW - Spectroscopy
KW - DGT
PY - 2018
AN - OPUS4-45961
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Sekine, R.
A1 - Steckenmesser, D.
A1 - Steffens, D.
A1 - Huthwelker, T.
A1 - Borca, C.
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Effect of Nitrification Inhibitor on Nitrogen Forms in Soil analyzed by Nitrogen K edge micro XANES Spectroscopy
N2 - Specific co-fertilization of nutrients can enhance their plant-availability and thus the yield of plants. To investigate this effect, we performed a pot experiment with three different P-fertilizers and ammonium nitrate sulfate as a co-fertilizer, without and with a nitrification inhibitor (NI), and analyzed the form of nitrogen (N) in the soil via novel X-ray spectroscopic method. The application of NI with the N fertilizer led to a higher dry matter yield of maize. Novel N K-edge micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (micro-XANES) spectroscopy identified that the application of a NI promotes the temporary formation of a non-exchangeable N in detectable hot-spots in the soil. The subsequent slow release and prolonged availability of N during plant growth leads to higher yield. It can be concluded that NIs lead to a temporary fixation of ammonium-N in a pool that can be accessed by plant roots. Those types of available nutrient pools meet the idea of so-called “next generation fertilizers” as plants have access to nutrients according to their current demand.
T2 - Workshop for X-ray and neutron imaging applications in soil sciences
CY - Lund, Sweden
DA - 17.06.2019
KW - Nitrogen
KW - Phosphorus recycling
KW - Fertilizer
KW - XANES spectroscopy
KW - Pot experiment
PY - 2019
AN - OPUS4-48237
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gentzmann, Marie
A1 - Schraut, Katharina
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Gäbler, H.-E.
A1 - Huthwelker, T.
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Investigation of scandium in bauxite residues of different origin
N2 - This paper focuses on the scandium speciation in bauxite residues of different origin. Insights into mineralchemical similarities and differences of these materials will be presented and links to their natural geological background discussed. The presented research should provide fundamental knowledge for the future development of efficient and viable technologies for Sc-recovery from bauxite residues derived from different bauxites and accumulating at different localities. In total, five bauxite residues were investigated which originated from Greece, Germany, Hungary and Russia (North Ural & North Timan) using a combination of different analytical tools. Those included: laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray absorption near Edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, μ-Raman spectroscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analyses. X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to determine the overall chemical composition. The investigated samples were found to exhibit a relatively homogenous distribution of Sc between the larger mineral particles and the fine-grained matrix except for Al-phases like diaspore, boehmite and gibbsite. These phases were found to be particularly low in Sc. The only sample where Sc mass fractions in Al-phases exceeded 50 mg/kg was the Russian sample from North Ural. Fe-phases such as goethite, hematite and chamosite (for Russian samples) were more enriched in Sc than the Al-phases.
In fact, in Greek samples goethite showed a higher capacity to incorporate or adsorb Sc than hematite. Accessory minerals like zircon, rutile/anatase and ilmenite were found to incorporate higher mass fractions of Sc (>150 mg/kg), however, those minerals are only present in small amounts and do not represent major host phases for Sc. In Russian samples from North Ural an additional Ca–Mg rich phase was found to contain significant mass fractions of Sc (>500 mg/kg). μ-XANES spectroscopy was able to show that Sc in bauxite residue occurs adsorbed onto mineral surfaces as well as incorporated into the crystal lattice of certain Fe-phases. According to our observations the bauxite type, i.e. karstic or lateritic, the atmospheric conditions during bauxitization, i.e. oxidizing or reducing, and consequently the dominant Sc-bearing species in the primary Bauxite influence the occurrence of Sc in bauxite residues. In karstic bauxites, underlying carbonate rocks can work as a pH-barrier and stabilize Sc. This prevents the Sc from being mobilized and removed during bauxitization. Hence, karstic bauxites are more prone to show a Sc enrichment than lateritic bauxites. Reducing conditions during bauxitization support the incorporation of Sc into clay minerals such as chamosite, which can dissolve and reprecipitate during Bayer processing causing Sc to be redistributed and primarily adsorb onto mineral surfaces in the bauxite residue. Oxidizing conditions support the incorporation of Sc into the crystal lattice of Fe-oxides and hydroxides, which are not affected in the Bayer process. The genetic history of the bauxite is therefore the major influential factor for the Sc occurrence in bauxite residues.
KW - Sc recovery
KW - Scandium
KW - Bauxite Residue
KW - Red Mud
KW - XANES
PY - 2021
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2021.104898
SN - 0883-2927
VL - 126
SP - 104898
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-52123
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Huang, L.
T1 - Ammonium and nitrate in agricultural soils analyzed with the Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films technique
N2 - The aim of this study was to investigate the passive sampler method Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) for ammonium and nitrate in amended soils. Therefore, we used soils from a pot experiment with maize where nitrogen (N) was supplied as ammonium sulfate nitrate (ASN), without and with a nitrification inhibitor (NI). The additional use of a NI can delay the nitrification in the soil and making the ammonium available for a longer period in the soil solution after its application. Homogenized soil samples were collected directly from each pot after one week of incubation before sowing and after harvesting the maize. Nitrate and ammonium in these soil samples were extracted using DGT devices equipped with a Putolite A520E (for nitrate) and Microlite PrCH (for ammonium) binding layer. Ammonium DGT which determined the mobile and labile ammonium forms based on diffusion and the resupplies from the solid soil phase, only showed a significantly higher amount of extractable ammonium with NI compared to that without NI for some samples. However, significantly lower values were found for nitrate of treatments with NI compared to without NI after harvest. Thus, the lower nitrate amounts for treatments with NI compared to the treatments without NI after harvest indicated the delay of the nitrification process by the NI. Furthermore, we compared also the ammonium and nitrate
DGT results to chemical extraction with KCl solutions. The results demonstrated that the trends of DGT results and chemical extraction were complimentary through all the treatments.
T2 - International Passive Sampling Workshop (IPSW) 2021 virtual
CY - Online meeting
DA - 04.11.2021
KW - Phosphorus
KW - Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT)
KW - Ammonium
KW - Nitrate
PY - 2021
AN - OPUS4-53698
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Krüger, O.
A1 - Gentzmann, Marie
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Can we use passive samplers for the determination of chromium(VI) in phosphorus fertilizers?
N2 - Phosphorus (P) fertilizers from secondary resources became increasingly important in the last years. However, these novel P-fertilizers can also contain toxic pollutants. Chromium in its hexavalent state (Cr(VI)) is regulated with low limit values for agricultural products due to its high toxicity, but the determination of Cr(VI) in these novel fertilizer matrices can be hampered by redox processes that lead to false results. Thus, we applied the passive sampler technique Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) for the determination of Cr(VI) in fertilizers and compared the results with the standard wet chemical extraction method (German norm DIN EN 15192) and Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. We determined an overall good correlation between the wet chemical extraction and the DGT method. DGT was very sensitive and in most cases selective for the analysis of Cr(VI) in P-fertilizers. However, hardly soluble Cr(VI) compounds cannot be detected with the DGT method since only mobile Cr(VI) is analyzed. Furthermore, Cr K-edge XANES spectroscopy showed that the DGT binding layer also adsorbs small amounts of mobile Cr(III) compounds which leads to overestimated Cr(VI) values. The results of certain types of P-fertilizers containing mobile Cr(III) or partly immobile Cr(VI), showed that optimization of the DGT method is required to avoid over- or underestimation of Cr(VI).
T2 - International Passive Sampling Workshop (IPSW) 2021 virtual
CY - Online meeting
DA - 04.11.2021
KW - Phosphorus
KW - Sewage sludge
KW - Chromium
KW - Fertilizer
PY - 2021
AN - OPUS4-53699
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Roesch, Philipp
A1 - Wittwer, Philipp
A1 - Piechotta, Christian
A1 - Lisec, Jan
A1 - Sommerfeld, Thomas
A1 - Kluge, Stephanie
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Sewage Sludge and Wastewater-based Fertilizers
N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemicals which were developed to improve humanity’s quality of life. Due to their high chemical stability and resistance to degradation by heat or acids, PFAS were used in a variety of consumer products. The continuous use of PFAS in household products and the discharge of PFAS from industrial plants into the sewer system resulted in the contamination of effluents and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (Roesch et al. 2022). Since sewage sludge is often used as fertilizer, its application on agricultural soils has been observed as a significant entry path for PFAS into the environment, specifically in our food chain. In Germany the sewage sludge/biosolid application on agricultural land was banned with the amendment of the German Sewage Sludge Ordinance and by 2029 sewage sludge application will be totally prohibited. However, phosphorus (P) from sewage sludge should still be recycled in WWTPs of cities with a population larger than 50,000 residents. To produce high-quality P-fertilizers for a circular economy, PFAS and other pollutants (e.g. pesticides and pharmaceuticals) must be separated from sewage sludge. Due to the strong diversity of industrial PFAS usage it is not clear if a safe application of novel recycled P-fertilizers from WWTPs can be guaranteed. Therefore, we analyzed various sewage sludges and wastewater-based fertilizers. Sewage sludge (SL) samples from various WWTPs in Germany and Switzerland, six sewage sludge ashes (SSA) from Germany, six thermally treated SL and SSA samples with different additives (temperatures: 700-1050 °C), two pyrolyzed SL samples (temperature: 400 °C) and two struvite samples from Germany and Canada were analyzed. The goal was to quantify PFAS in sewage sludges and wastewater-based P-fertilizers with the sum parameter extractable organic fluorine (EOF) by combustion ion chromatography (CIC). The results were compared with data from classical LC-MS/MS target analysis as well as selected samples by HR-MS suspect screening. The EOF values of the SLs mainly range between 154 and 538 µg/kg except for one SL which showed an elevated EOF value of 7209 µg/kg due to high organofluorine contamination. For the SSA samples the EOF values were lower and values between LOQ (approx. 60 µg/kg) and 121 µg/kg could be detected. For the pyrolyzed SLs no EOF values above the LOQ were detected. Moreover, the two wastewater-based struvite fertilizers contain 96 and 112 µg/kg EOF, respectively. In contrast to the EOF values, the sum of PFAS target values were relatively low for all SLs. Additional applied PFAS HR-MS suspect screening aimed to tentatively identify PFAS that could contribute to the hitherto unknown part of the EOF value. The majority of the detected fluorinated compounds are legacy PFAS such as short- and long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA), perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSA), polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters (PAPs) and perfluorophosphonic acids (PFPA). Moreover, fluorinated pesticides, pharmaceutical as well as aromatic compounds were also identified, which are all included in the EOF parameter. Our research revealed that the current PFAS limit of 100 µg/kg for the sum of PFOS + PFOA in the German Fertilizer Ordinance is no longer up to date. Since the number of known PFAS already exceeds 10,000, the ordinance limit should be updated accordingly. Recent regulations and restrictions on using long-chain PFAS (≥C8) have resulted in a significant shift in the industry towards (ultra-)short-chain alternatives, and other, partly unknown, emerging PFAS. Ultimately, also fluorinated pesticides and pharmaceuticals, which end up as ultrashort PFAS in the WWTPs, have to be considered as possible pollutants in fertilizers from wastewater, too.
T2 - Dioxin Konferenz
CY - Maastricht, Netherlands
DA - 10.09.2023
KW - Combustion Ion Chromatography
KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
KW - Sewage sludge
KW - Fertilizer
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-58345
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Doolette, A.
A1 - Huang, J.
T1 - Combining DGT and 31P NMR spectroscopy to determine phosphorus species in soil
N2 - The amount of plant-available phosphorus (P) in soil strongly influences the yield of plants in agriculture. Therefore, various simple chemical extraction methods have been developed to estimate the plant-available P pools in soil. More recently, several experiments with the DGT technique have shown that it has a much better correlation to plant-available P in soils than standard chemical extraction methods (e.g. calcium-acetate-lactate (CAL), Colwell, Olsen, water) when soils with different characteristics are considered. However, the DGT technique cannot give information on the plant-available P species in the soil. Therefore, we combined DGT with solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This was achieved by using a modified DGT device in which the diffusive layer had a larger pore size, the binding layer incorporated an adsorption material with a higher capacity, and the device had a larger exposure area. The spectroscopic investigation was undertaken after elution of the deployed DGT binding layer in a NaOH solution. Adsorption tests using solutions of known organic P compounds showed that a sufficient amount of these compounds could be adsorbed on the binding layer in order for them to be analyzed by solution 31P NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, various intermediates of the hydrolysis of trimetaphosphate in soil could be also analyzed over time.
T2 - DGT Konferenz
CY - Paris, France
DA - 11.10.2023
KW - Soil
KW - Phosphorus
KW - Plant-availability
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-58574
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Grevel, K.-D.
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Dachs, E.
A1 - Benisek, A.
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Majzlan, J.
T1 - Thermodynamic properties of calcium alkali phosphates Ca(Na,K)PO4
N2 - Calcium alkali phosphates Ca(Na,K)PO4 are main constituents of bioceramics and thermochemically produced phosphorus fertilizers because of their bioavailability. Sparse thermodynamic data are available for the endmembers CaNaPO4 and CaKPO4. In this work, the missing data were determined for the low-temperature phase modifications of the endmembers CaNaPO4 and CaKPO4 and three intermediate Ca(Na,K)PO4 compositions. Standard enthalpy of formation ranges from - 2018.3 ± 2.2 kJ mol-1 to - 2030.5 ± 2.1 kJ mol-1 and standard entropy from 137.2 ± 1.0 J mol-1 K-1 to 148.6 ± 1.0 J mol-1 K-1 from sodium endmember b-CaNaPO4 to potassium endmember b0-CaKPO4.
Thermodynamic functions are calculated up to 1400 K for endmembers and the sodium-rich intermediate phase b-Ca(Na0.93K0.07)PO4. Functions above 640 K are extrapolated because of the phase transition from low- to high-temperature phase. Impurities in the synthesized intermediate phases c-Ca(Na0.4K0.6)PO4 and c-Ca Na0.35K0.65)PO4 and one additional phase transition around 500 K impeded the determination of high-temperature thermodynamic functions. In general, data for phase transition temperatures agree with the previously reported phase diagrams.
KW - Formation enthalpy
KW - Heat capacity
KW - Phase transformation
KW - Bioceramics
KW - Phosphorus fertilizer
KW - Entropy
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-507640
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04615-5
VL - 55
SP - 8477
EP - 8490
PB - Springer
AN - OPUS4-50764
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Klärschlammasche Monitoring 2022/23 - Erste Ergebnisse: P Löslichkeiten & Schwermetalle
N2 - Im Rahmen des BMBF Projektes R-Rhenania wurden von fast allen Monoverbrennungsanlagen in Deutschland Klärschlammasche-Probeneingesammelt. Diese Aschen wurden auf die Gesamtchemie-Zusammensetzung, Schwermetalle und die Löslichkeit des Phosphates untersucht.
T2 - 95. Sitzung des DWA Fachausschusses KEK 3
CY - Hannover, Germany
DA - 27.11.2023
KW - Phosphor
KW - Monoverbrennungsanlage
KW - Neutralammoniumcitrat
KW - Zitronensäure
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-59437
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
T1 - Phosphorus recovery in Germany – recent developments
N2 - The recent developments of phosphorus recovery in Germany were presented. The funding program RePhoR was introduced with focus on the demonstration project R-Rhenania that is coordinated by BAM.
T2 - Green Deal 2020 conference
CY - Online-Meeting
DA - 14.12.2020
KW - Phopshorus recovery
KW - Waste water treatment
KW - Recycling fertiliser
PY - 2020
AN - OPUS4-51837
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
T1 - R-Rhenania - Modifiziertes Rhenania Phosphat aus Klärschlammasche für Bayern
N2 - Im Verbundprojekt R-Rhenania wird eine industrielle Demonstrationsanlage am Standort der Monoverbrennungsanlage Altenstadt der Firma Emter errichtet und im Jahr 2024 den Betrieb aufnehmen. Die vorhandene Rostfeuerung-Monoverbrennung wird so umgebaut, dass ein neues thermochemisches Verfahren integriert werden kann, welches hochwirksame und schadstoffarme Dünger produziert (bis zu 17.000 t/a). Die thermochemischen Produkte werden in Gefäß- und Feldversuchen im ökologischen Landbau auf ihre Düngewirkung getestet. Die Umweltverträglichkeit der Demonstrationsanlage wird untersucht, wie auch die Übertragbarkeit des Verfahrens auf weitere Regionen.
T2 - Statusseminar RePhoR
CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany
DA - 03.05.2023
KW - Phosphor
KW - Monoverbrennung
KW - Recycling
KW - Nährstoffe
KW - Dünger
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-59486
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dombinov, V.
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Meiller, M.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Willbold, S.
A1 - Zang, J. W.
A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A.
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Klose, H.
A1 - Poorter, H.
A1 - Jablonowski, N. D.
A1 - Schrey, S. D.
T1 - Sugarcane bagasse ash as fertilizer for soybeans: Effects of added residues on ash composition, mineralogy, phosphorus extractability and plant availability
N2 - Sugarcane bagasse is commonly combusted to generate energy. Unfortunately, recycling strategies rarely consider the resulting ash as a potential fertilizer. To evaluate this recycling strategy for a sustainable circular economy, we characterized bagasse ash as a fertilizer and measured the effects of co-gasification and co-combustion of bagasse with either chicken manure or sewage sludge: on the phosphorus (P) mass fraction, P-extractability, and mineral P phases. Furthermore, we investigated the ashes as fertilizer for soybeans under greenhouse conditions. All methods in combination are reliable indicators helping to assess and predict P availability from ashes to soybeans. The fertilizer efficiency of pure bagasse ash increased with the ash amount supplied to the substrate. Nevertheless, it was not as effective as fertilization with triple-superphosphate and K2SO4, which we attributed to lower P availability. Co-gasification and co-combustion increased the P mass fraction in all bagasse-based ashes, but its extractability and availability to soybeans increased only when co-processed with chicken manure, because it enabled the formation of readily available Ca-alkali phosphates. Therefore, we recommend co-combusting biomass with alkali-rich residues to increase the availability of P from the ash to plants.
KW - Combustion and gasification
KW - Phosphate extractability and availability
KW - X-ray diffraction (XRD)
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567632
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1041924
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-56763
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Dombinov, V.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Willbold, S.
A1 - Levandowski, G. V.
A1 - Meiller, M.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Zang, J. W.
A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A.
A1 - Jablonowski, N. D.
A1 - Schrey, S. D.
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Soybean Fertilized by P-Phases from Bagasse-Based Materials: P-Extraction Procedures, Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT), and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD)
N2 - The Brazilian sugarcane industry produced around 173 million tons (Mt) of bagasse in 2018. Bagasse is a by-product of juice extraction for ethanol and sugar production and is combusted in order to generate power, producing up to 10 Mt of ash per year. This ash contains various concentrations of plant nutrients, which allow the ash to be used as a crop fertilizer. However, the concentration and extractability of phosphorus (P), an essential plant nutrient, are low in bagasse ash. To increase the P content, we co-gasified and co-combusted bagasse with P-rich chicken manure. The resulting ash was thermochemically post-treated with alkali additives (Na2SO4 and K2SO4) to increase the availability of P to plants. We aimed to: (i) investigate the effect of thermochemical post-treatment of co-gasification residue and co-combustion ash on P availability to soybeans, (ii) explore the potential of chemical extraction methods (citric acid, neutral ammonium citrate, formic acid, and Mehlich-I) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) to predict the availability of P to soybeans, and (iii) identify the responsible P-phases using X-ray diffraction . We evaluated P availability to soybeans growing in Brazilian Oxisol soil in two independent greenhouse pot experiments. The positive effect of thermochemical treatment on P availability from gasification residue was confirmed through the observation of increased P uptake and biomass in soybean plants. These findings were confirmed by chemical extraction methods and DGT. The gasification residue contained whitlockite as its main P-bearing phase. Thermochemical post-treatment converted whitlockite into highly soluble CaNaPO4. In contrast, co-combustion ash already contained highly soluble Ca(Na,K)PO4 as its main P-bearing phase, making thermochemical post-treatment unnecessary for increasing P availability. In conclusion, increased extractability and availability of P for soybeans were closely connected to the formation of calcium alkali phosphate. Our findings indicate that this combined methodology allows for the prediction of P-fertilization effects of ash.
KW - Sugar cane bagasse
KW - Chicken manure ash
KW - Thermochemical treatment
KW - Nutrient
KW - Plant availability
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-509735
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060895
VL - 10
SP - 895
EP - 6
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-50973
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Kugler, Stefan Anton
A1 - Schaaf, T.
A1 - Adam, Christian
ED - Holm, O.
ED - Thome-Kozmiensky, E.
ED - Quicker, P.
ED - Kopp-Assenmacher, S.
T1 - Herstellung neuer Düngemittelausgangsstoffe durch thermochemische Behandlung von Klärschlammaschen
N2 - Klärschlammasche kann viel Phosphor enthalten (bis zu 12%). Aus diesem Grund ist diese Asche ein gutes Ausgangsmaterial für Phosphordünger. Aufgrund der geringen Pflanzenverfügbarkeit des Phosphors in der Asche ist eine Aufbereitung notwendig.
In diesem Buchbeitrag wird das thermochemische Verfahren AshDec vorgestellt, welches von dem Fachbereich 4.4 mit der Firma Outotec entwickelt worden ist. Es werden die Hintergründe diskutiert, die Phasenreaktionen bei diesem Prozess besprochen, Pflanzenversuche ausgewertet, verschiedene Extraktionen diskutiert und ein Konzept für eine mögliche Pilotanlage dargestellt.
KW - Phosphor
KW - Extraktionen
KW - Alkalien
KW - Thermochemisch
PY - 2018
SN - 978-3-94431-043-5
SP - 495
EP - 512
PB - Thome-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH
CY - Neuruppin
AN - OPUS4-46603
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -