TY - JOUR
A1 - Abis, M.
A1 - Bruno, M.
A1 - Kuchta, K.
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Grönholm, R.
A1 - Hoppe, M.
A1 - Fiore, S.
T1 - Assessment of the Synergy between Recycling and Thermal Treatments in Municipal Solid Waste Management in Europe
N2 - In 2018, the production of Municipal SolidWaste (MSW) in EU-28 reached 250.6 Mt, with the adoption of different management strategies, involving recycling (48 wt %), incineration and thermal valorization (29 wt %) and landfilling (23 wt %). This work was based on the analysis of the baseline situation of MSW management in EU-28 in 2018, considering its progress in 2008–2018, and discussed the possible improvement perspectives based on a framework involving incineration and recycling as the only possible alternatives, specifically evaluating the capability of already-existing incineration plants to fulfill the EU needs in the proposed framework. The results of the assessment showed two main crucial issues that could play a pivotal role in the achievement of Circular Economy action plan targets: the need to increase the recycling quotas for specific MSW fractions through the separate collection, and therefore the improvement of definite treatment process chains; the optimization of the recovery of secondary raw materials from incineration bottom ash, involving the Recycling of ferrous and nonferrous metals and the mineral fraction. Both issues need to find an extensive application across all member states to decrease the actual differences in the adoption of sustainable MSW management options.
KW - Bottom ash
KW - Circular economy
KW - Waste treatment
KW - Recycling
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-520285
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236412
SN - 1996-1073
VL - 13
IS - 23
SP - 6412
EP - 6412
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-52028
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Abis, M.
A1 - Bruno, M.
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Grönholm, R.
A1 - Hoppe, M.
A1 - Kuchta, K.
A1 - Fiore, S.
T1 - A Novel Dry Treatment for Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash for the Reduction of Salts and Potential Toxic Elements
N2 - The main obstacle to bottom ash (BA) being used as a recycling aggregate is the content of salts and potential toxic elements (PTEs), concentrated in a layer that coats BA particles. This work presents a dry treatment for the removal of salts and PTEs from BA particles. Two pilotscale abrasion units (with/without the removal of the fine particles) were fed with different BA samples. The performance of the abrasion tests was assessed through the analyses of particle size and moisture, and that of the column leaching tests at solid-to-liquid ratios between 0.3 and 4.
The results were: the particle-size distribution of the treated materials was homogeneous (25 wt % had dimensions <6.3 mm) and their moisture halved, as well as the electrical conductivity of the leachates. A significant decrease was observed in the leachates of the treated BA for sulphates (44%), chlorides (26%), and PTEs (53% Cr, 60% Cu and 8% Mo). The statistical analysis revealed good correlations between chloride and sulphate concentrations in the leachates with Ba, Cu, Mo, and Sr, illustrating the consistent behavior of the major and minor components of the layer surrounding BA particles. In conclusion, the tested process could be considered as promising for the improvement of BA valorization.
KW - Bottom ash
KW - Dry treatment
KW - Potential toxic elements
KW - Salts
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-527963
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14113133
SN - 1996-1944
VL - 14
IS - 11
SP - 3133
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-52796
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Abis, M.
A1 - Bruno, M.
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Grönhom, R.
A1 - Kuchta, K.
A1 - Fiore, S.
ED - Medici, F.
T1 - A Novel Dry Treatment for Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash for the Reduction of Salts and Potential Toxic Elements
N2 - The main obstacle to bottom ash (BA) being used as a recycling aggregate is the content of salts and potential toxic elements (PTEs), concentrated in a layer that coats BA particles. This work presents a dry treatment for the removal of salts and PTEs from BA particles. Two pilotscale abrasion units (with/without the removal of the fine particles) were fed with different BA samples. The performance of the abrasion tests was assessed through the analyses of particle size and moisture, and that of the column leaching tests at solid-to-liquid ratios between 0.3 and 4. The results were: the particle-size distribution of the treated materials was homogeneous (25 wt % had dimensions <6.3 mm) and their moisture halved, as well as the electrical conductivity of the leachates. A significant decrease was observed in the leachates of the treated BA for sulphates (44%),
chlorides (26%), and PTEs (53% Cr, 60% Cu and 8% Mo). The statistical analysis revealed good correlations between chloride and sulphate concentrations in the leachates with Ba, Cu, Mo, and Sr, illustrating the consistent behavior of the major and minor components of the layer surrounding BA particles. In conclusion, the tested process could be considered as promising for the improvement of BA valorization.
KW - Bottom ash
KW - Dry treatment
KW - Municipal solid waste
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-552161
SN - 978-3-0365-3063-5
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14113133
SP - 57
EP - 71
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-55216
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Phosphorus recovery in Germany – recent developments
N2 - The recent developments of phosphorus recovery in Germany were presented. The funding program RePhoR was introduced with focus on the demonstration project R-Rhenania that is coordinated by BAM.
T2 - Green Deal 2020 conference
CY - Online-Meeting
DA - 14.12.2020
KW - Phopshorus recovery
KW - Waste water treatment
KW - Recycling fertiliser
PY - 2020
AN - OPUS4-51837
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Cloop - Closing the global nutrient loop
N2 - Recycled fertilizers produced using processes for the recovery of phosphate from residual materials such as wastewater, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ashes show very good bioavailability, but it is still a product largely unknown to the market. The aim of CLOOP is therefore to document the properties and effects of such fertilizers through chemical, mineralogical and ecological analyses as well as analytical method development and pot and field plant growth trials.
Outotec focused on 3 points in CLOOP: Experimental campaigns, process simulations as well as economic analyses with focus on the AshDec process, respectively the design of a large-scale AshDec plant for phosphorus recovery. The laboratory scale trials as well as the semi-industrial scale campaign provided valuable insights into the operating parameters of the process and the plant. As a result, for example, the temperature range could be significantly lowered, and the additive addition reduced by approx. 20 %. They have further shown that the AshDec process is not susceptible to operating fluctuations and that the product can be consistently produced at high quality. With the selection of suitable operating parameters, heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, (Zn)) can be removed. Within the campaign, about 1.5 t of fertilizer for the plant trials in CLOOP could be produced. An AshDec plant process was digitally created in simulation software, allowing valuable process parameters to be simulated at various operating parameters. On this basis, a full-scale plant was designed. The data obtained in the project were used for a detailed economic analysis including a sensitivity analysis. It was possible to show under which conditions this plant can be operated economically.
At BAM, the AshDec fertilizer was synthesized with different additives and then applied to plant experiments at Uni Bonn. The goal hereby was to check differences in plant uptake. Because of the promising results of AshDec synthesized with sodium-carbonate and because this AshDec version does not require special off gas treatment for sulfur recovery (compared to AshDec synthesized with sodium-sulfate), all project partners agreed on continuing working with this AshDec variation. It was then used as a raw P-source for formulating it into NPK-fertilizers, by granulation with ammonium-sulfate and straw ash as potassium source. These recycling fertilizers were applied to plant- and field experiments by project partners in Brazil (University of Sao Paulo) and Australia (University of Queensland). Furthermore, in leaching experiments, the solubility of phosphorus in AshDec was compared to triple super phosphate. The experiments were carried out on soils with a varying phosphorus buffering index. Results show, that the phosphorus form in AshDec is way less soluble in water. This indicates that AshDec has the potential for a so-called next generation fertilizer – a fertilizer which’s nutrients remain in the soil and supply the plant according to its needs. At the moment, this behavior gets examined more in depth in lysimeter experiments in cooperation with University of Technology Berlin.
The focus of KWB is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of different NextGen fertilizers to evaluate the entire process chain from recovery to fertilizer application. The NextGen fertilizer is credited by the amount of plant available nutrients in the product, which replace nutrients from conventional fertilizer. The LCA covers N-struvite precipitation from municipal wastewater, K-struvite precipitation from industrial wastewater and the AshDec-product from sewage sludge. The LCA task is almost complete. It could be shown that struvite precipitation has comprehensive environmental benefits, mainly since positive side effects occur in sewage sludge treatment (e.g. reduced sludge volume). In principle, the energetic and ecological profile of the AshDec process compared to direct use of sewage sludge ash cannot be assessed as being generally beneficial or negative. Regarding the global warming potential, the Ashdec process shows that the expenses (e.g. energy, chemicals) cannot be covered by the P fertilizer credit. In contrast, the impact categories “terrestrial acidification potential”, and “freshwater eutrophication potential” show positive results as the credits for conventional fertilizer are higher than the burdens for the process.
At University Bonn, the standardized pot experiments were conducted with several AshDec variations, using ryegrass, soybean, and spinach on a slightly acidic sandy soil and an organic-free standard substrate. P-uptake and biomass production of different AshDec variations were generally like those of triple super phosphate and struvite, and clearly outperformed untreated sewage sludge ash and rock phosphate. Field trials in Australia and Brazil with sugarcane on acidic soils are still ongoing and results are expected by the end of 2021.
T2 - PLANT 2030 Status Seminar 2021 (BMBF)
CY - Online meeting
DA - 10.03.2021
KW - Recycling fertiliser
KW - Phosphorus recovery
PY - 2021
AN - OPUS4-52251
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart
A1 - Neuhold, S.
A1 - Drissen, P.
A1 - Algermissen, D.
A1 - Presoly, P.
A1 - Sedlazeck, K. P.
A1 - Schenk, J.
A1 - Raith, J. G.
A1 - Pomberger, R.
A1 - Vollprecht, D.
T1 - Tailoring the FeO/SiO2 ratio in electric arc furnace slags to minimize the leaching of Vanadium and Chromium
N2 - Based on recently published research on leaching control mechanisms in electric arc furnace (EAF) slags, it is assumed that a FeO/SiO2 ratio of around one leads to low leached V and Cr concentrations. This ratio influences the mineral phase composition of the slag toward higher amounts of spinel and a lower solubility of calcium silicate phases by suppressing the formation of magnesiowuestite and highly soluble calcium silicate phases. To evaluate this hypothesis, laboratory and scaled up tests in an EAF pilot plant were performed on slag samples characterized by elevated V and Cr leaching and a high FeO/SiO2 ratio. Prior to the melting experiments, the optimum FeO/SiO2 ratio was calculated via FactSageTM. In the melting experiments, the ratio was adjusted by adding quartz sand, which also decreased the basicity (CaO/SiO2) of the slag. As a reference, remelting experiments without quartz sand addition were conducted and additionally, the influence of the cooling rate of the slag was examined. The remelted (without quartz sand) and the remelted modified slags (with quartz sand) were analyzed chemically and mineralogically and the leaching behavior was investigated. The modification of the slags yielded a minimized release of V and Cr, supporting the hypothesis that the FeO/SiO2 ratio influences the mineralogy and the leaching behavior.
KW - Electric arc furnace slags
KW - FactSage calculations
KW - EAF slags
KW - Leaching control mechanisms
KW - Melting experiments
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-507748
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072549
VL - 10
IS - 7
SP - 2549
EP - 2565
AN - OPUS4-50774
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Altmann, Korinna
T1 - Seasonal microplastic concentrations along the rivers Rhine and Danube
N2 - Over the last 20 years, many researchers, politicians and citizens have become increasingly aware of the growing plastic problem of our time. A lack of recycling concepts and plastic collection points as well as careless dumping lead to accumulation of plastic products in the environment. Natural weathering can cause these plastics to degrade and fractionate, meaning that microplastics (1 1,000 µm, ISO/TR 21960:2020) and nanoplastics (< 1 µm, ISO/TR 21960:2020) of various synthetic polymer materials can now be detected in all parts of the world. Whether microplastics or nanoplastics pose a toxicological hazard is being investigated in a variety of ways. Valid results are still pending. However, the EU precautionary principle applies to micro- and nanoplastics. Monitoring of microplastics is already required in the revision of the Drinking Water and Wastewater Framework Directive.
Reliable monitoring of rivers can be carried out by sampling with sedimentation boxes and microplastic detection by using thermal extraction desorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) in routine operation (Figure 1). The river Rhine was sampled for microplastic masses at three different sampling locations over a period of one year and in addition the Danube at randomized sampling locations The TED-GC/MS results showed that various synthetic polymers frequently produced in industry, such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polystyrene as well as the tire compound styrene-butadiene rubber were found. The work not only shows a possible workflow for monitoring concepts, but also provides information on environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastics and tire components in surface waters. This in turn is necessary for ecotoxicological studies.
T2 - ESOPS
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 09.09.2024
KW - Microplastics
KW - TED-GC/MS
KW - Polymer 3R
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-61016
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bandow, N.
A1 - Aitken, M. D.
A1 - Geburtig, Anja
A1 - Kalbe, Ute
A1 - Piechotta, Christian
A1 - Schoknecht, Ute
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Stephan, Ina
T1 - Using Environmental Simulations to Test the Release of Hazardous Substances from Polymer-Based Products: Are Realism and Pragmatism Mutually Exclusive Objectives?
N2 - The potential release of hazardous substances from polymer-based products is currently in the focus of environmental policy. Environmental simulations are applied to expose such products to selected aging conditions and to investigate release processes. Commonly applied aging exposure types such as solar and UV radiation in combination with water contact, corrosive gases, and soil contact as well as expected general effects on polymers and additional ingredients of polymer-based products are described. The release of substances is based on mass-transfer processes to the material surfaces. Experimental approaches to investigate transport processes that are caused by water contact are presented. For tailoring the tests, relevant aging exposure types and release quantification methods must be combined appropriately. Several studies on the release of hazardous substances such as metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, flame retardants, antioxidants, and carbon nanotubes from polymers are summarized exemplarily. Differences between natural and artificial exposure tests are discussed and demonstrated for the release of flame retardants from several polymers and for biocides from paints. Requirements and limitations to apply results from short-term artificial environmental exposure tests to predict long-term environmental behavior of polymers are presented.
KW - Environmental simulations
KW - Polymer-based products
KW - Artificial weathering
KW - Degradation
KW - Leaching
KW - Soil contact
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-509310
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122709
SN - 1996-1944
VL - 13
IS - 12
SP - Paper 2709, 22
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Switzerland
AN - OPUS4-50931
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Becker, Roland
A1 - Scholz, Philipp
A1 - Jung, Christian
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - Thermo-Desorption Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for investigating the thermal degradation of polyurethanes
N2 - Thermo-Desorption Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) was used to investigate the thermal degradation of two different polyurethanes (PU). PU samples were heated at different heating rates and the desorbed products were collected in a cold injection system and thereafter submitted to GC-MS. Prospects and limitations of the detection and quantification of semi-volatile degradation products were investigated. A temperature dependent PU depolymerization was
found at temperatures above 200 °C proved by an increasing release of 1,4-butanediol and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) representing the main building blocks of both polymers. Their release was monitored quantitatively based on external calibration with authentic compounds. Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) of the residues obtained after thermodesorption confirmed the initial competitive degradation mechanism indicating an equilibrium of crosslinking and depolymerization as previously suggested. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry of SEC fractions of thermally degraded PUs provided additional hints on degradation mechanism.
KW - Thermo-desorption
KW - Mass spectrometry
KW - Polyurethanes
KW - Thermal degradation
PY - 2023
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D3AY00173C
SN - 1759-9660
SP - 1
EP - 6
PB - Royal Society for Chemistry
AN - OPUS4-57307
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Ben Efraim, R.
T1 - Comparison of PFAS Adsorption and Electro-Sorption Using Pristine and Functionalized MWCNTs
N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been extensively utilized in various industrial processes, resulting in elevated concentrations in landfills and drinking water reservoirs. Despite recognizing that shortchained
PFAS are harmful, they are often overlooked. Short-chain PFAS are more challenging to remove via adsorption and membrane separation processes, and their detection is complex, thus creating a critical gap in understanding their environmental impact. To improve their environmental monitoring, we aim to improve short-chain PFAS adsorption and electro-sorption on novel carbon-based adsorbers such as pristine and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and assess their adsorption mechanisms. Based on the obtained result, we aim to develop a PFAS passive sampling device.
T2 - German Israeli Water Technology Status Seminar
CY - Koblenz, Germany
DA - 18.06.2024
KW - Ground water
KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
KW - Sorption
PY - 2024
AN - OPUS4-60329
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Birke, V.
T1 - Innovation Network PerFluSan
N2 - Per und polyfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) werden im Rahmen ihres breiten industriellen Einsatzes in die Umwelt eingebracht, wo sie aufgrund ihrer kritischen Eigenschaften ein Problem darstellen. Der nachhaltige Schutz von Mensch und Umwelt vor dieser Stoffgruppe ist eine wichtige Zukunftsaufgabe. Verfügbare PFAS-Reinigungs- und -Sanierungsverfahren sind jedoch teuer und oftmals unzulänglich. PerFluSan möchte einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Lösung dieses Problems leisten, indem hier neue PFAS-Sanierungsverfahren für Böden und Wässer, sowie innovative analytische Methoden zum PFAS-Nachweis entwickelt werden.
Die langfristige Vision ist es, PerFluSan zu einer nationalen Anlaufstelle der PFAS-Thematik auszubauen, die mit Hilfe der Synergien zwischen den PerFluSan-Akteuren alle Aspekte der Problematik ganzheitlich, nachhaltig und effektiv adressiert.
N2 - Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are transferred into the environment as part of their broad industrial use, where they pose a problem due to their critical properties. The sustainable protection of people and the environment from this group of substances is an important task for the future. However, available PFAS removal and remediation processes are expensive and often inadequate. PerFluSan would like to make a relevant contribution to solve this problem by developing new PFAS remediation methods for soils and water, as well as innovative analytical methods for PFAS detection.
The long-term vision is to develop PerFluSan into a national contact point for the PFAS topic, which uses synergies between the PerFluSan actors to address all aspects of the problem holistically, sustainably and effectively.
T2 - International Online – Conference PFAS - Dealing with contaminants of emerging concern
CY - Online meeting
DA - 30.11.2020
KW - Perfluorierte Verbindungen
KW - Sanierung
KW - PFAS
PY - 2020
AN - OPUS4-51700
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Blasenbauer, D.
A1 - Huber, F.
A1 - Lederer, J.
A1 - Quina, M.
A1 - Blanc-Biscarat, D.
A1 - Bogush, A.
A1 - Bontempi, E.
A1 - Blondeau, J.
A1 - Chimenos, J.
A1 - Dahlbo, H.
A1 - Fagerqvist, J.
A1 - Giro-Paloma, J.
A1 - Hjelmar, O.
A1 - Hyks, J.
A1 - Keaney, J.
A1 - Lupsea-Toader, M.
A1 - O’Caollai, C.
A1 - Orupõld, K.
A1 - Pajak, T.
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Svecova, L.
A1 - Syc, M.
A1 - Uvang, R.
A1 - Vaajasaari, K.
A1 - van Caneghem, J.
A1 - van Zomeren, A.
A1 - Vasarevičius, S.
A1 - Wégner, K.
A1 - Fellner, J.
T1 - Legal situation and current practice of waste incineration bottom ash utilisation in Europe
N2 - Almost 500 municipal solid waste incineration plants in the EU, Norway and Switzerland generate about 17.6 Mt/a of incinerator bottom ash (IBA). IBA contains minerals and metals. Metals are mostly separated and sold to the scrap market and minerals are either disposed of in landfills or utilised in the construction sector. Since there is no uniform regulation for IBA utilisation at EU level, countries developed own rules with varying requirements for utilisation. As a result from a cooperation network between European experts an up-to-date overview of documents regulating IBA utilisation is presented. Furthermore, this work highlights the different requirements that have to be considered. Overall, 51 different parameters for the total content and 36 different parameters for the emission by leaching are defined. An analysis of the defined parameter reveals that leaching parameters are significantly more to be considered compared to total content parameters. In order to assess the leaching behaviour nine different leaching tests, including batch tests, up-flow percolation tests and one diffusion test (monolithic materials) are in place.
A further discussion of leaching parameters showed that certain countries took over limit values initially defined for landfills for inert waste and adopted them for IBA utilisation. The overall utilisation rate of IBA in construction works is approximately 54 wt%. It is revealed that the rate of utilisation does not necessarily depend on how well regulated IBA utilisation is, but rather seems to be a result of political commitment for IBA recycling and economically interesting circumstances.
KW - Bottom ash
KW - Leaching tests
KW - Utilisation
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-500161
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.031
SN - 0956-053X
VL - 102
SP - 868
EP - 883
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-50016
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Blotevogel, J.
T1 - Thermal Destruction of PFAS
N2 - Thermal treatment processes are currently the only full-scale option for thedestruction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in large waste streams. While all organic molecules including PFAS are susceptible to thermal destruction, their decomposition rates are controlled by process variables such as temperature, reaction atmosphere, and residence time. Concerns exist about the formation of products of incomplete destruction and their emission from hazardous waste incinerators. This talk will summarize the current stateof-the-art of thermal PFAS destruction, identify research needs, and showcase future research designed to address critical knowledge gaps.
T2 - Department of Defense's (DoD) Energy and Environment Innovation Symposium
CY - Washington DC, USA
DA - 28.11.2023
KW - Thermal treatment
KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
KW - Remediation
PY - 2023
AN - OPUS4-58974
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Blotevogel, J.
T1 - Thermal PFAS Destruction in a Full-Scale Hazardous Waste Incinerator
N2 - Incineration is currently the only commercial full-scale technology available to destroy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in large solid and liquid waste streams. Given previous experience of dioxin formation during halogenated waste incineration, concerns about the emission of products of incomplete destruction (PIDs) from PFAS incineration exist. The overarching objective of this project is to track the fate of fluorine during full-scale hazardous waste incineration in order to demonstrate the readiness, viability, and level of safety for thermal PFAS destruction in various waste streams. The specific objectives of this project are (1) to enhance our understanding of key variables and conditions on PFAS incineration performance, (2) to identify major PIDs under insufficient treatment conditions, (3) to explore the catalytic role of fly ash and other process-relevant surfaces in thermal PFAS decomposition, and (4) to determine the potential formation of polyfluorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans.
T2 - 2025 SERDP & ESTCP PFAS Project Meeting
CY - Long Beach, CA, USA
DA - 04.08.2025
KW - PFAS
KW - Hazardous waste incineration
PY - 2025
AN - OPUS4-64189
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bruno, M.
A1 - Abis, M.
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Grönholm, R.
A1 - Hoppe, M.
A1 - Fiore, S.
T1 - Material flow, economic and environmental assessment of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash recycling potential in Europe
N2 - In 2018 municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration in Europe produced nearly 19 Mt of bottom ash (BA); only 46 %-wt. was treated, often in poorly performing plants, leaving behind 10 Mt of untreated and unrecovered BA, destined to landfill. This work was based on the inventory of BA across Europe, and on the hypothesis to achieve complete BA valorisation through two assumptions: treating 100% BA and minimizing the loss of valuable fractions due to technical limitations of state-of-the-art processes in comparison to advanced innovative processes. The research involved three phases: characterization of potential secondary raw materials (metals and mineral fraction) currently lost from untreated (the surplus compared to treatment capacity) and unrecovered BA (the fine fraction) through material flow analysis; environmental assessment (energy balance and net GHG emissions) of complete BA valorisation; investigation of the economic feasibility of complete BA Valorisation through state-of-the-art technologies. The resulting 2.14 Mt loss of valuable materials included 1 Mt Mineral fraction and 0.97 Mt ferrous metals, mostly from untreated BA, and 0.18 Mt non-ferrous metals, mostly from unrecovered BA. The energy balance and GHGs emissions required by the treatment of the currently untreated and unrecovered fractions of BA resulted in energy and GHGs emissions savings. Economic profitability was driven by iron and copper recycling and avoided landfill fees. Profitability was achieved by two thirds of considered countries (average values: NPV 83 M€, ROI 20%, payback time 11 years) with BA mass flow exceeding 0.02 Mt.
KW - Bottom ash
KW - Circular Economy
KW - Thermal treatment
PY - 2021
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128511
SN - 0959-6526
VL - 317
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-53051
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Capitain, C.
A1 - Schüßler, M.
A1 - Bugsel, B.
A1 - Zweigle, J.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Leube, Peter
A1 - Zwiener, C.
T1 - Implementation of matrix-matched semiquantification of PFAS in AFFF-contaminated soil
N2 - This study presents a novel semiquantification approach for nontarget screening (NTS), combining matrix-matched calibration and ionization class-specific average calibration curves (ACCs) to address the lack of analytical reference standards for most per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Ionization class-specific ACCs for carboxylic and sulfonic acids, sulfonamides, and cationic PFAS result in high accuracy, with median absolute accuracy quotients below 2.27×. The approach was applied to soil impacted by aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) contamination. A total of 96 tentatively identified PFAS were semiquantified in addition to 28 quantified compounds based on available standards. Semiquantified concentrations exceeded those of target analytes, demonstrating the critical role of this method in capturing broader PFAS contamination. In this case, validation against extractable organofluorine (EOF) showed a 102% closed mass balance. The innovative approach not only enables comprehensive PFAS contamination assessment in complex matrices but also expands the scope of the NTS for environmental monitoring, remediation, and risk assessment of AFFF-contaminated sites.
KW - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
KW - Contaminated soil
KW - Non-targeted analysis
KW - Combustion ion chromatography
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-629445
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c14255
SN - 1520-5851
VL - 59
IS - 14
SP - 7338
EP - 7347
PB - American Chemical Society (ACS)
CY - Columbus, Ohio
AN - OPUS4-62944
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chubarenko, B.
A1 - Domnin, D.
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
A1 - Scholz, Philipp
A1 - Leitsin, V.
A1 - Tovpinets, A.
A1 - Karmanov, K.
A1 - Esiukova, E.
T1 - Change over Time in theMechanical Properties of Geosynthetics Used in Coastal Protection in the South-Eastern Baltic
N2 - The most massive design on the Baltic shore used geosynthetic materials, the landslide protection construction in Svetlogorsk (1300 m long, 90,000 m2 area, South-Eastern Baltic, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russian Federation) comprises the geotextile and the erosion control geomat coating the open-air cliff slopes. Due to changes in elastic properties during long-term use in the open air, as well as due to its huge size, this structure can become a non-negligible source of microplastic pollution in the Baltic Sea. Weather conditions affected the functioning of the structure, so it was assessed that geosynthetic materials used in this outdoor (open-air) operation in coastal protection structures degraded over time. Samples taken at points with different ambient conditions (groundwater outlet; arid places; exposure to the direct sun; grass cover; under landslide) were tested on crystallinity and strain at break. Tests showed a 39–85% loss of elasticity of the polymer filaments after 3 years of use under natural conditions. Specimens exposed to sunlight are less elastic and more prone to fail, but not as much as samples taken from shaded areas in the grass and under the landslide, which were the most brittle.
KW - Geosynthetics
KW - Microplastic
KW - Degradation
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567978
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/1/113
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010113
SN - 2077-1312
VL - 11
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
AN - OPUS4-56797
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chubarenko, B.
A1 - Kileso, A.
A1 - Esiukova, E.
A1 - Pinchuk, V.
A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg
T1 - Dataset on geosynthetic material debris contamination of the South-East Baltic shore
N2 - The database gives information on the contamination of the shore of the South-Eastern Baltic with the debris of geosynthetic materials for the period 2018–2020. This new type of coastal pollution enters the natural environment due to the destruction of coastal protection structures and construction activities. The database contains sections:
(1) a list of types of geosynthetic material residues, their photographic images and photographs illustrating examples of finds in natural conditions
[1 List_geosynthetic_debris_SEB],
(2) monitoring data on the contamination of the beach strip with the debris of geotextiles, braids from gabions, geocontainers (big bags), geocells and geogrids for the beaches of the South-Eastern Baltic for the period 2018–2020
[2 Monitoring_geosynthetic_debris_SEB];
(3) statistical distributions of the found geosynthetic debris by size
[3 Scales_geosynthetic_debris_SEB] and (4) results of test surveys on the shores of Lithuania and Poland adjacent to Kaliningrad Oblast.
All data refer to the beaches of the Kaliningrad Oblast (Russia), including the Russian parts of the Vistula and Curonian Spits, but also contains information on a one-time assessment of the pollution of the beaches of the adjacent territories: the Polish shore from the Poland-Russia border on the Vistula Spit to the mouth of the Vistula River, the Lithuanian shore from the border Lithuania-Russia on the Curonian Spit to the border of Latvia-Lithuania. Materials were collected during field surveys within the ERANET-RUS_Plus joint project EI-GEO, ID 212 (RFBR 18-55-76002 ERA_a, BMBF 01DJ18005).
KW - Geosynthetics
KW - Geotextiles
KW - Contamination
KW - Marine littering
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-541947
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107778
SN - 2352-3409
VL - 40
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Elsevier Inc.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-54194
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dombinov, V.
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Meiller, M.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Willbold, S.
A1 - Zang, J. W.
A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A.
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Klose, H.
A1 - Poorter, H.
A1 - Jablonowski, N. D.
A1 - Schrey, S. D.
T1 - Sugarcane bagasse ash as fertilizer for soybeans: Effects of added residues on ash composition, mineralogy, phosphorus extractability and plant availability
N2 - Sugarcane bagasse is commonly combusted to generate energy. Unfortunately, recycling strategies rarely consider the resulting ash as a potential fertilizer. To evaluate this recycling strategy for a sustainable circular economy, we characterized bagasse ash as a fertilizer and measured the effects of co-gasification and co-combustion of bagasse with either chicken manure or sewage sludge: on the phosphorus (P) mass fraction, P-extractability, and mineral P phases. Furthermore, we investigated the ashes as fertilizer for soybeans under greenhouse conditions. All methods in combination are reliable indicators helping to assess and predict P availability from ashes to soybeans. The fertilizer efficiency of pure bagasse ash increased with the ash amount supplied to the substrate. Nevertheless, it was not as effective as fertilization with triple-superphosphate and K2SO4, which we attributed to lower P availability. Co-gasification and co-combustion increased the P mass fraction in all bagasse-based ashes, but its extractability and availability to soybeans increased only when co-processed with chicken manure, because it enabled the formation of readily available Ca-alkali phosphates. Therefore, we recommend co-combusting biomass with alkali-rich residues to increase the availability of P from the ash to plants.
KW - Combustion and gasification
KW - Phosphate extractability and availability
KW - X-ray diffraction (XRD)
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567632
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1041924
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-56763
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Duarte-Ruiz, D.
A1 - Saßnick, H.-D.
A1 - Ferreira De Araujo, F.
A1 - Gentzmann, Marie
A1 - Huthwelker, T.
A1 - Cocchi, C
T1 - X-ray absorption spectroscopy of scandium oxide polymorphs
N2 - Scandium oxide (Sc2O3) is a rare-earth oxide with significant potential in key technological areas, but due to its limited supply a deep understanding of its characteristics in different crystalline phases is still missing. Here, we present a combined experimental and ab initio X-ray absorption spectroscopy investigation of Sc2O3 focusing on excitations from the O K-edge and the Sc L2,3-edge. While measurements are performed on a cubic sample, the most stable phase under ambient conditions, six different polymorphs are computed, including two high-pressure phases with a trigonal and monoclinic lattice in addition to the cubic phase, as well as three computationally predicted structures. Our analysis of the structural and electronic properties reveals significant similarities between the cubic polymorph and the high-pressure trigonal phase, while the monoclinic crystal exhibits distinct features. The spectra simulated for these similar phases from the solution of the Bethe–Salpeter equation show very good agreement with measurements. Additional comparison with results computed in the independent-particle approximation highlights the dominant role of electron–hole correlations in shaping the absorption features, particularly at the O K-edge, where a common pattern with the features of other sesquioxides is identified. Our findings offer new insight into the spectral fingerprints of Sc2O3 polymorphs, aiding in situ characterization and informing sustainable materials management.
KW - Scandium
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-650806
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra06446e
VL - 15
IS - 56
SP - 47814
EP - 47825
AN - OPUS4-65080
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -