TY - CONF A1 - Dombinov, V. A1 - Meiller, M. A1 - Müller, F. A1 - Herzel, Hannes A1 - Zang, J. W. A1 - Willbold, S. A1 - Poorter, H. A1 - Watt, M. A1 - Jablonownski, N. D. A1 - Schrey, S. D. T1 - Does co-combustion of bagasse and chicken manure affect the bioavailability of P from ash to soybeans? N2 - Brazilian farming industry consumed around 2.2 million tons of phosphorus (P) fertilizers in 2016. The agricultural industry depends on imported P fertilizers and over 98% of P fertilizers were used for sugarcane, soybean and maize production. An alternative is to use P from sugarcane bagasse. Bagasse is the fibrous plant material remaining after extraction of sugarcane juice, and it is combusted for energy production. Remaining ash con-tains up to 0.6 wt% P. The use of bagasse ash (BA) as P fertilizer could decrease the annual import of P fertilizers by 6% of the imported P fertilizer based on 2016 values. Since the bioavailability of P from BA to plants is poorly investigated, this study addresses the effects of (i) gasification tempera-ture (710-849°C), (ii) processing method (gasification vs. combustion), (iii) biomass modifications by co-processing bagasse with chicken manure (BA+CM), and (iv) the soil (Brazilian Oxisol soil vs. nutri-ent poor substrate) on the bioavailability of P from BA to soybeans (Glycine max). Gasification of BA at 806 °C resulted in significantly highest uptake of P by soybeans and was around 0.33 mmol after 51 days growing. The bioavailability of P significantly increased due to co-gasification of bagasse and chicken manure (BA+CM) and the soybeans took up around 16% more P. Compared to the nutrient-poor substrate, the bioavailability of P in BA+CM ash treated Oxisol soil was signifi-cantly lower by 46% and there was no significant effect of processing method on the bioavailability of P from the BA+CM ash to soybeans. Contrary to the Oxisol soil, the bioavailability of P from co-combusted BA+CM ash was significantly higher compared to co-gasified BA+CM ash. In conclusion, co-processing of bagasse with nutrient rich residues can increase the value of BA as P fertilizer. The bioavailability of P from ash to plants depends on the P forms. Mineralogical analyses of ash P forms by NMR and X-ray diffraction are in progress and will be presented at the conference. T2 - European Biomass Conference & Exhibition CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 26.05.2019 KW - Sugarcane bagasse KW - Chicken manure KW - Plant growth test KW - Bioavailability KW - Co-combustion PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49272 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - An, Biwen Annie A1 - Koerdt, Andrea T1 - Investigating and modelling MIC using in-house developed flow system (Hi-Tension) N2 - Microbiologically influenced corrosion is a multidisciplinary research area. To develop successful mitigation strategies, expertise from the industry and research institutes are essential. In Department 4.1, we developed an innovative laboratory flow model (Hi-Tension) that allows effective monitoring of MIC under both standard and non-standard conditions. The flow model allows flexibility with material selection, flow rates, temperature and other environmental parameters changes. Furthermore, the flow model allows integration of electrochemical measurements using microsensors, providing a comprehensive view of corrosion at the biofilm level. Currently, initial results indicate corrosion in the flow model is significantly higher than that of standard laboratory set ups, i.e. static incubations, particularly for methane-producing microorganisms. T2 - Departmental Meeting with Helmotz Dresden CY - BAM, Berlin, Germany DA - 04.11.2019 KW - MIC KW - Corrosion KW - FIB/SEM KW - Corrosion products KW - Hi-Tension KW - Flow Model KW - Modelling PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49417 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - An, Biwen Annie A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - Kleinbub, Sherin T1 - Microbial modelling of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea (ME) using iron N2 - Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea (MA) are commonly found in the oil and gas environments. The formation of hydrogen sulfide (HS-) is particularly concerning for the petroleum industry due to its corrosiveness. However, the activities of SRB are limited to the concentration of sulfate present in the environment, whereas methanogens can utilize substrates such as H¬2 for methanogenesis. MA is commonly found in sulfate-free environments, such as deep sediments, and are known to form interspecies electron transfer relationships with SRB. Recently, SRB and MA capable of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) by using elemental iron as a direct electron source (EMIC) have gained increased attention. On the iron surface, EMIC-SRB can outcompete EMIC-MA in the presence of sulfate, but this changes as sulfate depletes. The formation of FeS on the metal surface can be further utilized by MA for methanogenesis as it provides a conductive path. However, the possible kinetics involved of the overall process are currently unknown. We obtained a co-culture of EMIC-SRB and EMIC-MA to investigate the growth rates and electrical potential changes under different environmental conditions, including changes in pH, temperature and salinity. Results indicate that under neutral conditions and using iron as the sole substrate, methane production (up to 5 mM) starts after sulfate was depleted. Electrochemical measurements will be conducted on the co-culture under different conditions to determine the changes in the electrical potential in correlation with the sulfate and methane concentration. Fluorescence and electron microscope images of the biofilm structure will be used to visualize cell distribution and morphology. This study embarks the first step of understanding the relationship between EMIC-SRB and EMIC-MA. Such knowledge is important for the field of microbial electrophysiology and can be further explored for industrial applications. T2 - 7th International Symposium on Applied Microbiology and Molecular Biology in Oil Systems (ISMOS-7) CY - Halifax, Canada DA - 18.06.2019 KW - MIC KW - Corrosion KW - FIB/SEM KW - Corrosion products KW - Bacteria KW - Archaea KW - Iron PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49420 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kämpf, K. A1 - Schmidt, Alexandra A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Bachmann, V. A1 - Kuhlbusch, T. A1 - Schwirn, K. A1 - Völker, D. T1 - Test Guideline on Particle Size and Size Distribution of Manufactured Nanomaterials N2 - The particle size distribution is considered the most relevant information for nanoscale property identification and material characterization. The current OECD test guideline on particle size and size distribution (TG 110) is not applicable to ‘nano-sized’ objects. In this project we thus develop a new OECD test guideline for the measurement of the size and size distribution of particles and fibers with at least one dimension in the nanoscale. A fiber is defined as an object having an aspect ratio of length/diameter l/d >3. The width and length of each fiber should be measured concurrently. In order to measure the particle size distributions, many techniques are available. 9 methods for particles and 2 methods for fibres have been tested in a prevalidation study and appropriate methods will be compared in an interlaboratory round robin test starting in February 2019. T2 - Workshop zur gemeinsamen Forschungsstrategie der Bundesoberbehörden „Nanomaterialien und andere innovative Werkstoffe: anwendungssicher und umweltverträglich“ CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 02.09.2019 KW - OECD KW - Nano KW - Guideline KW - Particle size distributuion KW - Prüfrichtlinie PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49507 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Selina A1 - Schreiber, Frank T1 - Antimicrobial resistance in soil microbes mediated by resistance evolution and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) N2 - Question: Biocides are in contact with soils through direct application and passive leaching from protected materials. Consequently, soil microorganisms are exposed to toxic biocides even though they are not their primary targets. Soil is a large reservoir of microbial diversity and has been hypothesized to be a crucial factor for the evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Currently, there is little knowledge on how biocides used to protect materials affect the evolution and spread of resistance. Thus, our aim is to investigate the risk for the evolution of biocide resistance and cross-resistance to antibiotics. In addition, we aim to elucidate the affect of biocides on the spread of resistance via horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Methods: In laboratory evolution experiments we culture selected model soil microorganism with representative biocides followed by antibiotic cross-resistance determination and genome sequencing. Moreover, we investigate if the selected biocides affect the HGT frequency of plasmids that carry resistance genes among soil microorganism and the consequences for survival of the affected populations. Results: Our initial results show only small increases of biocide resistance during serial transfers in the presence of biocides. One reason for this might be the narrow selective window for biocide resistance due to steep dose-response relationships. Furthermore, we will present results from ongoing experiments on the effects of material preservatives on HGT frequencies facilitating microbial community adaptation to stress. Conclusions: The results will enable future risk assessment regarding resistance evolution for biocides used as material preservatives. T2 - 8th Congress of European Microbiologists - FEMS 2019 CY - Glasgow, UK DA - 07.07.2019 KW - Biocides KW - Horizontal gene transfer HGT KW - Microbiology KW - Resistance evolution KW - Antimicrobial resistance PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49402 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Selina A1 - Schreiber, Frank T1 - Antimicrobial resistance in soil microbes mediated by resistance evolution and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) N2 - Question: Biocides are in contact with soils through direct application and passive leaching from protected materials. Consequently, soil microorganisms are exposed to toxic biocides even though they are not their primary targets. Soil is a large reservoir of microbial diversity and has been hypothesized to be a crucial factor for the evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Currently, there is little knowledge on how biocides used to protect materials affect the evolution and spread of resistance. Thus, our aim is to investigate the risk for the evolution of biocide resistance and cross-resistance to antibiotics. In addition, we aim to elucidate the affect of biocides on the spread of resistance via horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Methods: In laboratory evolution experiments we culture selected model soil microorganism with representative biocides followed by antibiotic cross-resistance determination and genome sequencing. Moreover, we investigate if the selected biocides affect the HGT frequency of plasmids that carry resistance genes among soil microorganism and the consequences for survival of the affected populations. Results: Our initial results show only small increases of biocide resistance during serial transfers in the presence of biocides. One reason for this might be the narrow selective window for biocide resistance due to steep dose-response relationships. Furthermore, we will present results from ongoing experiments on the effects of material preservatives on HGT frequencies facilitating microbial community adaptation to stress. Conclusions: The results will enable future risk assessment regarding resistance evolution for biocides used as material preservatives. T2 - Symposium für Doktorandinnen und Doktoranden – 2019 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 27.09.2019 KW - Biocides KW - Horizontal gene transfer HGT KW - Microbiology KW - Resistance evolution KW - Antimicrobial resistance PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49404 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Colini, Claudia A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Rabin, Ira T1 - A black ink by any other name...: Typologies of Arabic inks and their detection limits N2 - In this poster we will present some results of a research projects dealing with Arabic recipes of black inks. To improve conservation practices of Arabic manuscripts we have assessed the feasibility of the recipes collected from many Arabic sources on bookmaking and reproduced the most common inks. Ink samples were then artificially aged and analysed using an array of analytical techniques, mostly non-invasive, in order to build a database of Arabic inks and their ingredients and also to verify the detection limits of the portable equipment employed. First, we will provide an overview of the sources [1-2] employed in the study – dating from 9th to 14th century, although the manuscripts in which they can be found dates up to the 20th century – with an eye on the ink typologies (real and perceived by the compilers). Then we will show how, by reproducing the recipes, it was possible to shed light on some oddities in the procedures and the choice of ingredients. In the end we will discuss problems concerning the identification of ink types and ingredients using reflectography (in Vis, IR and UV), X-Ray Fluorescence, Infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The focus will be in particular on mixed inks – both in the form of carbon inks with the addition of tannins and of a mixture of carbon and iron gall inks – which are particularly difficult to detect [3]. We will also examine the results of iron gall inks made with iron filings or nails instead of vitriol and the various precursor used to extract gallic acid that are mentioned in the sources as surrogates of gall nuts. [1] A. Schopen, Tinten und Tuschen des arabisch-islamischen Mittelalters, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2004 [2] S. Fani, Le arti del libro secondo le fonti arabe originali. I ricettari arabi per la fabbricazione degli inchiostri (sec. IX-XIII): loro importanza per una corretta valutazione e conservazione del patrimonio manoscritto, PhD thesis, Napoli: Università L’Orientale, 2013 [3] C. Colini et. al, Manuscript cultures, 11 (2018) 43-50 T2 - Technart 2019 CY - Bruges, Belgium DA - 07.05.2019 KW - Inks KW - Reflectography KW - XRF KW - Raman Spectroscopy KW - ATR PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50112 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nordholt, Niclas A1 - Lewerenz, Dominique A1 - Schmidt, Selina A1 - Schreiber, Frank T1 - Heterogeneity in the bacterial response to disinfection and its impact on antibiotic tolerance and resistance N2 - The global rise of antibiotic resistance has made the proper use of disinfectants more important than ever. Their application in clinical l settings is an integral part of antibiotics stewardship by preventing the occurrence and spread of infections. However, improper use of disinfectants also harbours the risk for the evolution of tolerance and resistance to disinfectants, but also to antibiotics. It is therefore crucial to understand whether and how bacteria can survive chemical disinfection and which conditions facilitate the evolution of tolerance and resistance. Here, we study the heterogeneity in the response of isogenic E. coli populations exposed to different levels of commonly used disinfectants. At concentrations below the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), we find that certain disinfectants induce prolonged lag times in individual cells, a phenotype that has been associated with persistence against antibiotics. At concentrations above the MIC, we find heterogeneous killing for a range of the tested substances. Interestingly, for the three cationic surfactants that were tested, we find kill kinetics revealing the presence of a tolerant subpopulation that can withstand disinfection longer than most of the population. We will present results from an ongoing evolution experiment in which we test the potential for evolution of population-wide tolerance and resistance through intermittent exposure to lethal doses of a cationic surfactant. T2 - New Approaches and Concepts in Microbiology CY - Heidelberg, Germany DA - 10.07.2019 KW - Persistence KW - Biocides KW - Resistance KW - heterogeneity KW - Bacteria PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48524 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Smol, M. A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Towards circular economy for phosphorus in Poland N2 - In the transition to the Circular Economy (CE) model, where the added value of products is kept as long as possible and waste is eliminated, the sustainable management of raw materials plays a key role. In above CE model, especial attention is paid to CRMs which are economically and strategically important for the European economy, but have a high-risk associated with their supply. One of the most important element which can not be replaced and is an essential element for human nutrition, yet limited resource is phosphorus (P). An importance of issues related to sustainable P management results from EU legislation, which indicated P as a Critical Raw Material (CRM). The sustainable management of P-resources is especially important for the Baltic region. A consequence of waterborne loads passing into the sea, mainly as wastewater with a high P content is the eutrophication of the Baltic Sea environment. Due to the largest inputs of P (37%) into the Baltic Sea originate from Poland, the development of sustainable solutions aimed at more rational P management for this country is externally important. T2 - International Phosphorus Workshop 9 CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 08.07.2019 KW - Phosphorus recovery KW - Circular economy PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48614 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Smol, M. A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Possibility of recovering phosphorus from sewage sludge ash (SSA) in Poland N2 - Due to the vital importance of phosphorus (P) and its increasing scarcity as a natural resource, phosphorus recovery has recently gained significant scientific and technical interest. An interesting sources of phosphorus are sewage sludge (SS) and sewage sludge ash (SSA) due to the major part of the phosphate from P rich wastewater is transferred to the sludge (approx. 90%). Despite the fact that the raw materials base is large (PURE report indicates that in 2020 the amount of sewage sludge generated in Poland will reach 180% of the dry matter of sewage sludge produced in 2010), at present recycling of phosphorus is not a commonly used practice in Poland. T2 - International Phosphorus Workshop 9 CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 08.07.2019 KW - Sewage sludge ash KW - Phosphorus recovery PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48616 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -