TY - JOUR A1 - Bandow, Nicole A1 - Finkel, M. A1 - Grathwohl, P. A1 - Kalbe, Ute T1 - Influence of flow rate and particle size on local equilibrium in column percolation tests using crushed masonry N2 - Column leaching tests are frequently used and accepted for investigation of release of hazardous substances from solid materials. Independent of differences due to the field of application or national regulations, column tests assume that local equilibrium is established in the experiment which facilitates transfer of results to field conditions. In the process of harmonization and standardization within Europe the question on the influence of flow rate and grain size distribution on the local equilibrium was raised. Thus, a set of experiments using two different masonry materials with varying grain size distribution and flow rate were conducted including stop/flow experiments. Results are compared to a numerical model which takes intraparticle pore diffusion-controlled release of Mo and V into the percolating water into account. Due to the relatively high intraparticle porosity of the materials (24–29%) data and model indicate that initially equilibrium-state conditions prevail followed by rapidly decreasing concentrations. The model fits data for Mo and V reasonably well; however, after the initial decline of concentrations (at L/S > 2) extended tailing is observed especially of elements occurring as oxides, which is not captured by the model. KW - Leaching KW - Porosity KW - Stop/flow experiments model KW - Intraparticle diffusion KW - Vanadium KW - Molybdenum PY - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-019-00827-3 SN - 1438-4957 SN - 1611-8227 VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 642 EP - 651 PB - Springer Japan AN - OPUS4-47265 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bandow, Nicole A1 - Jürgens, Frederike A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Beregnete Bauteile und Bauprodukte: Entwicklung von Vergabekriterien für den Blauen Engel mit Hilfe von Auslaugtests N2 - Auslaugversuche wurden mit verschiedenen Bauprodukten durchgeführt, die unter Anwendungsbe-dingungen mit Niederschlägen in Kontakt kommen können. In das Testprogramm wurden Lacke für Außenanwendungen, Wärmedämmverbundsysteme, Dachziegel und polymere Dachfolien einbezogen. Mit diesen Produkten wurden der von CEN TC 351 entwickelte dynamische Oberflächenauslaugtest (DSLT) und Immersionstests nach EN 16105 durchgeführt. Emissionsverläufe wurden sowohl für an-organische Komponenten als auch für organische Substanzen in den Eluaten ermittelt. Auslaugbare organische Substanzen wurden zuvor in Screeningtests identifiziert. Um die mögliche Freisetzung von Stoffen aus Bauprodukten beurteilen zu können, ist es erforderlich, Emissionsverläufe zu beschreiben. Dazu sind die verwendeten Testverfahren geeignet. Um Baupro-dukte mit einem Blauen Engel als „Produkte mit geringer Auslaugung“ auszuloben, müssen die aus-laugbaren Substanzen komplett bekannt sein. Für organische Verbindungen ist das noch eine Heraus-forderung. Außerdem erfordert die Bewertung der Testergebnisse sowohl Übertragungsmodelle, die Vorhersagen über freisetzbare Stoffmengen unter Anwendungsbedingungen ermöglichen, als auch Vorgaben zu tolerierbaren Umweltkonzentrationen. Hier besteht noch Handlungsbedarf. N2 - Leaching tests were performed on different construction products that can be exposed to precipitation during service life. Varnishes for outdoor application, exterior thermal insulation systems, roof tiles and polymeric roof membranes were included in the test program. Leaching tests according to the dynamic surface leaching test (DSLT) as developed by CEN TC 351 and the immersion test according to EN 16105 were performed using these products. Emission curves were determined for inorganic as well as organic substances in the eluates. Leachable organic sub-stances in the eluates were identified by screening tests prior to the leaching tests. It is necessary to describe emission curves to be able to evaluate possible release of substances from construction products. The applied leaching tests are suitable to describe leaching processes. All leach-able substances need to be known in order to award the ecolabel ‘Blue Angel’. This is still challenging in case of organic substances. In addition, evaluation of the test results requires transfer models to predict leachable amounts under service conditions as well as requirements on concentrations that can be tolerated in environmental compartments. There is still need for action to solve these topics. KW - Bauprodukte KW - Auslaugtests KW - Blauer Engel KW - Construction Products KW - Leaching PY - 2018 SN - 1862-4359 VL - 67/2018 SP - 1 EP - 89 CY - Dessau-Rosslau AN - OPUS4-45799 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -