TY - GEN A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Robertson, Daniela A1 - Schütt, Ch. A1 - Birke, V. ED - Zekkos, Dimitrios ED - Farid, Arvin ED - De, Anirban ED - Reddy, Krishna R. ED - Yesiller, Nazli T1 - Zero Valent Metal (ZVI) Nanoparticles in Geotextiles and Geomembranes N2 - Reactive geomembranes and geotextiles are an innovative approach to control the migration of contaminants in geotechnical applications. Within a joint research project in cooperation with a medium-sized enterprise, the preparation and characterization of “reactive” geomembranes and geotextiles modified by the addition of zero-valent metal nanoparticles was performed. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles were added to polyethylene or to the fillings of geo-containers or geosynthetic clay liners. These geosynthetic products consist of mixtures of sand with clay or bentonite, typically embedded in geotextile nonwovens or geomats. The permeability of these geo-containers can be adjusted by the ratio of clay or bentonite to sand. ZVI nanoparticles were also added as reactive material to geomembranes made of polyethylene with additives like the antioxidant Irganox 1010 or glycerin. These additives prohibit oxidation of the nanoparticle and act as hydrogen donor in the dechlorination of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Contaminates such as chlorinated hydrocarbons and toxic heavy metal compounds are either decomposed or converted to less toxic species (e.g. Cr-(VI) reduction to Cr-(III)). The paper reports the first experimental results from manufacturing of the reactive geomembrane model materials and characterization of the products with microscopic techniques. First breakthrough measurements of the ZVI modified geomembrane compared to a reference sample are presented. KW - geomembranes KW - geotextiles KW - nano particles KW - nano iron PY - 2016 UR - http://ascelibrary.org/page/books/s-gsp SN - 978-0-7844-8012-0 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480120 VL - 269 SP - 498 EP - 507 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers CY - Reston, VA, USA ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-37264 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Meggyes, T. ED - Meyers, R.A. T1 - Sustainable remediation methods for metals and radionuclides N2 - Glossary Biomineralization A process by which living organisms produce minerals. - Chernobyl Ukrainian city site of the largest nuclear power plant accident in history. - Cut-off-wall Underground structure designed to prevent the flow of water. - DART Deep aquifer remediation tool. - Diffusion Movement of ions and molecules from places of higher concentration to places of lower concentration. - Electrochemical remediation Remediation technologies comprising electrochemical transport and transformation methods. - Electrokinetic screens Structures used to prevent radionuclides from diffusing from the polluted area into the environment. - Electromigration Transport of charged ions or ion complexes in solution. - Electroosmosis Movement of liquid relative to a charged stationary surface, - Electrophoresis Movement of charged particles relative to a stationary fluid. - Enhanced electrochemical remediation Use of pH control and additives to improve removal efficiency. - EURT East Urals Radioactive Trail area contaminated due to a nuclear accident. - Natural attenuation (NA) Remediation relying entirely on natural processes. - Permeable reactive barriers Passive in situ treatment zones of reactive material that degrades or immobilizes contaminants as groundwater flows through it. - Phytoremediation Soil remediation using living plants and their associated microorganisms. - Radionuclide or radioisotope An atom with an unstable nucleus whose excess energy is available to be imparted to a newly-created radiation particle within the nucleus or to an atomic electron. - Total material requirement (TMR) Sum of domestic and imported primary natural resources and their hidden flows. KW - Groundwater remediation KW - Radionuclides PY - 2013 SN - 978-1-4419-0852-0 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/SpringerReference_226449 SP - 1 EP - 36 PB - Springer CY - Berlin Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-28517 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Holm, Olaf ED - Ludwig, C. ED - Matasci, C. ED - Edelmann, X. T1 - Recovery of metals from waste, an example for the resource cycle N2 - Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) consists of eiemental metals in considerable amounts. The fine fraction < 4 mm additionally contains chemically bound metals (oxides, carbonates, Silicates). Separation prospects with techniques as in ore processing (flotation, density separation, bioleaching, hydrothermal solution) are discussed. During alteration after wet extraction mineral material with hydraulic properties form coatings on almost all particles of the bottom ash and complicate separation procedures. ln addition bottom ash from MSWI is a heterogeneaus material. For sufficient enrichment different concerted treatment steps seemed to be essential associated with an uncertainty of economic viability. The utilisation of metal compounds present in bottom ash as secondary raw material depends on the energy- and resource-efficiency of the enrichment processes. Therefore energy and material flow considerations are presented. KW - Recyclable material KW - Recycling technology KW - Waste management PY - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-347572 UR - http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/213010 SN - 978-3-9521409-6-3 SP - 289 EP - 293 AN - OPUS4-34757 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Holm, Olaf T1 - Aufschluss, Trennung und Rückgewinnung von Metallen aus Rückständen thermischer Prozesse - Verdoppelung der Metallausbeute aus MVA-Rostasche N2 - In den Rückständen thermischer Verfahren sind bedingt durch den Verbrennungsprozess Metalle sowohl in elementarer wie auch in chemisch gebundener Form enthalten. Früher wurde Eisenschrott vor allem deshalb mit Magneten abgetrennt, weil sonst die Verwertung als Baustoff erschwert war. Nichteisen-Metalle, bei Rostasche aus einer Müllverbrennungsanlage (MVA) sind dies hauptsächlich Kupfer und Aluminium, können mit der Wirbelstromtechnik abgetrennt werden. Auf diese Weise sinken auch die Gehalte an umweltrelevanten Schwermetallen. Allerdings werden die kleinen Korngrößen und die chemische gebundenen Metallen (z.B. Oxide oder Carbonate) bisher in der Aufbereitung nicht erfasst. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit den verfahrenstechnischen Potenzialen zur Erhöhung der Metallausbeute. KW - Rostasche KW - Aufbereitung KW - Flotation KW - Dichtesortierung KW - Nichteisenmetalle PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-935317-99-3 SP - 297 EP - 310 PB - TK-Verl. AN - OPUS4-29168 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rohn, H. A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Schmidt, M. A1 - Giegrich, J. A1 - Oberender, C. A1 - Denz, W. A1 - Niebaum, A. ED - Ludwig, C. ED - Matasci, C. T1 - The Guideline Series VDI 4800 Resource Efficiency: An Approach for Increasing Resource Efficiency with Aim of Conservation of Natural Resources in the Industrial Sector N2 - In 2011, the Association of German Engineers (VDI) started working on a set of guidelines towards increased resource efficiency. These guidelines represent a framework that defines resource efficiency and outlines considerations for the producing industry. A special guideline for SMEs is included as well as guidelines on methodologies for evaluating resource use indicators, such as the cumulative raw material demand of products and production systems. Resource efficiency, defined here as the relationship between a specific benefit or use and the natural resources that need to be spent or consumed to attain this benefit or use. It can be evaluated by defining a function which expresses the specific benefit and quantifies the resource requirements through a set of indicators (use of raw materials, energy, water, land and ecosystem services including sinks). The results from this also depend on the system boundary parameters and the allocation rules for by-products and waste treatment options. Optimising resource use is possible at all stages of a product’s or production system’s life cycle chain (raw material extraction, production and manufacturing, use and consumption, and the end-of-life stage). VDI guidelines are widely accepted across Germany’s industrial sector and therefore represent an important means of mainstreaming resource efficiency in this target area. As well as providing a methodological framework, the guidelines describe strategies and measures towards increasing resource efficiency, and they enable industrial producers and service providers to identify potential areas of improvement. The full article presents an overview of the methodology and contents of these guidelines and discusses their impact in achieving absolute reductions in the industrial use of natural resources. KW - Resource efficiency KW - Life cycle thinking KW - Products and production systems KW - Standardization PY - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-426443 UR - https://www.wrforum.org/wrfpublicationspdf/boosting-resource-productivity/ SN - 978-3-9521409-7-0 SP - 125 EP - 132 PB - Paul Scherrer Institute CY - Villigen PSI, Switzerland ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-42644 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Glombitza, F. A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Kothe, E. A1 - Ondruschka, J. A1 - Pinka, J. A1 - Schippers, A. A1 - Willscher, S. A1 - Zehnsdorf, A. A1 - Brandl, H. ED - Schlömann, M. ED - Schippers, A. T1 - Rückstände aus Industrie und Umwelt - Aufbereitung mittels Geobiotechnologie? PY - 2013 SP - 23 EP - 28 AN - OPUS4-27948 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Hennecke, D. T1 - Elutionsverfahren für die Untersuchung von Böden und Abfällen - Aktueller Stand PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-89531-872-6 SP - 47 EP - 55 CY - Wiesbaden AN - OPUS4-30192 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -