TY - CONF A1 - Abdallah, Khaled A1 - Knabe, Nicole A1 - Breitenbach, Romy A1 - Dementyeva, Polina A1 - Voigt, Oliver A1 - Gerrits, Ruben A1 - Schumacher, Julia A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Developing a genetic toolbox for Knufia petricola A95: a model for stress-tolerant and symbiose-competent rock-inhabiting fungi N2 - Black microcolonial fungi (MCF) are persistent inhabitants of rock surfaces in hostile desert environments. In these niches, MCF have evolved mineral-weathering and symbiotic capabilities as well as mechanisms to cope with multiple stresses such as solar irradiation, temperature extremes and low water activity. Due to their stress tolerance these ascomycetes are prominent in modern terrestrial ecosystems – like man-made material surfaces from roof to solar panels. MCF interactive capabilities support their facultative symbiotic relationships with cyanobacteria and ensure their rock-weathering geochemical activity. Using the rock-inhabiting fungus K. petricola A95 (Chaetothyriales), we developed transformation protocols and deleted genes responsible for production of the protective pigments melanins and carotenoids. To confirm that the mutant phenotypes were not due to hidden mutations, melanin synthesis was restored by complementing the mutants with the respective wild type genes. Strains of K. petricola carrying gene variants for fluorescent proteins EGFP and DsRed are available. We successfully labelled the cytoplasm, nuclei, peroxisomes and mitochondria. Targeted and ectopic integrations result in stable transformants suitable for further phenotypical characterization. As K. petricola is a non-pathogenic fungus with all characteristic features of MCF, including meristematic growth, melanized cell-walls, extracellular polymeric substances and extensive pigment production, our results will shed light on protective role of pigments during cell wall maturation and oxidative stress defence in rock-inhabiting MCF. Genes involved in environmental sensing or substrate and phototroph interactions are currently targeted. With the help of a mutant collection and fluorescently labelled K. petricola we will be able to investigate interactions of MCF with environmental stressors, mineral substrates, soil matrices and phototrophic symbionts. T2 - Fungal Genetics Conference 2019 CY - Asilomar, CA, USA DA - 12.03.2019 KW - Knufia petricola KW - Genetics KW - Melanin PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49635 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - What is in your opinion the fertiliser of the future? N2 - Conventional fertilisers have their disadvantages as nutrient release is not synchronised with the demand of plants. Several approaches of "next generation fertilisers" are aiming at controlled nutrient release. Recycling fertilisers are often not soluble in water but fully plant available. They are suitable raw materials for the production of new types of controlled release fertilisers. T2 - CLOOP-Workshop "What is in your opinion the fertiliser of the future?" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.10.2019 KW - Controlled release fertilisers KW - Recycling fertilisers PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49554 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Phosphorus recovery from waste water, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ashes N2 - A lecture was given about the technical possibilities of phosphorus recovery from waste water, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ashes. The specific situation of Europe and Germany was explained in the context of raw materials dependencies and the legal framework. T2 - Lecture at University of Sao Paulo, Brasil CY - Berlin, Germany and Sao Paulo, Brasil DA - 11.11.2019 KW - Phosphorus recovery KW - Recycling fertilisers KW - Sewage sludge ordinance PY - 2019 N1 - Vorlesung über Adobe Connect an der University of Sao Paulo, Brasilien AN - OPUS4-49590 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Altenburg, Simon A1 - Mohr, Gunther A1 - Baesso, Ilaria A1 - Straße, Anne A1 - Pittner, Andreas A1 - Pignatelli, Giuseppe A1 - Seeger, Stefan A1 - Nazarzadehmoafi, Maryam A1 - Ehlers, Henrik A1 - Gohlke, Dirk A1 - Homann, Tobias A1 - Scheuschner, Nils A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Heinrich, P. A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane T1 - Process monitoring of additive manufacturing of metals - an overview of the project ProMoAM N2 - The project ProMoAM is presented. The goal of the project is to evaluate which NDT techniques or combination of techniques is suited for in-situ quality assurance in additive manufacturing of metals. To this end, also 3d-data fusion and visualization techniques are applied. Additional ex-situ NDT-techniques are used as references for defect detection and quantification. Feasability studies for NDT-techniques that are presently not applicable for in-situ use are performed as well. The presentation gives a brief overview of the whole project and the different involved NDT-techniques. T2 - Workshop od Additive Manufacturing: Process, materials, simulation & implants CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.05.2019 KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Process monitoring KW - NDT PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48087 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - An, Biwen Annie A1 - Koerdt, Andrea T1 - Investigating and modelling MIC using in-house developed flow system (Hi-Tension) N2 - Microbiologically influenced corrosion is a multidisciplinary research area. To develop successful mitigation strategies, expertise from the industry and research institutes are essential. In Department 4.1, we developed an innovative laboratory flow model (Hi-Tension) that allows effective monitoring of MIC under both standard and non-standard conditions. The flow model allows flexibility with material selection, flow rates, temperature and other environmental parameters changes. Furthermore, the flow model allows integration of electrochemical measurements using microsensors, providing a comprehensive view of corrosion at the biofilm level. Currently, initial results indicate corrosion in the flow model is significantly higher than that of standard laboratory set ups, i.e. static incubations, particularly for methane-producing microorganisms. T2 - Departmental Meeting with Helmotz Dresden CY - BAM, Berlin, Germany DA - 04.11.2019 KW - MIC KW - Corrosion KW - FIB/SEM KW - Corrosion products KW - Hi-Tension KW - Flow Model KW - Modelling PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49417 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - An, Biwen Annie A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - Kleinbub, Sherin T1 - Microbial modelling of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea (ME) using iron N2 - Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea (MA) are commonly found in the oil and gas environments. The formation of hydrogen sulfide (HS-) is particularly concerning for the petroleum industry due to its corrosiveness. However, the activities of SRB are limited to the concentration of sulfate present in the environment, whereas methanogens can utilize substrates such as H¬2 for methanogenesis. MA is commonly found in sulfate-free environments, such as deep sediments, and are known to form interspecies electron transfer relationships with SRB. Recently, SRB and MA capable of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) by using elemental iron as a direct electron source (EMIC) have gained increased attention. On the iron surface, EMIC-SRB can outcompete EMIC-MA in the presence of sulfate, but this changes as sulfate depletes. The formation of FeS on the metal surface can be further utilized by MA for methanogenesis as it provides a conductive path. However, the possible kinetics involved of the overall process are currently unknown. We obtained a co-culture of EMIC-SRB and EMIC-MA to investigate the growth rates and electrical potential changes under different environmental conditions, including changes in pH, temperature and salinity. Results indicate that under neutral conditions and using iron as the sole substrate, methane production (up to 5 mM) starts after sulfate was depleted. Electrochemical measurements will be conducted on the co-culture under different conditions to determine the changes in the electrical potential in correlation with the sulfate and methane concentration. Fluorescence and electron microscope images of the biofilm structure will be used to visualize cell distribution and morphology. This study embarks the first step of understanding the relationship between EMIC-SRB and EMIC-MA. Such knowledge is important for the field of microbial electrophysiology and can be further explored for industrial applications. T2 - 7th International Symposium on Applied Microbiology and Molecular Biology in Oil Systems (ISMOS-7) CY - Halifax, Canada DA - 18.06.2019 KW - MIC KW - Corrosion KW - FIB/SEM KW - Corrosion products KW - Bacteria KW - Archaea KW - Iron PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49420 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - An, Biwen Annie A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - Brüggemann, Kristin A1 - Wurzler, Nina A1 - Kleinbub, Sherin A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem T1 - Effect of biocides on highly corrosive methanogenic Archaea N2 - Biocide mitigation strategies of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in the oil and gas industry have been primarily used to eliminate the growths of sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM). However, methanogenic Archaea (MA) can also be highly corrosive by using iron as an electron source for methanogenesis. Because of the fundamental physiological differences between archaea and bacteria, responses of MA towards SRM-specific biocides cannot be deduced using SRM. Due to the lack of information available on the effect of biocides on corrosive MA, we selected THPS, glutaraldehyde, nitrate and perchlorate to compare against corrosive SRM. Preliminary results showed that at low concentrations of THPS (0-10 ppm), growth of MA was not affected, methane production and corrosion rates (0.1 mm/yr) were comparable between the different THPS concentrations. On the contrary, the SRM strain showed decreased corrosion rates (0.18 mm/yr to 0.03 mm/yr) with increasing THPS concentrations. Further corrosion tests including electrochemical measurements of different biocides on the growth of MA and SRM will be conducted. Such knowledge not only provide important insights on the physiological response of MA to biocides but also contribute to more effective mitigation strategies that can be both economic and environmentally beneficial. T2 - 25th Annual Reservoir Microbiology Forum CY - London, UK DA - 20.11.2019 KW - Corrosion KW - Methanogen KW - Microorganism KW - Biocide PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49788 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - An, Biwen Annie A1 - Voordouw, G. ED - An, Biwen Annie T1 - Chapter 4. Microbial Communities Involved in High Salinity Souring in Shale Oil Fields T2 - Oilfield Microbiology N2 - This book chapter provides an overview of the negative impacts of halophilic microorganisms in oil and gas operations. The chapter used a Canadian shale oil reservoir as an case study example to show the high souring and corrosion potential of halophilic microorganisms. KW - Corrosion KW - Halophilic KW - Microorganism KW - Microbial community modelling KW - Oil and gas reservoir KW - Shale KW - Geological formation KW - Oilfield PY - 2019 SN - 13 978-1-138-05775-3 SP - 57 EP - 69 PB - CRC Press CY - Boca Raton ET - 1. AN - OPUS4-49599 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - An, Biwen A1 - Shen, Y. A1 - Voordouw, J. A1 - Voordouw, G. ED - Dumas, C. T1 - Halophilic Methylotrophic Methanogens May Contribute to the High Ammonium Concentrations Found in Shale Oil and Shale Gas Reservoirs T2 - Halophilic Methanogenesis in Shale Reservoirs N2 - Flow-back and produced waters from shale gas and shale oil fields contain high ammonium, which can be formed by methanogenic degradation of methylamines into methane and ammonium. Methylamines are added to fracturing fluid to prevent clay swelling or can originate from metabolism of the osmolyte triglycinebetaine (GB). We analyzed field samples from a shale gas reservoir in the Duvernay Formation and from a shale oil reservoir in the Bakken formation in Canada to determine the origin of high ammonium. Fresh waters used to make fracturing fluid, early flow-back waters, and late flow back waters from the shale gas reservoir had increasing salinity of 0.01, 0.58, and 2.66 Meq of NaCl, respectively. Microbial community analyses reflected this fresh water to saline transition with halophilic taxa including Halomonas, Halanaerobium, and Methanohalophilus being increasingly present. Early and late flow-back waters had high ammonium concentrations of 32 and 15 mM, respectively. Such high concentrations had also been found in the Bakken produced waters. Enrichment cultures of Bakken produced waters in medium containing mono, di-, or trimethylamine, or triglycinebetaine (GB) converted these substrates into ammonium (up to 20 mM) and methane. The methylotrophic methanogen Methanohalophilus, which uses methylamines for its energy metabolism and uses GB as an osmolyte, was a dominant community member in these enrichments. Halanaerobium was also a dominant community member that metabolizes GB into trimethylamine, which is then metabolized further by Methanohalophilus. However, the micromolar concentrations of GB measured in shale reservoirs make them an unlikely source for the 1,000-fold higher ammonium concentrations in flow-back waters. This ammonium either originates directly from the reservoir or is formed from methylamines, which originate from the reservoir, or are added during the hydraulic fracturing process. These methylamines are then converted into ammonium and methane by halophilic methylotrophic methanogens, such as Methanohalophilus, present in flow-back waters. KW - Methanogen KW - Oil and gas industry KW - Shale KW - Halophile KW - Corrosion PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-474982 UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2019.00023/full DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2019.00023 VL - 7 SP - Article 23, 1 EP - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Frontiers in Energy Research AN - OPUS4-47498 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Auer, G. A1 - Spanka, M. A1 - Hamann, Christopher A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Thermal zinc extraction from steel mill dust JF - World of Metallurgy – Erzmetall N2 - Treatment and reusing of hazardous wastes have become significant issues of modern societies. Blast furnace sludge (BFS) and electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) are such typical wastes, because they usually contain high amounts of undesirable elements such as zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb). These elements can cause operational problems in reusing of BFS and EAFD. In this study, the Ferro Duo GmbH and the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing have investigated a novel approach for eliminating and/or recovering Zn and Pb from both wastes. Applied was a selective chlorination and volatilization of Zn and Pb as chlorides at temperatures between 500 °C and 1100 °C. Both product obtained, Zn and Pb in the form of ZnCl2 and PbCl2 and the purified solid mineral compound are attractive materials for further use. Hydrochloric acid and iron(II) chloride were used as chlorination agents. Exceptionally high Zn and Pb removal efficiencies of >99.5 % could be achieved with both chlorination agents, whereby iron(II) chloride exhibited better performance. KW - Blast furnace sludge KW - Chlorination KW - Electric arc furnace dust KW - Lead KW - Zinc KW - Thermochemical treatment PY - 2019 SN - 1613-2394 VL - 72 IS - 1 SP - 27 EP - 31 PB - GDMB Verlag GmbH CY - Clausthal-Zellerfeld AN - OPUS4-47288 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -