TY - GEN A1 - Bretz, Simone A1 - Walcher, Jeanine A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Stege, Heike ED - Geiger, Gisela ED - Bretz, Simone T1 - Bronzen, Brokatbronzen, Metall- oder Brokatfarben. Metalleffektpigmente in der Hinterglasmalerei Heinrich Campendonks N2 - Eine maltechnische Eigenart der Hinterglasbilder Heinrich Campendonks liegt in der Verwendung von fein gemahlenen unedlen Metallen wie Kupfer, Zinn, Zink, Aluminium sowie Metalllegierungen wie Messing. Sie waren seinerzeit entweder in Pulverform oder als gebrauchsfertige Malfarben im Handel erhältlich und wurden meist Bronzen, vereinzelt auch Brokatbronzen, Metall- oder Brokatfarben genannt. Der Aufsatz stellt die wesentlichen Aspekte der Metalleffektpigmente in Campendonks Werk vor. KW - Hinterglasmalerei KW - Kunsttechnologie KW - Kunst- und Kulturgut PY - 2017 SN - 978-3-86832-320-7 SP - 90 EP - 95 PB - Wienand Verlag CY - Köln AN - OPUS4-39326 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rabin, Ira ED - Wandrey, T1 - Building a bridge from the Dead Sea Scrolls N2 - As part of the Qumran project conducted at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) in Berlin between 2007 and 2010, my colleagues and I developed a new, integrated methodology for determining the original and acquired properties of highly heterogeneous Dead Sea Scrolls. The purpose of this methodology is to help scholars determine the provenance of fragments of the scrolls and sort and compare them more easily than in the past. Since our measurements allowed us to differentiate between the minerals originating from the production processes and the sediments accrued during storage in the caves in Qumran, we were able to reconstruct the treatment of hides and discovered that at least two distinct parchmentproduction techniques co-existed at the beginning of the common era. The reconstruction of workmanship on animal hides in Antiquity raised doubts about the validity of the current definition of parchment, which is based on a production technique known from the Middle Ages. We hope that our current work will also help researchers understand the characteristic properties of gewil, qelaf and dukhsustos better.¹ The evolution and socio-geographic distribution of writing inks in late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages are the second focus of our investigative work at BAM. We use X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) to determine the chemical composition of inks and NIR reflectography for their typology. We are amply assisted in our ambitious enterprise by codicologists and palaeographers who have adopted our methodology and conduct field studies of their own. KW - Dead Sea Scrolls KW - Medieval Jewish manuscripts KW - Material analysis PY - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-435582 VL - 13 SP - 309 EP - 321 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-43558 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cohen, Zina A1 - Olszowy-Schlanger, Judith A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Rabin, Ira ED - Wandrey, T1 - Composition analysis of writing materials in Geniza fragments N2 - Our current projects focus on the material analysis of the writing materials kept in the Taylor-Schechter Collection at Cambridge University Library, which houses the largest collection of Cairo Geniza fragments, about 190,000. Although Geniza manuscripts have attracted a great deal of scholarly attention, the material aspects of these documents seem to have been largely neglected. The current study aims to obtain information on the composition of the writing supports and the inks that were used, the production of the original manuscripts and the history of their degradation. The collected data should supplement the description based on Hebrew palaeography and codicology. Moreover, a characterisation of the writing materials would provide insights on trade, local production techniques and social structures. The tabulated results have the potential to be used as geo-chronological markers if sufficient data is collected. For our study, we chose Hebrew legal documents and letters from three communities that co-existed in Fustat (today Cairo) in the 11th century: the Jerusalemite (or ‘Palestinian’) community, the Babylonian community and the Karaites, three different communities with different scribal traditions. In addition to this, we studied non-biblical scrolls attributed to the Palestinian and Babylonian communities. The question we addressed was whether we can correlate the use of a specific type of ink to an objective criterion. For our analysis at Cambridge University Library, we used a number of protocols developed at BAM (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung) in Berlin and at the Centre for Study of Manuscript Cultures, University of Hamburg (CSMC). These include reflectographic examination followed by non-destructive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis using transportable instruments so that the analysis can be carried out in situ. We have illustrated our approach here by providing two examples. The first one describes our investigation of the leather fragment containing a portion of the Babylonian Talmud on its hair side (TS Misc.26.53.17). The second example illustrates our ability to compare iron-gall inks using the XRF method. In this case, we explored the question of the codicological attribution of three fragments (TS F17.4, TS 12.755 and TS 12.756) to the same Talmud manuscript. KW - Cairo Genizah PY - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-435590 VL - 13 SP - 323 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-43559 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Baumer, Ursula A1 - Dietemann, Patrick A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Obermeier, Andrea A1 - Stege, Heike A1 - Steger, Simon A1 - Steuer, Christoph A1 - Walcher, Jeanine ED - Geiger, Gisela ED - Bretz, Simone T1 - Die Malmaterialien der Hinterglasbilder Heinrich Campendonks N2 - Die Zusammensetzung der Malfarben Heinrich Campendonks in ihrer Kombination aus Farbpigmenten, Bindemitteln und Metallpulvern ist bislang nahezu unerforscht. Lediglich für wenige Leinwandgemälde des Künstlers liegen publizierte Untersuchungen zu den Farbmitteln vor. Materialanalysen zu den Hinterglasarbeiten des Malers fehlten bisher. Im Rahmen eines Forschungs- und Restaurierungsprojektes im Zeitraum von 2014 bis 2016 wurden naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen an ausgewählten Hinterglasbildern durchgeführt, deren Ergebnisse in diesem Aufsatz vorgestellten werden. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten zunächst nicht-invasiv mit VIS-Spektroskopie, Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse sowie Ramanspektroskopie, weiterhin mit Licht- und Fluoreszenzmikroskopie, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie mit energiedispersiver Röntgenmikroanalyse, Fourier-Transformations-Infrarotspektroskopie, Raman-Mikroskopie und Gas-Chromatografie/Massenspektrometrie. KW - Hinterglasmalerei KW - Kunsttechnologie KW - Kunst- und Kulturgut PY - 2017 SN - 978-3-86832-320-7 SP - 78 EP - 89 PB - Wienand Verlag CY - Köln AN - OPUS4-39325 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stege, Heike A1 - Hahn, Oliver ED - Geiger, Gisela ED - Bretz, Simone T1 - Möglichkeiten moderner Materialanalytik für die Untersuchung von Hinterglasbildern N2 - Materialanalytische Verfahren gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung bei der Beantwortung kulturhistorischer Fragestellungen, etwa nach Werkstatt, Alter, Künstler oder Provenienz eines Artefakts. Auch die Entwicklung geeigneter Restaurierungs- und Konservierungskonzepte bedarf dieser Grundlage ebenso wie die Beurteilung hinsichtlich der Frage nach Fälschung oder Kopie. Dem kunsttechnologisch orientierten Analytiker steht heute eine eindrucksvolle Bandbreite instrumenteller Methoden zur Verfügung, um die beiden Hauptkomponenten verwendeter Malfarben zu identifizieren, d.h. Farb- und Bindemittel. Der nachfolgende Aufsatz enthält eine kurze Zusammenstellung geeigneter Analyseverfahren, die üblicherweise bei der Untersuchung von Gemälden Verwendung finden. KW - Hinterglasmalerei KW - Kunsttechnologie KW - Kunst- und Kulturgut PY - 2017 SN - 978-3-86832-320-7 SP - 74 EP - 77 PB - Wienand Verlag CY - Köln AN - OPUS4-39324 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rohn, H. A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Schmidt, M. A1 - Giegrich, J. A1 - Oberender, C. A1 - Denz, W. A1 - Niebaum, A. ED - Ludwig, C. ED - Matasci, C. T1 - The Guideline Series VDI 4800 Resource Efficiency: An Approach for Increasing Resource Efficiency with Aim of Conservation of Natural Resources in the Industrial Sector N2 - In 2011, the Association of German Engineers (VDI) started working on a set of guidelines towards increased resource efficiency. These guidelines represent a framework that defines resource efficiency and outlines considerations for the producing industry. A special guideline for SMEs is included as well as guidelines on methodologies for evaluating resource use indicators, such as the cumulative raw material demand of products and production systems. Resource efficiency, defined here as the relationship between a specific benefit or use and the natural resources that need to be spent or consumed to attain this benefit or use. It can be evaluated by defining a function which expresses the specific benefit and quantifies the resource requirements through a set of indicators (use of raw materials, energy, water, land and ecosystem services including sinks). The results from this also depend on the system boundary parameters and the allocation rules for by-products and waste treatment options. Optimising resource use is possible at all stages of a product’s or production system’s life cycle chain (raw material extraction, production and manufacturing, use and consumption, and the end-of-life stage). VDI guidelines are widely accepted across Germany’s industrial sector and therefore represent an important means of mainstreaming resource efficiency in this target area. As well as providing a methodological framework, the guidelines describe strategies and measures towards increasing resource efficiency, and they enable industrial producers and service providers to identify potential areas of improvement. The full article presents an overview of the methodology and contents of these guidelines and discusses their impact in achieving absolute reductions in the industrial use of natural resources. KW - Resource efficiency KW - Life cycle thinking KW - Products and production systems KW - Standardization PY - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-426443 UR - https://www.wrforum.org/wrfpublicationspdf/boosting-resource-productivity/ SN - 978-3-9521409-7-0 SP - 125 EP - 132 PB - Paul Scherrer Institute CY - Villigen PSI, Switzerland ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-42644 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -