TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Herzel, Hannes T1 - R-Rhenania - Modifiziertes Rhenania Phosphat aus Klärschlammasche für Bayern N2 - In Bayern wird Klärschlamm aus der kommunalen Abwasserreinigung weitgehend verbrannt. Monoverbrennungsanlagen - ausschließlich für kommunalen Klärschlamm - gibt es in Altenstadt, München, Gendorf, Straubing, Neu-Ulm und zukünftig auch in Augsburg. Die Anlage in Altenstadt verbrennt jährlich ca. 55.000 t Klärschlamm-Trockensubstanz und produziert dabei rund 15.000 t phosphatreiche Aschen. Die Asche aus Altenstadt wird zurzeit überwiegend direkt landwirtschaftlich genutzt. Aufgrund der niedrigen Schadstoffgehalte ist diese Nutzung nach den düngemittelrechtlichen Regelungen gesetzlich zulässig. Um der Intention der neuen Düngeverordnung (26. Mai 2017) nach hocheffizienten, d.h. gut pflanzenverfügbaren Düngemitteln zu entsprechen, ist eine Aufbereitung der Klärschlammasche geplant. Im Rahmen des R-Rhenania Projektes errichten der Betreiber der Klärschlammverbrennungsanlage Altenstadt in Bayern Emter GmbH - und der Düngemittelhersteller sePura GmbH gemeinsam eine AshDec®-Demonstrationsanlage, die im Jahr 2023 den Betrieb aufnehmen soll. Das angewandte AshDec®-Verfahren schließt die Phosphate in der Klärschlammasche thermisch im Drehrohrofen auf und macht diese für Pflanzen vollständig verfügbar. Gleichzeitig werden Schadstoffe wie Arsen, Blei und Cadmium entfernt. Den thermischen Aufschluss kennt man bereits vom erfolgreichen, aber nicht mehr produzierten Düngemittel „Rhenania-Phosphat“, das auf der Basis von Rohphosphaten hergestellt wurde. Die geplante Anlage wird neben den Aschen aus Altenstadt zusätzlich die Aschen aus weiteren bayerischen Verbrennungsanlagen verwerten und für eine Kapazität von 30.000 Jahrestonnen Asche ausgelegt sein. Der Projektpartner sePura plant den produzierten Dünger vollständig in Bayern zu verwerten. Dies verringert die Umweltbelastung durch lange Transportwege und fördert die Regionalität des Vorhabens. T2 - RePhoR Auftaktveranstaltung CY - Online meeting DA - 03.11.2020 KW - Klärschlammasche PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51608 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Loose, Florian A1 - Schlögel, K. A1 - Hee, J. A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Hanna, Adib A1 - Quicker, P. A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - End-of-Life Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Steelmaking - Accessing a C-Rich Residue Stream as Alternative Reducing Agent N2 - As one of the most energy and carbon consuming industries, steelmakers have an intrinsic interest in the development of technologies, reducing their carbon footprint as well as their carbon input. Besides generating new feedstocks from biomass or waste polymers, the valorization of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) waste streams seems to be extremely promising based on the high carbon content of carbon fibers (CF), chars from CFRP and even unprocessed CFRP waste of >92%, 98% and 79%, respectively. Although, reduction of environmental impact from those high-performance materials was achieved by the development of smart recycling solutions, the continuous truncation by mechanical treatment of CF over multiple cycles, analogous to paper fibers, and the large global CFRP waste stream of 62 kt/a demand for a sustainable management of end-of-life (EOL) CFRP. Recently it was demonstrated that CF can be used safely as reductant in pyrometallurgical processes in a downhole electric furnace without significant WHO fiber emission. Therefore we anticipate a huge potential of CF based materials as sustainable reductant for steelmaking in an electric arc furnace (EAF). To facilitate the applicability of EOL CFRP in steelmaking, we investigated the interaction between CF based materials and liquid metal phases, appearing during the process, on different scales. Particularly, we examined the reactivity, wettability and dissolution behavior of CF and CFRP concerning liquid slag and steel. The presented results indicate that understanding the impact of the microstructure of CF on their behavior is crucial for their application in EAF steelmaking without risking potential hazards by WHO fiber emission. Besides the detailed elucidation of structure reactivity relationships of CF, the broader impact on circular economy will be presented. T2 - ESTEP Workshop Resi4Future: Residue valorization in iron and steel industry - sustainable solutions for a cleaner and more competitive future Europe CY - Online meeting DA - 20.11.2020 KW - Carbon Fibers KW - Steelmaking KW - Electric Arc Furnace KW - Secondary Recources KW - Sustainability PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51613 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ghigo, Tea A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Buzi, Paola T1 - Archaeometric analysis of Egyptian inks from Late Antiquity N2 - Presentation of the results obtained on a corpus of Egyptian papyri from Late Antiquity T2 - Research Showcase: studying Greco-Roman Egypt CY - University of Basel, Switzerland DA - 26.09.2019 KW - Ink KW - Archaeometry KW - Manuscripts KW - Coptic PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49969 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ghigo, Tea A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Buzi, Paola T1 - Análisis arqueométrico de tintas N2 - Análisís arquéometrico de tintas de manuscritos Egipcios T2 - IX Jornadas de Papirología CY - Abadía de Montserrat, Spain DA - 08.07.2019 KW - Coptic KW - Archaeometry KW - Ink KW - Manuscripts PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49970 LA - spa AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ghigo, Tea A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Buzi, Paola T1 - Archaeometric analisis of Egyptian inks from Late Antiquity N2 - Archaeometric analisis of Egyptian inks from Late Antiquity: presentation of the results obtaine on a curpus of literary and documentary manuscripts. T2 - International congress of papyrology CY - Lecce, Italy DA - 28.07.2019 KW - Coptic KW - Archaeometry KW - Ink KW - Manuscripts PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49971 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Oliver T1 - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren zur Authentifizierung von Manuskripten und Zeichnungen – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen N2 - Untersuchungen von Zeichnungen und Manuskripten mit zerstörungsfreien Methoden haben in den letzten Jahren enorm zugenommen. Die nicht-invasiven Analysen ermöglichen Informationen zur Herkunft, zum Herstellungsprozess und möglicherweise zum Alter (direkte Dating nicht möglich, Ausnahme: Papierstruktur, Wasserzeichen). Die zerstörungsfreien Analysen können Rückschlüsse auf mögliche Fälschungen geben, sind neben den offensichtlichen Vorteilen jedoch auch mit einzelnen Limitierungen behaftet. Der Vortrag soll anhand einiger Fallbeispiele die Möglichkeiten aber auch Grenzen bei der zerstörungsfreien (mobilen) Auffindung von Fälschungen aufzeigen. T2 - PTS Workshop"Materialwissenschaftliche Untersuchungsmethodenzur Charakterisierung und Authentifizierung von Dokumenten und Kunstwerken auf Papier" CY - Heidenau, Germany DA - 07.11.2019 KW - ZfP KW - Authentifizierung KW - Papier PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49666 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sichler, Theresa T1 - extraWERT – Wertstoffe in Abwasser und Klärschlamm N2 - Im Projekt extraWERT geht es um die Ermittlung von Nährstoffpotenzialen in Abwasser und Klärschlamm. Neben kommunalen Kläranlagen soll auch die Industrie als Quelle für nährstoffreiche Abfallströme betrachtet werden. Mit dem Vortrag sollten Mitglieder des MIV zu einer Projektbeteiligung bewegt werden. Es sollen rohes und gereinigtes Abwasser von direkt einleitenden Betrieben auf Makronährstoffe untersucht werden, neue Erkenntnisse werden insbesondere für die Nährstoffe Calcium und Magnesium erwartet. T2 - Sitzung AG Umwelt Milchindustrie-Verband CY - Kißlegg, Germany DA - 22.10.2019 KW - Klärschlamm KW - Industrielles Abwasser KW - Lebensmittelindustrie KW - Makronährstoffe PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49607 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sichler, Theresa T1 - Vorstellung des REFOPLAN-Projekts extraWERT Erhebung zusätzlicher Wertstoffpotenziale in Klärschlamm N2 - Auf dem Regionalgruppentreffen wurden erste Projektergebnisse vorgestellt und die Probenahmestrategie diskutiert. Vorgestellt wurde eine Rückberechnung der mittleren Wertstoffgehalte aus dem Klärschlamm-Monitoring 2014 (Krüger und Adam) und erste Auswertungen der Klärschlammbericht-Rohdaten aus NRW und Hessen. T2 - DWA-Regionalgruppentreffen Brandenburg-Berlin CY - Fürstenwalde, Germany DA - 04.04.2019 KW - Klärschlamm KW - Landwirtschaft KW - Makronährstoffe KW - AbfKlärV PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49609 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumacher, Julia T1 - Photoregulation of Metabolism in Plant- & Rock-associated Black Fungi N2 - Fungi that share light-flooded habitats with phototrophs may profit from excess photosynthetic products. But to cope with sunlight-associated stresses it is important for fungi to accurately sense and respond to changes in light. To test the hypothesis that light is an environmental cue that Ascomycota use to coordinate growth, stress responses as well as to establish pathogenic or symbiotic relationships, the photoreceptor (PR) distribution in species from different ecological niches was analysed. The genomes of black fungi from phyllosphere and exposed solid surfaces contain multiple photoreceptors (PRs). The filamentous foliar plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea (Leotiomycetes) has a highly sophisticated photosensory and signalling system that helps to avoid light and to locate susceptible hosts. Rock-inhabiting Dothideo- and Eurotiomycetes including Knufia petricola possess equal numbers of PRs along with the same set of protective pigments. This similarity between black fungi from plant and rock surfaces suggests that photoperception and photoregulation are important for fungi that avoid loss of energy and nutrients through cooperation with phototrophs. T2 - European Fungal Secondary Metabolism Symposium CY - Hannover, Germany DA - 30.09.2019 KW - Fungi KW - Secondary metabolism KW - Light regulation KW - Pigments PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49638 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Esparza, M. A1 - Davis, H. A1 - Margy, A. T1 - Infection stage and pathogen life cycle determine collective termite behaviour N2 - Social insects nesting in soil environments are in constant contact with entomopathogens and have evolved disease resistance mechanisms within a colony to prevent the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases. Among these mechanisms: mutual grooming reduces the cuticular load of pathogens, and burial of cadavers and cannibalism can prevent pathogens from replicating within the group. We explored how the rate and type of collective behavioural response is determined by stepwise infection dynamics operating at the level of the individual. Specifically, we infected the eastern subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes with different types of infectious particle and infection route of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and recorded behavioural responses of nestmates to individuals at different times during the progression of infections. As expected, termites groomed conidia-exposed individuals significantly more than controls. Interestingly, grooming was significantly elevated after fungal germination than before, suggesting that pathogen growth cues act as strong stimulators of allogrooming. Conidia-exposed termites were cannibalized, but only after they became visibly ill. By contrast, termites did not groom blastospore-injected individuals more than controls at any time-point following infection. Instead, we found that blastospore-injected individuals were continually cannibalized at a low-level following injection with either viable or heat-killed blastospores, with a marked increase in cannibalism after termites injected with viable blastospores became visibly ill and were close to death. Together, these findings point to the importance of host condition as a cue for social hygienic behavior, and that the host itself appears to emit essential sickness cues that act as targets for its own sacrifice. This demonstrates that termites have independently evolved to both identify and destructively respond to sickness. T2 - VI Central European Meeting of the IUSSI 2019 CY - Wien, Austria DA - 19.03.2019 KW - Termite KW - Evolution KW - Social immunity PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49643 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - The evolution of termite immunity N2 - The termites are a derived eusocial lineage of otherwise non-social cockroaches. Understanding the proximal and ultimate drivers of this major evolutionary transition represents an important goal in biology. One outstanding question concerns the evolution of termite immunity, which is thought to have undergone broad-sweeping adaptations in order to enhance group-level immune protection. To understand the evolutionary origins of termite immunity, we conducted qualitative and quantitative transcriptome analyses along a gradient of sociality. Firstly, we aimed to identify large-scale genetic shifts in immune traits linked to eusociality by comparing immune gene repertoires in solitary and subsocial cockroaches and across a range of eusocial termite lineages. Secondly, we compared the responses of a solitary cockroach, a subsocial wood-roach and different castes of a lower termite species to a non-specific immune challenge, in order to understand how sociality may have influenced the evolution of immune gene regulation. Firstly, we found that termites have a broadly representative repertoire of canonical immune genes as compared to gregarious cockroaches and subsocial wood-roaches. Secondly, with respect to immune challenge, the solitary cockroach and the subsocial wood-roach displayed a similarly comprehensive induced response, while the termite response was considerably dampened by comparison and strongly influenced by caste; with reproductives displaying a generally higher constitutive level of immune-gene expression compared to sterile castes. In summary we did not find termite eusociality to be associated with significant changes in immune gene diversity, but rather to be linked with significant modifications to the regulation of immunity following the origin of division of labour. T2 - Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Lecture Series, Universität Münster CY - Münster, Germany DA - 20.02.2019 KW - Immunity KW - Evolution KW - Ecology KW - Termite KW - Molecular PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49644 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - G-BOP kick-off meeting proposal ideas Ecology and evolution of termite immunity N2 - Results suggest a reduction in immune gene repertoires in termites and possible complementary expression between termite castes. With comparative genomics we will investigate the evolution of gene families related to immunity, try to understand where reductions and expansions take place and relate these changes to shifts in sociality and ecology. The role of TEs in expansions and contractions of immune gene families will be investigated. For these analyses, we propose to generate high quality, highly contiguous genomes of species from different levels of sociality, covering all major termite families. With comparative transcriptomics we will investigate the expression of immune genes in different castes. Via network analyses we will identify pathways indicated in differential immunity between castes and between species of different sociality levels. We will investigate how these pathways have been rewired along the transitions to higher levels of sociality and how, intra-specifically, they change between castes. T2 - Rundgespräch zur Vorbereitung eines SPP G-BOP - Genomic Basis Of Phenotypic Innovations in Insect Evolution CY - Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum, Bonn, Germany DA - 16.05.2019 KW - Bioinformatics KW - Evolution KW - Termites PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49645 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - The evolution of termite immunity N2 - A broad suite of immune adaptations have evolved in social insects which hold close parallels with the immune systems of multicellular individuals. However, comparatively little is known about the evolutionary origins of immunity in social insects. We tackle this by identifying immune genes from 18 cockroach and termite species, spanning a gradient of social lifestyles. Termites have undergone contractions of major immune gene families during the early origin of the group, particularly in antimicrobial effector and receptor proteins, followed by later re-expansions in some lineages. In a comparative gene expression analysis, we find that reproductive individuals of a termite invest more in innate immune regulation than other castes. When colonies encounter immune-challenged nestmates, gene expression responses are weak in reproductives but this pattern is reversed when colony members are immune-challenged individually, with reproductives eliciting a greater response to treatment than other castes. Finally, responses to immune challenge were more comprehensive in both subsocial and solitary cockroaches compared to termites, indicating a reduced overall ability to respond to infection in termites. Our study indicates that the emergence of termite sociality was associated with the evolution of a tapered yet caste-adapted immune system. T2 - 112th Annual Meeting of the German Zoological Society CY - Jena, Germany DA - 10.09.2019 KW - Social KW - E$volution KW - Termite KW - Immunity PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49646 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Phosphorus recovery from waste water, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ashes N2 - A lecture was given about the technical possibilities of phosphorus recovery from waste water, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ashes. The specific situation of Europe and Germany was explained in the context of raw materials dependencies and the legal framework. T2 - Lecture at University of Sao Paulo, Brasil CY - Berlin, Germany and Sao Paulo, Brasil DA - 11.11.2019 KW - Phosphorus recovery KW - Recycling fertilisers KW - Sewage sludge ordinance PY - 2019 N1 - Vorlesung über Adobe Connect an der University of Sao Paulo, Brasilien AN - OPUS4-49590 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rühle, Bastian A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Radnick, Jörg T1 - Perspektive der BAM auf neuartige Materialien N2 - Neuartige Materialien, die bekannte (Werk-)Stoffe mit neuen Funktionalitäten ausstatten, spielen eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle im Bereich der Materialforschung und -prüfung. Das Spektrum neuartiger Materialien reicht von der gezielten Oberflächenfunktionalisierung und -strukturierung makroskopischer Materialien, dünnen Beschichtungen bis hin zu mikro- und nanoskaligen Kompositmaterialien und funktionalen Materialien an der Schnittstelle zur Biologie, Biotechnologie, nachhaltige Energiespeicherung und Sensorik. Dabei bieten neuartige Materialien die Chance, Werkstoffe und Produkte mit erweiterter oder verbesserter Funktionalität zu erhalten und Sicherheit bereits im Designprozess zu berücksichtigen. Durch dieses breite Anwendungsspektrum und die Herausforderungen, die solche Materialien für die Sicherheit in Chemie und Technik mit sich bringen, sind diese in allen Themenfeldern der BAM repräsentiert (Material, Analytical Sciences, Energie, Infrastruktur und Umwelt). Die Aufgaben der BAM erstrecken sich dabei von der Herstellung von Referenzmaterialien für Industrie, Forschung und Regulation, über die Erstellung von standardisierten Referenzverfahren für nachhaltige Messungen im Umwelt- und Lebenswissenschaftsbereich bis hin zur Bereitstellung von belastbaren und zitierbaren Referenzdaten. Durch die genaue Charakterisierung neuartiger Materialien können potentiell problematische Substanzen identifiziert und deren Risiken besser abgeschätzt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden einige aktuelle Beispiele aus diesen Bereichen vorgestellt. T2 - NanoDialog der Bundesregierung - Chancen und Risiken von Neuartigen Materialien CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.05.2019 KW - Advanced Materials KW - Nanomaterialien KW - Neuartige Materialien PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49594 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumacher, Julia T1 - Photoregulation in Plant- & Rock-associated Black Fungi N2 - Fungi that share light-flooded habitats with phototrophs may profit from excess photosynthetic products. But to cope with sunlight-associated stresses it is important for fungi to accurately sense and respond to changes in light. To test the hypothesis that light is an environmental cue that Ascomycota use to coordinate growth, stress responses as well as to establish pathogenic or symbiotic relationships, the photoreceptor (PR) distribution in species from different ecological niches was analysed. The genomes of black fungi from phyllosphere and exposed solid surfaces contain multiple photoreceptors (PRs). The filamentous foliar plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea (Leotiomycetes) has a highly sophisticated photosensory and signalling system that helps to avoid light and to locate susceptible hosts. Rock-inhabiting Dothideo- and Eurotiomycetes including Knufia petricola possess equal numbers of PRs along with the same set of protective pigments. This similarity between black fungi from plant and rock surfaces suggests that photoperception and photoregulation are important for fungi that avoid loss of energy and nutrients through cooperation with phototrophs. T2 - Scientific Colloquium at the Department of Genetics, University of Seville CY - Seville, Spain DA - 24.10.2019 KW - Light sensing KW - Knufia petricola KW - Botrytis cinerea PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49637 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Wintermann, C. A1 - Dietz, Georg A1 - Golle, U. A1 - Ketelsen, T. A1 - Melzer, C. T1 - Braune Tinten – Geschichte und Materialität N2 - Eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Materialien findet für die Gestaltung von Zeichnungen Verwendung. So sind es insbesondere „braune Tinten“, welche die Zeichnungen dominieren. Der Vortrag möchte zunächst einen kurzen Überblick über die Terminologie und die Kunsttechnologie farbiger Tinten geben, um den Kosmos dieser Vielfältigkeit und auch deren Vergänglichkeit zu illustrieren. Der zweite Teil des Vortrags ist dann den sogenannten Bistertinten und deren analytischen Nachweisen gewidmet. Es handelt sich um Zeichentinten, die aus den wasserlöslichen Bestandteilen von Kaminruß gewonnen werden. Die farbliche Bandbreite reicht von gelb-orange bis braun. Zuweilen wurden diese Tinten mit weiteren Pigmenten versetzt, um eine bestimmte Farbtiefe zu erzielen. T2 - 29. Treffen der Grafikrestauratoren CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 25.10.2019 KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Zeichenmaterialien KW - Archäometrie PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49731 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - An, Biwen Annie A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - Brüggemann, Kristin A1 - Wurzler, Nina A1 - Kleinbub, Sherin A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem T1 - Effect of biocides on highly corrosive methanogenic Archaea N2 - Biocide mitigation strategies of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in the oil and gas industry have been primarily used to eliminate the growths of sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM). However, methanogenic Archaea (MA) can also be highly corrosive by using iron as an electron source for methanogenesis. Because of the fundamental physiological differences between archaea and bacteria, responses of MA towards SRM-specific biocides cannot be deduced using SRM. Due to the lack of information available on the effect of biocides on corrosive MA, we selected THPS, glutaraldehyde, nitrate and perchlorate to compare against corrosive SRM. Preliminary results showed that at low concentrations of THPS (0-10 ppm), growth of MA was not affected, methane production and corrosion rates (0.1 mm/yr) were comparable between the different THPS concentrations. On the contrary, the SRM strain showed decreased corrosion rates (0.18 mm/yr to 0.03 mm/yr) with increasing THPS concentrations. Further corrosion tests including electrochemical measurements of different biocides on the growth of MA and SRM will be conducted. Such knowledge not only provide important insights on the physiological response of MA to biocides but also contribute to more effective mitigation strategies that can be both economic and environmentally beneficial. T2 - 25th Annual Reservoir Microbiology Forum CY - London, UK DA - 20.11.2019 KW - Corrosion KW - Methanogen KW - Microorganism KW - Biocide PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49788 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Nationale und internationale Normung - was ist wichtig, was ist neu N2 - Normativ ist der Holzschutz in Deutschland durch die DIN 68800-Reihe geregelt. Die Normungsarbeit in CEN/TC 38 bildet dafür den Rahmen, der national angepasst und fachspezifisch erweitert wurde. Zusammen mit dem Kommentar ergeben beide ein in Europa einzigartiges Regelkompendium im Holzschutz. In Zukunft wird die Regelsetzung noch stärker durch internationale Zusammenarbeit bestimmt sein. Der interkontinentalen Marktöffnung sollten Verständigungen auf gemeinsame Qualitätsstandards vorausgehen. T2 - Holzschutztagung Deutsche Bauchemie 2019 CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 21.11.2019 KW - Normung KW - Europa KW - Holzschutz PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49724 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schütter, Jan A1 - Pietsch, Franziska A1 - Schreiber, Frank A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem T1 - Effect of surface topography and chemistry on the attachment of bacteria on solid surfaces N2 - Microbiologically induced corrosion due to bacterial biofilms causes several problems in industrial systems, technical applications and in medicine. Prior to the formation of a biofilm on a substrate, planktonic cells attach on the surface. Hence, the properties of the surface play a key role in biofilm formation and are of great importance for the development of strategies to prevent bacterial attachment and biofilm formation. This project aims at clarifying to which extent surface micro-/nanostructuring and chemical functionalization affects bacterial attachment and whether a synergistic combination of the two can be used to control bacterial adhesion. To answer these questions, model surfaces with regular patterns of 5-10 micrometers in size have been prepared, which provide distinct zones differing in terms of their chemistry or nano-roughness. This was achieved by micro contact printing of self-assembled monolayers with different functional groups and deposition of patterned ZnO nanorod arrays for studying the effect of surface chemistry and morphology, respectively. Typical contrasts studied were combinations of positively/negatively charged, hydrophobic/hydrophilic or flat/rough. The attachment behavior of bacteria on tailored surfaces were studied in a flow chamber as a function of time. The strain Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 was chosen as a model organism. DNA-intercalating dyes such as Syto9 have a high affinity to adsorb on ZnO nanorods. To overcome this limitation a genetic modification was performed by introducing a gene which expresses a green fluorescent protein in P. fluorescens SBW25 enabling the quantitative evaluation of the flow chamber studies by means of fluorescence microscopy. Further analysis of the attachment behavior was performed by means of scanning electron microscopy. The presentation will summarize the results of our systematic study on the role of individual parameters on bacterial attachment and highlight synergistic combinations, showing an inhibition or enhancing effect. As the investigations with model substrates enable a precise control of the surface parameters, this approach can be applied to different microorganisms and material systems to achieve a correlative description of bacterial adhesion on solid surfaces. T2 - Eurocorr2019 CY - Sevilla, Spain DA - 09.09.2019 KW - Microbial KW - Corrosion KW - MIC KW - Nanorods PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49730 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wurzler, Nina A1 - Wagner, Ralph A1 - Schutter, Jan David A1 - Das, Chayanika A1 - Dimper, Matthias A1 - An, Biwen A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - Lützenkirchen-Hecht, Dirk A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem T1 - Effect of cultivation conditions on the electrochemical activity of metal reducing bacteria (mrb) on stainless steel surfaces N2 - Investigation of the electrochemical activity of two cultures grown with and without abundance of Fe(III) and their different ability to reduce and therefore dissolve iron oxides in steel and model iron thin films. T2 - Eurocorr2019 CY - Sevilla, Spain DA - 09.09.2019 KW - X-ray spectroscopic techniques KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion KW - MIC KW - XANES KW - Metal reducing bacteria KW - In situ PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49692 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Melzer, C. A1 - Wintermann, C. A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Golle, U. A1 - Ketelsen, T. A1 - Dietz, Georg T1 - Red chalk as a medium of transfer in dutch and flemish drawings N2 - The Weimar research project has set the goal of placing style-critical research on Old Master drawings on a new, methodologically proven foundation. The starting point is the stock of Dutch drawings possessed by the Klassik Stiftung Weimar, whose extent (ca. 1,400 items) and character make it one of the most significant outside the Netherlands. The focus here is on drawings that were executed with red chalk. This drawing material has different functions - one of which is the use as a transmission material. The methodological approach is double: first, the scientific indexing of this stock. The foundations for this, along with classic analysis of style, are innovative material-scientific methods of investigation. T2 - Red Chalk Drawings. Sources, Techniques and Styles c. 1500-1800 CY - Florence, Italy DA - 18.09.2019 KW - Drawing KW - Red chalk KW - Non-destructiv testing PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50240 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumacher, Julia T1 - Rock-EATING FUNGI - Genetic Dive into the Biology of the Microcolonial Black Fungus Knufia petricola N2 - Microcolonial black fungi are a group of ascomycetes that exhibit high stress tolerance, yeast‑like growth and constitutive melanin formation. They dominate a range of hostile natural and man‑made environments, from desert rocks and salterns to dishwashers, roofs and solar panels. Due to their slow growth and a lack of genetic tools, the underlying mechanisms of black fungi’s phenotypic traits have remained largely unexplored. We chose to address this gap by genetically engineering the rock‑inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola (Eurotiomycetes, Chaetothyriales), a species that exhibits all characteristics of black fungi. The state‑of‑the‑art genetic toolkit, together with the annotated genome sequence of strain A95, firmly established K. petricola as a model for exploring microcolonial black fungi. T2 - VAAM-Jahrestagung 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 18.03.2021 KW - Fungus KW - Genetics KW - Marble PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52496 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seneschal-Merz, Karine A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Sander, C. T1 - Development of low melting glasses as durable transparent enamel colors for the manufacture of decorated glass panels N2 - Today glass is broadly used in modern architecture. For applications indoor it is possible to produce decor glass by using enamel colors and glass painting techniques without any problems. However, this is more limited for applications outdoor. Humidity and environmental pollution attack the surface of the coating and damage it strongly. There are only few colors on the market which are resistant towards acids and bases until now. Additionally, most of those colors are opaque. In order to extend the color palette, chemically resistant colored glasses are being developed which are transparent, relatively low melting and intensively toned even in thin coat thickness. To achieve such ambitious aim, many parameters have to match which act in complex manner. Metal oxides were used to color the glasses. A lead-free glass composition was developed to avoid an exposition of heavy metals to the environment. The glasses were characterized, in particular in terms of their thermal properties, their crystallization and corrosion behavior as well as their chemical and environmental durability. Different practical applications will be shown. T2 - 15th International Conference on the Physics of Non-Crystalline Solids & 14th European Society of Glass Conference CY - Saint-Malon, France DA - 08.07.2018 KW - Glass KW - Chemical durability KW - Corrosion KW - Enamel colors KW - Low melting KW - Environmental friendly KW - Architecture KW - Thermal properties PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45755 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bartelmeß, Jürgen A1 - Gawlitza, Kornelia A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Chlvi-Iborra, Katherine A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - Noske, Reinhard A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Rurack, Knut T1 - Developments Towards a BODIPY-based fluorometric sensing device for multiple hazardous gases N2 - Fluorometric sensing is a versatile approach for trace analysis outside of the laboratory, requiring suitable sensor materials and their integration into sensing devices. The versatility of fluorophores as probes, especially in terms of the possibility to tailor their optical as well as their recognition properties by synthetic modifications in a wide range, renders them as superior active component for the preparation of optical sensing devices. Recent works at BAM in this field include, for example, the detection of nerve gas agents, illustrating impressively the aforementioned benefits of fluorophores in optical sensing applications. In the interdisciplinary project presented here, we target hazardous gases such as ammonia, benzene, and hydrogen sulfide, next to others, which pose a major threat to human health and environmental safety and for which the availability of a sensitive and reliable detection method is highly desirable. The dyes presented follow a “turn-on” fluorescence schematic, which allows for the selective and sensitive detection of the respective gaseous analyte. The immobilization of the probe in polymeric matrices is then the next step toward the fabrication of a prototype device for molecular sensing. Further steps in the project include the assembly of instruments for test-atmosphere generation, the referencing of the sensor system, development and implementation of an optical setup, and the testing of the prototype device under laboratory conditions and in the field. In this presentation, we give an overview over the recent developments on this topic in our groups. Highlights are hydrogen sulfide sensitive, BODIPY based transition metal complexes, which allow for a sensitive as well as selective detection of the toxic gas. In addition, we present a novel class of highly substituted BODIPY derivatives – pocket-BODIPYs – which are of a synthetically high versatility and can readily be modified to create pockets in the periphery of the molecule of defined geometries. This is illustrated on the successful encapsulation of benzene by a pocket-BODIPY derivative, confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis as well as by further spectroscopic and analytical methods. T2 - International Conference on Porphyrins and Phthalocyanins (ICPP-10) CY - Munich, Germany DA - 01.07.2018 KW - BODIPY dye KW - Fluorometric sensing KW - Gas sensing PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45646 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Stahl, E. A1 - Meiller, M. A1 - Dombinov, V. A1 - Herzel, Hannes T1 - ASHES-nutrient recycling from the thermo-chemical processing of waste bagasse and straw - Clips from a German-Brazilian collaborative research project N2 - The challenge of the project ASHES is focused on the recycling of nutrients from residues of thermochemical processing of by-products of sugar cane industry (bagasse/straw) in Brazil to increase the energy efficiency of thermal conversion and to enable the recycling of process ashes as fertilisers. Dry lignocellulosic biomass (straw, bagasse) are combusted, gasified and subsequently combined with post-thermochemical treatment in the AshDec process to increase the plant availability of phosphorus. Different fertilizer formulations are granulated/pelletized and tested regarding their storage/handling characteristics. T2 - Biomass Ash 2018 CY - Kopenhagen, Denmark DA - 06.06.2018 KW - Bagasse KW - Nutrient KW - Recycling PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45652 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas T1 - Approval of geosynthetics, polymers and leak detection systems for German landfills N2 - Geokunststoffe spielen sowohl im internationalen als auch im deutschen Deponiebau eine Schlüsselrolle. Seit dem Erscheinen der Deponieverordnung (DepV) im Jahre 2009 bedürfen Geokunststoffe, Polymere und Dichtungskontrollsysteme einer Zulassung durch die BAM, wenn diese in deutschen Deponieabdichtungssystemen eingesetzt werden sollen. Die DepV stellt dabei allgemeine Anforderungen an die Geokunststoffe und den Zulassungsprozess für die Produkte auf. Geokunststoffe müssen danach ihre Funktion unter allen zu erwartenden äußeren und inneren Einflüssen über einen Zeitraum von mindestens 100 Jahren erfüllen. Dichtungskontrollsysteme müssen ihre Funktion über mindestens 30 Jahre erfüllen. Die Anforderungen der DepV werden durch die Zulassungsrichtlinien der BAM in konkrete technische Anforderungen für die Produkte aber auch für das Qualitätsmanagement und den Einbau etc. überführt. Bei der Erarbeitung der Zulassungsrichtlinien wird die BAM durch einen Fachbeirat, der sich aus Experten aus allen relevanten Bereichen zusammensetzt, beraten. Der Vorsitz des Fachbeirats liegt beim UBA. Es soll eine kurze Übersicht über die Produkte und die wichtigsten Anforderungen gegeben werden. Zudem soll erläutert werden, durch welche Maßnahmen in der Produktion und auf der Deponiebaustelle eine gleichbleibende Qualität der Produkte gewährleistet wird. T2 - COLLOQUIUM DEPARTMENT 4 „MATERIALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT” CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.11.2018 KW - Deponien KW - Geokunststoffe KW - Polymere KW - Dichtungskontrollsysteme PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46659 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas T1 - Die Zulassung von Geokunststoffen nach der deutschen Deponieverordnung N2 - Seit dem Erscheinen der Deponieverordnung (DepV) bedürfen Geokunststoffe, Polymere und Dichtungskontrollsysteme einer Zulassung durch die BAM, wenn diese in deutschen Deponieabdichtungssystemen eingesetzt werden sollen. Die DepV ermöglicht den Einsatz verschiedener Komponenten. Sie stellt dabei allgemeine Anforderungen an die Geokunststoffprodukte auf. Dadurch beschreibt sie den Stand der Technik für Geokunststoffe, die in deutschen Abdichtungen eingesetzt werden. Diese Anforderungen werden durch die Zulassungsrichtlinien der BAM in konkrete technische Spezifikationen überführt. In dem Beitrag wird eine Übersicht über die Produkte und die entsprechenden Anforderungen gegeben. Zudem soll erläutert werden, durch welche Qualitätsmanagementmaßnahmen eine gleichbleibende Qualität und Funktionserfüllung der Produkte gewährleistet wird. T2 - 14. DEPONIEWORKSHOP Liberec - Zittau 2018 CY - Liberec, Czech Republic DA - 15.11.2018 KW - Deponien KW - Geokunststoffe KW - Polymere KW - Dichtungskontrollsysteme PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46661 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Schatten, Rene A1 - Szuppa, Tony T1 - Anpassungsbedarf für Untersuchungsmethoden nach BBodSchV zur Optimierung der Bewertung von Boden und Bodenmaterialien N2 - Im Beitrag wurden auf der Basis der Ergebnisse des laufenden UFOPLAN-Forschungsvorhabens „Monitoring zur Verwertung von Bodenmaterial“ die nach BBodSchV anzuwendenden Untersuchungsverfahren bewertet und Probleme bei der Untersuchung von Bodenmaterial insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit der Analyse von PAK im Feststoff und im Eluat aufgezeigt. Dabei wurde der Einfluss der Probenaufbereitung und Probenvorbereitung vor der Analytik berücksichtigt. T2 - 39. Sitzung des Fachbeirates für Bodenuntersuchungen des BMU CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 18.10.2018 KW - Bodenmaterial KW - Verwertung KW - BBodSchV KW - PAK PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46584 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Herzel, Hannes A1 - Kugler, Stefan Anton A1 - Schaaf, T. A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Herstellung neuer Düngemittelausgangsstoffe durch thermochemische Behandlung von Klärschlammaschen N2 - Der Fachbereich 4.4 hat zusammen mit der Firma Outotec ein thermochemisches Verfahren im Drehrohrofen entwickelt, um die Phosphorphasen in Klärschlammasche umzuwandeln, damit die behandelten Aschen als Dünger eingesetzt werden können. In dem Vortrag wird das Verfahren erklärt, die Düngewirkung dargestellt und Pilotversuche vorgestellt. T2 - Berliner Klärschlammkonferenz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.11.2018 KW - Thermochemisch KW - Alkalien KW - Dünger KW - Phosphor KW - Upscaling PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46602 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Mathies, Helena T1 - Transformation of biocides in organic coatings due to UV radiation and water contact N2 - Transformation of carbendazim, diuron, octylisothiazolinone and terbutryn was investigated in two paints containing either white titanium dioxide or a red iron oxide pigment. Test specimens of these coatings on glass were exposed to water contact and UVA-radiation under laboratory conditions. Panels of birch plywood were coated and exposed to natural weather conditions in a field experiment. Concentrations of biocides and transformation products were analysed in leachates from laboratory tests, runoff samples and remaining coatings. Water contact, UVA radiation as well as pigments in the paints affected the pattern and amount of transformation products. T2 - Advanced Coationgs Technology '18 CY - Sosnowiec, Poland DA - 13.11.2018 KW - Biocide KW - Transformation KW - Weathering KW - UV radiation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46648 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Steger, Simon A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Stege, H. A1 - Oesterle, D. A1 - Bretz, S. A1 - Geiger, G. T1 - Disclosing a new aspect in modern European art: multidisciplinary analysis of modern reverse paintings on glass (1905-1955) N2 - The technique of painting on the reverse side of a glass panel was rediscovered by German artists at the beginning of the 20th century. They appreciated the impressive gloss, luminosity, and depth of colours in this genre. Compared to stained glass, the distinctive properties of this technique are: (1) the paint is applied “cold”, hence, it doesn’t involve a firing step, (2) reverse paintings on glass are framed and always viewed in reflected light and (3) the reverse paint stratigraphy is different from canvas paintings, starting with the front most layer and ending with the backing layer. In 1908 several artists, including Gabriele Münter, Wassily Kandinsky, Heinrich Campendonk, August Macke and Franz Marc of the “Der Blaue Reiter” (the Blue Rider) collective took an interest in this technique and started to share their interest with other colleagues in Europe. Our pioneering project is tracing this transfer of knowledge by a multidisciplinary approach in terms of art history, paint technology and material science. More than 100 artists and >1000 reverse paintings on glass were identified during the project. This high number of objects clearly points out that this technique was by far more important for modern art than previously assumed. In-situ, non-invasive measurements (XRF, Raman, VIS, DRIFTS) on a well-considered selection of 67 paintings reveal the broad palette of colorants ranging from traditional to experimental. Special attention is paid to the impact of synthetic organic pigments (SOP) in artists palette. Demonstrative examples by W. Kandinsky, L. G. Buchheim and F. Jespers are used to discuss analytical challenges and highlights. T2 - Art & Archaeology 2018 CY - Jerusalem, Israel DA - 09.12.2018 KW - Reverse glass painting KW - Spectroscopy KW - In-situ analysis PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47042 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cohen, Zina A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Schlanger, Judith T1 - Quelles informations une approche archéométrique peut-elle nous apporter pour enrichir notre connaissance des manuscrits hébreux et du monde de la Génizah du Caire ? N2 - L'archéométrie est une discipline riche qui peut nous apporter beaucoup d'informations sur l'étude des manuscrits et qui, conjuguée à la paléographie et la codicologie, peut s'apporter un outil précieux pour mieux appréhender les sociétés qui ont produits ces manuscrits. Nous verrons ici quelques exemples de techniques scientifiques non destructives, principalement appliqués à la Génizah du Caire, appliquées à l'étude des manuscrits. T2 - Tagung CY - Paris, France DA - 10.12.2018 KW - XRF KW - Ink KW - Archaeometry KW - Manuscripts KW - Non destructive PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47098 LA - fra AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cohen, Zina A1 - Schlanger, J. A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Rabin, Ira T1 - Cairo Genizah documents of the 11th century: analysis of writing materials N2 - The Cairo Geniza is an “archive” discovered in the 19th century in Ben Ezra Synagogue in Fustat, a district in Old Cairo (Egypt). The collection of mostly Jewish documents that vary in genres, languages and writing supports contains a large number of early medieval Hebrew manuscripts. The Geniza provides sources for the literary, linguistic, historical studies of the various aspects Jewish life. As the documents attest, at least two Jewish communities co-existed in Fustat up to 11th century: a so-called Babylonian and Palestinian. These communities had different leaders, different traditions and lived independently. The differences seem to manifest themselves also in the paleographical, codicological and some material properties of the manuscripts produced by each community. The aim of this project is to compare the inks used in the Jewish documents depending on different variables: support (paper, parchment), purpose of the manuscript (legal, private, religious), provenance of the scribe. For the determination of the inks type and composition we had to choose non-invasive, non-destructive and portable techniques to analyze the corpus directly on-situ. The analyses were carried out with a micro-X-ray spectrometer ArtTAX® (Bruker GmbH) and a digital stereomicroscope features built-in LED illumination at 395 nm and 940nm, Dino Lite. We would like to stress that though the methods of material analysis listed above have been successfully employed in the field of cultural heritage and conservation including ancient and medieval manuscripts they have not yet been used to study fragments from the Cairo Genizah. Therefore, we believe that this research project is a pioneering study that will provide new insights into the history of Hebrew writing materials, their production techniques and materials and, thus, contribute new data to the field of Hebrew paleography. T2 - Konferenz Art&Archaeology2018 – 3rd International Conference CY - Jerusalem, Israel DA - 09.12.2018 KW - XRF KW - Ink KW - Manuscripts KW - Cairo Genizah KW - Reflectography PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47100 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Phosphorus recovery from wastewater - Developments and perspective in Germany N2 - A new sewage sludge ordinance was set in force in Germany in 2017 that makes phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge mandatory. The technological possibilities for P-recovery from waste water, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash were presented. T2 - International Workshop Nutrient Stewardship & Next-Generation Fertilisers CY - Heron Island, Australia DA - 15.12.2018 KW - Phosphorus recovery PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47110 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bonnerot, Olivier A1 - Bosch, S. A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Hahn, Oliver T1 - Scientific service project z02 at the csmc: material-science methods of reconstructing the history of manuscripts N2 - Z02 is one of the three technically supporting projects at the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures (CSMC). In collaboration with the other two service projects, Z01 and Z03, it aims at bridging the gap between humanities and natural sciences and technology. To that purpose, we set up a laboratory with a range of high-end instruments, most of them mobile, allowing thorough non-destructive analysis of manuscripts. In addition to working on constantly improving the laboratory and the methods of analysis, a substantial part of our activities is dedicated to service, by supporting different research projects conducted at the centre. In this talk, we will present our equipment and the possibilities offered by the different techniques available regarding the different kinds of missions: typology and classification of inks, provenance studies, recovery of faded inscriptions and palimpsests, reconstruction of the history of manuscripts, authentication and dating. We will give a brief overview of our past and ongoing activities in the frame of the second phase of the CSMC. Finally, a selection of projects will be presented in greater detail to highlight the possibilities of our laboratory and the diversity of missions which can be carried out. T2 - Konferenz: Art & Archaeology 2018 CY - Jerusalem, Israel DA - 09.12.2018 KW - Manuscripts KW - Inks KW - CSMC KW - Pigments PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47039 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ghigo, Tea A1 - Buzi, Paola A1 - Rabin, Ira T1 - New approaches to the analysis of ancient inks N2 - 4.5 protocol for ink analysis and new possible fronteers: SERS and ASAP-MS. T2 - Art and Archaeology conference - Jerusalem CY - Jerusalem, Israel DA - 10.12.2018 KW - ASAP-MS KW - Ancient INKS KW - NIR reflectography KW - XRF KW - SERS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47080 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Evolution, recombination and virulence of emerging bee viruses N2 - Bee populations have declined significantly in recent years and this is thought to be attributable at least in part to the (re-)emergence of viruses. These viruses are predominantly positive single stranded (+ss) RNA viruses belonging to the Picornavirales. Managed honeybees are often infested with the invasive mite, Varroa destructor, which vectors RNA viruses including Deformed wing virus (DWV, family Iflaviridae): a leading culprit of colony losses. Many bee viruses have been sequenced and structural features are now available for viruses such as DWV. DWV consists of at least 3 distinct genotypes, two of which have been shown to be differentially virulent in honeybees. Molecular studies have demonstrated that DWV has a mean evolutionary rate of 1.35 x 10-3 per site per year. For such viruses – in contrast to their eukaryotic hosts – ecological and evolutionary timescales significantly overlap. This rapid evolution allows RNA viruses to adapt quickly to novel host environments with recombination representing an additional key source of genetic variation. Interestingly, recombination between genotypes of DWV has recently been shown to be a common occurrence in honeybees. A challenge has been to develop bioinformatics tools that can accurately reconstruct viral haplotypes – including recombinants – from heterogenous high-throughput sequence data. The impact of blood-to-blood Varroa destructor transmission on virus evolution represents an important question in bee virus research. Due to the nature of the V. destructor life cycle, predictions can be made about the potential impact of the mite on virus virulence evolution. Specifically, the developing honeybee host pupa should remain alive until close to the completion of metamorphosis to provide sufficient time for successful mite reproduction, including offspring mating. For optimal transmission, any virus found in a mature and mated daughter mite will hold a significant selective advantage over a virus found in an immature or unmated daughter mite – placing a cost on virus virulence that impacts honeybee pupae before mites can mate. On the other side, viruses replicating too slowly and with delayed virulence effects will hold a selective handicap because fewer transmission units will be found in mated mites. I have hypothesized that the evolution of virus virulence shifted following the arrival of V. destructor, with viruses, including recombinants and/or specific viral genotypes being selected for a level of virulence in pupae (and likely also in adults) that maximises R0, which represents the basic reproductive number of the virus in the host population. R0 is defined by the number of subsequent infections caused by a single infection and it must be greater than 1 for an infection to spread in a population. It is enhanced by maximising the number of transmission units passed to uninfected susceptible vectors, and ultimately hosts (Figure 1). Honeybee viruses are also shared with sympatric wild bees and viral prevalence and sequence data indicate frequent virus transmission between managed and wild bee species. In addition to infecting the western honeybee (Apis mellifera), DWV can infect other Asian honeybee species such as Apis ceranae. Outside of honeybees, DWV has been found widely in bumblebees, including solitary bees and wasps and there is evidence that it can actively replicate in several Bombus and solitary bee species. Whether the arrival of the V. destructor mite in A. mellifera has driven viral emergence in non-Apis bees is a target of ongoing research. T2 - 2nd European Virus Bioinformatics Centre (EVBC) conference CY - Utrecht, Netherlands DA - 09.05.2018 KW - Virus KW - Virulence KW - Bees PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47155 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Emerging Viruses in Bees: From Molecules toEmerging bee viruses: from molecules to host and vector ecology Ecology N2 - Technical advances in the study of molecular evolution have crystallized the fundamental insight that many bee pathogens evolve and adapt over timescales that overlap with host ecology. At the same time, the role played by bee host community ecology is increasingly being appreciated in host-parasite interactions. Here, we focus on Deformed wing virus (DWV) and present recent studies exploring the link between virulence, DWV genetic diversity and changes to host ecology - namely the arrival of an invasive ectoparasite, the Varroa destructor mite, which vectors viruses between honeybees. Specifically, we show how V. destructor may have created conditions for the emergence of more virulent strains of DWV in the western honeybee, Apis mellifera. We present a molecule-to-ecology framework to help interpret findings and to guide future hypotheses, emphasizing the role of molecular interactions between viruses and host immunity as drivers of change at the bee population level. T2 - International Union for the Study of Social Insects (IUSSI2018) CY - Guaruja, Brazil DA - 05.08.2018 KW - Disease KW - Virus KW - Emerging KW - Pathogen KW - Bee PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47156 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Exploring RNA viruses in edible insects: a case study using cockroaches, termites N2 - Our understanding of RNA viruses from edible insects is minimal at best, with studies largely focusing on model insect species and those associated with obvious signs of disease. This represents a considerable gap in understanding, given the growing role of insects as a source of food and feed, as well as the more general relevance of insects in agriculture and health. Illness due to entomophagy is rare but well documented, including fatal cases following the consumption of termites. Termites are eaten commonly in tropical Asia, Africa and South America, and are among the insects with the highest recorded fat content. There are many species of termites, with a wide range of diets and habitats centering around the consumption of wood and soil substrates. In this study, we report the results from a survey of more than 30 cockroach and termite transcriptomes, with the aim of understanding the diversity and evolution of RNA viruses as well as other potentially pathogenic organisms that are associated with this relevant but somewhat overlooked group of insects. We discuss our results in the context of the possible zoonotic risk posed by insects, as well as in the context of emerging viral and other disease threats that may face insects being reared at industrial scales. T2 - 4th International INSECTA 2018 Conference CY - Giessen, Germany DA - 05.09.2018 KW - Edible insects KW - Emerging KW - Virus KW - Pathogen KW - Termite KW - Cockroach PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47157 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - The evolution of termite immunity N2 - The termites are a derived eusocial lineage of otherwise non-social cockroaches. Understanding the proximal and ultimate drivers of this major evolutionary transition represents an important goal in biology. One outstanding question concerns the evolution of termite immunity, which is thought to have undergone broad-sweeping adaptations in order to enhance group-level immune protection. To understand the evolutionary origins of termite immunity, we conducted qualitative and quantitative transcriptome analyses along a gradient of sociality. Firstly, we aimed to identify large-scale genetic shifts in immune traits linked to eusociality by comparing immune gene repertoires in solitary and subsocial cockroaches and across a range of eusocial termite lineages. Secondly, we compared the responses of a solitary cockroach, a subsocial wood-roach and different castes of a lower termite species to a non-specific immune challenge, in order to understand how sociality may have influenced the evolution of immune gene regulation. Firstly, we found that termites have a broadly representative repertoire of canonical immune genes as compared to gregarious cockroaches and subsocial wood-roaches. Secondly, with respect to immune challenge, the solitary cockroach and the subsocial wood-roach displayed a similarly comprehensive induced response, while the termite response was considerably dampened by comparison and strongly influenced by caste; with reproductives displaying a generally higher constitutive level of immune-gene expression compared to sterile castes. In summary we did not find termite eusociality to be associated with significant changes in immune gene diversity, but rather to be linked with significant modifications to the regulation of immunity following the origin of division of labour. T2 - BeGenDiv Annual Genomics Symposium 2018 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 02.10.2018 KW - Evolution KW - Immunity KW - Termite PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-471581 AN - OPUS4-47158 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erdmann, Maren A1 - Kleinbub, Sherin A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Niebergall, Ute A1 - Koerdt, Andrea T1 - Initial attachment of bacteria on PE-HD by fluorescence microscopy and colony-forming unit N2 - The first documentation of fuel biodeterioration dates back to the late 19th century. However, extensive studies concerning the microbial fuel contamination started in 1980’s. Polymeric fuel storage tanks containing diesel and biodiesel provide environmental conditions for microbial growth. Several studies demonstrated that bacteria, which were found in contaminated fuel systems, can use fuels as macronutrient; but such bacteria can also cause microbiologically influenced corrosion and fouling. The aim of this study is to investigate the initial attachment behavior of bacteria, isolated from a diesel contamination, on neat and photooxidized high-density polyethylene (PE-HD). Two common PE-HD’s, less- and biodiesel-stabilized, were radiated to UV light representing a tank exposed to sunlight. The effect of photooxidiation on PE-HD’s surface were characterized chemically by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The attached bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis on the polymer surface were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and colony-forming unit tests (CFU). T2 - MoDeSt2018 CY - Tokio, Japan DA - 02.09.2018 KW - PE-HD KW - Initial attachment KW - UV-irradiation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45893 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kratz, S. A1 - Bloem, E. A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Vogel, Christian T1 - Pflanzenverfügbarkeit und agronomischen Effizienz von klärschlammbasierten Phosphor(P)-Recyclingdüngern N2 - Die agronomische Effizienz von Düngemitteln wird üblicherweise im Vegetationsversuch geprüft. Vegetationsversuche erlauben die Betrachtung unterschiedlicher Kulturpflanzen und deren Strategien der Nährstoffmobilisierung und -aneignung ebenso wie die Berücksichtigung verschiedener Substrattypen und deren Eigenschaften hinsichtlich Nährstofffixierung und –freisetzung. Solche Versuche, selbst wenn sie nicht im Feld, sondern nur im Gefäß durchgeführt werden, sind jedoch sowohl zeit- als auch kostenintensiv. In erster Näherung wird die Pflanzenverfügbarkeit insbesondere von Phosphor (P)-Düngemitteln daher herkömmlicherweise mit Hilfe standardisierter chemischer Extraktionsmethoden abgeschätzt, deren Durchführung in der deutschen ebenso wie in der europäischen Düngemittelverordnung normiert ist. Diese Methoden werden auch im Rahmen der staatlichen Düngemittelverkehrskontrolle genutzt, um die Einhaltung düngemittelrechtlicher Vorgaben zu überprüfen. Wie jüngere Arbeiten gezeigt haben, ist jedoch die Übertragung herkömmlicher Standardextraktionsmethoden auf neue Dünger aus Recyclingmaterialien wie Klärschlamm mit einigen Schwierigkeiten verbunden, Korrelationen zwischen P-Aufnahme im Vegetationsversuch und chemischer Löslichkeit im Standardextrakt sind oft nur mäßig bis schwach oder überhaupt nicht signifikant. Die vorliegende Literaturübersicht gibt einen Überblick zum aktuellen Stand des Wissens über die chemische Löslichkeit von klärschlammbasierten P-Recyclingdüngern, deren Effizienz im Vegetationsversuch und statistische Relationen zwischen beiden Parametern. Anschließend werden alternative Methoden zur Abschätzung der P-Verfügbarkeit von Recyclingdüngern vorgestellt, die derzeit Gegenstand der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion sind. T2 - Berliner Klärschlammkonferenz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.11.2018 KW - Düngemittel KW - Phosphor KW - Klärschlamm PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46503 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pietsch, Franziska A1 - Schreiber, Frank T1 - Selection of resistance in bacteria grown on antimicrobial surfaces in a multidrug environment N2 - Bacterial biofilms are regarded as the most common cause of chronic infections and are often associated with medical devices, such as implants and catheters. Bacteria growing in biofilms produce a protective, extracellular matrix, which enables them to tolerate much higher antimicrobial concentrations than free-living bacteria and survive long enough to acquire antimicrobial resistance. Preventive and therapeutic strategies against biofilm infections in clinical settings commonly involve the application of multiple antimicrobials: antimicrobial coatings on the biomaterials and systemically administered antibiotics. This frequent practice harbors the risk of the development of cross-resistance via shared resistance mechanisms between antimicrobials used in material coatings and administered antibiotics. Our goal is to determine how population dynamics within biofilms affect the transmission of resistance mutations. Specifically, we want to identify antimicrobial-antibiotic-combinations that select for and against antibiotic resistance in biofilms by following the population dynamics of resistant and susceptible strains in competition assays. Gaining a better understanding about resistance development and spread in persistent biofilm infections will enable us to provide clinical recommendations for improved administration of antibiotics/antimicrobials in combination with medical device materials to mitigate against biofilm associated antimicrobial resistance. Here, we will discuss our first findings on the effects of combinations of the carbapenem drug meropenem and various antimicrobials. T2 - The Antimicrobial Resistance on Biomaterials Workshop CY - St. Gallen, Switzerland DA - 25.10.2018 KW - Resistance KW - Antimicrobials PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46526 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Verfahren zur Phosphorrückgewinnung aus Abwasser und Klärschlamm N2 - Im Vortrag werden die relevanten Verfahren zur Phosphorrückgewinnung aus Abwasser und Klärschlamm im Kontext Recht, Umweltwirkung, Ökonomie und Produktqualität vorgestellt. T2 - Berliner Klärschlammkonferenz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.11.2018 KW - Phosphorrückgewinnung PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46535 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wurzler, Nina A1 - Kleinbub, Sherin A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem T1 - Effect of conditioning layers on the attachment and biofilm formation of electroactive bacteria on stainless steel N2 - The characteristics of different molecules chosen as representatives for specific functionalities in conditioning layers play an important role on attachment behavior and later biofilm formation of bacteria. The chemical composition is a major component influencing the attachment but there is a conglomerate of influences. T2 - Eurocorr2018 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Conditioning layer KW - Stainless steel KW - Bacterial attachment PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46487 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - An, Biwen Annie A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem A1 - Schreiber, Frank A1 - Kleinbub, Sherin T1 - The study of methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion under flow conditions N2 - Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is an expensive but unpredictable problem for the industries. The most well-known culprit for MIC is the sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM), such as members from the genus Desulfovibrio. It has been widely accepted that SRM can contribute significantly to MIC through the production of hydrogen sulfide (HS-) or in some cases a direct electron uptake from the metal surface. However, in a real environmental system, SRM is not exclusive and often involved with other microorganisms that may also contribute to MIC, such as methanogens. Methanogenic archaea can produce methane (CH4) using H2+CO2, formate, methylated amines or acetate. Methanogens are highly abundant in the environment and many are found in very extreme conditions, such as high temperature and high salinity. Previous researches have demonstrated that methanogens are capable of MIC, though the specific mechanisms are still under investigation. In the oil and gas industry, methanogens are not considered as the main contributor for MIC since the corrosion rates are often too low. However, the tests for methanogen-induced MIC are usually performed at static conditions, which cannot represent the system accurately. Here, we developed a novel anaerobic system to evaluate the corrosion potential of methanogens under flow conditions. We will use the Methanococcus maripaludis KA1 strain, which was isolated from a crude oil tank, as the organism of interest. A separate system for Desulfovibrio alaskensis will be established for corrosion rate comparisons. Furthermore, we will study the synergistic effects of M. maripaludis and D. alaskensis on MIC under flow. T2 - Eurocorr 2018 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Mikrobiell beeinflusste Korrosion KW - Methanogen KW - Korrosion KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion KW - Methanogenesis KW - Flow system KW - Model PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46012 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Steger, Simon A1 - Stege, Heike A1 - Hahn, Oliver T1 - In-situ spectroscopic analysis of modern reverse paintings on glass (1905-1955) N2 - The technique of painting on the reverse side of a glass panel was rediscovered by German artists at the beginning of the 20th century. In contrast to other paint techniques (e.g. panel and mural painting), the paint layers are applied in reverse succession starting with the foremost paint layer and ending with the primer (backmost layer). The paintings are viewed in reflected light, thus revealing an impressive gloss, luminosity and depth of colour. The artist group “Der Blaue Reiter” (the Blue Rider) around W. Kandinsky and F. Marc got in touch with this technique in the summers of 1908 and 1909 and spread their knowledge in different regions. Our pioneering project is tracing this transfer of knowledge by a multidisciplinary approach in terms of art history, painting technology and material science. More than 100 artists and >1000 reverse paintings on glass (1905-1955) were identified during the project. This numbers clearly point out that this technique was by far more important for modern art than previously assumed. In-situ, non-invasive measurements (XRF, Raman, VIS, DRIFTS) on a well-considered selection of 67 paintings reveal the broad palette of colorants ranging from traditional to experimental materials. Special attention is paid on artists who are strongly connected to Berlin. Demonstrative examples by W. Dexel, G. Muche and L. Hildebrandt are used to discuss analytical challenges and highlights. T2 - Young Researchers in Archaeometry (YRA) 2nd Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 23.09.2018 KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - DRIFTS KW - Reverse glass painting PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46066 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Quicker, P. T1 - Thermische Behandlung von CFK-Abfällen N2 - Carbonfaser verstärkte Kunststoffe (CFK) sind aus dem Leichtbau nicht mehr wegzudenken. Da die Produktion der Fasern viel Energie benötigt ist deren Recycling anzustreben. Durch Bearbeitung und Handling während des Recyclings verkürzen sich die Carbonfasern (CF) analog zur Papierfaser. Zu kurze Fasern können nicht mehr in eine Flächenstruktur eingebracht werden und müssen daher aus dem Kreislauf ausgeschleust und einer Verwertung zugeführt werden. Untersuchungen des Lehr- und Forschungsgebiets Technologie der Energierohstoffe (TEER) der RWTH Aachen University haben gezeigt, dass die Bedingungen für eine energetische Nutzung von CF-Abfällen in Abfallverbrennungsanlagen nicht geeignet sind. Zudem können CF Betriebsprobleme verursachen. Des Weiteren können bei einer unzureichenden thermischen Behandlung sogenannte WHO-Fasern entstehen, die als gesundheitsschädlich einzustufen sind. Eine Alternative können Hochtemperaturverfahren mit höheren Verweilzeiten sein. Es kommt die Herstellung von Calciumcarbid in Frage, bei der CF als Kohlenstoffträger und der Kunststoff als Energieträger genutzt werden. Eine weitere Verwertungsoption stellt die Stahlproduktionsroute dar. Erste Untersuchungen der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) und TEER am kleintechnischen Lichtbogen der BAM zeigen, dass CF-Abfälle potentiell als Reduktionsmittel und Energieträger eingesetzt werden können. T2 - 6. Forum Leichtbau Recycling und Ressourceneffizienz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.09.2018 KW - Carbonfaser KW - CFK PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46074 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Cohen, Zina A1 - Schlanger, J. A1 - Rabin, Ira T1 - X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of black Medieval Inks: Characterization and Interpretation. Case Study of an 11th century Egyptian Corpus N2 - This study focuses on the analysis of a corpus of manuscripts found in Fustat (medieval Cairo, Egypt) in the biggest medieval “archive” found until now: the Cairo Geniza. The giant collection of mostly Jewish documents has been attracting scholars’ attention a lot but so far, the material aspects of these documents seem to have been mainly neglected. Application of scientific methods of analysis, especially X-Ray fluorescence characterization, contributes to our understanding of the materials used for production of manuscripts during the Middle ages. Our corpus of the 11th century manuscripts comprises manuscripts written by scribes belonging to three Jewish communities that co-existed in Cairo during this period: the Karaites, the so-called Jerusalemites (or Palestinian) and the so-called Babylonians (or Iraqi), three different communities with different traditions and different leaders. The differences manifest themselves also in the paleographical properties of the manuscripts produced within each community. Can we extend the differences detected by the paleographical analysis to differences in composition of the writing materials and especially the composition of the inks? Or can we relate the differences in the composition to the manuscript type (legal, private...), or to another criterion. In this presentation, we offer answers to some of the questions using statistical analysis of the measurements results. T2 - Konferenz Natural Sciences and Technology in Manuscript Analysis CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 13.06.2018 KW - Ink KW - Manuscript KW - XRF analysis PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46044 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -