TY - JOUR A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Eine kleine kleine Natur- und Kulturgeschichte der Kleidermotte (Tineola bisselliella) N2 - A short natural and cultural history of the webbing clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella). It is generally accepted that the natural habitats of most pest insects can be found outside the synanthropic environment in layers of leaf litter, under bark, as well as in rodent or bird nests. Indeed, most of the common fabric pests have been reported as being facultative nidicolous. Therefore, infestation of commodities by pest insects out of these reservoirs is one possibility to be considered. However, the likelihood of a pest´s occurrence and survival outside of the synanthropic habitat largely depends on its ecological potential and competitiveness against other species of the same ecological guild. Some pest species are rarely found in wild habitats, especially in those regions where they are not native and where they have been introduced by man. The fabric pest Tineola bisselliella serves as a good example. Most likely originating from Central or Southern Africa, this insect was introduced into Europe probably not earlier than the late 18th century. Being more tolerant to dry environments than other fabric pests, its economical importance increased during the 20th century when the indoor climate changed because of central heating systems. Its occurrence in outdoor natural habitats must be regarded as accidental. Reported finds of webbing clothes moth larvae in bird nests e. g. have been largely overstated in the literature. Tineola bisselliella should be regarded as an invasive and eusynanthropic species in most parts of the world. KW - Textilschädling KW - Museumsschädling KW - Anpassung KW - Evolution PY - 2018 SN - 0037-5942 VL - Neue Folge 53 SP - 43 EP - 57 PB - Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-44048 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Resultiert normgerechte Ausführung verlässlich in hoher Qualität? N2 - Normgerechte Ausführung resultiert in Qualität, aber sie ist nicht allein ein Garant auch für hohe Qualität. Hierfür sind begleitend immer auch nachgeordnete Richtlinien wie z. B. spezifische Gütekriterien zu erfüllen. Der Vortrag erklärt die Normungsarbeit auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene und schildert die Stärken aber auch die Schwächen bei der Erstellung von Normen. Dabei ist die Konsensbildung zwischen unterschiedlichen interessierten Kreisen mit deren Partikularinteressen oftmals ein Hindernis, das aber über Zusatzvereinbarungen und der Norm nachgeordneten Regeln überwunden werden kann. T2 - Tagung des Deutschen Holzschutzfachverbandes für Ausenholzprodukte CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 19.01.2018 KW - Normung KW - DIN KW - CEN KW - ISO KW - Gütezeichen PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-43852 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maul, Ronald A1 - Borzekowski, Antje A1 - Drewitz, Tatjana A1 - Keller, Julia A1 - Pfeifer, Dietmar A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Rohn, S. T1 - Biosynthesis of zearalenone conjugates by fungi N2 - Zearalenone (ZEN) and its sulfate and glucoside conjugates have been detected in (a broad variety of) food and feed commodities1. Both conjugated derivatives are formed as part of fungal or plant secondary metabolism and thus, belong to the group of modified mycotoxins2. After consumption of contaminated foodstuff, the conjugates can be hydrolyzed by human intestinal microbiota leading to liberation of ZEN that implies an underestimation of the true ZEN exposure. In order to include ZEN conjugates in routine analysis, as well as for toxicological investigation reliable standards are needed. The objective of the present study was to develop a simple and economic method for biosynthesis of ZEN conjugates. Preceding experiments on the biotransformation of ZEN by Rhizopus and Aspergillus species showed a mixed metabolite formation3. Therefore, these known ZEN conjugating fungal strains were screened for their potential to selectively synthesize the ZEN derivatives ZEN-14-sulfate (Z14S), ZEN-14-glucoside (Z14G) and ZEN-16-glucoside (Z16G). The screening was conducted by adding ZEN to liquid fungal cultures. Cultivation conditions and ZEN incubation time were varied. All media samples were analyzed for metabolite formation by HPLC-MS/MS. Z14S was exclusively formed by A. oryzae. Under optimized conditions a specific biosynthesis of Z14G by R. oryzae and Z16G by R. oligosporus was achieved. After liquid-liquid-extraction and preparative chromatographic cleanup 1H-NMR purities of ≥ 73% for Z14S, ≥ 82% for Z14G and ≥ 50% for Z16G were obtained. In addition, a consecutive biosynthesis was developed by first using Fusarium graminearum for ZEN biosynthesis on rice based liquid medium. After inactivation of Fusarium the subsequent conjugation reaction was conducted utilizing Aspergillus and Rhizopus species under the various optimized conditions. In this study an easy and cost-efficient biosynthesis for Z14S, Z14G and Z16G was developed. The developed biosynthesis could be also used for other metabolites like ZEL conjugates. Our results of the in vitro screening indicate also the formation of a ZEL-glucoside and α ZEL-sulfate as major metabolites by R. oryzae. In sum, under optimized cultivation conditions fungi can be easily utilized for a targeted and stereospecific synthesis of ZEN conjugates. T2 - 10th World Mycotoxin Forum Conference CY - Amsterdam, The Netherlands DA - 12.03.2018 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Food safety KW - Analytical standards PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44547 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schreiber, Frank A1 - Zimmermann, M. A1 - Escrig, S. A1 - Lavik, G. A1 - Kuypers, M.M.M. A1 - Meibom, A. A1 - Ackermann, M. T1 - Substrate and electron donor limitation induce phenotypic heterogeneity in different metabolic activities in a green sulphur bacterium N2 - Populations of genetically identical cells can display marked variation in phenotypic traits; such variation is termed phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, we investigate the effect of substrate and electron donor limitation on phenotypic heterogeneity in N2 and CO2 fixation in the green sulphur bacterium Chlorobium phaeobacteroides. We grew populations in chemostats and batch cultures and used stable isotope labelling combined with nanometer‐scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) to quantify phenotypic heterogeneity. Experiments in H2S (i.e. electron donor) limited chemostats show that varying levels of NH4+ limitation induce heterogeneity in N2 fixation. Comparison of phenotypic heterogeneity between chemostats and batch (unlimited for H2S) populations indicates that electron donor limitation drives heterogeneity in N2 and CO2 fixation. Our results demonstrate that phenotypic heterogeneity in a certain metabolic activity can be driven by different modes of limitation and that heterogeneity can emerge in different metabolic processes upon the same mode of limitation. In conclusion, our data suggest that limitation is a general driver of phenotypic heterogeneity in microbial populations. KW - NanoSIMS KW - Phenotypic heterogeneity PY - 2018 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1758-2229.12616 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12616 SN - 1758-2229 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 179 EP - 183 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd AN - OPUS4-44596 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schreiber, Frank T1 - Phenotypic diversity in microbial metabolism and antimicrobial resistance N2 - Most microorganisms live in environments where nutrients are limited and fluctuate over time. Cells respond to nutrient fluctuations by sensing and adapting their physiological state. Recent studies suggest phenotypic heterogeneity in isogenic populations as an alternative strategy in fluctuating environments, where a subpopulation of cells express a function that allows growth under conditions that might arise in the future. It is unknown how environmental factors such as nutrient limitation shape phenotypic heterogeneity in metabolism and whether this allows cells to respond to nutrient fluctuations. Here, we show that substrate limitation increases phenotypic heterogeneity in metabolism, and this heterogeneity allows cells to cope with substrate fluctuations. We subjected the N2-fixing bacterium Klebsiella oxytoca to different levels of substrate limitation and substrate shifts, and obtained time-resolved single-cell measurements of metabolic activities using nanometre-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). We found that the level of NH4+ limitation shapes phenotypic heterogeneity in N2 fixation. In turn, the N2 fixation rate of single cells during NH4+ limitation correlates positively with their growth rate after a shift to NH4+ depletion, experimentally demonstrating the benefit of heterogeneity. The results indicate that phenotypic heterogeneity is a general solution to two important ecological challenges - nutrient limitation and fluctuations - that many microorganisms face. Currently, we use NanoSIMS to develop a new approach that defines functionally-relevant, phenotypic biodiversity in microbial systems. In the last part of my presentation, I will highlight why the concept of phenotypic diversity is relevant for the understanding of antimicrobial resistance. T2 - Berlin Seminar for Resistance Research at FU Berlin Veterinary Medicine CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 01.03.2018 KW - Antimicrobial Resistance KW - Metabolism KW - Phenotypic diversity PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44597 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kjaervik, Marit A1 - Schwibbert, Karin A1 - Dietrich, P. A1 - Thissen, A. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface characterisation of biofilms by nearambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy N2 - The XPS information depth of approximately 10 nm is in the same size range as the outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria, which makes XPS a suitable tool for determining the elemental composition of the bacterial surface and monitor changes caused by outer stress like dehydration or exposure to antimicrobials. However, bacteria are inherently in a hydrated state, and therefore only compatible to ultra-high vacuum after extensive sample preparation, which may degrade the sample constituents. This issue is addressed by the development of near-ambient pressure (NAP)-XPS, which enables bacteria and biofilms to be characterised in their native wet state. Artificial biofilms, bacteria and biofilms of Escherichia coli have been characterised with the laboratory NAP-XPS instrument EnviroESCA from SPECS GmbH, at pressures ranging from high vacuum to 12 mbar, and in both humid and dry environment. By studying biological samples in their native wet state, new insight about composition and transport of drugs through cell membranes and the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of biofilms can be obtained. T2 - Royal Society of Chemistry Twitter Conference CY - Worldwide (online conference) DA - 06.03.2018 KW - Biofilms KW - E. coli KW - Alginate KW - NAP-XPS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44498 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kjaervik, Marit A1 - Schwibbert, Karin A1 - Dietrich, P. A1 - Thissen, A. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface characterisation of bacteria and biofilms by NAP-XPS N2 - The XPS information depth of approximately 10 nm is in the same size range as the outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria, which makes XPS a suitable tool for determining the elemental composition of the bacterial surface and monitor changes caused by outer stress like dehydration or exposure to antimicrobials. However, bacteria are inherently in a hydrated state, and therefore only compatible to ultra-high vacuum after extensive sample preparation, which may degrade the sample constituents. This issue is addressed by the development of near-ambient pressure (NAP)-XPS, which enables bacteria and biofilms to be characterised in their native wet state. Artificial biofilms, bacteria and biofilms of Escherichia coli have been characterised with the laboratory NAP-XPS instrument EnviroESCA from SPECS GmbH, at pressures ranging from high vacuum to 12 mbar, and in both humid and dry environment. By studying biological samples in their native wet state, new insight about composition and transport of drugs through cell membranes and the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of biofilms can be obtained. In this contribution, the latest progress on biofilm characterisation by NAP-XPS will be presented, and measurement capabilities and limitations will be discussed. T2 - Die Frühjahrstagung der Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 12.03.2018 KW - Biofilms KW - E. coli KW - Alginate KW - NAP-XPS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44500 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dietrich, P. A1 - Beblo-Vranesevic, K. A1 - Kjærvik, Marit A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Schwibbert, Karin A1 - Hardie, K. A1 - Brown, J. T1 - XPS surface analysis of bacterial samples N2 - This application note presents how EnviroESCA can be used to analyze bacterial samples under near ambient pressure conditions in various states of hydration using different levels of humidity. Such investigations of bacterial cell wall surfaces in their hydrated state are essential for studying biological interfaces at work. The use of innovative near-ambient pressure (NAP-)XPS instrumentation allows the detailed analysis of irregularly-surfaced biofilms. NAP-XPS enables the surface analysis of bacterial samples in their natural hydrated state without complex sample preparation techniques such as freeze-drying or fast-freezing, which are needed for XPS analysis in ultrahigh vacuum. KW - Near ambient pressure XPS KW - Biofilms PY - 2018 UR - http://www.enviroai.com/uploads/1/0/2/8/102861712/xps_surface_analysis_of_bacillus_subtilis_biofilms_final.pdf IS - Application Note #000399 SP - 1 EP - 5 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-44588 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kjaervik, Marit A1 - Dietrich, P. A1 - Thissen, A. A1 - Schwibbert, Karin A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Quantitative biocide profile measurements by calibrated NAP-XPS N2 - Progress update for the EMPIR-project MetVBadBugs- Quantitative measurement and imaging of drug-uptake by bacteria with antimicrobial resistance. T2 - MetVBadBugs 26 M project meeting CY - South Mimms, UK DA - 05.07.2018 KW - Biofilms KW - Alginate KW - Antibiotics KW - E. coli KW - XPS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45402 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kjaervik, Marit A1 - Schwibbert, Karin A1 - Dietrich, P. A1 - Thissen, A. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface characterisation of Escherichia coli under various conditions by near-ambient pressure XPS N2 - Bacteria are inherently in a hydrated state and therefore not compatible to ultra-high vacuum techniques such as XPS without prior sample preparation involving freeze drying or fast freezing. This has changed with the development of near-ambient pressure (NAP)-XPS, which makes it possible to characterise the bacterial surface with minimal sample preparation. This paper presents NAP-XPS measurements of Escherichia coli under various NAP conditions: at 11 mbar in a humid environment, at 2 mbar after drying in the chamber, pre-dried at 4 mbar, and at 1 mbar after overnight pumping at 10^−4 mbar. The high-resolution spectra of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are presented and found to be in general agreement with XPS measurements from freeze-dried and fast-frozen bacteria. However, it was found that the amount of carbon components associated with polysaccharides increases relative to aliphatic carbon during drying and increases further after overnight pumping. This implies that drying has an impact on the bacterial surface. T2 - European conference on applications of surface and interface analysis (ECASIA'17) CY - Montpellier, France DA - 24.09.2018 KW - Bacteria KW - E. coli KW - NAP-XPS PY - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-454047 SN - 0142-2421 SN - 1096-9918 VL - 50 IS - 11 SP - 996 EP - 1000 PB - John Wiley & Sons CY - Hoboken, New Jersey, USA AN - OPUS4-45404 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kjaervik, Marit A1 - Dietrich, P. A1 - Thissen, A. A1 - Schwibbert, Karin T1 - Surface characterisation of biological samples by near-ambient pressure XPS N2 - A presentation held for the seminar "Ausgewählte analytische Methoden der Physik" hosted by Prof. Birgit Kanngießer at TU Berlin. The first part focus on depth-dependent XPS-measurements (XPS, synchrotron HAXPES) to obtain a concentration profile of iodine in an artificial biofilm. In the second part, NAP-XPS measurements of various bacterial samples are presented. T2 - Forschungsseminar "Ausgewählte analytische Methoden der Physik", TU Berlin CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 17.07.2018 KW - Biofilms KW - Alginate KW - Agarose KW - HAXPES KW - NAP-XPS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45505 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Oberpaul, M. A1 - Spohn, M. A1 - Fracowiak, J. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Hammann, P. A1 - Vilcinskas, A. A1 - Gläser, J. T1 - Exploiting termite nest microbiomes for antibiotic discovery by using an ultra-high throughput Microfluidics/FACS driven pipeline combined with a microtiter plate based cultivation strategy N2 - Infections with multi-resistant Gram negative pathogens are a major threat to our health system. In order to serve the needs in antibiotics development we selected untapped bioresources and implemented high throughput approaches suitable for the discovery of strains producing antibiotics with anti-Gram negative activity. Our approaches rely on the hypothesis that Termite associated bacteria are likely to produce potent antibiotics to defend their hosts against entomopathogenic microorganisms. Termite nests and guts harbor suitable, highly diverse microbiomes in which bacterial taxa are present known to potentially produce natural compounds. In a first step the diversity of Coptotermes species nest microbiomes was assessed carefully by using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform and nest material was selected to retrieve viable cells by using Nycodenz density gradient centrifugation. In order to analyze the diversity of the culturable termite nest microbiome, bacterial cells were either distributed in 384-well plates (approach 1) or encapsulated in small spheric agarose beads by an high throughput microfluidics technique (approach 2). Cultures obtained from approach 1 were scaled-up in 96-well Duetz-systems for characterization of diversity and for rapid supernatant screening using the bioluminescence-labeled E. coli pFU166. The generated droplets of approach 2 simultaneously received a small population of GFP-tagged Gram negative screening cells and were sorted for low fluorescence using FACS. After elimination of redundancy we performed a fast scale-up of active strains. Implementation of this pipeline allows us to prioritize antibiotics producing strains in a ultra-high throughput fashion and by cultivation of broad diversity in our approches. T2 - Annual Conference of the Society for General and Applied Microbiology (VAAM) CY - Wolfsburg, Germany DA - 15.04.18 KW - Biotechnology KW - Termites KW - Anti-microbial effects PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44987 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Borzekowski, Antje A1 - Drewitz, T. A1 - Keller, Julia A1 - Pfeifer, Dietmar A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Rohn, S. A1 - Maul, R. T1 - Biosynthesis and characterization of zearalenone-14-sulfate, zearalenone-14-glucoside and zearalenone-16-glucoside using common fungal strains N2 - Zearalenone (ZEN) and its phase II sulfate and glucoside metabolites have been detected in food and feed commodities. After consumption, the conjugates can be hydrolyzed by the human intestinal microbiota leading to liberation of ZEN that implies an underestimation of the true ZEN exposure. To include ZEN conjugates in routine analysis, reliable standards are needed, which are currently not available. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop a facilitated biosynthesis of ZEN-14-sulfate, ZEN-14-glucoside and ZEN-16-glucoside. A metabolite screening was conducted by adding ZEN to liquid fungi cultures of known ZEN conjugating Aspergillus and Rhizopus strains. Cultivation conditions and ZEN incubation time were varied. All media samples were analyzed for metabolite formation by HPLC-MS/MS. In addition, a consecutive biosynthesis was developed by using Fusarium graminearum for ZEN biosynthesis with subsequent conjugation of the toxin by utilizing Aspergillus and Rhizopus species. ZEN-14-sulfate (yield: 49%) is exclusively formed by Aspergillus oryzae. ZEN-14-glucoside (yield: 67%) and ZEN-16-glucoside (yield: 39%) are formed by Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus oligosporus, respectively. Purities of ≥73% ZEN-14-sulfate, ≥82% ZEN-14-glucoside and ≥50% ZEN-16-glucoside were obtained by 1H-NMR. In total, under optimized cultivation conditions, fungi can be easily utilized for a targeted and regioselective synthesis of ZEN conjugates. KW - Mycotoxin KW - Zearalenone KW - Conjugate KW - Biosynthesis KW - Fusarium KW - Aspergillus KW - Rhizopus PY - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-444246 SN - 2072-6651 VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - Article 104, 1 EP - 15 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-44424 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Eine kleine Natur- und Kulturgeschichte der Kleidermotte – nebst Möglichkeiten ihrer biologischen Bekämpfung N2 - Zu den unerwünschten Gästen im Museum oder im Haushalt gehört zweifelsohne die Kleidermotte Tineola bisselliella. Es sind die Larven dieses Kleinschmetterlings, die die Schäden verursachen. Neben der konventionellen Schadensabwehr besteht die Möglichkeit, Schlupfwespen zur Bekämpfung der Larven einzusetzen. Der Vortrag rekonstruiert die Natur- und Kulturgeschichte der Kleidermotte anhand ökologischer Studien und historischen Indizien. T2 - Konservierungswissenschaft im Dialog Rathgen Forschungslabor CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 30.01.2018 KW - IPM KW - Museum KW - Biologische Bekämpfung KW - Kulturgut PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-43988 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Busweiler, Sabine T1 - Erneute Antennen-Anomalie beim Hausbockkäfer Hylotrupes bajulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in der F3-Generation N2 - Second occurrence of aberrant antenna in house longhorn beetle Hylotrupes bajulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the F3 generation. In 2016, the house longhorn beetle (Hylotrupes bajulus) breeding culture of the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) in Berlin produced a second female beetle with a unique malformed right antenna similar to the one previously reported. As in the first case the flagellum following the pedical was bifurcated. This time, however, both branches were of similar length with 7 and 8 flagellomeres, respectively. The left antenna was normally developed with 11 antennal segments (scape, pedicel and 9 flagellomeres). This second female stands as F3-generation in direct maternal line to the previous one. A heritable cause for the malformation is likely. KW - Hausbockkäfer KW - Entwicklung KW - Vererbung PY - 2018 SN - 0037-5942 VL - Neue Folge 53 SP - 101 EP - 105 PB - Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-44052 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger T1 - Termiten in Deutschland - wo gibt es denn so was? N2 - Rare occurrences of termites in Germany. Termites are typical elements of the tropical and subtropical insect fauna. In Europe, their most northern natural range is southern France, Italy and the South-Balkan region. Only occasionally are termites found in Germany. Their occurrence is always very closely associated with the synanthropic environment. Drywood termites like Cryptotermes brevis or Kalotermis flavicollis were accidentally imported with furniture, wooden artefacts or plant material into homes or indoor arboretums. Similar pathways of termite introduction are described for Coptotermes gestroi and Reticulitermes sp. into tropical botanical gardens and tropical theme parks. Although termites were introduced to Germany several times, successful spreading or long term establishment never occurred due to climatic barriers, namely cold winter temperatures. Only Reticulitermes flavipes formed sustainable colonies in the city of Hamburg for several decades. Originating from the eastern United States of America, this species was introduced in the 1930s with infested wood through the sea port. Small subterranean colonies could survive the winter in areas where pipes of the central heating system kept the ground from freezing. Control efforts of this potentially invasive species of economic importance started early on but failed until modern bait techniques were applied in the year 2000. Currently, termites have not been detected in Hamburg for the last five years. KW - Holzschutz KW - Termiten KW - Neozoon PY - 2018 SN - 0037-5942 VL - Neue Folge 53 SP - 83 EP - 90 PB - Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-44055 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kjaervik, Marit A1 - Schwibbert, Karin A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Thissen, A. A1 - Dietrich, P. T1 - Progress on characterisation of biofilms by NAP-XPS N2 - Progress talk on characterisation of biofilms by NAP-XPS in the framework of the MetVBadBugs EURAMET-project T2 - MetVBadBugs 24 M project meeting CY - Turin, Italy DA - 06.02.2018 KW - Biofilms KW - E. coli KW - Alginate KW - NAP-XPS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44065 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palma-Onetto, V. A1 - Hoskova, K. A1 - Krizkova, B. A1 - Krejcirova, R. A1 - Pflegerova, J. A1 - Bubenickova, F. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Dahlsjo, C. A. L. A1 - Dahlsjo, J. A1 - Bourguignon, T. A1 - Sillam-Dusses, D. A1 - Sobotnik, J. T1 - The labral gland in termites: evolution and function N2 - The evolutionary success of termites has been driven largely by a complex communication system operated by a rich set of exocrine glands. As many as 20 different exocrine organs are known in termites. While some of these organs are relatively well known, only anecdotal observations exist for others. One of the exocrine organs that has received negligible attention so far is the labral gland. In this study, we examined the structure and ultrastructure of the Labrum in soldiers of 28 termite species. We confirm that the labral gland is present in all termite species, and comprises two secretory regions located on the ventral side of the labrum and the dorso-apical part of the hypopharynx. The Labrum of Neoisoptera has a hyaline tip, which was secondarily lost in Nasutitermitinae, Microcerotermes and species with snapping soldiers. The epithelium of the gland generally consists of class 1 secretory cells, with an addition of class 3 secretory cells in some species. A common feature of the secretory cells is the abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, an organelle known to produce lipidic and often volatile secretions. Our observations suggest that the labral gland is involved in communication rather than defence as previously suggested. Our study is the first to provide a comprehensive picture of the structure of the labral gland in soldiers across all Termite taxa. KW - Exocrine gland KW - Hypopharynx KW - Labrum KW - Termitoidae KW - Ultrastructure KW - Isoptera PY - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blx162 SN - 0024-4066 SN - 1095-8312 VL - 126 IS - 3 SP - 587 EP - 597 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-44666 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nordholt, Niclas A1 - Broska, Selina A1 - Schreiber, Frank T1 - Persistence as a microbial survival strategy against disinfectants N2 - Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to human health. The prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria is predicted to increase in the future requiring robust control strategies. One cornerstone to prevent the spread of MDR bacteria in clinical settings is the application of disinfectants to improve hygiene standards. However, bacteria can evolve resistance to disinfectants, which in turn can confer cross-resistance to antibiotics. Additionally, clonal bacterial populations can display phenotypic heterogeneity with respect to the tolerance of antibiotic stress leading to a prolonged survival of a sub-population; this phenomenon is termed persistence. Persistence to antibiotics is an evolvable trait and can serve as a stepping stone for the evolution of genetically encoded resistance. Until now, there is a lack of systematic studies that investigate if bacterial populations establish persister subpopulations that tolerate disinfectant stress longer than the majority of the population. Our results in E. coli indicate that persistence is a bacterial survival strategy against benzalkonium chloride, a widely used disinfectant. In future experiments, we will investigate the evolution of persistence in the face of fluctuating exposure to disinfectants and whether persistence facilitates resistance against disinfectants. Lastly, we will test how tolerance and resistance against disinfectants affects susceptibility against antibiotics. T2 - Bridging Ecology and Molecular Biology: Organismic Responses to Recurring Stress CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 09.04.2018 KW - Bacteria KW - Persistence KW - Resistance KW - Biocides PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44667 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yalçin, M. A1 - Taşçioğlu, C. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Akçay, Ç. A1 - Busweiler, Sabine T1 - Investigation of natural durability of some native and exotic wood species against Hylotrupes bajulus (Cerambycidae) and Anobium punctatum (Anobiidae) N2 - Aim of study: In this study, natural durability of some domestic and foreign wood species against Hylotrupes bajulus and Anobium punctatum larvae were tested on laboratory scale Area of study: This study was conducted at Department of Forest Products Engineering in Duzce University, Turkey and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Germany. Material and Methods: Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris), fir (Abies nordmanniana), spruce (Picea orientalis), cedar (Cedrus libani), poplar (Populus tremula) and beech (Fagus orientalis) woods were used to test H. bajulus larvae (EN 46-1). Alder (Alnus glutinosa), oak (Quercus cerris), poplar (Populus tremula), beech (Fagus orientalis), maple (Acer carpinifolium), ash (Fraxinus angustifolia), teak (Tectona grandis), ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon), movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus), dahoma (Piptadeniastrum africanum), iroko (Chlorophora excelsa), bubinga (Guibourtia tessmannii) and sapele (Entandrophragma cylindiricum) woods were used for A. punctatum larvae (EN 49-1). At the end of the experiment, the mortality rates of the larvae were determined and the size and weights of the surviving larvae were measured. Main results: F. orientalis and C. libani were found to be the most resistant wood species against H. bajulus larvae while A. nordmanniana was the least resistant. All tropical wood species and oak and maple from domestic wood species showed 100% mortality rate therefore found to be the most resistant against A. punctatum larvae. The most vulnerable wood species was found to be alder with a 35% mortality. Research highlights: while F. orientalis, C. libani, and P. tremula were found the most resistance wood species against H. bajulus, P. sylvestris and A. nordmanniana were determined as most vulnerable. All tropical wood species and two domestic species (Q. cerris and A. carpinifolium) showed the highest mortality rate as 100%. The least durable domestic wood was determined as alder. KW - Hylotrupes bajulus, Anobium punctatum, natural durability, tropical wood, native wood. PY - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-446572 SN - 1303-2399 SN - 1309-4181 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 83 EP - 91 PB - Kastamonu University CY - Kastamonu AN - OPUS4-44657 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -