TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Determination of recovery rates of adsorbents for sampling very volatile organic compounds (C1-C6) in dry and humid air in the sub-ppb range by use of thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry N2 - The reliable measurement of very volatile organic compounds (VVOC) in indoor air by use of thermal desorption gas chromatography (TD-GC) in order to include them into evaluation schemes for building products even nowadays is a great challenge. For capturing these small molecules with carbon numbers ranging from C 1 –C 6 , strong adsorbents are needed. In the present study, recovery rates of nine suitable adsorbents of the groups of porous polymers, graphitised carbon blacks (GCB) and carbon molecular sieves (CMS) are tested against a complex test gas standard containing 29 VVOC. By consideration of the recovery and the relative humidity (50% RH), combinations of the GCB Carbograph 5TD, the two CMS Carboxen 1003 and Carbosieve SII as well as the porous polymer Tenax® GR were identified to be potentially suitable for sampling the majority of the VVOC out of the gas mix. The results reveal a better performance of the adsorbents in combination than being used alone, particularly under humid sampling conditions. The recovery rates of the chosen compounds on each adsorbent should be in the range of 80–120%. KW - VVOC KW - Indoor Air: Adsorbent performance KW - Recovery rate KW - Thermal desorption KW - Gas chromatography PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461389 VL - 1626 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-51106 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Stand der Technik der Emissionsmessungen für das Umweltkompartiment Luft N2 - Der mitteleuropäische Mensch hält sich 80 – 90 % der Zeit in Innenräumen auf. Je nach Aktivität atmet er 10 – 20 m³ bzw. 12 - 24 kg Luft täglich, das ist weit mehr als das Doppelte der Summe an Essen und Trinken. Die technischen Voraussetzungen für die Bestimmung von Emissionen aus Bauprodukten in die Luft liegen vor – harmonisierte horizontale Prüfnorm EN 16516. Es dürften mittlerweile zig-tausende Emissionsdatensätze vorliegen. Defizite gibt es bei der Kennzeichnung zur Unterscheidung emissionsarmer und emissionsreicher Produkte, die bestehende CE-Kennzeichnung ist unvollständig, ersatzweise gibt es nationale Regelungen. Gerade bei modernen, dichten Bauten mit geringem natürlichen Luftwechsel sind hohe Schadstoffkonzentrationen zu erwarten, wenn nicht emissionsarme Materialien und Produkte zum Einsatz kommen. T2 - Eurolab-Workshop Anforderungen an Bauprodukte - Umweltrelevante Aspekte sowie die gesamtheitliche Bewertung CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.11.2019 KW - Gesundheit KW - Emissionsmessungen KW - Bauprodukte KW - Luft KW - Bauproduktenverordnung PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49596 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - Aktuelle Ringversuche der BAM zu VOC und Gerüchen N2 - Ein Ringversuch ist eine Methode der externen Qualitätssicherung für sowohl Messverfahren als auch die Eignung von Mess- und Prüflaboratorien. Dabei werden möglichst identische Proben mit identischen Verfahren oder mit unterschiedlichen Verfahren untersucht. Die Teilnahme an Ringversuchen ist für alle akkreditierten Laboratorien ein wesentlicher Baustein der institutsinternen und -externen Qualitätssicherung. Je mehr Faktoren Einfluss auf das Endergebnis haben können, desto wichtiger ist es diese Faktoren zu kennen und deren Einflüsse durch weitestgehende Vergleichbarkeit der Messverfahren zu minimieren. Für die Bewertung von Emissionen aus Bauprodukten haben sich Emissionsmess-kammer-Untersuchungen als Messverfahren etabliert. Um den Geruch auch für Innenraumanwendungen bewertbar zu machen sind in den letzten Jahren erste Normen entstanden (z. B. DIN ISO 16000-28 und VDI 4302-1). Um die Eignung dieser Normen und deren Anwendung zu untersuchen sind seit 2012 nunmehr 3 Ringversuche der BAM auch zum Thema Geruch durchgeführt worden. Die bislang durchgeführten Ringversuche mit dem Ziel der Geruchsbewertung wiesen Standardabweichungen von ca. 24 bis 30 % um den jeweiligen Mittelwert auf und wiesen somit ähnliche Werte auf, die auch bei den VOC-Vergleichen ermittelt wurden. Diese Entwicklungen werden hier aufgezeigt. T2 - 26. WaBoLu-Innenraumtage CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.05.2019 KW - Geruch KW - Ringversuch KW - Bauprodukte KW - Emission KW - Emissionskammer PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49237 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - Kunstgüter in Vitrinen: was helfen Materialuntersuchungen gemäß BEMMA-Schema? N2 - Moderne Vitrinen sollen gleichzeitig eine hohe Dichtigkeit und die Abwesenheit jeglicher Fremdstoffe in den Vitrinen gewährleisten. Diese Anforderungen sind zeitgleich kaum erfüllbar, da es emissionsfreie Materialien (vor allem Kleb- und Beschichtungsstoffe) nicht gibt. Um die potentiellen Emissionen zu minimieren wurde ein Messverfahren entwickelt, welches inzwischen als BEMMA-Schema (Bewertung von Emissionen aus Materialien für Museumsausstattungen) in die Museumswelt Einzug genommen hat. Die erfolgreiche Bewertung der für den Bau verwendeten Materialien gemäß BEMMA-Schema resultiert nicht in einer emissionsfreien Vitrine, sondern soll bei der Auswahl geeigneter Materialien zur Herstellung möglichst emissionsarmer Vitrinen helfen. Konkrete handwerkliche Durchführungen beim Bau, Dichtheits-anforderungen, wie auch die Aufstellbedingungen (Umgebung der Vitrine) beeinflussen die Emissionscharakteristik der fertigen Vitrine in der Praxis. Eine saubere Vitrine hilft nichts in einer belasteten Umgebung oder auch bei emittierenden Exponaten. Inzwischen liegen Erfahrungen mit dem Schema seit 2012 vor. Der Messablauf sieht vor, dass von den Materialien kleine Muster mit der Mikrokammer (Markes) innerhalb von 2 Tagen untersucht werden. Dabei wird mit Silikagelkartuschen auf Ameisen- und Essigsäure, mit DNPH auf Aldehyde und Ketone und mit Tenax® sowohl auf VOC als auch für die spezifische Oxim-Analytik die Abluft der Mikrokammern untersucht. Die Bewertungskriterien basieren auf den Ergebnissen einer Vorstudie mit ca. 150 verschiedenen Produkten im Zeitraum 2010 bis 2012. T2 - 12. Fachkongress der Arbeitsgemeinschaft ökologischer Forschungsinstiute (AGÖF) CY - Hallstadt (Bamberg), Germany DA - 17.10.2019 KW - Museum KW - Emission KW - Bauprodukte KW - BEMMA KW - Vitrinen PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49327 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kämpf, K. A1 - Schmidt, Alexandra A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Bachmann, V. A1 - Kuhlbusch, T. A1 - Schwirn, K. A1 - Völker, D. T1 - Test Guideline on Particle Size and Size Distribution of Manufactured Nanomaterials N2 - The particle size distribution is considered the most relevant information for nanoscale property identification and material characterization. The current OECD test guideline on particle size and size distribution (TG 110) is not applicable to ‘nano-sized’ objects. In this project we thus develop a new OECD test guideline for the measurement of the size and size distribution of particles and fibers with at least one dimension in the nanoscale. A fiber is defined as an object having an aspect ratio of length/diameter l/d >3. The width and length of each fiber should be measured concurrently. In order to measure the particle size distributions, many techniques are available. 9 methods for particles and 2 methods for fibres have been tested in a prevalidation study and appropriate methods will be compared in an interlaboratory round robin test starting in February 2019. T2 - Workshop zur gemeinsamen Forschungsstrategie der Bundesoberbehörden „Nanomaterialien und andere innovative Werkstoffe: anwendungssicher und umweltverträglich“ CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 02.09.2019 KW - OECD KW - Nano KW - Guideline KW - Particle size distributuion KW - Prüfrichtlinie PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49507 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Schmidt, Alexandra A1 - Bachmann, V. A1 - Kämpf, K. A1 - Kuhlbusch, T. A1 - Schwirn, K. A1 - Völker, D. ED - Bosse, H. ED - Buhr, E. ED - Dziomba, T. ED - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan ED - Klein, T. ED - Krumrey, M. T1 - OECD Test Guideline on particle size and size distribution of manufactured nanomaterials N2 - The properties of nanomaterials are influenced not only by their chemical composition but also by physical properties (such as size, geometry and crystal structure). For the reliable determination and assessment of behaviour and effects of nanomaterials as well as for the determination of the exposure of humans and environment a comprehensive physical-chemical characterization of nanomaterials is essential. This is an important prerequisite to identify them as nanomaterials and to interpret and compare test results and - in future – to forecast interaction and effects of nanomaterials. In 2006, the OECD launched a sponsorship program for the testing of nanomaterials in which 11 nanomaterials were thoroughly investigated using a variety of methods. The aim of the project was, among other things, to find out where problems occur and where there are gaps in the measurement and test procedures and where are changes required. An important outcome of the sponsorship program was the finding that the OECD Test Guidelines should in several cases be extended to the specific needs in testing of nanomaterials. The existing standardized test methods of the OECD for physical-chemical characterization have not been developed for nanomaterials in particular. A high demand for an extension of the test guidelines was identified. Germany complied with the OECD's request in 2017 and has agreed to extend the “Test Guideline on Particle Size Distribution / Fiber Length and Diameter Distributions Test Guideline” for Manufactured Nanomaterials (MN). UBA commissioned BAM and BAuA with the preparation of the Test Guideline. The aim of the project is the development of a harmonized test protocol for a valid and reproducible determination of particle size and size distribution which is one of the most relevant physical-chemical properties for MNs. Different measuring methods provide different results for the size distribution of the particles. This is caused by the different measuring principles of the methods. Each method measures a specific parameter that ultimately determines particle size. First, the measured quantity differs for each method (Scattered light intensity, 2D image / projection, electric mobility, etc.). Second, the calculated diameters of the MN may differ (Feret Diameter, Area Projection, Mobility Diameter, Aerodynamic Diameter, Hydrodynamic Diameter). Third, a measuring method provides a size distribution which is measured either mass-based, surface-based or number-based. A conversion between the results requires additional parameters and thus possibly increases the measurement error. In addition to the technical differences, the individual parameters are strongly influenced by the structure and material of the nanoparticles. For example, a surface functionalization can lead to very different results in the size distribution. The suitability of measurement methods differs with the material of the MN. As a result, two very different results can be measured for the particle size distribution using two different methods, which are nevertheless both correct. Several large projects in recent years therefore concluded that nanomaterials should be characterized by at least two complementary method. Imaging techniques are regarded as one of these methods for the characterization, the complementary methods are supposed to be statistical methods. The different results for the size distribution of nanomaterials become problematic for the registration of new MN. A comparable and reproducible size distribution is a prerequisite for a standardized registration. In the future, the particle size distribution in the EU will also decide on the classification of a substance as a nanomaterial or as a non-nanomaterial. Especially in borderline cases, a standardized and comparable measurement methodology is therefore essential. T2 - NanoWorkshop 2018: Workshop on Reference Nanomaterials CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.05.2018 KW - OECD KW - Guideline KW - Particle size distribution KW - Nano KW - Prüfrichtlinie PY - 2019 SN - 978-3-95606-440-1 DO - https://doi.org/10.7795/110.20190412 SN - 0179-0609 VL - F-61 SP - 125 EP - 132 PB - Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt CY - Braunschweig und Berlin AN - OPUS4-49511 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kämpf, K. A1 - Bachmann, V. A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Schmidt, Alexandra A1 - Kuhlbusch, T. A1 - Schwirn, K. A1 - Völker, D. ED - Bosse, H. ED - Buhr, E. ED - Dziomba, T. ED - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan ED - Klein, T. ED - Krumrey, M. T1 - OECD Test Guideline on particle size and particle size distribution of manufactured nanomaterials: simultaneous measurement of length and diameter of fibers N2 - The new OECD test guideline will address the following four main steps in the determination of the length and width distributions of fibers: sample preparation, image acquisition, data evaluation and uncertainty analysis. As the sample preparation has to be optimized for each material, general quality criteria will be given in the protocol. For full visibility of a fiber the appropriate resolution has to be chosen. In the data evaluation the length and diameter of each fiber will be determined concurrently to allow for application of different regulatory definitions. The quality of the results critically depends on the sample preparation as well as the data evaluation. In this step the classification rules have to be formulated and followed accurately in order to optimize reproducibility of the method. The SOP will be validated in an international round robin test, which is planned for 2018/2019. T2 - NanoWorkshop 2018: Workshop on Reference Nanomaterials CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.05.2018 KW - OECD KW - Nano KW - Guideline KW - Particle size distributuion KW - Prüfrichtlinie PY - 2019 SN - 978-3-95606-440-1 DO - https://doi.org/10.7795/110.20190412 SN - 0179-0609 VL - F-61 SP - 302 EP - 302 PB - Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt CY - Braunschweig und Berlin AN - OPUS4-49514 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schwirn, K. A1 - Völker, D. A1 - Ahtianinen, J. A1 - Schmidt, Alexandra A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Kämpf, K. A1 - Bachmann, V. A1 - Kuhlbusch, T. ED - Bosse, H. ED - Buhr, E. ED - Dziomba, T. ED - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan ED - Klein, T. ED - Krumrey, M. T1 - OECD Test Guidelines development for chemicals safety assessment of nanomaterials N2 - The OECD test guidelines (TGs) for testing chemicals have been widely used for regulatory purposes all over the world since the establishment of the Mutual Acceptance of Data (MAD) principle in 1984. This MAD principle ensures that, if a chemical is tested under the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) conditions accordingly to an OECD TG, the data should be accepted in all OECD countries. The TGs have been developed, harmonized, internationally validated (round robin tests) and adopted by OECD countries to be used for the physical-chemical characterisation, fate estimation, and hazard identification for risk assessment of various chemicals. In addition to the TGs, OECD Guidance Documents (GDs) usually provide guidance on how to use TGs and how to interpret the results. These GDs do not have to be fully experimentally validated, and hence they are not under MAD, but they are based on relevant published scientific research. But are the existing TGs and the related GDs applicable and adequate for the regulatory testing of nanomaterials? In general, for nanomaterials it is accepted that most of the "endpoints" or more precisely measurement variables are applicable. However, for some endpoints new or amended TGs are needed. In addition, several GDs are needed to give more precise advice on the test performance in order to gain regulatory relevant data on nanomaterials. T2 - NanoWorkshop 2018: Workshop on Reference Nanomaterials CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 14.05.2018 KW - OECD KW - Nano KW - Guideline KW - Nanomaterials KW - Prüfrichtlinie PY - 2019 SN - 978-3-95606-440-1 DO - https://doi.org/10.7795/110.20190412 SN - 0179-0609 VL - F-61 SP - 279 EP - 279 PB - Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt CY - Braunschweig und Berlin AN - OPUS4-49515 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jann, Oliver ED - Oswald, M. ED - Zöller, M. T1 - Schadstoffe im Innenbereich – Fachhandel-, Baumarkt-, Bioprodukte: Nicht deklarierte Emissionen versus Verwendbarkeit – eine Qual der Wahl! N2 - Es lässt sich feststellen, dass eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen aus Bauprodukten freigesetzt werden kann. Hierbei gibt es in den meisten Bauproduktgruppen sowohl emissionsarme als auch emissionsreiche Produkte. Manche Verbindungen sind produktgruppenspezifisch; so werden beispielsweise Siloxane aus Silikondichtmassen freigesetzt, andere Verbindungen sind eher unspezifisch wie Formaldehyd und Essigsäure, die aber in unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen aus einer Vielzahl von Produkten abgegeben werden und zu den am häufigsten emittierten Verbindungen zählen. Es ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass VOC-Analytik und Gerüche im Allgemeinen keinen Zusammenhang zeigen. Gerade bei modernen, dichten Bauten mit geringem natürlichem Luftwechsel sind hohe Schadstoffkonzentrationen zu erwarten, wenn nicht emissionsarme Materialien und Produkte zum Einsatz kommen. T2 - AIBAU 2019 CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 08.04.2019 KW - Luftschadstoffe KW - Bauprodukte KW - Emission KW - Innenraum PY - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-27446-7 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27446-7_4 VL - 2019 SP - 65 EP - 74 PB - Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2020 CY - Wiesbaden AN - OPUS4-50081 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seneschal-Merz, Karine A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Feldmann, Ines T1 - Low melting glasses for transparent and environmentally-resistant enamels N2 - Today glass is broadly used in modern architecture. For indoor applications it is possible to produce decorated glass by using enamel colours and glass painting techniques without any problems. However, this is more limited for applications out of doors. Humidity and environmental pollution attack the surface of the coating and can damage it. There are only a few colours on the market which are resistant towards acids and bases until now. Additionally, most of those colours are opaque. To extend the colour palette, chemically resistant low melting coloured glasses are being developed which are transparent and intensively toned even in thin coating thicknesses. To achieve such an ambitious aim, many parameters have to combine and act in a complex manner. New compositions of lead borosilicate, zinc borosilicate and lead-zinc borosilicate glasses were produced and milled as powder. The thermal properties as well as the environmental stability were analysed. The influence of PbO and ZnO on the thermal properties and the environmental stability were investigated. Evaluation of the fusing results shows that the production and mixture of transparent vitreous enamels for the exterior side of glasses is possible. The tests made it clear that the original materials for making the vitreous enamels must be excellently ground and prepared to achieve a satisfactory result. The method to produce durable vitreous enamels for exterior application also seems to allow the production of glass colours. KW - Low melting glasses KW - Enamels KW - Heavy metal free KW - Corrosion KW - Chemical durability KW - Aging tests KW - Architecture KW - Colored glasses PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.13036/17533546.60.4.002 SN - 1753-3546 SN - 1753-3554 VL - 60 IS - 4 SP - 97 EP - 104 PB - Society of Glass Technology CY - Sheffield, UK AN - OPUS4-48835 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Seneschal-Merz, Karine A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Oleszczuk, S. T1 - EDX-Analysis on medieval glasses and innovative protection of stained glass panels N2 - The church of Koszewko (Poland) is a brick building edified in the 15th century built on cobblestone foundations. There are five windows in the sanctuary. Three of them enclose heraldic panels from the Küssow’s family from the 15th century which are surrounded with Goethe glass from the 18th century to complete the windows. The colored heraldic panels are strongly damaged and corroded with massive paint layer losses, glass- and leadbreakages. Those medieval glass fragments have been shortly discovered and are of particular interest for Poland since only few medieval glazing have been conserved. The damages as well as the glass compositions have been investigated with ESEM/EDX. Two categories of medieval glass compositions have been identified. The blue glass is particularly sensible to corrosion because of his high content in K2O. The colorless and the red glass samples belong to a stable glass type. Due to the thickness of the gel layer, it is easy to see that the degradation is strongly proceeded. The protection of those medieval stained-glass panels is absolute necessary. The medieval panels have been restored and surrounded from a copper frame. Then they have been fixed on the wood frame in the church. The exterior glazing has been closed with a panel of Goethe glass. The gap between the Goethe- and the medieval glass is about 3 cm. The Goethe glass panel has been stabilized with a film based on polyester to protect the medieval glasses against any damages. In this way, a low cost protective glazing has been installed for a long-term conservation of each medieval stained-glass panels. The climate measurements over the period of one year on the restored windows are in process. The temperature and the relative humidity are recorded in the church interior, in the gap between the original and the Goethe glass and outdoors. T2 - 93rd Annual Meeting of DGG and Annual Meeting of USTV CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 13.05.2019 KW - Medieval glasses KW - Stained glasses KW - EDX Analysis KW - Corrosion PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48025 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Raedel, Martina A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Reimann, M. T1 - Conservation of damaged architectural aluminum elements N2 - Aluminum is an often-used building material in modern architecture. In recent years buildings from the 1950th and 1960th are increasingly subject of conservation works including the aluminum parts. Typical surface damages are signs of corrosion caused by weathering processes or scratches in the anodized layer due to extensive wear. To repair damaged aluminum surfaces, there are usually two options: smaller areas are repaired by using a touch-up pen, for larger damages it is necessary to remove the anodized layer completely. Both possibilities are disadvantageous for the objects; the touch-up pen often does not match the color together with an insufficient corrosion protection, while newly anodized layers often differ in color and gloss from the original surface. For this reason, a research project was initiated to develop a mobile method to repair anodized aluminum parts. The first step focusses on the mobile anodization process by using the electrolyte with a gel substrate. Different cathodic materials are to be tested together with appropriate cooling material. The anodized area should be isolated to protect undamaged areas. Examinations of the produced layers are conducted by using Keyence microscope, eddy current testing and ESEM analysis. Further steps are to transform the coloring and sealing process for mobile application. Color could be applied by using a brush or by spray while the sealing process could be performed with water vapor. An heatable putty knife could be used, if heating up the area will be necessary. Once the application process is developed, the anodization will be tested on samples with artificial damages, fixed in horizontal and vertical positions. The stability of the anodized surface will be examined by accelerated ageing in a climate chamber and outdoor weathering. The electrolyte (diluted sulfuric acid) was combined with a gel binder to enable a mobile application. Several thickening agents were tested concerning their conductivity and stability in acid systems. Anodization tests with different cathodic material and shapes were conducted. The temperature during anodization was controlled and adjusted if necessary. The anodized area was restricted by using either a lacquer, an adhesive or a removable silicon barrier. The fist results show the feasibility of the method on enclosed areas. The achieved thickness was measured by eddy current testing and the structure was controlled by ESEM analysis. The examinations show a connection between thickness and porosity of the anodized layers and the temperature during the application process. Next steps are testing mobile coloring and sealing methods followed by mobile anodization on artificial damaged areas. T2 - Metal 2019 CY - Neuchâtel, Switzerland DA - 02.09.2019 KW - Mobile anodisation KW - Aluminium KW - Conservation KW - Damage repair PY - 2020 UR - https://www.lulu.com/shop/claudia-chemello-and-laura-brambilla-and-edith-joseph/metal-2019-proceedings-of-the-interim-meeting-of-the-icom-cc-metals-working-group-september-2-6-2019-neuch%C3%A2tel-switzerland-ebook/ebook/product-24517161.html AN - OPUS4-51479 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Hahn, Oliver T1 - The BEMMA-Scheme helpful for low VOC inside display cases? N2 - Museums worldwide are equipped with different display cases. Exhibit display cases should protect cultural objects from dust as well as from mechanical and physical damage. To ensure a stable climate inside the display cases, a low air exchange rate is maintained. Typically, air exchange rates are often smaller than 0.1 d-1, which can result in rising concentrations of potential harmful VOC inside of the display cases due to emissions from materials. Especially organic acids, e. g. formic or acetic acid which can emit from e.g. sealing materials or wood-based materials, can produce damage of cultural objects. In 2012 BAM introduced a procedure which is called: BEMMA-Scheme (Bewertung von Emissionen aus Materialien für Museums¬ausstattungen) which stands for: “Assessment of Emissions from Materials for Museum Equipment”. Regarding the testing procedure only construction materials were evaluated, not the display cases their self. Micro chambers are used for VOC emission tests of display case construction materials, e.g. plastics, sealing materials, coatings, textiles and others. Each sampling procedure is carried out in duplicate. Emissions like formic acid, acetic acid, formaldehyde, piperidine-derivates and oximes are excluded and the sum of emissions of VVOCs, VOCs and SVOCs is limited. For a positive assessment all listed criteria must be fulfilled; otherwise the display construction material fails the BEMMA scheme. T2 - Indoor Air Quality in Heritage and Historic Environments CY - Online meeting DA - 12.10.2020 KW - Museum KW - VOC-emission KW - BEMMA KW - Display case PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51470 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bresch, Harald T1 - Standard Operating Procedures in the digital context N2 - The intention of the presentation is to inspire a discussion on the needs and challenges for the digitalisation of SOPs. SOPs are available for the disciplines of physical-chemical characterisation, for toxicology, for environmental applications and for exposure applications. Furthermore the SOPs need to be integrated in the regulatory framework and need to be detailed enough for the digital processing. This is highlighted in this presentation. T2 - Nanosafety 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 07.10.2020 KW - Nano KW - SOP KW - NFDI KW - Digitalisation KW - Operating Procedure PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51491 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rühle, Bastian A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Radnick, Jörg T1 - Perspektive der BAM auf neuartige Materialien N2 - Neuartige Materialien, die bekannte (Werk-)Stoffe mit neuen Funktionalitäten ausstatten, spielen eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle im Bereich der Materialforschung und -prüfung. Das Spektrum neuartiger Materialien reicht von der gezielten Oberflächenfunktionalisierung und -strukturierung makroskopischer Materialien, dünnen Beschichtungen bis hin zu mikro- und nanoskaligen Kompositmaterialien und funktionalen Materialien an der Schnittstelle zur Biologie, Biotechnologie, nachhaltige Energiespeicherung und Sensorik. Dabei bieten neuartige Materialien die Chance, Werkstoffe und Produkte mit erweiterter oder verbesserter Funktionalität zu erhalten und Sicherheit bereits im Designprozess zu berücksichtigen. Durch dieses breite Anwendungsspektrum und die Herausforderungen, die solche Materialien für die Sicherheit in Chemie und Technik mit sich bringen, sind diese in allen Themenfeldern der BAM repräsentiert (Material, Analytical Sciences, Energie, Infrastruktur und Umwelt). Die Aufgaben der BAM erstrecken sich dabei von der Herstellung von Referenzmaterialien für Industrie, Forschung und Regulation, über die Erstellung von standardisierten Referenzverfahren für nachhaltige Messungen im Umwelt- und Lebenswissenschaftsbereich bis hin zur Bereitstellung von belastbaren und zitierbaren Referenzdaten. Durch die genaue Charakterisierung neuartiger Materialien können potentiell problematische Substanzen identifiziert und deren Risiken besser abgeschätzt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden einige aktuelle Beispiele aus diesen Bereichen vorgestellt. T2 - NanoDialog der Bundesregierung - Chancen und Risiken von Neuartigen Materialien CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 22.05.2019 KW - Advanced Materials KW - Nanomaterialien KW - Neuartige Materialien PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49594 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Even, Morgane A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - Towards an efficient procedure for the analysis of VVOC emissions N2 - This poster summarizes the points that need to be addressed towards the standardization of an efficient procedure for the analysis of VVOC emissions: Standard mixture generation and investigations on mutual reactivity, selection of an appropriate sorbent combination, water management and choice of a suited GC column. T2 - Indoor Air 2020: The 16th conference of the international society of indoor air quality and climate CY - Online meeting DA - 01.11.2020 KW - VVOCs KW - Analytical method KW - ISO 16000-6 KW - EN 16516 PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-52023 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Even, Morgane A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - Measurement of very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs) in indoor air by sorbent-based active sampling: Identifying the gaps towards standardisation N2 - The ISO 16000-6 standard describes a method for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor and test chamber air by sorbent-based active sampling, thermal desorption and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It also gives directions to adapt this methodology to very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs). Indeed, toxicologically based guideline values are being implemented for these compounds and it becomes necessary to measure them. But a comprehensive and robust measurement method is lacking. This work highlights the points that still need to be explored towards the standardisation of a suitable procedure: investigations on sorbent combinations, the suitability of chromatography columns and the use of gaseous standards are required. The biggest challenge remains in the fact that strong sorbents adsorb water together with VVOCs. Water may impair the analysis and the optimal approach to eliminate it is still to be found and integrated into the sampling strategy. KW - Solvents KW - Air analysis KW - VOC KW - Thermal desorption KW - Gas chromatography KW - ISO 16000-6 PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-523919 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2021.116265 VL - 140 SP - 116265 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-52391 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seneschal-Merz, Karine A1 - Bücker, Michael A1 - Sander, C. T1 - Development of low melting glasses as durable transparent enamel colors for the manufacture of decorated glass panels N2 - Today glass is broadly used in modern architecture. For applications indoor it is possible to produce decor glass by using enamel colors and glass painting techniques without any problems. However, this is more limited for applications outdoor. Humidity and environmental pollution attack the surface of the coating and damage it strongly. There are only few colors on the market which are resistant towards acids and bases until now. Additionally, most of those colors are opaque. In order to extend the color palette, chemically resistant colored glasses are being developed which are transparent, relatively low melting and intensively toned even in thin coat thickness. To achieve such ambitious aim, many parameters have to match which act in complex manner. Metal oxides were used to color the glasses. A lead-free glass composition was developed to avoid an exposition of heavy metals to the environment. The glasses were characterized, in particular in terms of their thermal properties, their crystallization and corrosion behavior as well as their chemical and environmental durability. Different practical applications will be shown. T2 - 15th International Conference on the Physics of Non-Crystalline Solids & 14th European Society of Glass Conference CY - Saint-Malon, France DA - 08.07.2018 KW - Glass KW - Chemical durability KW - Corrosion KW - Enamel colors KW - Low melting KW - Environmental friendly KW - Architecture KW - Thermal properties PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45755 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bartelmeß, Jürgen A1 - Gawlitza, Kornelia A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Chlvi-Iborra, Katherine A1 - Tiebe, Carlo A1 - Noske, Reinhard A1 - Bartholmai, Matthias A1 - Rurack, Knut T1 - Developments Towards a BODIPY-based fluorometric sensing device for multiple hazardous gases N2 - Fluorometric sensing is a versatile approach for trace analysis outside of the laboratory, requiring suitable sensor materials and their integration into sensing devices. The versatility of fluorophores as probes, especially in terms of the possibility to tailor their optical as well as their recognition properties by synthetic modifications in a wide range, renders them as superior active component for the preparation of optical sensing devices. Recent works at BAM in this field include, for example, the detection of nerve gas agents, illustrating impressively the aforementioned benefits of fluorophores in optical sensing applications. In the interdisciplinary project presented here, we target hazardous gases such as ammonia, benzene, and hydrogen sulfide, next to others, which pose a major threat to human health and environmental safety and for which the availability of a sensitive and reliable detection method is highly desirable. The dyes presented follow a “turn-on” fluorescence schematic, which allows for the selective and sensitive detection of the respective gaseous analyte. The immobilization of the probe in polymeric matrices is then the next step toward the fabrication of a prototype device for molecular sensing. Further steps in the project include the assembly of instruments for test-atmosphere generation, the referencing of the sensor system, development and implementation of an optical setup, and the testing of the prototype device under laboratory conditions and in the field. In this presentation, we give an overview over the recent developments on this topic in our groups. Highlights are hydrogen sulfide sensitive, BODIPY based transition metal complexes, which allow for a sensitive as well as selective detection of the toxic gas. In addition, we present a novel class of highly substituted BODIPY derivatives – pocket-BODIPYs – which are of a synthetically high versatility and can readily be modified to create pockets in the periphery of the molecule of defined geometries. This is illustrated on the successful encapsulation of benzene by a pocket-BODIPY derivative, confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis as well as by further spectroscopic and analytical methods. T2 - International Conference on Porphyrins and Phthalocyanins (ICPP-10) CY - Munich, Germany DA - 01.07.2018 KW - BODIPY dye KW - Fluorometric sensing KW - Gas sensing PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45646 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Even, Morgane A1 - Hutler, C. A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Vieth, B. A1 - Luch, A. T1 - Investigations on emission properties of VOCs from consumer products made of polymers N2 - There is a need for an assessment of the emission properties of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from consumer products. A method comparison was carried out to evaluate adapted and cost-effective procedures for such items. Smaller and automated emission chambers depicted similar kinetics compared to a 203 L standard chamber. Toy samples made of PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) emitted more VOCs compared to other tested polymeric products. The emissions from 2 selected samples were studied to allow an evaluation of the resulting room concentration and external exposure of a child. Obtained concentrations were not of concern. T2 - Indoor Air Conference 2018 CY - Philadelphia, USA DA - 22.07.2018 KW - Emission chamber KW - VOC KW - Consumer article PY - 2018 SP - Paper 381, 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-45654 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -