TY - CHAP A1 - Glauner, R. A1 - Grosser, D. A1 - Melcher, E. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger ED - Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN), T1 - Kommentar zu DIN 68800-1:2019-06 Holzschutz Teil 1: Allgemeines N2 - Die Normenreihe DIN 68800 ist Ende der 2000er Jahre komplett überarbeitet worden. Der Kommentar bietet den interessierten Kreisen der Bauaufsicht, des Holzbaus, der Holzschutzmittelindustrie, der Wissenschaft, den Prüfinstituten, der Sägeindustrie, den Umweltverbänden, den Verbrauchern, den Schädlingsbekämpfern und Architekten wertvolle Hilfen bei der Anwendung und Interpretation der Norm. KW - Holzschutz, KW - DIN KW - Norm PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-410-30623-8 SP - 1 EP - 69 PB - Beuth Verlag CY - Berlin ET - 3. AN - OPUS4-54719 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Roesch, Philipp A1 - Wittwer, Philipp A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg ED - Holm, O. ED - Thomé-Kozmiensky, E. ED - Quicker, P. ED - Kopp-Assenmacher, S. T1 - Per- und polyfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) im Klärschlamm N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of more than 4700 anionic and cationic anthrophonic substances which have been used extensively in a variety of products and industries due to their inert chemical stability and resistance to degradation by heat or acids. As a result of continuous use, mainly in aviation firefighting foams, thousands of industrial and military installations have been found to contain contaminated soil and groundwater resources. However, because of the continuous use of fluorinated consumer products, also effluents and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been shown to be an important source of PFAS contamination into the aquatic environment. Resulting from recent stricter regulations and restrictions in the last years on the use of long chain (≥C8) PFAS, there is a significant shift in the chemical industry towards production of short (C4-C7) and ultrashort (C1-C3) chain alternatives. With the amendment of the Sewage Sludge Ordinance in 2017 the German legislation banned sewage sludge application on agricultural land, and by 2029/2032 sewage sludge will be completely prohibited from agricultural application. While environmental exposure of organic pollutants like PFAS, pesticides and pharmaceuticals are no longer desirable, phosphorus (P) from sewage sludge must still be used to produce high-quality P-fertilizers for a circular economy. Currently, plant-available P-fertilizers from sewage sludge/wastewater can be produced using a variety of treatment approaches including precipitation, leaching, and thermal treatment. However, the fate of legacy and emerging PFAS compounds during P leaching, precipitation and treatment from sewage sludge and wastewater is for the most parts still unknown. KW - Combustion Ion Chromatography KW - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) KW - Klärschlamm KW - Düngemittel PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-944310-65-7 SP - 270 EP - 279 PB - Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH CY - Neuruppin AN - OPUS4-56290 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schumacher, Julia ED - Scott, B. ED - Mesarich, C. T1 - Role of light in the life cycle of Botrytis cinerea N2 - The fungus Botrytis cinerea (Botryotinia fuckeliana) infects more than 500 plant species and causes a wide range of symptoms: soft rots, accompanied by collapse and water-soaking of tissues followed by the appearance of gray masses of conidia on leaves and soft fruits (gray mold), and spots that may turn brown to full-scale soft rotting on flower petals (Botrytis blight). In general, B. cinerea is responsible for severe economic losses that are either due to the damage of growing plants in the field or the rot of harvested fruits, flowers, and vegetables during storage under cold and humid conditions. B. cinerea has adapted to the plant host and its environment by evolving strategies to use plant tissues for proliferation in terms of a necrotrophic lifestyle, and to survive biotic stresses (host responses) as well as abiotic factors of the host’s environment such as sunlight and concomitant stresses. B. cinerea maintains a complex regulatory network of light-sensitive proteins and signal transduction pathways to use light for coordinating stress responses, virulence, and reproduction. Different light-controlled reproduction cycles enable B. cinerea to live in moderate climate zones by infecting and propagating in summer and resting in winter when green host tissues are unavailable. KW - Gray mold fungus KW - Plant pathogen KW - Light KW - Photoreceptors KW - Development PY - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16503-0_14 VL - 5 SP - 329 EP - 346 PB - Springer, Cham AN - OPUS4-56724 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Colini, Claudia A1 - Shevchuk, I. A1 - Huskin, K. A. A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Hahn, Oliver ED - Quenzer, J. B. T1 - A New Standard Protocol for Identification of Writing Media N2 - Our standard protocol for the characterisation of writing materials within advanced manuscript studies has been successfully used to investigate manuscripts written with a pure ink on a homogeneous writing surface. However, this protocol is inadequate for analysing documents penned in mixed inks. We present here the advantages and limitations of the improved version of the protocol, which now includes imaging further into the infrared region (1100−1700 nm). KW - Archaeometry KW - Manuscripts KW - Non-destructive testing PY - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-543454 SN - 978-3-11-074545-0 VL - 25 SP - 161 EP - 182 PB - Walter de Gruyter GmbH CY - Berlin/Boston AN - OPUS4-54345 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Golle, U. A1 - Wintermann, Carsten A1 - Laurenza, D. ED - Quenzer, J. B. T1 - Scientific Analysis of Leonardo’s Manuscript with Anatomic Drawings and Notes N2 - In this paper, we discuss the importance of scientifically investigating cultural artefacts in a non-invasive way. Taking as test case Leonardo da Vinci’s Manuscript with anatomic drawings and notes, which is stored in Weimar, we clarify fundamental steps in the chronology of this folio. By means of microscopy, infrared reflectography, UV photography, and X-ray fluorescence analysis, we were able to identify various types of sketching material and several varieties of iron gall ink. For his sketches, Leonardo used two different sketching tools, a lead pencil and a graphite pencil, as well as several types of ink for developing these sketches into drawings. With regard to ink, it is important to observe that there is no difference between the ink Leonardo used for drawing and the ink he used for writing text. Based on the materials analysed, we suggest a chronology for the creation of this unique folio. KW - Archaeometry KW - Non-invasive analysis KW - Drawings KW - Leonardo da Vinci PY - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-543460 SN - 978-3-11-074545-0 VL - 25 SP - 213 EP - 228 PB - Walter de Gruyter GmbH CY - Berlin/Boston AN - OPUS4-54346 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dietz, Georg A1 - Golle, U. A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Ketelsen, T. A1 - Melzer, C. A1 - Wintermann, Carsten ED - Semff, M. T1 - Der fabelhafte Möglichmacher N2 - Der Beitrag würdigt die Verdienste Wolfgang Hollers bei der Etablierung fächerübergreifender Kooperationen zwischen Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften innerhalb der Zeichnungsforschung. KW - Archäometrie PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-947641-20-8 SP - 370 EP - 371 PB - Sieveking Verlag CY - München AN - OPUS4-54355 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wünsch, Christoph A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg ED - Maletz, Roman ED - Dornack, Christina ED - Ziyang, Lou T1 - The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through the source-separated collection of household waste in Germany N2 - The production of secondary materials from waste materials requires, in most cases, significantly lower energy amounts than the primary material production of raw materials. Along with lower energy demand, the greenhouse gas emissions produced are also lower. The duty of a modern waste management system should therefore be to collect and sort the waste materials in a way that the highest amounts of single material fractions with the highest qualities can be generated. In this contribution, the greenhouse gas balances of the theoretical treatment of the household waste, if collected as mixed waste in sanitary landfills, in waste incineration plants, or in mechanical-biological treatment plants, are compared to the existing separate waste collection and treatment in Germany in 2014. The results show that the treatment of the mixed collected household waste in sanitary landfills would lead to a significant release of greenhouse gases. The treatment in MBTs with the recovery of valuables and the further disposal of the biologically stabilized fraction on landfills, as well as the treatment of the high calorific fraction (also called refuse derived fuel – RDF) in RDF plants, coal-fired power plants, or cement kilns, would lead to small amounts of avoided greenhouse gas emissions. The thermal treatment in waste incineration plants would lead to moderate amounts of avoided greenhouse gases. Only with the actually practiced separate collection and treatment of household waste were significant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions avoided. In total, this is approximately 5.5 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalents for approximately 45.5 million tons of separate collected and treated household waste in Germany in 2014. KW - Greenhouse gas accounting KW - Greenhouse gas mitigation KW - Household waste KW - Material recycling KW - Separate collection PY - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-69071-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_35 VL - 63 SP - 269 EP - 287 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Berlin ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-44937 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Krüger, Oliver ED - IWA Publishing, T1 - Wastewater as a resource: From rare earth metals to phosphorus N2 - Wastewater contains a diverse array of organic and inorganic compounds and its complex composition strongly depends on the location and the connected dischargers. However, municipal wastewater as a carrier of feces and urine generally contains considerable amounts of the main nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus. The latter is in the focus of the discussions about the recovery potential of wastewater due to the relatively high mass flows of phosphorus in wastewater and the finite nature and decreasing quality of phosphate rock reserves. But due to the presence of the whole periodic table of elements, wastewater might contain further valuable components of interest for recovery including those defined as critical raw materials by the European Commission. Phosphorus and most of the other critical raw materials are fixed in the sewage sludge and after incineration in the sewage sludge ash (SSA). This is accompanied by high concentration factors from wastewater via sludge to ash. However, the mass fractions of the majority of elements in sewage sludge are comparable to those of the earth crust, indicating no relative enrichment. Nevertheless, enrichment factors of 100 or higher are given for phosphorus, copper, zinc, cadmium, silver, tin, lead and the platinum group elements indicating an anthropogenic input. An economic value of sewage sludge was estimated to $460,-/t calculated on the basis of the respective market prices for high purity elements – a theoretical value. A German survey of sewage sludge ashes showed that the mass fractions and the mass flows of most of the elements present in SSA are probably too low for an economic recovery. In most cases the mass flows are rather small compared to the imports and the chemical forms are not suitable for recovery. An exception is phosphorus that is present in high mass fractions up to 13% and that bears a high substitution potential. If the application of P-recovery technologies lead to a further concentration of valuable elements e.g. as by-products in side streams of the process, it would probably make also the recovery of other elements of economic interest. KW - Wastewater KW - Sewage sludge PY - 2018 SN - 978-1-78040-835-4 SN - 978-1-78040-836-1 SN - 978-1-78040-954-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780408361 SP - 241 EP - 252 PB - IWA Publishing CY - London AN - OPUS4-45679 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Holm, Olaf A1 - Kalbe, Ute ED - Thiel, S. ED - Thome-Kozmiensky, E. ED - Pretz, T. ED - Senk, D. G. ED - Wotruba, H. T1 - Antimon in Rostaschen aus der Müllverbrennung – Auslaugverhalten und Rückschlüsse für die Aufbereitung N2 - Antimon (Sb) wird industriell vorwiegend als Flammschutzmittel in Kunststoffen verwendet. Am Ende des Lebenszyklus landet etwa die Hälfte des produzierten Sb, vorwiegend über entsprechend dotierte Kunststoffe, in Haus- und vor allem Industrieabfällen und in der Folge auch in relevanten Mengen in Rostaschen aus der Verbrennung dieser Abfälle. Zwar werden in den Produkten Sb-Verbindungen in der Oxidationsstufe 3 eingesetzt, in den Aschen liegt Sb jedoch wegen der leichten Oxidierbarkeit überwiegend in der Oxidationsstufe 5 als Oxyanion vor (Sb(OH)6- oder Sb2O74-). Die Freisetzung beim Kontakt mit Wasser ist zunächst gering, weil die Antimonate schwerlösliche Verbindungen mit Ca2+ bilden. Durch die Carbonatisierung der Aschen während der vorgeschalteten Lagerung sinkt der pH-Wert im Eluat. Die Konzentration von Ca im Eluat nimmt mit fortschreitender Elutionsdauer ab, wodurch sich das Lösungsgleichgewicht verschiebt und Antimonate gelöst werden können. Dieses Verhalten wird durch einen Langzeitversuch mit Lysimetern bestätigt. Experimentelle Daten aus unterschiedlichen Elutionstests wurden mit dem Solver-Modul in MS Excel gefittet. Daraus ergibt sich Ca(Sb(OH)6)2xCa0.78(OH)1.56 als mögliche Verbindung für in Rostaschen enthaltenes Ca-Antimonat. Laut Entwurf der MantelVO ist für Sb in Rostaschen eine Regulierung vorgesehen. Die darin vorgesehenen Grenzwerte könnten ein Problem für Rostaschen darstellen und gefährden die Verwertung der mineralischen Fraktion. In den meisten Bundesländern geschieht der Vollzug derzeit nach dem LAGA Merkblatt M20. Die darin festgelegten Parameter zur Bewertung berücksichtigen im Prinzip nur eine Richtung, bei der sich die Materialeigenschaften im Zuge der Alterung von Rostaschen verbessern. Dieser Zusammenhang ist bei Sb nicht gegeben, was bei der Beurteilung des Gefahrenpotentials aber Berücksichtigung finden sollte. Das entgegengesetzte Verhalten von Sb stellt Aufbereiter und Verwerter möglicherweise vor Probleme. Die Einführung einer Ersatzbaustoffverordnung im Rahmen der MantelVO soll bundeseinheitliche Rechtssicherheit bei der Verwertung von mineralischen Recyclingmaterialien schaffen. Damit würde dann auch eine Grundlage für Investitionen in verbesserte Aufbereitungsverfahren geschaffen werden. Da im Hinblick auf Sb aus dargestellten Zusammenhängen jedoch eher das Gegenteil zu befürchten ist, besteht Forschungsbedarf, um dieses Problem zu lösen. KW - Antimon KW - Rostasche KW - Nassaufbereitung PY - 2019 SN - 978-3-944310-47-3 VL - 6 SP - 148 EP - 164 PB - TK-Verlag CY - Nietwerder ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-47989 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ghigo, Tea A1 - Torallas, S. T1 - Between Literary and Documentary Practices: The Montserrat Codex Miscellaneus (Inv. Nos. 126‐178, 292, 338) and the Material Investigation of Its Inks N2 - The Montserrat Codex Miscellaneus (TM 59453/LDAB 552) has been the subject of numerous studies since the publication of ist first text by its owner, father Ramon Roca-Puig. Scholars have dealt with the content of its texts, as well as interrogated its origin and materiality. It is a fourth-century papyrus single quire codex, which contains texts in both Latin and Greek. It has been argued that it belonged to the Bodmer library, connected to a Pachomian library in the Thebaid. In this paper we want to contribute to the material study of the codex by presenting the first results of an archaeometric analysis performed upon the inks. The Analysis was carried out within the framework of the ‘PAThs’ project based at Sapienza University of Rome, and executed with the close cooperation of DVCTVS, a team of scholars who curate the Roca-Puig collection. The results obtained have not only cast light on the history of production of the codex, but also, and perhaps most importantly, point out that a meaningful interpretation of the analytical data is only possible through an interdisciplinary collaboration between the humanities and the natural sciences. KW - Interdisciplinary approach KW - Codex Miscellaneus KW - Palaeography KW - Book production KW - Archaeometry KW - Ink analysis PY - 2020 SP - 101 EP - 114 AN - OPUS4-51004 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ghigo, Tea A1 - Rabin, Ira T1 - Gaining Perspective into the Materiality of Manuscripts: The Contribution of Archaeometry to the Study of the Inks of the White Monastery Codices N2 - An interdisciplinary approach to the study of manuscript traditions is here applied to the analysis of the leaves from the White Monastery, one of the greatest centres of literary production in Late Antique Egypt. In the framework of the ‘PAThs’ project, archaeometric analyses complement the information pieced together by a range of disciplines in the field of humanities. The use of different complementary analytical techniques provides information on the type of ink used and its elemental composition, unveiling interesting details regarding the materials and methodology of manufacturing of writing media. Moreover, this contribution takes a step forward and discusses the possible existence of a regional arrangement in the elemental composition revealed in the inks studied. KW - Manuscript making KW - Archaeometry KW - Ink analysis KW - Interdisciplinary approach KW - Coptic studies PY - 2020 SP - 273 EP - 282 AN - OPUS4-51003 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lessovaia, S.N. A1 - Gerrits, Ruben A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Polekhovsky, Y.S. A1 - Dultz, S. A1 - Kopitsa, G.G. ED - Frank-Kamenetskaya, O.V. ED - Vlasov, D. ED - Panova, E.G. ED - Lessovaia, S.N. T1 - Modeling Biogenic Weathering of Rocks from Soils of Cold Environments N2 - Morphologically simple and microbially dominated ecosystems termed “biofilms” have existed on Earth for a long period of biosphere evolution. A model biofilm combining one heterotroph and one phototroph component was used in a laboratory experiment to simulate biogenic weathering with two different specimens of basic rock samples from the soil profiles. The rocks fragments from the regions of cold environments of Eurasia,where abiotic physical processes, including rock disintegration initiated by freezing–thawing cycles, represent the most probable Scenario of rock weathering, were subjected to biological colonization. The rock Fragments were represented by dolerite and metagabbro amphibolites. Polished sections of the rock samples were inoculated with the model microbiological consortium of the oligotrophic fungus and the phototrophic cyanobacteria (biofilm). After 3 month runtime of the experiment the progress of rock weathering was derived from the growth of the biofilm on the rock surfaces. The model biofilm visualization on the rock surface of polished sections illustrated their stronger development namely on dolerite in comparison with metagabbro amphibolite. The findings confirmed the higher sensitivity of dolerite to biogenic weathering due to (i) mineral association, in which quartz was absent and (ii) porosity providing higher specific surface area for biotic—abiotic interaction influenced by the occurrence of micro-porosity in the rock. KW - Biogenic weathering KW - Rock leaching KW - Fractal structure KW - Biofilm formation KW - Internal pores PY - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21614-6_27 SP - 501 EP - 515 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-51442 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Golle, U. A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Wintermann, C. ED - Brahms, I. T1 - Rötel und Eisengallustinte als Farbeffekte in der Zeichnung N2 - Eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Materialien findet für die farbliche Gestaltung von Zeichnungen Verwendung. Einige Pigmente und Farbstoffe, d.h. Tinten, Stifte oder Kreiden, waren nur für den Gebrauch als Zeichenmittel vorgesehen – andere wiederum finden sich auch in der Tafel- oder Fassmalerei. Ausgehend von schwarzen Zeichenmaterialien soll zunächst eine allgemeine Typologie der Farbmittel entwickelt werden, um den Kosmos dieser Vielfältigkeit zu illustrieren. In einem zweiten Teil werden farbige Elemente am Beispiel von Rötel in Zeichnungen hinterfragt, deren Funktion und Bedeutung sich aus der Betrachtung heraus nicht unbedingt sofort erschließt. So diente die Farbe hier weder der naturgetreuen Nachahmung, noch wurde sie für eine nachträgliche Wertsteigerung eingesetzt. Der dritte Teil dieses Exkurses widmet sich schließlich solchen „farbigen“ Elementen, deren Konnotationen sich aus den Zeichnungen nicht ermitteln lassen und die daher zunächst irritieren. Diese vermeintliche Farbigkeit war aber ursprünglich vielleicht gar nicht intendiert, sondern ist vielmehr auf Alterungs- und Korrosionsprozesse zurückzuführen. KW - Zeichenmaterialien KW - Eisengallustinte KW - Rötel KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung PY - 2020 SN - 978-3-7319-0772-5 SP - 152 EP - 159 PB - Michael Imhof Verlag CY - Petersberg AN - OPUS4-51404 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - An, Biwen Annie A1 - Voordouw, G. ED - An, Biwen Annie T1 - Chapter 4. Microbial Communities Involved in High Salinity Souring in Shale Oil Fields N2 - This book chapter provides an overview of the negative impacts of halophilic microorganisms in oil and gas operations. The chapter used a Canadian shale oil reservoir as an case study example to show the high souring and corrosion potential of halophilic microorganisms. KW - Corrosion KW - Halophilic KW - Microorganism KW - Microbial community modelling KW - Oil and gas reservoir KW - Shale KW - Geological formation KW - Oilfield PY - 2019 SN - 13 978-1-138-05775-3 SP - 57 EP - 69 PB - CRC Press CY - Boca Raton ET - 1. AN - OPUS4-49599 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Skrotzki, Birgit A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Czichos, Horst ED - Hennecke, Manfred ED - Skrotzki, Birgit T1 - Grundlagen der Werkstoffkunde N2 - Der Aufbau der Werkstoffe wird durch Merkmale wie Bindungsart, atomare Strukturen, Kristallstrukturen einschließlich ihrer Gitterbaufehler, Körner und Phasen bestimmt. Die Mikrostruktur (Gefüge) stellt den Verbund der Kristalle, Phasen und Gitterbaufehler auf mikroskopischer und nanoskopischer Skala dar. Die Grundlagen der Phasenumwandlungen werden behandelt und die Bedeutung von Diffusionsprozessen erläutert. Werkstoffe sind bedeutend für Kultur, Wirtschaft, Technik und Umwelt. Ihre Herstellung benötigt Ressourcen und Energie. Recycling ist eine Möglichkeit zur Erhöhung der Ressourcenproduktivität. KW - Materialkreislauf KW - Aufbau von Festkörpern KW - Kristallsystem KW - Gleichgewicht KW - Ungleichgewicht KW - Kreislaufwirtschaft PY - 2019 SN - 978-3-662-57492-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57492-8_27-1 SP - 1 EP - 31 PB - Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ET - 35. AN - OPUS4-48476 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Meggyes, Tamas ED - Meyers, Robert A. T1 - Sustainable remediation methods for metals and radionuclides N2 - Since it was realized that sites contaminated with metals and radionuclides needed treatment, various remediation methods have been and are being developed. Depending on the size of the contaminated site and urgency of intervention, conventional or recently introduced techniques have been used. Conventional techniques include excavation and removal for treatment of soil and contaminants, or the so-called “pump-and-treat” method, in which contaminated groundwater is removed from the ground by pumping and treated in a treatment plant on the surface. It has the advantage of using proven techniques and is easy to control, and the treated groundwater can be reinjected into the ground or discharged in rivers or lakes. Novel methods include permeable reactive barriers, biomineralization, and electrokinetic remediation. KW - Permeable reactive barriers KW - Groundwater KW - Uranium PY - 2019 SN - 978-1-4939-2493-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_63-3 SP - 1 EP - 37 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, LLC CY - Heidelberg ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-48816 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ghigo, Tea A1 - Rabin, Ira ED - Buzi, P. T1 - Detecting Early Medieval Coptic literature in Dayr Al-Anba Maqar, Between textual conservation and literary rearrangement: The case of Vat. Copt. 57 N2 - The study of the VAt.Copt. 57 at the Vatican Library. Codicological, palaeographical, textual and archaeometrical considerations. KW - Coptic KW - Archaeometry KW - Ink KW - Manuscripts PY - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-494004 SN - 978-88-210-1025-5 SP - 77 EP - 83 PB - Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana AN - OPUS4-49400 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Hahn, Oliver ED - Michel, C. ED - Friedrich, M. T1 - Detection of Fakes: The Merits and Limits of Non-Invasive Materials Analysis N2 - This paper addresses the sensitive issue of authenticating unprovenanced manuscripts of high monetary value to certify they are genuine. Over the last decade, the popularity of material studies of manuscripts using non-destructive testing (NDT) has increased enormously. These studies are held in especially high esteem in the case of suspicious writings due to the methodological rigour they are reputed to contribute to debate. We would like to stress that materials analysis alone cannot prove that an object is genuine. Unfortunately, audiences with a humanities background often tend to disregard the technical details and treat any published interpretation of instrumental analysis as an objective finding. Four examples are outlined here to illustrate what questionable contributions the natural sciences can make in describing manuscripts that have actually been forged. KW - Fakes KW - Non-invasive analysis KW - Limitations PY - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-517202 SN - 978-3-11-071422-7 SN - 2365-9696 VL - 20 SP - 281 EP - 290 PB - Walter de Gruyter GmbH CY - Berlin/Boston AN - OPUS4-51720 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg A1 - Schwarz, T. A1 - Galinski, E. A. ED - Lee, N. M. T1 - The compatible solute ectoine: protection mechanisms, strain development, and industrial production N2 - Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya can adapt to saline environments by accumulating compatible solutes in order to maintain an osmotic equilibrium. Compatible solutes are of diverse chemical structure (sugars, polyols, amino acid derivatives) and are beneficial for bacterial cells not only as osmoregulatory solutes but also as protectants of proteins by mitigating detrimental effects of freezing, drying, and high temperatures. The aspartate derivative ectoine is a widespread compatible solute in Bacteria and possesses additional protective properties compared with other compatible solutes and stabilizes even whole cells against stresses such as ultraviolet radiation or cytotoxins. Here, it is our intention to go beyond a simple description of effects, but to depict the molecular interaction of ectoine with biomolecules, such as proteins, membranes, and DNA and explain the underlying principles. The stabilizing properties of ectoine attracted industry, which saw the potential to market ectoine as a novel active component in health care products and cosmetics. In joint efforts of industry and research, a large-scale fermentation procedure has been developed with the halophilic bacterium Halomonas elongata used as a producer strain. The development and application of ectoine-excreting mutants from H. elongata (“leaky” mutants) allow for the annual production of ectoine on a scale of tons. The details of the strain development and fermentation processes will be introduced. KW - Ectoine KW - Biotechnology KW - Compatible solute KW - Preferential exclusion KW - Osmophobic effect PY - 2020 SN - 978-3-11-042773-8 SP - 121 EP - 136 PB - De Gruyter AN - OPUS4-51472 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zorn, Sabine A1 - Bosch, S. A1 - Hahn, Oliver ED - Klemm, D. ED - Stolzenburg, A. T1 - Materialtechnologische Untersuchungen an vier Zeichnungen Leonardo da Vincis aus dem Kupferstichkabinett N2 - Das Kupferstichkabinett der Hamburger Kunsthalle besitzt seit seiner Gründung vier Zeichnungen von Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519). Sie sind Teil eines umfangreichen Legats des Hamburger Kunsthändlers Georg Ernst Harzen, das der Stadt Hamburg für die 1869 eröffnete Kunsthalle als Besitz übereignet wurde. Die Zeichnungen gelten aufgrund ihrer Provenienzen und stilistischen Verankerung im Werk Leonardos als gesichert. Weiterführende materialtechnologische Untersuchungen wurden nun erstmals anlässlich der Ausstellung »Leonardo da Vinci – Die Zeichnungen im Hamburger Kupferstichkabinett« durchgeführt. KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Zeichnung KW - Leonardo da Vinci PY - 2019 SN - 978-3-938002-56-8 SP - 128 EP - 135 PB - Druckhaus Köthen CY - Köthen AN - OPUS4-49667 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -