TY - CONF A1 - Zubia Aranburu, Judith A1 - Cappella, Brunero A1 - Zabala Eguren, A. A1 - Buruaga Lamarain, L. A1 - Aginagalde Lopez, A. A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Schwibbert, Karin T1 - Quantification of the adhesion force of E. coli on Ti via single-cell force spectroscopy N2 - Antibiotic resistance is a growing global problem which poses a massive threat to human health. Although human activity contributes to the acceleration of the process, bacteria have a self-driven stabilisation mechanism to protect themselves from such and other external threats: biofilm formation. Nonetheless, it is the adhesion of a single bacterial cell to a surface that triggers the formation of such network of biomolecules and microorganisms, as well as its hazardous consequences. The main objective of this work was to quantify the adhesion force of a single E. coli cell on a Ti substrate via the AFM-related single-cell force spectroscopy, with both the cell and the substrate material being of high clinical relevance. A set of 25 x 25 force displacement curves was acquired with a maximum force of 3.2 nN without dwell time, yielding a topography map and an adhesion force map that showed to be correlated. A mean adhesion force of 0.85 ± 0.175 nN was measured and the presence of cell appendages on the bacterial cell wall was verified through individual force-displacement curves. Bacterial viability was assessed after the measurements via live/dead staining. T2 - XL Congreso Anual de la Sociedad Española de Ingeniería Biomédica CASEIB 2022 CY - Valladolid, Spain DA - 23.11.2022 KW - Bacteria KW - Atomic force microscopy KW - Force distance curve PY - 2022 SN - 978-84-09-45972-8 SP - 217 EP - 220 AN - OPUS4-57039 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yalçin, M. A1 - Taşçioğlu, C. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Akçay, Ç. A1 - Busweiler, Sabine T1 - Investigation of natural durability of some native and exotic wood species against Hylotrupes bajulus (Cerambycidae) and Anobium punctatum (Anobiidae) N2 - Aim of study: In this study, natural durability of some domestic and foreign wood species against Hylotrupes bajulus and Anobium punctatum larvae were tested on laboratory scale Area of study: This study was conducted at Department of Forest Products Engineering in Duzce University, Turkey and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Germany. Material and Methods: Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris), fir (Abies nordmanniana), spruce (Picea orientalis), cedar (Cedrus libani), poplar (Populus tremula) and beech (Fagus orientalis) woods were used to test H. bajulus larvae (EN 46-1). Alder (Alnus glutinosa), oak (Quercus cerris), poplar (Populus tremula), beech (Fagus orientalis), maple (Acer carpinifolium), ash (Fraxinus angustifolia), teak (Tectona grandis), ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon), movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus), dahoma (Piptadeniastrum africanum), iroko (Chlorophora excelsa), bubinga (Guibourtia tessmannii) and sapele (Entandrophragma cylindiricum) woods were used for A. punctatum larvae (EN 49-1). At the end of the experiment, the mortality rates of the larvae were determined and the size and weights of the surviving larvae were measured. Main results: F. orientalis and C. libani were found to be the most resistant wood species against H. bajulus larvae while A. nordmanniana was the least resistant. All tropical wood species and oak and maple from domestic wood species showed 100% mortality rate therefore found to be the most resistant against A. punctatum larvae. The most vulnerable wood species was found to be alder with a 35% mortality. Research highlights: while F. orientalis, C. libani, and P. tremula were found the most resistance wood species against H. bajulus, P. sylvestris and A. nordmanniana were determined as most vulnerable. All tropical wood species and two domestic species (Q. cerris and A. carpinifolium) showed the highest mortality rate as 100%. The least durable domestic wood was determined as alder. KW - Hylotrupes bajulus, Anobium punctatum, natural durability, tropical wood, native wood. PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-446572 DO - https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.311971 SN - 1303-2399 SN - 1309-4181 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 83 EP - 91 PB - Kastamonu University CY - Kastamonu AN - OPUS4-44657 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Yong A1 - Huang, Yanliang A1 - Yang, D. A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg A1 - De Marco, R. A1 - Wang, X. T1 - Investigation of the calcareous deposits formation controlled by interfacial pH and its effect on the hydrogen entry into AISI 4135 steel in seawater N2 - The influence of interfacial pH between AISI 4135 steel and seawater under different polarization potentials on the formation of calcareous deposits has been studied. An interfacial pH of 9.61 at −0.9 V vs. SCE using state of the art iridium oxide microelectrode was found to be the critical pH for the precipitation of magnesium hydroxide. Calcareous deposits with a double-layer structure comprising an inner-brucite layer and an outer-aragonite layer were found to form at potentials between −1.0 V and −1.2 V vs. SCE. Furthermore, the facilitation of hydrogen permeation into steel induced by the formation of calcareous deposits was verified using the Devanathan-Stachurski electrochemical test. The mechanism of calcareous deposits facilitates hydrogen permeation into steel is related to its inhibition on hydrogen recombination and escape processes. KW - Low alloy steel KW - Cathodic protection KW - Calcareous deposits KW - Hydrogen permeation PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.11.040 SN - 0360-3199 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-51730 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wünsch, Christoph A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg ED - Maletz, Roman ED - Dornack, Christina ED - Ziyang, Lou T1 - The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through the source-separated collection of household waste in Germany N2 - The production of secondary materials from waste materials requires, in most cases, significantly lower energy amounts than the primary material production of raw materials. Along with lower energy demand, the greenhouse gas emissions produced are also lower. The duty of a modern waste management system should therefore be to collect and sort the waste materials in a way that the highest amounts of single material fractions with the highest qualities can be generated. In this contribution, the greenhouse gas balances of the theoretical treatment of the household waste, if collected as mixed waste in sanitary landfills, in waste incineration plants, or in mechanical-biological treatment plants, are compared to the existing separate waste collection and treatment in Germany in 2014. The results show that the treatment of the mixed collected household waste in sanitary landfills would lead to a significant release of greenhouse gases. The treatment in MBTs with the recovery of valuables and the further disposal of the biologically stabilized fraction on landfills, as well as the treatment of the high calorific fraction (also called refuse derived fuel – RDF) in RDF plants, coal-fired power plants, or cement kilns, would lead to small amounts of avoided greenhouse gas emissions. The thermal treatment in waste incineration plants would lead to moderate amounts of avoided greenhouse gases. Only with the actually practiced separate collection and treatment of household waste were significant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions avoided. In total, this is approximately 5.5 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalents for approximately 45.5 million tons of separate collected and treated household waste in Germany in 2014. KW - Greenhouse gas accounting KW - Greenhouse gas mitigation KW - Household waste KW - Material recycling KW - Separate collection PY - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-69071-1 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_35 VL - 63 SP - 269 EP - 287 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Berlin ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-44937 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas T1 - Agency perspectives on geomembrane durability, service life and end of life N2 - Die Präsentation erläutert die Hintergründe der nationalen Anforderungen für die Verwendung von Kunststoffdichtungbahnen in Deponieabdichtungen. Die Beständigkeit wird diskutiert. Anforderungen an das Qualitatsmanagement während der Produktion der Produkte und der Bauphase werden aufgezeigt und die Auswirkungen auf die langzeitige Funktionserfüllung werden beschrieben. T2 - IGS TC-B GeoBarrier Workshop CY - Munich, Germany DA - 06.06.2018 KW - Beständigkeit KW - Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen KW - Deponiebau PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45123 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wöhlecke, Andreas A1 - Müller, Werner W. T1 - The role of junction strength in the performance of geogrids N2 - Designing the performance of geogrids in reinforce soil constructions usually does not consider long-term behavior and possible failure modes of junctions between longitudinal and transverse ribs. How could behavior of junctions be included? To which extend is it necessary? On the conference Geo-Chicago 2016, Swan and Yuan presented an ultimate limit state equation for the short-term material resistance of junctions. We discuss limitations and suggest improvements to include long-term behavior of junctions. Nevertheless, the approach applies only to a specific mode of shear-tensile failure of junctions and only to strictly rigid geogrids. A new design concept presented in the same year by Jacobs on the conference GeoAmerica for the special case of the anchorage of geogrids, which reinforce capping system on long and steep slopes of landfills, tried to overcome these drawbacks. We discuss the aspects of this concept related to the long-term behavior of junctions and the interplay between the load applied to junctions and the flexibility of longitudinal ribs. This interplay and the long-term junction strength determine the long-term behavior of geogrids. T2 - GeoAmericas 2020 CY - Online meeting DA - 26.10.2020 KW - Geogitter KW - Geokunststoffe KW - Deponie PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51485 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wurzler, Nina A1 - Wagner, Ralph A1 - Schutter, Jan David A1 - Das, Chayanika A1 - Dimper, Matthias A1 - An, Biwen Annie A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - Lützenkirchen-Hecht, Dirk A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem T1 - Effect of cultivation conditions on the electrochemical activity of metal reducing bacteria (mrb) on stainless steel surfaces N2 - Investigation of the electrochemical activity of two cultures grown with and without abundance of Fe(III) and their different ability to reduce and therefore dissolve iron oxides in steel and model iron thin films. T2 - Eurocorr2019 CY - Sevilla, Spain DA - 09.09.2019 KW - X-ray spectroscopic techniques KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion KW - MIC KW - XANES KW - Metal reducing bacteria KW - In situ PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49692 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wurzler, Nina A1 - Kleinbub, Sherin A1 - Koerdt, Andrea A1 - Özcan Sandikcioglu, Özlem T1 - Effect of conditioning layers on the attachment and biofilm formation of electroactive bacteria on stainless steel N2 - The characteristics of different molecules chosen as representatives for specific functionalities in conditioning layers play an important role on attachment behavior and later biofilm formation of bacteria. The chemical composition is a major component influencing the attachment but there is a conglomerate of influences. T2 - Eurocorr2018 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 09.09.2018 KW - Conditioning layer KW - Stainless steel KW - Bacterial attachment PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46487 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Seeger, Stefan A1 - Brödner, Doris A1 - Erdmann, Kerstin A1 - Rasch, Fabian T1 - Chemical characterization of ultra-fine particles released from laser printers N2 - 11 laser printers from 5 manufacturers were purchased in 2017 and tested for their UFP emissions. Size resolved sampling of the emitted particles was done with a 13 stage (30 nm to 10 µm) low pressure cascade impactor. The sampled particles were analysed for their chemical composition by thermal extraction (vaporization at 290°C) followed by GC-MS analysis. High boiling cyclic siloxanes (D10 to D16) were detected as constituents of UFP from laser printers. In comparison to measurements in 2008, aliphatic long-chain alkanes (C22 to C34) were detected additionally as chemical constituents of UFP from most of the tested printers and their amounts were higher than for cyclic siloxanes. Printers of one manufacturer showed very low UPF emissions compared to the other manufacturers. T2 - Indoor Air Conference 2022 CY - Kuopio, Finland DA - 12.06.2022 KW - UFP KW - Thermal extraction KW - Cascade impactor PY - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-55106 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Comparison of Formaldehyde Concentrations in Emission Test Chambers Using EN 717-1 and EN 16516 N2 - For more than 25 years EN 717-1 (Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde re-lease - Part 1: Formaldehyde emission by the chamber method) is the standard for formalde-hyde emission testing of wooden boards. In 2017 EN 16516 (Construction products - Assess-ment of release of dangerous substances - Determination of emissions into indoor air) was published as a new harmonised standard for the emission testing of construction products. Because test chamber conditions are different, both standards give different concentrations for formaldehyde. To determine a conversion factor four test series were set up with different wooden boards. For a loading of 1 m²/m³ the conversion factor is 1.6. This means that the formaldehyde concentration measured under the conditions of EN 16516 is a factor of 1.6 higher compared to EN 717-1. T2 - Conference on Indoor Air CY - Philadelphia, PA, USA DA - 22.07.2018 KW - Loading factor KW - European standard KW - Construction products KW - Air exchange rate PY - 2018 SP - paper 627 AN - OPUS4-45630 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf T1 - Harmonised test standard EN 16516 - common approach for all building products for interiors N2 - The presentation gives general information about the European Standard EN 16516 “Construction products – Assessment of release of dangerous substances – Determination of emissions into indoor air”. This test standard was developed based on the mandate M/366 of the European commission and is a horizontal reference method for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from different classes of construction (building) products. Specific test conditions are to be selected by the product TCs (technical committees) in a way that a product is tested under its intended condition of use. The test is based on the use of emission test chambers which are operated at constant air change rate and climate (23°C, 50 % r.h.) over 28 days. The standard defines the conditions and requirements for the measurement including loading factor, air change rate, sampling, analysis and calculation of emission rates of the substances. A 30 m³ reference room is described which is used to calculate air concentrations from the determined emission rates. The standard EN 16516 enables the evaluation of construction products regarding their emissions into indoor air under defined and comparable conditions. The evaluation includes the determination of identified target compounds, non-identified target compounds, volatile carcinogenic compounds and the sum values TVOC, TSVOC and R. T2 - UBA Conference - Limiting health impacts of construction products regarding VOC CY - Online meeting DA - 20.04.2021 KW - Building products KW - EN 16516 KW - Emisson testing KW - Construction products PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-58079 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Comparison of Formaldehyde Concentrations in Emission Test Chambers Using EN 717-1 and EN 16516 N2 - For many years EN 717-1 (Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde release - Part 1: Formaldehyde emission by the chamber method) is the standard for formaldehyde emission testing of wooden boards. In 2017 EN 16516 (Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Determination of emissions into indoor air) was published as a new harmonised standard for the emission testing of construction products. Because test chamber conditions are different, both standards give different concentrations for formaldehyde. For the determination of a conversion factor four test series were set up with different wooden boards. T2 - Conference on Indoor Air CY - Philadelphia, PA, USA DA - 22.07.2018 KW - Loading factor KW - Construction products KW - European standard KW - Air exchange rate PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45631 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - VOC-Emissions from thermoplastic filaments for 3-D-printing N2 - Summary: A screening test for potential emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) was run on different thermoplastic filaments used for 3D printing. The method of direct thermal desorption was used to simulate the high temperatures during the 3D printing process and to identify the main compounds emitted from the filaments. A large number of unexpected compounds were detected that might affect the user’s health and have an impact on indoor air chemistry. Introduction: The use of desktop 3D printers is increasing. Compared to other devices with known emissions, e.g. laser printers, there is still a lack of information on possible emissions of VOC and ultrafine particles during operation and the effect on indoor air quality. Most of the commercially available desktop 3D printers operate with a molten polymer deposition. For this process a solid thermoplastic filament is heated in an extrusion nozzle. Most filaments for desktop 3D printers use either acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polylactic acid (PLA) as filament. Alternatives are polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or polycarbonate (PC). Method: Eight different thermoplastic filaments for 3D printers were analysed by direct thermal desorption followed by GC-MS identification of the emitted substances. Direct thermal desorption was done by desorbing 5 mg of the feedstock for 1 minute at a temperature of 210°C. This is an average temperature for 3D printing with thermoplastic filaments. Results and conclusions: The comparison of the 4 different filament groups showed the highest overall emissions from ABS, followed by PLA, PC and PVA. Filament ABS 2 emitted mainly SVOCs and triphenyl phosphate, the latter has the highest emission for a single compound from all evaluated filaments. Thermoplastic filaments are a new source of VOC emissions due to the high temperatures associated with 3D printing, which can reach up to 270°C. Some of the detected compounds like lactic acid, lactide and bisphenol A have never been described before in the indoor environment. Additionally some of the main substances could not be identified and some others might have the potential to affect the indoor air chemistry. The appearance of some newly detected compounds raises concerns about potential health effects for the users of 3D printers at home. T2 - 20th Conference | Odour and Emissions of Plastic Materials CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 20.03.2018 KW - VOC KW - Emissions KW - 3D printing KW - Thermoplastic filaments PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44551 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Seeger, Stefan A1 - Brödner, Doris A1 - Erdmann, Kerstin A1 - Rasch, Fabian T1 - Chemical characterization of ultra-fine particles released from laser printers N2 - 11 laser printers from 5 manufacturers were purchased in 2017 and tested for their UFP emissions. Size resolved sampling of the emitted particles was done with a 13 stage (30 nm to 10 µm) low pressure cascade impactor. The sampled particles were analysed for their chemical composition by thermal extraction (vaporization at 290°C) followed by GC-MS analysis. High boiling cyclic siloxanes (D10 to D16) were detected as constituents of UFP from laser printers. In comparison to measurements in 2008, aliphatic long-chain alkanes (C22 to C34) were detected additionally as chemical constituents of UFP from most of the tested printers and their amounts were higher than for cyclic siloxanes. Printers of one manufacturer showed very low UPF emissions compared to the other manufacturers. T2 - Indoor Air Conference 2022 CY - Kuopio, Finland DA - 12.06.2022 KW - UFP KW - Thermal extraction KW - Cascade impactor PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55107 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf T1 - Contaminants of Emerging Concern from Materials and Products: Measurement and Evaluation N2 - Test chamber measurements are an important tool to improve indoor air quality and occupational safety. Test chamber measurements are possible for a wide range of materials, products and technologies. Determination of concerning contaminants is important to ensure good indoor air quality. The detection of concerning contaminants depends on the approriate sampling and analysis. T2 - Webinar BAM-University of Birmingham CY - Online meeting DA - 24.02.2021 KW - Emerging Contaminants KW - Emission Test Chamber KW - Thermal Extraction KW - Thermal Desorption PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-52262 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf T1 - Emission Testing for Indoor Products N2 - The chemical emissions from products are tested by means of emission test chambers under defined conditions (climate, loading, air change rate). The standard method for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) is the sampling onto Tenax-tubes followed by thermal desorption (TDS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The EU-LCI list includes some very volatile organic compounds (VVOC) and some VOC for which there are limitations when using the standard method. For VVOC additional sampling is required using stronger absorbers like Carbotrap or multi-bed adsorption tubes. The analysis of VVOC also requires a different GC oven program and a different column for the separation. For the determination of formaldehyde and other low boiling aldehydes (e.g. acetaldehyde, acetone, propanal, propenal) DNPH-cartridges are used which are extracted with acetonitrile followed by liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) analysis. The derivatisation of propenal and other unsaturated aldehydes (e.g. 2-butenal) with DNPH might lead to lower findings due to incomplete derivatization and forming of by-products. For a better quantification of acetic acid the use of ion chromatography (IC) is recommended because the analysis of acetic acid with the standard method (TDS) leads to lower findings due to break through during sampling. The use of ion chromatography for the analysis of organic acids requires a third sampling technique. The acids are adsorbed onto silica-gel and extracted with water. T2 - ISESISIAQ 2019 CY - Kaunas, Lituania DA - 18.08.2019 KW - Indoor Air Quality KW - Emission Testing KW - Indoor Products KW - VOC Emission KW - Construction Products PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49406 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wen, Keqing A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A. A1 - Schwibbert, Karin A1 - Bell, Jérémy T1 - A microfluidic platform for monitoring biofilm formation in flow under defined hydrodynamic conditions N2 - Bacterial adhesion on surfaces of medical, water and food applications may lead to infections, water or food spoilage and human illness. In comparison to traditional static and macro flow chamber assays for biofilm formation studies, microfluidic chips allow in situ monitoring of biofilm formation under various flow regimes, have better environment control and smaller sample requirements. In this work, a novel microfluidic platform is developed to investigate biofilm adhesion under precisely controlled bacteria concentration, temperature, and flow conditions. This platform central unit is a single-inlet microfluidic flow cell with a 5 mm wide chamber designed and tested to achieve ultra-homogenous flow in the central area of chamber. Within this area, defined microstructures are integrated that will disturb the homogeneity of the flow, thus changing bacterial adhesion pattern. Here we present the monitoring of bacterial biofilm formation in a microfluidic chip equipped with a microstructure known as micro-trap. This feature is based on a 3D bacteria trap designed by Di Giacomo et al. and successfully used to sequester motile bacteria. At first, fluorescent particles similar in size to Escherichia coli (E. coli) are used to simulate bacteria flow inside the flow cell and at the micro-trap. The turbulences induced by the trap are analyzed by imaging and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). Secondly, the model strain E. coli TG1, ideal and well described for biofilm studies, is used to analyze biofilm formation in the micro-trap. Therefore, a stable fluorescent strain E. coli TG1-MRE-Tn7-141 is constructed by using Tn7 transposon mutagenesis according to the method described by Schlechter et al. Sequestering of E. coli cells within the micro-trap was followed using epifluorescence microscopy. The novel microfluidic platform shows great potential for assessment of bacterial adhesion under various flow regimes. The performance of structural feature with respect to the generation of turbulences that promote or reduce bacterial adhesion can be systematically examined. The combination of flow analysis and fluorescent strain injection into the microfluidic chip shows that the micro-trap is useful for capturing bacteria at defined positions and to study how flow conditions, especially micro-turbulences, can affect biofilm formation. It represents a powerful and versatile tool for studying the relation between topography and bacteria adhesion. T2 - International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences CY - Katowice, Poland DA - 15.10.2023 KW - Biofilm KW - E. coli KW - Microfluidics KW - Velocimetry KW - Fluorescence PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59593 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weimann, Karin A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Advantages of recycling gypsum plasterboards N2 - During the last decades the material composition of buildings has become increasingly diverse. However, largely sorted material flows are needed for generating high quality secondary building materials. The use of secondary building materials can meet the requirements of sustainability in several ways: the extended time availability of primary raw materials and, thereby, the preservation of natural resources as well as the conservation of landfill sites. Recycling of gypsum (calcium sulfate) can be a good example for the environmental benefits of closed-loop recycling. The content of sulfates in other secondary building materials, in particular in recycled concrete aggregates, should be minimized for quality reasons. In contrast, separated gypsum can also be used in gypsum production if the high quality requirements for the recycled gypsum are met. Since almost all processing steps in the recycling process are associated with environmental impacts, an environmental evaluation of the use of recycled gypsum as a substitute in gypsum production has to be carefully conducted. This paper focusses on the techniques for generating recycled gypsum from gypsum plasterboards, the related quality requirements and a comprehensive environmental evaluation of the complete process. T2 - IV International Conference Progress of Recycling in the Built Environment CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 11.10.2018 KW - Environmental evaluation KW - CDW processing KW - Gypsum PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-48079 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weimann, Karin A1 - Farago, P. A1 - Mayer, Felix T1 - New sources for secondary gypsum N2 - In order to protect natural gypsum deposits and to compensate for the decreasing amount of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) gypsum it is necessary to develop and explore new sources of gypsum. For this purpose, the potentials of different gypsum wastes are investigated in the study “GipsRec 2.0”, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany). On the one hand, the project worked on a new processing technology for gypsum fiberboards (GFB). While the recycling of gypsum plasterboards has already been carried out on an industrial scale for several years, the recycling of gypsum fiberboards (GFB) has proven to be challenging. Gypsum fiberboards from demolition sites and offcuts from GFB production were used for these investigations. The tests were conducted on a technical scale. Furthermore, various synthetic gypsums are being investigated with regard to their suitability for gypsum production. The analyses are carried out on production residues. In this project, a promising process for gypsum fiberboard recycling could be developed, as well as other waste gypsums are investigated and evaluated with regard to their potential as secondary raw material. In addition, selected process routes are assessed for their environmental impact using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. T2 - RILEM - V International Conference Progress of Recycling in the Built Environment CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 10.10.2023 KW - Gypsum recycling KW - Gypsum fiberboards and synthetic gypsum KW - Environmental evaluation PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60316 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weimann, Karin A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Gypsum plasterboard recycling - a sustainable approach N2 - Gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate) has excellent building material properties and has been widely used in constructions in the last decades in many countries. Accordingly, an increase of waste gypsum in C&D waste is expected in the upcoming years. On one hand, sulfates are unwanted in other secondary building materials (particularly in recycled concrete aggregates) and should be minimized for quality reasons. On the other hand, used gypsum from CDW can also be used in gypsum production if the high quality requirements for the recycled gypsum – especially regarding the sorting accuracy - are met. A large percentage of the gypsum from buildings was installed as gypsum plasterboards in interior fittings so far. Gypsum plasterboards are comparatively simple to remove and to separate during selective dismantling. Therefore, a high sorting purity can be achieved. In addition, techniques for the recycling of gypsum plasterboards already exist and high quality standards can be achieved. Also, the reuse in gypsum production has been improved in the last decade. Furthermore, an environmental evaluation of the whole process of gypsum plasterboard recycling and reuse showed that this approach can be environmentally advantageous. Therefore, a closed-loop recycling of gypsum plasterboards is feasible. This poster will show the development of gypsum consumption in different countries as well as a prognosis for the upcoming of gypsum in CDW in the future decades in Germany. Furthermore, a simplified scheme of the recycling process and selected results from an environmental evaluation will be presented. T2 - Conference on Mining the European Anthroposphere: Poster session CY - Bologna, Italy DA - 20.02.2020 KW - LCA KW - Gypsum recycling PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-51435 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -